green architecture

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1 GREEN ARCHITECTURE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction

Green architecture is designing with nature. It is essential component of

sustainable design, applying the techniques of sustainable design to architecture

that are concerned with the ecological and aesthetic harmony between structure

and its surrounding natural and built environment. It is a practice of creating a

structure that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout

its life-cycle. The buildings or houses are designed to reduce the overall impact

of the built environment on human health and the natural environment through

efficiently using energy, water and other resources. It protects people’s health

by reducing waste, pollution and environment degradation. It focuses on

sustainable site development, improvement of indoor air quality, water

management, energy management and solid waste management, green

materials and preservation of cultural contexts.

Green architecture involves a whole-building approach to sustainability

by recognizing performance in human and environmental health. These involve

sustainable site selection and development, energy efficiency, water

conservation, clean air, use of low-impact materials, renewable resource, and

preserving indoor air quality.

Green architecture may have many of these characteristics:

Ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and cooling

Landscapes planned to maximize passive solar energy

Minimal harm to the natural habitat

Non-synthetic, non-toxic materials

Locally-obtained woods and stone

Responsibly-harvested woods

Figure 1 Example of Green Architecture

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Difference between Green Architecture and Sustainable Architecture

SUSTAINABILITY

GREEN

- Whole-systems approach to

environment that

encompasses the notion of

green building but also

addresses broader social,

ethical, and economic issues,

as well as the community

context of buildings.

- Component of sustainability

- Generalized on the efficiency

of natural energy and

resources with the help of

mechanical tools to ease the

daily life of human.

- tangible environmentally

responsible actions

- one prong of a three-sectioned

theory that additionally

encompasses economic and

social components

- Provides healthy

environment in a research-

efficient manner using

ecologically based

principles

- focuses on the efficient use

of natural resources and

usage of it as the part of the

structure

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MEASUREMENT OF GREEN

Because of its inherently abstract, subjective nature, measuring an architectural

value system is difficult. Measuring the “greenness” of architecture is

understandably also challenging. To solve this issue, the three categories that

make up the concept of “green”—sustainable, ecological, and performance—have

been defined operationally. Linked to each category are the essential

components and values that further define and isolate them. These definitions

assign meaning to a construct by specifying the activities or “operations”

necessary to measure it. In general, a concept is synonymous with its

corresponding set of operations (Bridgman 1980). These categories are

connected but they are also distinct and mutually exclusive. They each have

their own subcategories with specific attributes. This taxonomy is not

sequential; instead, it works primarily from the bottom up.

For any building to be considered as an example of “green architecture,” it

should include all of the categories in various degrees. In other words, an

architectural artefact can be “green” only if it is simultaneously “sustainable,”

“ecological,” and “per formative.” The level within these categories depends on

their own respective taxonomies. Sustainability requires “elements (technology

and materials),” “resources,” and “environmental” subcategories. The degree of

these subcategories is also determined based on their level of inclusion and

overlapping attributes. For instance, a building can be “completely” or “barely”

sustainable—or non sustainable—depending on the number of attributes it

possess within each subcategory (i.e., elements, resources, and environmental).

If a building only uses durable materials, is affordable, and is healthy, then that

building is barely sustainable and goes to the bottom of the sustainability scale.

If one of these subcategories is missing, then the building cannot be considered

sustainable, even though it has sustainable qualities.

TAXONOMY OF GREEN ARCHITECTURE


Figure 2:

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GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEMS

The development of building rating systems was the result of growing concerns

in the building industry and management, in topics such as sustainability,

building performance, environmental impact, energy, cost efficiency, and

maintenance. The rating systems were a partial response to these issues,

proposing quantifiable tools to evaluate and measure the level of a building’s

environmental performance. Several countries created their own standards of

building performance, evaluation, and rating systems, addressing a wide range

of environmental issues (i.e., energy, design, construction, site, technologies, and

materials).

LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (LEED)

RATING SYSTEMS are groups of requirements for projects that want to achieve

LEED certification. Each group is geared towards the unique needs of a project

or building type. Projects earn points to satisfy green building requirements.

Within each of the LEED credit categories, projects must satisfy prerequisites

and earn points. The number of points the project earns determines its level of

LEED certification.

LEED encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable and green

building and neighbourhood development practices through the creation and

implementation of a universally understood and accepted benchmark

encompassing existing and new standards, tools, and performance criteria.

LEVELS OF CERTIFICATIONS:

Certified 40–49 points

Silver 50–59 points

Gold 60–79 points

Platinum 80 points and above

MAIN CREDIT CATEGORIES:

Sustainable sites credits encourage strategies that minimize the impact

on ecosystems and water resources.

Water efficiency credits promote smarter use of water, inside and out, to

reduce potable water consumption.

Energy & atmosphere credits promote better building energy

performance through innovative strategies.

Materials & resources credits encourage using sustainable building

materials and reducing waste.

Indoor environmental quality credits promote better indoor air quality

and access to daylight and views.

BUILDING ECOLOGICALLY RESPONSIVE DESIGN EXCELLENCE (BERDE)

• BERDE is a green building rating system developed by the Philippine

Green Building Council (PHILGBC),

• It was created by PHILGBC as an appropriate response to the Philippine

building industry’s need to proactively address the negative impacts of

climate change in the property sector.

• It is used to measure, verify, and monitor the environmental

performance of buildings that exceeds existing mandatory regulations

and standards


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• It is consensus-driven, and achieved through a multi-stakeholder

consultation and collaboration process.

• It features the latest innovative trends in building products, architecture,

engineering and construction as initiated by the industry's best and

brightest minds.

As more building owners learn the effects of climate change and the advantages

of green buildings, market players are enthusiastic in participating in the

greening of the construction sector through green building and

certification.

Greener buildings are:

energy and water efficient

cheaper to operate and maintain

reduced negative impacts to the environment

creates healthy environment for the users

has improved productivity of users

and improves the quality of life.

BERDE FRAMEWORK

BERDE GREEN BUILDING RATING SCHEMES

1. BERDE FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION- Is a green building rating scheme

designed to sustainability of new buildings and structures that are

currently undergoing the design process, or are under construction in

the Philippines

2. BERDE FOR RETROFITS AND RENOVATIONS - Is a green building rating

scheme designed to measure the sustainability of buildings and

structures that have undergone or are undergoing retrofitting,

renovation, and refurbishment, in part and in whole

3. BERDE FOR OPERATIONS - Is a green building rating scheme designed

to measure the sustainable operational performance of existing

buildings and structures.

Management

Land Use and Ecology

Water

Energy

Transportation

Indoor Environment

Quality

Materials

Emissions

Waste

Conservation Heritage

Innovation

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Perspective view of Arya Residences

CASE STUDY: LOCAL GREEN ARCHITECTURE

ARYA RESIDENCES

BONIFACIO GLOBAL CITY (BGC)

Arya Residences is located in the quieter,

residential side of Bonifacio Global City (BGC)

which is along McKinley Parkway corner Rizal

Drive and 8th Avenue.

A luxury ecologically enlightened, it redefines

the concept of green.

Arya Residences conceived a new concept for

a truly modern age. It is a concept of

unmistakable luxury, seamlessly integrated

with an eco-conscious harmony with nature.

Rising headlong to completion at the McKinley

Parkway, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Arya

Residences is the fusion of architectural

refinement, and environmentally sensitive

design.

Arya Residences is the FIRST GREEN

BUILDING in the Philippines to be registered under the US Green Building

Council for LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design.)

LEED is a globally recognized green building certification system, providing

third-party verification that a property is built to optimize resource utilization

and promote ecological stewardship. LEED is developed and spearheaded by the

USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council).

By using less energy, LEED-certified buildings save money for residents; reduce

greenhouse gas emissions; and contribute to a healthier environment for the

community. There are both environmental and financial benefits to earning

LEED certification. LEED-certified buildings are designed to:

Lower operating costs and increase asset value, higher rental yields for

LEED benefits.

CONSERVE ENERGY AND WATER, thus lower association dues than

most developments.

Be healthier and safer for occupants.

Demonstrate an owner’s commitment to environmental stewardship

and social responsibility.

Location Plan of Arya Residences

• With a park right

across the site at

McKinley Parkway

side

• Accessible via the

public transport

system of Bonifacio

Global City

• Minutes away from

urban necessities such

as the commercial

establishments in

Bonifacio High Street

and Market! Market!, premier schools like the British School and Japanese

School, and institutions including St. Luke’s Hospital

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GREEN FEATURES

INNOVATION IN DESIGN

Arya Residences brings a ground-breaking concept of luxury that seamlessly

integrates holistic eco-friendly technologies and strategies. The result – design

that’s distinctly defined, sustainable and world-class.

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Within each living unit, air quality, natural daylight and walls that are noise

proof are present, all providing a welcoming and peaceful home setting.

• Low VOC (Volatile Organic Content) paint is used.

• Right-sized, operable, windows that allow better air circulation.

• Layouts designed to allow abundant natural light in.

SUSTAINABLE SITES

• A location within walking

distance of commercial and

business areas

• Located in an island block at

the highest point of Bonifacio

Global City bounded by three

major roads that provide

accessibility to destinations

of importance for the

residents

• Use of local vegetation that

require minimal maintenance and water usage

• Convenient dining options at The Plaza

ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE

AtArya, energy-efficient design

and construction, and the

choice of low energy

consumption appliances and

systems help lower energy

bills.

• Energy-efficient, multi-split

Samsung DVM Inverter air-

conditioners allow up to 25%

energy savings

• Custom-sized, double-glazed

windows with Low-E glass

prevent excessive heat from entering the living units, while allowing more

natural light and gentle winds inside

• Up to 14% energy savings in a home that is naturally cooler and

receives more healthy sunlight

MATERIALS AND RESOURCES

A refinement of choice in the selection of materials exhibits both a sophisticated

sensibility and a consciousness sensitive to ecology. Sustainably grown,

harvested, produced and transported materials foster waste reduction, reuse

and recycling.

• Building and interior materials sourced locally or regionally

• Use of high-quality, eco-friendly sustainable materials

• High grade, sturdier fixtures that require less maintenance

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WATER EFFICIENCY

Water consumption at Arya Residences is marked by intelligent, effective usage.

These are accomplished by employing water-efficient fittings and fixtures.

Water-conscious landscape design that beautifies the surroundings helps the

environment as well.

REDUCED NEED FOR AIR-CONDITIONING AND DAYTIME ELECTRIC LIGHTING

- The orientation allows less direct exposure to the sun’s heat and better

ventilation.

- The design of the balcony and ledge minimizes heat exposure.

- Heat resistant double glazed windows with Low-E glass.

- Operable windows with insect screens open up the units to fresh air.

- The use of energy efficient multi-split Samsung DVM Inverter Air-conditioning

systems (with EER 12) will reduce air-conditioning, electricity consumption by

as much as 25%.

- Generous, custom-sized windows provide abundant natural light

- The unit’s layout are carefully designed to allow most areas to receive natural

light.

- Light wells illuminate selected common areas like The Plaza.

LANDSCAPE DESIGN OF THE PLAZA AND TERRACE AMENITIES

The Plaza is an

elevated enclave

featuring destination

dining restaurants

where residents and

their guests may

enjoy feasting and

entertaining al

fresco, any season of the year.

The carefully designed

landscaping is

intended to absorb the

sun’s direct heat, thus

cooling the area

naturally. A different

kind of green where

everything is

considered – not only

for comfort and discriminating lifestyle but also the impact it will make to the

environment.

The Terrace is a private oasis for

the Arya residents. Designed to

allow a healthy lifestyle and

elevated experience, this will

feature various amenities such

as a 25-meter lap pool, a leisure

pool, a kiddie pool, indoor

children’s play area with

adjacent outdoor playground,

open garden with seating and

function rooms with outdoor

spill over.

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FLOORPLANS

2 BEDROOM GRAND

A place where a picturesque view

will greet the users through

panoramic windows as they enter the 2 Bedroom Grand unit. With its

curvilinear layout, abundant natural light freely enters the home, even up to the

dining area and kitchen. Carefully laid out spaces extend to the outdoors

through two balconies accessible from the living area and the Master bedroom.

A unit truly grand, it's ideal for individuals who thrive in both the active and

easy lifestyles.

2 BEDROOM PREMIER

Built for those who want to have a

perfect balance of personal and social

spaces at home, the 2 Bedroom

Premier's intelligent layout allows for

a graceful flow from the living room, to

the dining space, even up to the

balcony - letting engaging

conversations happen, even as you

prepare your meals from your open and smartly-planned kitchen. The Master

Bedroom, with its en-suite bathroom

and private balcony offers a peaceful

retreat at the end of a busy day.

3 BEDROOM GRAND

Live grand in your generously

spaced 3 Bedroom Grand unit. Its

expansive interior makes for a

perfect home-with intelligent

design that creates a pleasant

sunlit space, welcoming the cool

breeze that freely flows. Stunning

vistas frame the backdrop of your

living room with floor-to-ceiling

windows. Each area is designed for ease and comfort: from the spacious fore

room, to the bedrooms, smartly placed and fitted kitchen, to the louvered utility

area. Perfect for families that deserve only a lifestyle that's grand and

sustainable.

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PENTHOUSE VILLA

A splendidly sized bi-level four-

bedroom unit, the Penthouse

Villa will surely leave your

guests in awe as they enter your

living room with its impressive

double volume ceiling height

and floor-to-ceiling windows. A

luxurious dining area and

spacious kitchen are notable

features as well. The first floor

highlights the sprawling Master

Suite. The second floor houses the Family Hall and the rest of the private spaces

with their en-suite toilet and baths. It's a home where you can spend family time

but with enough areas that let everyone indulge in their very own me time.

FLOOR AREA

Approx. 382 - 384 sq m (4,111 -

4,133 sq.ft)

PENTHOUSE MANSION

FLOOR AREA

Approx. 591 sq m (6,361 sq.ft)

The expansive bi-level makes for a grand, if not majestic, residence. Generously

designed to accommodate four

bedrooms, the Penthouse Mansion

offers a myriad of options for

relaxation and entertainment. Enjoy

magnificent and unobstructed

views from the floor-to-ceiling

windows of your grand living room.

Create wonderful memories with your family in leisure zones fit for a

playground and a courtyard. Spend your days worry-free knowing that staff and

utility spaces are more than adequately sized and within easy reach. The

Penthouse Mansion is delivered bare to allow you to customize your beautiful

home to suit your discriminating taste and unparalleled style.

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CASE STUDY: FOREIGN GREEN ARCHITECTURE

TONGVA PARK

SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA

Tongva Park‘s site was previously an unused dirt lot that broke the

connection between City Hall and the Santa Monica Pier.

The new park is a beautiful, nature-filled

space the bridges this gap and serves as the

new heart and lungs of the city. James

Corner Field Operations turned the flat dirt

lot into a dynamic park with undulating

hills, water features and fun play areas.

Four main areas: Garden Hill, Discovery

Hill, Observation Hill and Gathering Hill,

each provide a different experience for

children, residents, and visitors.

Taking inspiration from the

Southern California landscape, the

park is filled with native and

adapted plants. Original plants on

the lot were preserved, and over 300

trees and thousands of plants were

added to flush out the landscape.

Irrigation water is provided by the Santa

Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility

(SMURRF) water reclamation facility,

while storm water is processed on-site

with the help of bio swales and retention

areas.

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Water features are potable, so children can play in them, and they only loose

water from evaporation.

LED lighting reduces energy use, and materials

were carefully selected to focus on non-

tropical hardwoods that have been sustainably

forested, local aggregates and stone, recycled

content materials, low-VOC paints, sealants,

and adhesives, and soy-based anti-graffiti

coatings.

James Corner describes the project as

“creating a new heart for Santa Monica—a

new destination and gathering place of great

social, ecological, and symbolic value.” He

says, “We have sculpted a dramatic

topography of hills and hollows that

incorporate, and incorporated a very large

number of native plant species to create a

spectacular horticultural garden, replete

with generous furnishing, water fountains, play elements, and activity areas. It

has been an absolute pleasure to work with the people of Santa Monica to create

a place together that feels so fresh and dynamic.”

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CASE STUDY: FOREIGN GREEN ARCHITECTURE

BARDESSONO: NAPA VALLEY'S NEWEST ECO RESORT

(LEED Platinum Certified) 6526 YOUNT ST, YOUNTVILLE, CA, UNITED STATES

4.9 ACRE-SITE 62 GUESTROOMS 5,895 SQUARE-FOOT SPA

The Bardessono eco-resort is Napa Valley’s newest luxury hotel. The inn and spa

took care not to disrupt the area’s natural habitat while including a host of green

building strategies including rammed earth walls, grey and black water

treatment systems, and solar and geothermal energy, completed by eco-

developer Phil Sherburne and architect Ron Mitchell.

They needed —and wanted— to

be sustainable in practice while

simultaneously building a

relationship between the land

and the community.

The hotel's design, construction

and operation followed

guidelines of the Leadership in

Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System, the

nationally accepted benchmark for high performance green buildings. LEED

promotes a whole-building approach to sustainability by recognizing

performance in six key areas of human and environmental health: sustainable

site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, indoor

environmental quality, and innovation in design.

Some of the primary sustainable practices that qualified the hotel for LEED

Platinum certification are:

o Heating And Cooling Heat Retention, Geothermal

o Mechanical Lighting And Electrical Generation Solar Power, Lighting

o Reuse Of Material

o Indoor Air Quality

o Low Water Use Low Water Use, Water Recycling

o Creek side Protection

o Construction Waste

o Compost

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HEATING AND COOLING

One of the most pressing environmental

needs is to reduce the demand for energy. The

goal for the Bardessono project is to reduce

the demand for external energy supplies -

electricity, gas or oil by at least half of what a

typical hotel consumes. Heating and cooling

are the main sources of energy demand in a

hotel. All the buildings are designed with

overhangs to reduce the heat gain from the

summer sun, yet allow the winter sun's rays to enter and warm the rooms. Each

room has 200 square feet of glass to allow for natural lighting. The rooms have

doors and windows opening onto private patios for natural ventilation. The

glass used is all low-e which reduces the

temperature transfer through the glass. When

sensors detect that guests are not in their room,

the automatically controlled thermostats allow the

temperature to raise or lower a few degrees and

reduce excess energy demand. When cooling is

required, the first stage of intervention is for

motor controlled exterior venetian blinds to lower to reduce the heat gain from

the sun. Another method for reducing heat gain in the buildings is the use of

reflective materials on the roofs that minimize heat absorption.

MECHANICAL LIGHTING AND ELECTRICAL GENERATION

The large amount of glass used in each building

reduces the daytime requirement for electrical

lighting. LED, halogen or fluorescent bulbs are used

in light fixtures throughout the property. These

lights use much less energy, generate less heat and

last much longer than incandescent bulbs. The

amount of exterior up-lighting is minimized to limit light pollution. The same

system that senses occupancy and adjusts thermostats in the guest rooms also

turns off the lights when the rooms are

unoccupied.

At the hotel, the use of solar energy is maximized

by covering roofs with the most efficient solar

panels available. This 200-kilowatt solar energy

system provides approximately one-half the

total electrical energy requirement of the

property. The solar panels lie flat on the

rooftops, invisible to surrounding properties.

REUSE OF MATERIAL

The stone featured on both the exterior and interior of the building was

recycled from the stone blocks of an old wine cellar on the property -The stone

is a local limestone called Tufa.

The large blocks of the Tufa

stone have been sliced into

tiles and used on both the

exterior and interior of

public spaces.

Salvaged Monterey Cypress has been milled

into siding used on the exterior of several

buildings. These are trees that otherwise would

have been ground up or burned. Walnut trees

have been milled into the hotel's flooring,

rather than being burned. Veneers of the

Walnut grace the entry doors into the guest

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rooms and to several public rooms. Redwood recycled from wine casks has been

used on the ceilings of some of the public spaces within the hotel, and on several

public room doors. Salvaged California Bay trees have become cut slabs for the

desks in the guest rooms. The large tables in the public areas and dining room

tables have all come from salvaged trees. The concrete used on the property has

significant recycled fly ash content and the steel has a high recycled content.

Many of the materials are sourced from within 500 miles of the project site to

reduce the environmental impacts of deliveries. Landscaped features and

permanent signage structures are made from rammed earth, celebrating the

soils of Napa Valley.

INDOOR AIR QUALITY

All glues, adhesives, finishes, paints, carpets and

fabrics used at Bardessono are required to meet

low volatile organic compounds (VOC) standards

to vastly improve indoor air quality. Prior to

putting furniture into the rooms, the rooms were

ventilated with fans for several hours to remove

residual construction odours. The fabrics used on

interior furnishings are green certified. The use of plastic is minimized.

Carpeting is certified "Green Label." Porcelain and concrete tiles are made of

natural materials that can be recycled. The glass tiles have high recycled glass

content. The linens and terry used in the guest rooms are all made from organic

fibres. Carpeting and draperies, which often harbour dust mites and odours, are

not used in the guest rooms.

LOW WATER USE

Indoors, bathroom fixtures with low water flow

have been installed, along with dual flush toilets

and waterless urinals. Outdoors, native and

drought tolerant plants have been chosen for

landscaping in order to minimize water demand. In turn, the drip irrigation

system is also designed for maximum efficiency, minimizing water waste. All

grey and black water is treated and recycled for irrigation use by the Town of

Yountville.

CREEKSIDE PROTECTION

Development is held back from the creek a minimum of 35

feet and the area in between is landscaped with native

riparian plants. The goal is to create a healthy vegetative

environment for native animals and fish, as well as

minimize any silting of the creek through runoff.

CONSTRUCTION WASTE

The general contractor set up a system to recycle project

waste materials while the project was under construction.

Amazingly they were able to recycle over 93 percent of

construction waste generated during this time. All the

subcontractors were similarly involved in recycling their

waste.

COMPOST

Bardessono has an effective recycling and

composting program. All planted areas are

managed organically; vegetable food waste is

composted in an “Earth Tub” and reused as

organic compost for maintaining landscaped

areas.

By minimizing impacts of construction and design and integrating the most

advanced environmental technologies, they charted an aggressive

environmental course.

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SUMMARY

Green architecture is an essential component of sustainable design,

incorporated into its surroundings and taking into consideration the

natural environment, while sustainable architecture is a whole-systems

approach that encompasses the notion of green building but also

addresses broader social, ethical, and economic issues, as well as the

community context of buildings.

The three categories that make up the concept of “green” are

sustainable, ecological, and performance. Linked to each category are the

essential components and values that further define and isolate them.

These definitions assign meaning to a construct by specifying the

activities or “operations” necessary to measure it.

CONCLUSION

As more people have become concerned about the wise use of the

planet's resources, the concept of green architecture has gained in both

acceptability and interest. It is interesting to observe one of the trends that is

currently developing in architecture “the green designs”. Although building eco-

friendly edifices are expensive, it will save more in the long run. The money

saved through the amount of rainfall collected and the amount of electricity

usage reduced will even out the cost of building it in a short time. While the

process of creating green architecture may be more difficult in some areas, there

is no doubt that just about any structure can be altered or designed to be more

environmentally friendly.

RECOMMENDATION

Green Architecture does a lot of benefits to the environment, people, and

community. Like in smaller buildings, wherein it is economically feasible,

efficient, and requires low maintenance, it uses less material, need less energy,

and produces less waste. Design should focus on small, yet functional and

ecologically sensitive buildings by conserving space and preserving the

environment.

Also, focusing on using durable, low-maintenance, recyclable, and economical

materials and technologies are recommended. Using abundant, local elements,

with little to no transportation costs is preferable. Materials and technologies

should consist of low-emission, no pollutant elements with low manufacturing

impacts.

Buildings should rely on sustainable resources, such as energy and water,

focusing on supplying their own gray water and power. Planning should also

consider the climatic conditions for their favor and benefit from them, such as

sun, wind, and water. The buildings should be accessible to public

transportation (and bicycle paths) to reduce private vehicle use, to save energy,

and to reduce air pollution.

By taking ecological issues into account, buildings should be designed and

constructed in the right places and in the right way, for the benefit of both the

occupants and the ecological resources.

Implementation of global stewardship must take into consideration by acting

locally and thinking globally. Use local resources as much as possible by

reducing the embodied energy of the building products, and by considering

global ecological consequences of their actions.

The location and function of the building should contribute to the economic

viability in the area by creating jobs, enhancing property values, and bringing

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other businesses into the area. The material and technological elements of the

building should also be used in a way to reduce the environmental impact of the

building such as absorbing sun rays and CO2 emission from the atmosphere.

To sum up, buildings should be physically, functionally, and socially adaptable to

the environment and perform according to environmental changes. Changes in

climate, social patterns, or trends should not end the building life cycle but give

birth for different uses for the building. The functional and environmental

quality of the building should also be considered as the main design objective.

REFERENCE

http://inhabitat.com/bardessono-napa-valleys-newest-eco-resort/

http://www.bardessono.com/LEED/

http://www.bardessono.com/overview/environmental_initiatives

http://inhabitat.com/bardessono-hotel-awarded-leed-platinum-certification/

Green Architecture pdf by Osman Attaman

http://aryaresidences.com.ph

http://aryaresidencesbgc.com

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5919944_green-architecture-advantages-

disadvantages.html#ixzz2klKUBPLh

http://inhabitat.com/bardessono-napa-valleys-newest-eco-resort/

http://www.bardessono.com/LEED/

http://www.bardessono.com/overview/environmental_initiatives

http://inhabitat.com/bardessono-hotel-awarded-leed-platinum-certification/

http://aryaresidences.com.ph/

http://aryaresidencesbgc.com/

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5919944_green-architecture-advantages-disadvantages.html#ixzz2klKUBPLh

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5919944_green-architecture-advantages-disadvantages.html#ixzz2klKUBPLh

green architecture

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