gravity shield technology - elf em gravity shield theory and experiment design, 21p
DESCRIPTION
ELF EM Gravity Shield Theory And Experiment Design • Point out there is currently no reproducedgravity shield experiment data in the literature • Model an experimental apparatus for theory validation • Present experimental efforts to date • Give historical account of this particular gravity shield theory Donoghue& Holstein Original Paper Barton’s Rebuttal THE VERDICT IS STILL OUT!!! DeAquinoDerives The General Case 1999TRANSCRIPT
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ELF EM Gravity Shield Theory And Experiment Design
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Present an experimental design model for a gravity shield apparatus based on a theory evolved over the last two decades. The model is an approximation meant to be a starting point for experimental analysis.
• Point out there is currently no reproduced gravity shield experiment data in the literature
• Give historical account of this particular gravity shield theory
• Model an experimental apparatus for theory validation
• Present experimental efforts to date
Presentation Objective
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Donoghue & Holstein Original Paper
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Barton’s Rebuttal
THE VERDICT IS STILL OUT!!!
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DeAquino Derives The General Case1999
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Current Status
• DeAquino (2002) derived his mg equation directly from the energy Hamiltonian eliminating D&H dependency and Barton uncertainty
• Calculation is for electromagnetic radiation (EM) so must assume same effect for EM illumination
• Assumes a weightless container will result in weightlessness inside the container volume (gravity cannot stop then start)
• Experiments are difficult to design because of the low frequencypower densities required (order of several kilowatts per square meter at 100 Hz in a small volume)
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General Equation (mg <= mi)
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++−= 11)(1
212
21
2
21
21
2
02 εωε
σµε
rs
srsrs
iiig cm
Ummm
wherec = speed of light in vacuum (meters/second),ω = 2*π*f,f = antenna radiated frequency (Hertz),ε0 = permittivity in vacuum,εrs = permittivity of shield,µrs = permeability of shield,σs = conductivity of shield (S/meters),U = radiation illumination energy of shield material,mi = inertial mass of shield atom (gram),mg = gravitational mass of shield atom (gram).
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Designing An Experiment
Table 2. Table comparison of measured and empirically derived wavelengths for an antenna in seawater.
50117542.09766.4664 −= fλEmpirical curve fit to US Navy published data for frequencies less than 500 Hz
λfc =
fc=λ
fv p=λ
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Vp - Comparing Measured To Calculated
ffp
o
oror νωεσµµεε
λ =���
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�+=
−21
2
112
1
where :λ = antenna equivalent wavelength,f = antenna signal frequency,εr = antenna surrounding medium permittivity,µr = antenna surrounding medium permeability,σ = antenna surrounding medium conductivity,vp = antenna signal phase velocity,ω = 2πf.
Derivation from Maxwell’s Equations
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Dipole Radiated Power
An analysis of this Equation shows an antenna surrounded by a medium with slight conductivity and high permeability can efficiently radiate power in the ELF range.
π
εωεσµµεεµµω
12
112
Pr
21
2
0
00220
2
���
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�+��
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=rM
MrMrMrM zI
where:ω = 2*π*f,f = antenna radiated frequency (Hertz),I = AC current in antenna (Amperes),ε0 = permittivity in vacuum,εrM = permittivity of medium,µ0 = permeability in vacuum,µrM = permeability of medium,σM = conductivity of medium (S/meters),Pr = antenna radiated power (Watt).
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Dipole Radiation Efficiency
An antenna radiation efficiency of 100% means all input power is radiated and no heat is dissipated from ohmic resistance (assume resonant so ignore the near field).
Ohmic resistance for a copper antenna element conductor is:
ohmicr
r
RRReff
+=
σωµ
π 22 azRohmic ≈
where:Rohmic = antenna element electrical ohmic resistance, z = antenna element length,a = antenna element radius,µ= 4πE-7 for copper,σ= 5.7E+7 for copper.
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Medium Absorption
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�+= 11
2
2
orM
MorMorM
εωεσµµεεωα
xke αη −−= 1
where:w = 2*π*f,f = antenna radiated frequency (Hertz),ε0 = permittivity in vacuum,εrM = permittivity of medium,µ0 = permeability in vacuum,µrM = permeability of medium,σM = conductivity of medium (S/meters),α = EM attenuation real attenuation coefficient,k = radiation absorption resonance constant (k ~ unity for ELF),x = thickness of medium material (meters),η = radiation absorption coefficient.
Eta is a less than unity multiplier correcting for the EM energy absorbed by the surrounding medium.
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Radiation Power Density
For this example geometry, cylinder shield surface illumination energy is radiated power divided by shield surface area (assuming no near field):
rhPD r
π2=
where:r = radius of surrounding shield (meters),h = length of surrounding shield (meters),Pr = antenna radiated power (Watt),D = antenna radiated power density (Watt/meters^2).
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Shield Atom Illumination Cross Section
Courtesy of DeAquino
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Shield Illumination Energy U
We now have an approximation for the shield atom illumination energy.
fDSU aη=
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Plot Of mg Null For Shield Iron Atom
Plugging in the numbers, a mg null occurs at a frequency dependent on the other parameters.
Conductance Medium = 6.3E+7 S/mConductance Shield = 1.1E+7 S/mPermeability Shield = 13,000
mg
ABS(mg)
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Experimental Apparatus From Model
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Equivalent Circuit
At resonance jXL - jXC=0
LCfr π2
1=
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Gryator Simulated Inductor
Courtesy National Semiconductor
Assume a dipole capacitance of 1nF then resonance at 0.1Hz requires an equivalent inductance of L=2.5E+9H
Assume Ro=0.1ohm, C=120,000uF then R=42Gohms
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Experiments To Date (System G)
German EffortE. Zentgraf et al
French EffortJ Naudin
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• Explore experiment geometries that yield higher null frequency to aid antenna tuning
• Explore inductive loop antenna requiring series capacitive tuning (linear power supply regulator with time constant)
• Explore cross field antenna that synthesizes the radiated transverse E and H field
Future Work