green design aiu apprenticeship summary / day 1 - life cycle thinking / day 2 - life cycle numerics...
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Green Design AIU Apprenticeship Summary
Green Design AIU Apprenticeship Summary
Day 1 - Life cycle thinking Day 2 - Life cycle numerics Day 3 - Energy & electricity Day 4 - Water Day 5 - Green structures
Day 1 - Life cycle thinking Day 2 - Life cycle numerics Day 3 - Energy & electricity Day 4 - Water Day 5 - Green structures
Bob Barker & The Barker Beauties
Bob Barker & The Barker Beauties
“Bob, Rod, & Beauties” Part II
“Bob, Rod, & Beauties” Part II
Contestant’s AlleyContestant’s Alley
4 people2 from each team
Bidding on 2 items1 bid from each team for each item
WinnerClosest to price without going over
Can have $1 bid
4 people2 from each team
Bidding on 2 items1 bid from each team for each item
WinnerClosest to price without going over
Can have $1 bid
Come on Down!!
The first item up for bid . . .
A New Washing Machine!
Whirlpool Top Loading Washer
Whirlpool Top Loading Washer
Surgilator® agitator, so your entire load gets thoroughly cleaned
5 automatic cycles, 5 temperature options, and 2 water level selections give you the power to choose ideal garment care settings
SpillGuard™ top makes for hassle-free cleanup
Sound insulation package absorbs sound inside the washer to reduce unnecessary racket
Porcelain drum interior is built to hold heavy duty loads for the duration
Designed to match Whirlpool dryer models
Surgilator® agitator, so your entire load gets thoroughly cleaned
5 automatic cycles, 5 temperature options, and 2 water level selections give you the power to choose ideal garment care settings
SpillGuard™ top makes for hassle-free cleanup
Sound insulation package absorbs sound inside the washer to reduce unnecessary racket
Porcelain drum interior is built to hold heavy duty loads for the duration
Designed to match Whirlpool dryer models
The second item up for bid . . .
A New Washing Machine!
Whirlpool Front Loading Washer
Whirlpool Front Loading Washer
ENERGY STAR® compliant
AccuWash™ temperature control system
Catalyst® cleaning action with
8 automatic cycles, 4 speeds and 3 temperature selections
Add-A-Garment
3-tray detergent, bleach and fabric softener dispenser accepts liquid in the pre-wash
Quiet Wash Plus noise reduction system
Delay wash feature Child lock helps keep little
hands safe Stainless-steel wash basket 3.3 ft3
ENERGY STAR® compliant
AccuWash™ temperature control system
Catalyst® cleaning action with
8 automatic cycles, 4 speeds and 3 temperature selections
Add-A-Garment
3-tray detergent, bleach and fabric softener dispenser accepts liquid in the pre-wash
Quiet Wash Plus noise reduction system
Delay wash feature Child lock helps keep little
hands safe Stainless-steel wash basket 3.3 ft3
Top Loading Washer
Top Loading Washer
Front LoadingFront Loading Washer Washer
And And the the
Actual Actual Retail Retail
Price IsPrice Is
. . . .. . . .
Top Loading Washer
Top Loading Washer
Top Loading Washer
Top Loading Washer
$300$300
Top Loading Top Loading
Front LoadingFront Loading WasherWasher
$300$300
Top Loading Top Loading
Front LoadingFront Loading
$300$300
$1,000$1,000
Which Washer to Buy?Which Washer to Buy?
CostOften single attribute that dominates
Influenced by manufacturers’ claims ?
What else should you consider?
CostOften single attribute that dominates
Influenced by manufacturers’ claims ?
What else should you consider?
Washer Water UseWasher Water Use
Don’t Pour on the Floor!Don’t Pour on the Floor!
2 contestants 2 contestants
How much water does a washer How much water does a washer use per load?use per load?
Top loading washerTop loading washer Front loading washerFront loading washer
Pour into container until you reach Pour into container until you reach correct amountcorrect amount
Each cup = 2 gallonsEach cup = 2 gallons
Winner is closest without going Winner is closest without going overover
Top LoadingTop Loading
Front LoadingFront Loading
Team ATeam A
Team BTeam B
How How many many
gallons gallons of water of water per loadper load
??????
Who is Closest?Who is Closest?
Top LoadingTop Loading
Front LoadingFront Loading
And the And the answer answer is . . .is . . .
Top LoadingTop Loading
How How many many
gallons gallons of water of water per loadper load
??????
Top LoadingTop Loading37 gallons37 gallons
How How many many
gallons gallons of water of water per loadper load
??????
Top LoadingTop Loading
Front LoadingFront Loading
37 gallons37 gallons
How How many many
gallons gallons of water of water per loadper load
??????
Top LoadingTop Loading
Front LoadingFront Loading
37 gallons37 gallons
19 gallons19 gallons
How How many many
gallons gallons of water of water per loadper load
??????
Which Washer to Buy?Which Washer to Buy?
CostCost Manufacturers’ claims ?Manufacturers’ claims ?
Water ConsumptionWater Consumption Cost of waterCost of water
• ~$0.007 / gallon~$0.007 / gallon Volume consumedVolume consumed Implications for energy useImplications for energy use
• Heating waterHeating water
Electricity
It’s Electric(Boogie Woogie Woogie)
2 contestants
How much does electricity cost? Put generation types in order from highest to lowest cost
Once ordered, estimate price of high and low type ¢/kWh
kWh = 1 kW * 1 hr
Rank from Highest to Lowest Price
CoalHydro
NuclearNatural Gas
Wind
Solar
Rank from Highest to Lowest Price
CoalHydro
NuclearNatural Gas
Wind
Solar
Average U.S. Electricity Price: 7.32 ¢/kWh
And the answer is . . .
Solar Nuclear Wind Natural Gas Coal Hydro
Answer
Solar Nuclear Wind Natural Gas Coal Hydro
Answer
25.0013.50 6.00 5.50 4.50 1.25
¢ / kWh
Electricity Discussion Externalities factoring into cost
Transmission Infrastructure Fuel
Average cost to produce = 7.32 ¢/kWh Average cost to buy 5.5 ¢/kWh
Top loading washer uses 1.36 kWh / cycle
Emissions
Emissions from Electricity Generation
Mission: Emissions
2 contestants
How much CO2 do the various generation types produce?
Put them in order from highest to lowest CO2 emissions
Once ordered, give emission of high and low type
Tons of CO2 / GWh
Rank from Highest to Lowest Emissions
Coal
Hydro
Nuclear
Natural Gas
Wind
Solar
Rank from Highest to Lowest Emissions
Coal
Hydro
Nuclear
Natural Gas
Wind
SolarAverage = 450 tons COAverage = 450 tons CO22/GWh/GWh
(0.9 lbs CO(0.9 lbs CO22/kWh)/kWh)
Answer
Coal
Natural Gas
Solar
Wind
Hydro
Nuclear
Answer (tons CO2 / GWh)
Coal 1,100 tons/GWh
Natural Gas 440 tons/GWh
Solar 100 tons/GWh
Wind 100 tons/GWh
Hydro 10 tons/GWh
Nuclear 0 tons/GWh
Solar and Wind assumes backup by Natural Gas for 20%
Other Air EmissionsEmissions (tons / GWh)
Average
Coal Plant
Average Natural
Gas Plant
Wind and Solar (Assuming 20%
natural gas backup)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 1,100.0 440.0 100.00
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 6.7 0.3 0.05
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) 3.4 0.6 0.02
Particulate Matter (PM) 9.1 0.1
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 0.2
Hydrocarbons 0.2
Bergerson, J. and Lave, L. Carnegie Mellon University, 2002
Not all pollutants are equal…Estimated External Costs
($/ton of air emissions)
Minimum Mean Maximum
Global Warming Potential (in CO2 equiv)
$ 2 $ 13$ 13 $ 23
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) $ 220 $ 2,800$ 2,800 $ 9,500
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) $ 770 $ 2,000$ 2,000 $ 4,700
Particulate Matter (PM10) $ 950 $ 4,300$ 4,300 $ 16,200
Carbon Monoxide (CO) $ 1 $ 520$ 520 $ 1,050
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
$ 160 $ 1,600$ 1,600 $ 4,400
Matthews, S. and Lave, L. Carnegie Mellon University, 2000
Emissions Costing Discussion
Sometimes it’s good to look at emissions separately
Can match health effects to emissions
Valuation of externalitiesGets everything into the same unit
Easy way to compare
Monetizing externalitiesDifficult Can be controversial
Which Washer to Buy?
CostManufacturer’s claimsWaterElectricity / Energy
CostTo run machine & heat waterAmount consumedEmissions
Who pays for it?
Other issues?
Contestant’s AlleyContestant’s Alley
2 contestants
Bidding on 2 items1 bid from each team for each item
WinnerClosest to price without going over
Can have $1 bid
2 contestants
Bidding on 2 items1 bid from each team for each item
WinnerClosest to price without going over
Can have $1 bid
Contestant’s AlleyContestant’s Alley
Rebid on washers
Consider life cycle costs
Rebid on washers
Consider life cycle costs
Top Loading Washer
Top Loading Washer
Front LoadingFront Loading Washer Washer
Important Considerations
Important Considerations Assuming usage by a family of 4
Washer lifetime (DOE)12 years
Loads of laundry per week?8 for top loader4 for front loader
IncludeRetail price of washerCost of waterCost of electricityCost of CO2 emissions
Assuming usage by a family of 4
Washer lifetime (DOE)12 years
Loads of laundry per week?8 for top loader4 for front loader
IncludeRetail price of washerCost of waterCost of electricityCost of CO2 emissions
Top Loading Washer
Top Loading Washer
Front LoadingFront Loading Washer Washer
And And the the
Actual Actual Life Life
Cycle Cycle Cost IsCost Is
. . . .. . . .
Top Loading Washer
Top Loading Washer
Top Loading Washer
Top Loading Washer
$2,005$2,005
Top Loading Top Loading
Front LoadingFront Loading WasherWasher
$2,005$2,005
Top Loading Top Loading
Front LoadingFront Loading
$2,005$2,005
$1,415$1,415
Life Cycle Cost Breakdown
Life Cycle Cost Breakdown
COSTTop
Loading
Front Loading
Purchase $ 300
$ 1,000
Water $ 1,293
$ 332
Electricity $ 372
$ 75
Emissions $ 40
$ 8
TOTAL $ 2,005
$ 1,415
# of Loads 4,992 2,496
Which Washer to Buy?Which Washer to Buy? Initial Cost Manufacturer’s claims Water Electricity / Energy Social Cost Decision-making must consider many thingsLife cycle perspective involves tradeoffs
Upfront $ vs. long term resource usage
Initial Cost Manufacturer’s claims Water Electricity / Energy Social Cost Decision-making must consider many thingsLife cycle perspective involves tradeoffs
Upfront $ vs. long term resource usage
Showcase Showdown!Showcase Showdown!
Showcase Showdown Rules
Showcase Showdown Rules
Two showcases
Showcase 1: Team B
Showcase 2: Team A
How to formulate your bid
Closest bidder wins
Two showcases
Showcase 1: Team B
Showcase 2: Team A
How to formulate your bid
Closest bidder wins
Showcase LayoutShowcase Layout
Two showcases Showcase 1: Team B
Showcase 2: Team A
Two bidsAnnual costCO2 emissions (lbs)
Two showcases Showcase 1: Team B
Showcase 2: Team A
Two bidsAnnual costCO2 emissions (lbs)
Showcase 1Showcase 1
Showcase 1: CaseyShowcase 1: Casey
Showcase 1: CaseyShowcase 1: Casey
Showcase 1: Casey
Showcase 1: Casey
Showcase 1: CaseyShowcase 1: Casey
Showcase 1: CaseyShowcase 1: Casey
Showcase 2Showcase 2
Showcase 1: JamieShowcase 1: Jamie
Showcase 1: JamieShowcase 1: Jamie
Showcase 1: JamieShowcase 1: Jamie
Showcase 1: JamieShowcase 1: Jamie
Showcase 1: JamieShowcase 1: Jamie
Showcase SummaryShowcase SummaryShowcase 1 Showcase 2
Casey Jamie
House Size 1,900 ft2 1,300 ft2
Year Built 1970 1900
Average Appliance Age 5 15
Washer Front Loading Top Loading
Distance to Downtown 15 miles 5 miles
Transport Bus Personal Car
How to BidHow to Bid
Estimate annual living expenses
Estimate annual transport expenses
Estimate associated CO2 emissions for both
Estimate annual living expenses
Estimate annual transport expenses
Estimate associated CO2 emissions for both
Important Considerations
Important Considerations Estimate annual living expenses
Assume house is owned Electricity Natural Gas
Estimate annual transport expenses Personal vehicle
Fuel costVehicle costInsuranceMaintenance
Bus Fare
Estimate associated CO2 emissions for both
Estimate annual living expenses Assume house is owned Electricity Natural Gas
Estimate annual transport expenses Personal vehicle
Fuel costVehicle costInsuranceMaintenance
Bus Fare
Estimate associated CO2 emissions for both
Showcase BidShowcase BidShowcase 1 Showcase 2
Casey Jamie
Cost
CO2 (lbs)
Annual cost and CO2 (lbs) estimateAnnual cost and CO2 (lbs) estimate
Showcase BidShowcase BidShowcase 1 Showcase 2
Casey Jamie
Cost $ 3,270
$ 3,560
CO2 (lbs)
Annual cost and CO2 (lbs) estimateAnnual cost and CO2 (lbs) estimate
Showcase BidShowcase BidShowcase 1 Showcase 2
Casey Jamie
Cost $ 3,270
$ 3,560
CO2 (lbs) 10,900 7,500
Annual cost and CO2 (lbs) estimateAnnual cost and CO2 (lbs) estimate
Annual Usage BreakdownAnnual Usage Breakdown
Casey Jamie
Electricity (kWh)
7,700 3,500
Natural Gas (MCF)
77 49
Travel264
gallons1 bus pass
Annual Cost BreakdownAnnual Cost Breakdown
Casey Jamie
Electricity $ 916
$ 417
Natural Gas $ 1,529
$ 928
Travel $ 825
$ 2,220
TOTAL $ 3,270
$ 3,564
Annual CO2 Emissions Breakdown (lbs)
Annual CO2 Emissions Breakdown (lbs)
Casey Jamie
Electricity 6,949 3,167
Natural Gas 3,855 2,445
Travel 122 1,892
TOTAL 10,926 7,504
DiscussionDiscussion
What other lifestyle choices might affect your economic and environmental impacts?
What other lifestyle choices might affect your economic and environmental impacts?
DiscussionDiscussion
What other lifestyle choices might affect your economic and environmental impacts?
DietVegetarian?Local?Organic?
Non-work transportLeisure activitiesWhere you shop
Online vs. in store
What other lifestyle choices might affect your economic and environmental impacts?
DietVegetarian?Local?Organic?
Non-work transportLeisure activitiesWhere you shop
Online vs. in store
Thanks for playing!Thanks for playing!
What next?What next? What is your role in green design?
Career as engineer/researcher/policy maker? Everyday life
Many complex problems to solve Nanotechnology, genetically modified organisms, cloning, biowarfare
Technology, economics, policy, social perspectives, cultural differences
Essential to consider entire life cycle Resources: materials, water, energy Impacts: environment, health
What is your role in green design? Career as engineer/researcher/policy maker? Everyday life
Many complex problems to solve Nanotechnology, genetically modified organisms, cloning, biowarfare
Technology, economics, policy, social perspectives, cultural differences
Essential to consider entire life cycle Resources: materials, water, energy Impacts: environment, health
What next?What next?Answer four questions
Encourage classmates and teachers to apply to next year’s program
Fill out the evaluation form they send you in the mail.
Thanks for coming!
Answer four questions
Encourage classmates and teachers to apply to next year’s program
Fill out the evaluation form they send you in the mail.
Thanks for coming!
PIR NametagPIR Nametag