great awakening & the enlightenment
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Pp. 91-98 in Brinkley TextTRANSCRIPT
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Awakenings & Enlightenments
pp. 91-98
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Pattern of Religions
Variety in colonial America
Church of England in VA, MD, NY, NC, SC, GA
Increased variety in Christian denominations
Catholics & Jews remained religious minorities & suffered persecution
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The Great Awakening
Concerns about declining piety & increased secularism
Increased religious fervor, 1730s-1740s
Esp. appealed to women & younger sons
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Great Awakening
Evangelists
John & Charles Wesley, founders of Methodism
George Whitefield
Jonathan Edwards
Led to divisions between “New Light” revivalists & “Old Light” traditionalists
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Enlightenment
Result of scientific & intellectual discoveries
In competition with the Great Awakening
Natural laws
Human reason Created progress & advanced knowledge
Scientific inquiry
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Enlightenment
Increased emphasis on the importance of education, politics, & government
Encouraged one to look at oneself, rather than look to God for guidance
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Education
Emphasis on education in colonies, but work often interfered
MA law in 1647 required every town to have a school
Apprentices learned from craftsmen in cities
Few went beyond primary years
Literacy rates in colonies were higher than in Europe
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Education
Males had more educational opportunities
African slaves had few chances at schooling
Most Natives preferred to educate their children in their own way
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First Colleges Tied to religion & training of preachers but had wide-
ranging curricula—
Logic, ethics, physics, geometry, astronomy, Latin, Greek, etc.
Harvard, 1636, MA
William & Mary, 1693, VA
Yale, 1701, CT
College of New Jersey (Princeton), 1746
King’s College (Columbia), 1754, NY
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The Spread of Science
Increased interest in scientific knowledge
At colleges
By amateurs & scientific societies Ben Franklin—Kite experiment proved that
lightning & electricity were the same; invented the lightning rod
Cotton Mather—Inoculation against small pox
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Concepts of Law & Politics
Royal government was far away, so colonies had a large measure of self-rule
Voted for colonial assemblies
Royal governors had limited powers
Colonies largely were independent of Parliament “little parliaments”
In comparison to England court procedures were simpler & punishments were different
Stocks, branding irons, whipping posts
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Concepts of Law & Politics
Zenger Trial, 1734-1735
Criticizing gov’t & its officials OK if it is true
Increases freedom of press rights
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Chapter 3 Key Qs:① How did patterns of family life & attitudes toward
women differ in the northern & southern colonies?
② Why did African slavery expand so rapidly in the late 17th century?
③ Who emigrated to North America in the 17th century, & why did they come?
④ How did religion shape & influence colonial society?
⑤ How & why did life in the English colonies diverge from life in England?