8/13/2019 Greek Master Verb Chart

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Master Verb Chart (Indicatives/Subjunctives, Infinitives, Participles)Compiled by Stephen. S. Rives, based upon Mounce’s 1993 BBG and 1994 MBG

I ndicative MoodTenses 1

Aug 2 /redup

Tensestem

Tenseform. 3

Formativeexceptions/notes

Con. 4 vowel

Personalendings

Endingexceptions

1 st sin g verbparadigm

Participle 5 morphememasc/fem 6

Infinitives 7 Verb/participin BBG

Present act pres / prim act / / p127/2

Present mid/pas pres / prim m/p / p146/2

Imperfect act pres / sec act p179

Imperfect mid/pas pres / sec m/p p180Future act fut act / prim act / p155

Liquid fut act fut act drops / prim act p168

Liquid fut mid fut act drops / prim m/p p168

Future mid fut act / prim m/p p157

1st future pas aor pas / prim m/p p212

2nd future pas aor pas / prim m/p p213

1st aorist act aor act in 3 rd sg in verb

sec act 1 st sg hasno ending

/ p199/2

Liquid aorist act aor act sec act 1 st sg noending

p201

2nd aorist act aor act / sec act / / p191/2

1st aorist mid aor act sec m/p / p202/2

2nd aorist mid aor pas / sec m/p / p193/2

1st aorist pas aor pas particip. 15 sec act in 3 rd pl / p209/2

2nd aorist pas aor pas participle sec act in 3 rd pl / p211/2

1st perfect act perf act in 3 rd sg

participle

infinitive

prim act 3 rd sg noending

in 3 rd pl

/ p220/2

2nd perfect act perf act infinitive prim act Same as 1 st perf.

p224

Perfect mid/pas perf ps prim m/p / p221/2

1st pluperf act 19 perf act sec act in 3 rd pl p232

2nd pluperf act perf act sec act in 3 rd pl p232

Pluperf mid/pas perf ps sec pas p232

1 This chart is built around the Indicative Mood, however, columns dealing with participles and other mood notes are included. For example, the Subjunctivemood forms are easily derived from this chart by modifying the connecting vowels (cf. n4 below). Subjunctives always use the primary endings and are found onlyin the present and aorist tense (with a few instances of the perfect). Aorist subjunctives are built on unaugmented aorist stems.2 Augmented words are past time and a lways use the secondary endings.3 Words with tense formatives that end in a vowel do not have connecting vowels.4 In the Subjunctive, the connecting vowels lengthen from / to / 5 Participles have a continuous or undefined aspect, therefore augments are not used by them (aorist participles are undefined aspect and have no augment).6 Morphemes are list with the masc-neut first flowed by a slash then the feminine. Participles with the / morpheme follow the 2-1-2 patter of nounendings. All other participles follow the 3-1-3 endings.7 Infinitive endings are given in the order thematic/athematic. The mi verbs are athematic (they do not use connecting vowels). The endings undergo vowelcontractions; they will not look like they are presented here. Infinitives are verbal roots with formatives connecting vowels and the infinitive morpheme. There areno personal endings or noun endings.8 : In the feminine, the sigma causes the connecting vowel to lengthen . The ending works out like this: + + => => => .

It might be best just to think of the feminine as having the ending where the sigma modifies the preceding vowel (MGB p152n2).9 The ending works out to be : + =>10 is the ending for the athematic verbs (verbs without connecting vowels; e.g. verbs).11 There are nine future active participles in the NT (MBG p.154). There are two future middle participles in the NT ( .12 When considering the passive formative , remember the following mnemonic: = 1st = passive = future 13 Unlike the other feminine participles, the vowel in this tense formative does not lengthen due to the consonantal iota and sigma shifts.14 : In the feminine, the causes the connecting vowel, , to go to (cf. n8 above).15 is really the morpheme anyway, it shows up here in the participle more clearly (BBG p209).16 : In the feminine, the causes the tense formative, , to go to (cf. n8 above).17 : In the feminine, the causes the tense formative, , to go to (cf. n8 above).18 The masculine morpheme is . The feminine morpheme is , to which is added . + => => 19 There are only 22 verbs in the NT that appear as pluperfect.

8/13/2019 Greek Master Verb Chart

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Master Personal Ending ChartIndicative/Subjunctive, Imperative

Pr im ary tenses Secondar y tenses

M i d d l e / p

a s s i v e v o

i c e

A c t i v e

V o i c e

Paradigm Prim. 20 Alt. 21 Imperatives 22 Paradigm Prim. 23 Alt.

->

perf-a-in / 1st Aor 2nd Aor, Aor Passive

1st a-a-in, liq a-a-in

perf-a-in

1st a-p-in, 2nd a-p-in, plu-a-in

1st Aor

20 Present tense and future tense follow the endings, it is the perfect that deviates intothe alternate endings.

21 verbs use these a lternate endings for the given persons (otherwise they follow thenormal endings)

22 In the imperative, sometimes is the 2 nd singular ending. The theta will deaspirate to

tau (i.e. -> in the 1 st aorist passive. The 2 nd sg. forms of the imperative aremany (MBG p145-146). There are no 1 st sing imperatives.

23 The imperfect tense is the standard for these secondary endings; the alternate secondaryendings occur in the aorist and pluperfect.

24 The connecting vowel lengthens before the sigma. The ending is really ; think of it asif the sigma and iota switched places (BBG p127n6).

25 The ending actually is , but the tau dropped out. The original form can be seen in26 Alternate ending used by:

perfect active indicative perf-a-in (BBG p220)27 Alternate ending used by:

1 st aori st active indi cative1st a-a-in (BBG p199n1)

liqui d aorist indicative liq a-a-in (BBG p201)28 The initial nu drops because of the following sigma (BBG p79) and the connecting vowel

lengthens.29 Alternate ending used by:

perfect active indicative perf-a-in (BBG p220n3)

30 Alternate ending used by:1 st aori st passive indi cative

1st a-p-in (BBG p209)

2 nd aori st passive indi cative2nd a-p-in

(BBG p211)pluperf ect active indi cative

plu-a-in (BBG p232)

31 The sigma drops between vowels and the vowels contract (MBG p144n1)