green growth action plan for an giang province in …

GREEN GROWTH ACTION PLAN FOR AN GIANG PROVINCE IN THE PERIOD 2016 - 2020Support for Developing the An Giang’s Green Growth Action Plan

Integrated Coastal Management Program

Green Growth Action Plan for An Giang province

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Abbreviations

AP Action Plan

ARD Agriculture and Rural Development

BAU Business-As-Usual Scenario

C-S-T Cultural- Sport- Tourism

C&E Conservation and efficiency

CC Climate Change

CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp

CH4 Methane

CM Construction Material

CO2 Carbon dioxide

COP Conference of Parties

CP Cleaner Production

EMS Energy Management System

Ent Enterprise

EP Environmental Protection

ES Energy savings

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

GDP Gross Domestic Production

GG Green Growth

GGS Green Growth Strategy

GHG Greenhouse Gas

GRDP Gross Regional Domestics Production

GWP Global Warming Potential

I&P Investment and Planning

Ind Industry

INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contributions

IndC Industrial Cluster

IndZ Industrial zone


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IPCC International Panel on Climate Change

IPM Integrated Pests Management

LB Local budget

LED Light Emitting Diode

MACC Marginal Abatement Cost Curve

MKD Mekong Delta

MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

MW Megawatt

N2O Nitrous oxide

NR New Rural

NT National Target

ODA Official Development Assistance

PPC Public People’s Committee

Prodt Production

RE Renewable Energy

RSW Residential Solid Waste

S&T Science and Technology

SB State Budget

SE Solar Energy

SW Solid Waste

tCO2 Ton of CO2

tCO2e Ton of CO2 equivalent

TV Television

UNFCCC United Nation Framework on Climate Change Convention

USD United States Dollar

VGGS Vietnam’s Green Growth Strategy

VND Vietnam Dong

VS Vietnam Standard

WMS Waste Management System


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CONTENTS

PART 1: ORIENTATION ON GREEN GROWTH TO 2020 6

1.1 Context and requirements in the new period 6

1.2 Requirements to improve competitiveness, resource efficiency, green growth,

climate change response and sustainable development

8

1.3 Goals and orientations of the Green Growth Action Plan in the period 2016 -

2020

9

PART 2: GREEN GROWTH SOLUTIONS TO 2020 12

2.1 Group of solutions on capacity and institutional building 12

2.2 Group of solutions on awareness raising 12

2.3 Group of solutions on GHG emission intensity reduction 13

2.4 Group of solutions on greening the production 14

2.5 Group of solutions on greening lifestyles and promoting sustainable

consumption 14

PART 3: TARGET PROGRAMS AND KEY PROJECTS ON GREEN GROWTH 16

3.1 Group of tasks and projects on capacity and institution improvement 16

3.2 Group of tasks and projects on awareness raising 16

3.3 Group of tasks and projects on GHG emission reduction 17

3.4 Group of tasks and projects on greening the production 18

3.5 Group of tasks and projects on greening lifestyles and promoting sustainable

consumption 19

PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION 20

4.1 Provincial People’s Committee (PPC) 20

4.2 Department of Planning and Investment (DPI) 20

4.3 Department of Finance (DOF) 20

4.4 Department of Science and Technology (DOST) 20

4.5 Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) 20


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4.6 Department of Industry and Trade (DOIT) 21

4.7 Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) 21

4.8 Department of Transportation (DOT) 21

4.9 Department of Construction (DOC) 21

4.10 Department of Information and Communication (DOIC) 21

4.11 Other departments, sectors and district PCs 22

4.12 Political and social organizations, social and professional organizations 22

APPENDIX 1: LIST OF PROGRAMS, PROJECTS, ACTION PLANS OF GREEN

GROWTH IN THE PERIOD 2016-2020 23

1. Prioritized programs and projects on GHG emission reduction and clean and

renewable energy

23

2. Prioritized projects on greening the production 27

3. Prioritized programs and projects on greening the lifestyle and sustainable

consumption 28

APPENDIX 2: ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT STATUS OF AN GIANG’S

DEVELOPMENT WITH REGARD TO GREEN GROWTH 29

Part 1: Introduction 29

Part 2: Existing Situation Of An Giang Socio-Economic Development 35

Part 3: Natural Resources and Environment 45

Part 4: Achievements And Limitations In Implementing Green Growth Strategy 51

APPENDIX 3: POTENTIAL GHG EMISSION REDUCTION IN AN GIANG

PROVINCE 60

3.1 Situation and trends of emission in An Giang province 60

3.2 List of proposed GHG emission reduction solutions 61

3.3 Results of calculating potential of GHG emission reduction according to sectors 66


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PART 1: ORIENTATION ON GREEN GROWTH TO 2020

1.1 Context and requirements in the new period

According to the socio-economic development master plan of An Giang province by 2020, the province

will develop towards “Accelerating sustainable economic growth developing the economy in line with

natural resources and environment protection, and climate change adaptation”.

The development scenario of the province by 2020 indicates that An Giang province will achieve the socio-

economic growth rate which is higher than the average rate of the region, combining industrialization of

agriculture, modernization of rural areas and expansion of urbanization areas, key economic and

industrial areas, and participation of the service sector.

In the period 2016-2020, the average economic growth of the province is aimed at 7% annually; GRDP per

capital by 2020 at USD 2,266. The economy is restructured under the orientation of Commerce-Service

and Industry–Construction sectors taking more shares of the economy while the share of Agriculture

getting smaller. The Commerce–Service is planned to account for 54.81%, while Agriculture–Forestry–

Fishery decrease to 27.97% and Industry–Construction increase to 15.63% by 2020.

Agricultural development aims to produce mass products, with rice and fish as strategic products, to apply

science-technology (S&T) and mechanical cultivation methods, to produce high quality agriculture

products. Aquaculture is one of the key economic sectors, with main and strategic products such as

pangasius catfish and basa catfish. In the next period, the agriculture sector is required to develop

sustainably, to comply with the agriculture development plan and to apply high technologies. Besides, the

agricultural development will be linked with solutions to water scarcity risks due to climate change and

water consumption activities in the upstream of the Mekong River.

The development of industry and small-scale industry is planned to take place within centralized

industrial zones and some other industrial or small industrial zones. It is expected that industrial zones in

the province will be fully developed by 2020. Key industries of the province include (1) Food and fishery

processing: most of agricultural and fishery products are to be processed before entering the market; (2)

Manufacturing and mechanical industry to support mostly for rice seeding, harvesting, and drying; (3)

Mining and construction material industry will be enhanced in terms of modern technologies and

equipment, and high quality construction materials. The small-scale handicraft industry will develop to

meet the demands of the tourism industry and local citizens.

Commerce and service will be promoted towards diversifying commercial patterns, improving

infrastructure, and expending domestic and exporting markets. All economic components are encouraged

to participate in potential areas. Markets in rural, mountainous and bordering areas will be effectively

explored. Tourism is expected to be a key sector of the province; the tourism sector develops towards

products and forms diversification and quality improvement. The province is expected to attract 6.5

million visitors by 2020. Different tourism types will be developed, including sight-seeing, leisure, eco-

tourism, sport, entertainment, cultural, and religious tourisms, and etc.


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In order to meet the above mentioned development targets, An Giang province has both favourable

conditions and difficulties.

Strengths and development opportunities

An Giang has geographical and socio-economic advantages. It is bordered with Cambodia where,

international border gates are located; and,has both strategic waterways and roadways for the whole

country and the Mekong Delta. An Giang province is the bridge connecting the Mekong Delta, South East

Region to other countries in the region. The province’s location has a comparative advantage for the

provincial socio-economic development, with the potential of a linkage centre to attract development

investments and resources from the Mekong Delta region as well as outside the region.

The GRDP growth rate and GRDP income per capital of An Giang province have been growing in recent

years. The economic structure has been positively changed; the agricultural structure has been developed

into polyculture and diversification of products. The industry of agriculture, forestry and fishery

processing has been expanding in term of scale, technology innovation, contributing to promotion of

commodity economy and increase in exporting values.

The transportation network of the province is considerably equally distributed, connecting Long Xuyen

city to districts, towns and economic centres of the province. Waterways, especially the waterway routes

of Hau River are convenient. These are favourable conditions for expanding economic exchange not only

with other provinces in the Mekong Delta, but also with neighbouring countries such as Laos and

Cambodia.

Climate conditions, soil and water resources of the province are diverse, which can contribute to the

comprehensive development of the agriculture, forestry and fishery sectors. In fact, An Giang province is

one of key agricultural provinces, with the strength of productive and high quality food crops, fishery

exploitation and aquaculture. Besides, An Giang has mountainous areas with favourable conditions for the

development of eco-tourism and cultural-historical tourism.

An Giang is located in the upstream area, bordered with Cambodia; the mountainous topography allows

the development and growth of watershed forests which contribute to GHG emission reduction,

environmental protection and climate change adaptation.

The labour force is young and diverse. If they are well-trained, they will be the driver for the development

of the province.

In summary, the above mentioned strengths will bring the opportunity for the province to sustainably

develop its agriculture and tourism sectors which get significant attention at national and regional levels.

Through the promotion and development of commerce, transportation and logistics and other relevant

sectors, the province will enhance the integration with other provinces and other countries.

Limitations and challenges

The provincial economic structure is modest, with a large proportion of the Agriculture – Forestry –

Aquaculture sector. Most of the local people work in the agriculture sector, with low productivity and

limited skills, which creates small added values. The agricultural and rural economy is impetuous and

unsustainable. The province’s economy largely depends on the agriculture sector, meanwhile key


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products of the province such as agriculture, forestry and fishery products are facing with difficulties of

competition from domestic and international markets.

The industry sector contributes inconsiderably to the economic structure, mostly from the agricultural

products processing industry. The applied technologies are backward. Industrial zones and industrial

clusters are invested slowly, which suspends the industrial growth rate.

The province’s infrastructure is limited and asynchronous, especially the roadways. The traffic capacity of

roadways is lower than the national average. The internal connection capacity of the provincial roadway is

not high. Particularly, the connection capacity between key economic zones and remote areas is limited.

The business and investment environment has not been improved; low competitive capacity is the barrier

for attracting investments in An Giang province. The competitive capacity indicators including market

entry cost, land access, private business support service, time cost for administration procedures in An

Giang province rank low.

The rate of trained labourers in the province is low; the number of skilled workers with high profession is

insignificant. Therefore, An Giang province has to face with the shortage of human resources to meet the

provincial demands of “green and clean” development. The professional training system of the province is

limited, with inadequate training contents and quality. The existing training system has not met the

demand of high quality human resources for key economies, especially for the clean energy sector and the

tourism industry.

The province’s natural conditions have not been well explored to develop key economic sectors. Both

natural and social conditions have not been promoted to support the development of the tourism

industry, despite it is identified as one of the key economic sectors of the province.

Different types of renewable energy such as biomass electricity and solar power have not fully developed

according to their potentials.

As a province is greatly affected by severe events of climate change such flood, salt intrusion and

landslide, however, climate change resilience in the province is limited. Therefore, natural disasters are

still great threats to economic growth and sustainable development of the province.

Intellectual level and awareness on environmental protection and natural resources of a majority of local

people are low; the force of technical staffs and environmental managers are in shortage of quality and

quantity. The awareness and participation of the non-state economic sectors in green growth is limited.

1.2 Requirements to improve competitiveness, resource efficiency, green growth, climate change response and sustainable development

According to the provincial socio-economic development master plan by 2020, the province will develop

from the current state to an economy with a medium socio-economic growth rate in the region,

comprehensively develop the economic infrastructure, culture-society, and education-training, gradually

enhance local people living conditions, promote global integration, and strengthen development linkages,

especially with other provinces in the Mekong Delta and the Southern key economic region.


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Apart from efforts of promoting the development of different economic sectors, in order to achieve the

expected goals, it is essential for the province to improve its competitiveness, resource efficiency and

climate change resilience, including:

Economically, the development of different economic sectors needs to be closely collaborated

with Green Growth (GG) activities, clean and renewable energy development, sustainable

production and consumption, and sustainable agriculture and rural development. Economic

activities should be developed towards cleaner production, reduction of GHG emission, and

mitigation of environmental impacts. The application of modern technology is a vital requirement

to reduce energy and resource consumption, and pollution. Agriculture development with the

application of high technology and environmental friendly technology will ensure the

development of An Giang province towards the mass and high quality agriculture production.

Socially, it is necessary to concentrate on social progress and equity; hunger eradication and

poverty reduction; stabilise the population in terms of scale and quality improvement;

sustainable development (SD) of urban areas, new rural construction, appropriately distribute

the population and the labour according to regions; improve education and training quality so as

to improve awareness and professional quality to meet the development requirements of the

nation, the region and the province.

Regarding the management of resources, environment and climate change response, the province

needs to properly exploit and economically and sustainably use land resources, prevent soil

degradation; protect and sustainably use water resources; protect and expand forest cover;

reduce air pollution and water pollution in large urban areas and industrial zones; ensure

effective management mechanisms of wastes, particularly solid waste and wastewater, improve

awareness and participation of stakeholders in environmental protection and green growth

activities.

Regarding the completion of institutional framework for sustainable development and green

growth, in order to promote the implementation of green growth, in the near future, the

institutional and policy framework on GG and SD needs to be completed to integrate GG and SD

goals into strategies, action plans and master plans at the national, regional and local levels; it is

necessary to promote education, propagation, and awareness raising on GG and SD, to train and

enhance the management capability on GG and SD for managers at enterprises, political- social-

professional associations and communities.

1.3 Goals and orientations of the Green Growth Action Plan in the period 2016 -

2020

1.3.1 Vision

Green growth plays an important role in the orientation towards rapid and sustainable socio-

economic development of An Giang province, which is the provincial commitment to implement

the National Strategy on Green Growth and Climate Change Response.

Green growth is in line with the economic growth transformation and restructuring towards

effectively exploiting provincial potentials and comparative advantages, promoting economic

integration, enhancing the connection to other provinces in the Mekong region and other regions

and provinces in the country.


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Green growth is implemented on the basis of extensive investment on conservation, development

and effective consumption of natural resources, GHG emission reduction, environmental quality

improvement, which will eventually boost the economic growth.

Green growth is implemented by human and for human, contributing to job creation, hunger

eradication, poverty reduction, livelihoods improvement, both in emotional and physical aspects,

environmental friendly lifestyle encouragement and sustainable consumption.

Green growth is developed to be suitable for the socio-economic development orientations of the

province, the region and the country, being in line with strategies, development master plans of

relevant sectors.

Green growth activities ensure the combination of immediate requirements and long-term

benefits, prepare specific and proper steps with breakthroughs and identify priorities, which can

be adjustable to be suitable for new situation and context, taking into consideration of the

interdisciplinary and interregional connections, meeting the demand of experience sharing within

the province and at the national level.

In the provincial GGAP, the role of stakeholders including government agencies, social and civil

associations, and communities are identified.

1.3.2 General objectives

The general objectives are to effectively implement the National Strategy on Green Growth and to

promote a rapid and sustainable economic growth, particularly developing key economic sectors to be

greener, towards the low carbon economy, increasing GHG absorption, energy and resource efficiency,

and enriching national capitals. The construction of infrastructure is synchronous and gradually

modernized. The environmental quality, living standards and landscape quality are improved, aiming at

environmental friendly lifestyles and enhancing climate change adaptation.

1.3.3 Specific targets

GHG emission reduction by 2020

Reducing the GHG emission intensity by 16.7% compared to the BAU scenario, in which the voluntary

emission reduction is 10.4%, and the remaining emission reduction will be achieved with further national

and international supports.

Greening the production

Establishing and developing the “green economy” structure on the basis of promoting economic

sectors to apply modern technologies and to create substantial added values, to use land and

water resources more effectively, and to adapt to climate change.

Transforming the economic structure of the province to increase the share of the Industry –

Service sector, decrease the composition of the Agriculture sector, while ensuring that the

Agriculture is still the key economic sector, to green the existing sectors and encourage the

development of economic sectors that promote energy and resource efficiency and conservation

and create high added values.

It is planned that by 2020:


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100% of existing industrial zones will be installed with centralized wastewater treatment

system which meets the environmental standards;

80% of industrial zones and industrial clusters, and 50% of craft villages will be installed

with the standardized solid waste collection and treatment system;

85% of domestic solid waste will be treated according to standards;

80% of manufacturing facilities and business will meet the environmental standards, 50%

of which will apply clean and environmental friendly technologies;

Investment on development of environmental protection supporting sectors and

enrichment of the natural capital will constitute 3 - 4% GDP.

Greening lifestyles and promoting sustainable consumption

Environmental friendly lifestyles develop through creating green jobs in different sectors including

industry, agriculture, service, investments on natural capital, and development of green socio-economic

infrastructure. It is planned that by 2020:

50% of communes will meet the environment sanitary standards according to new rural

indicators.

90% of medical waste will be collected and treated according to environmental standards;

90% of urban solid waste and 70% of rural solid waste will be collected, 60% of which will

be reused, recycled or re-manufactured into fertilizer.

85% of nylon bags used in supermarkets, shopping centres will be reduced compared to

that of 2015.

100% of local people will have basic knowledge and awareness on responding and

adapting to climate change.

100% of urban areas have standardized green areas.

The green coverage rate (including perennial industrial plants) will be 22.4%.

100% of urban households will have clean water, 90% of rural households will have

sanitary water.


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PART 2: GREEN GROWTH SOLUTIONS TO 2020

2.1 Group of solutions on capacity and institutional building

Reviewing existing legal documents, strategies, master plans and plans of the province to identify

areas which are unsuitable for the goals and orientations of green growth, environmental

protection and climate change adaptation; and to recommend the adjustment and revision which

are considered as an important criterion for the approval of these documents.

Enhancing close collaboration among governmental agencies, governmental authorities and

sectors in implementing tasks and activities to achieve the targets of green growth and

sustainable development.

Completing the governmental authority on environmental protection, climate change response

and green growth implementation to meet practical requirements which are increasingly diverse

and complex.

Developing specific mechanisms and policies on mobilizing and effectively managing both

domestic and international resources for sustainable development and green growth to 2020

with vision to 2030.

Promoting international, multilateral and bilateral collaboration and support on developing the

green development models, ecological models and human resources development for green

growth. Focusing on cooperation on science and technology development with the region.

Enhancing information and data exchange to be used for regular monitoring, evaluation and

reporting of the growth status, environmental and resource management in the locality.

Developing the indicator framework or method for monitoring, evaluating and reporting the

implementation of the Green Growth Strategy and Action Plan of the province.

2.2 Group of solutions on awareness raising

Enhancing the propaganda and information dissemination on sustainable development and green

growth, benefits of energy efficiency and conservation, public transportation and application of

clean and renewable energy, in order to raise awareness of individuals and the community on the

Green Growth Strategy.

Enhancing training, education and skills for staffs and government officers, especially officials at

district and commune levels on sustainable development, climate change response and green

growth.

Promoting training of human resources, particularly human resources for implementing

sustainable development strategy, climate change response and green growth;

Increasing investments in capacity building for the state management system on environmental

protection, sustainable development and green growth, particularly at district and commune

levels.

Studying, selecting and integrating training activities on green growth, green technology and

sustainable resource exploitation into suitable school education levels.


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Mobilizing social – political associations, unions, governmental institutions and the mass media in

improving local community’s awareness on green growth, climate change mitigation and

adaptation. Focusing on improving responsibility awareness and knowledge of business owners,

project investors in urban areas on the importance and requirements of waste registering, regular

report on environmental monitoring, plans on response to environmental accidents, investments

in waste treatment construction, and etc.

2.3 Group of solutions on GHG emission intensity reduction

2.3.1 Solutions in agriculture - forestry - aquaculture

Developing high tech agriculture, organic agriculture, applying cultivation methods that save resources,

particularly soil and water resources to reduce GHG emission from the agriculture sector. Developing a

water resource management system to prevent soil erosion and bleaching; applying water saving

irrigation methods; limiting the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide; transforming the plant and

domestic animal structure to be suitable for soil and climate conditions of the province to improve soil,

water and power efficiency and eventually reduce GHG emissions.

Promoting afforestation and forestry development, increasing the forest cover to expand the carbon sink,

reducing forest loss due to exploitation and economic development. Strategically selecting forest with high

productivity to replant and increase the forest cover. Strictly preventing deforestation. Protecting the

existing forest cover, especially special-use forest and protection forest. Constructing the buffer zones

surrounding the conservation areas to effectively manage the forest.

Ensuring that the infrastructure development will not significantly affect the key conservation areas, will

not negatively impact threatened flora and fauna species; applying exploitation and transportation

methods which cause least impacts to the surrounding environment.

2.3.2 Solutions in industry and energy

Modernizing technologies to reduce consumption of fuels and resources. Applying low carbon

technologies in key industries. Limiting the consumption of fossil fuels by using power operated machines,

enhancing the consumption of bio-fuels to reduce GHG emission. It is planned that by 2020, all industrial

zones and industrial clusters in the province will meet the environmental standards when they are

constructed.

Increasing the power supply for the socio-economic development of the province and improving the

existing power grid, gradually improving the quality of the power grid to reduce power loss.

Developing clean energy and renewable energy sources that An Giang province has the comparative

advantage, such as solar power and biogas.

2.3.3 Solutions in commerce and service

Constructing and improving the roadway transportation infrastructure, improving the connectivity of

different areas in the province, and between An Giang province and other provinces in the region.

Prioritising investments in constructing key transportation lines according to sustainable standards.


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2.4 Group of solutions on greening the production

In An Giang province, green production is conducted through these following methods:

Limiting and decreasing sectors or economic activities which cause large amounts of waste or

environmental pollution (e.g. sand and mineral exploitation for construction materials).

Prioritising development of production sectors which cause insignificant impacts on the

environment and natural resources.

Applying methods to reduce the disposal of waste from production or business activities,

particularly air emission, wastewater and toxic solid waste.

Replacing toxic or non-recyclable materials by less toxic or recyclable materials. Changing the

process or production technology/ equipment to bring higher efficiency or limit GHG emission.

Using modern technologies in exploiting and processing agriculture - forestry – fishery and

minerals in order to increase the exploitation and processing efficiency, and reduce

environmental pollution.

Encouraging enterprises to save power and water and recycle their waste. Constructing

sustainable water supply management plans for different sectors, including reuse, recycling and

treatment of used water. Implementing activities to promote water savings.

Encouraging enterprises to plan and implement the reuse and recycling of waste. Supporting

private investment on reuse and recycling technology of agriculture and mining residues.

Better protecting existing water resources (surface water, ground water). Regularly monitoring

and evaluating pollutants in the supply water to ensure that the concentration does not excess the

allowed limit. Developing the resilience plan against water reduction from the Mekong River.

Managing the industrialization towards natural resources conservation and nature rehabilitation.

Zoning land uses to reduce residential areas along the river or vulnerable areas, including the

application of suitable resettlement mechanism, flood control and water consumption regulation

in different hydrological regimes and periods; improving and expanding the existing irrigation

and water works.

Improving awareness and trainings on energy and water savings in production and business;

integrating the requirements of climate change response into the programs of diversifying

plants and domestic animals; improving cultivation methods, applying the plant seedlings that are

salt-tolerant and flood-tolerant.

Preventing environmental degradation, especially typical phenomenon in An Giang province such

as river bank penetration and erosion. Enhancing reforestation, combining the protection of

watershed protection forest and conservation areas, increasing the forest cover to meet the

ecological safety standards.

2.5 Group of solutions on greening lifestyles and promoting sustainable

consumption

“Green lifestyle” is to improve and promote human life towards environmental friendly ways of living. The

green lifestyle is regulated by individuals’, households’ and communities’ actions. At the national,

provincial and city levels, the green lifestyle is illustrated through the sustainable consumption, collection

and treatment of wastewater, solid waste, safe transportation, greening of urban areas and pollution

prevention.


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In order to promote sustainable consumption, An Giang province needs to improve its people’s and

enterprises’ awareness on their behaviours and ways of production and consumption which bring

benefits to the environment, especially in sectors related to sanitation, management and treatment of

wastewater and solid waste. Examples of green lifestyle solutions are:

Improving the training on the importance of waste reduction and sanitary conditions in urban

and rural areas.

Increasing the accessibility to clean water and/ or sanitary water. Ensuring the compliance with

food safety standards from production, transportation and distribution to the end-user phase.

Expanding the green coverage (tree and vegetation) in urban areas, industrial zones, and

industrial clusters.


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PART 3: TARGET PROGRAMS AND KEY PROJECTS ON GREEN GROWTH

3.1 Group of tasks and projects on capacity and institution improvement

Reviewing provincial legal documents, strategies, development plans, and plans which were

promulgated, in order to identify the contents that are unsuitable for the targets and orientations

on green growth, environmental protection and climate change adaptation; and propose

adjustments and revisions.

Integrating contents of the National Strategy on Green Growth into the socio-economic master

plan and plan.

Planning the rural areas according to environmental friendly standards, increasing green areas,

using green materials and fuels, and energy efficiency.

Reviewing and adjusting the urban planning and the urban design towards “green infrastructure”

in order to achieve a green and sustainable urban which can adapt to climate change and create a

healthy living environment.

Developing policies to encourage agencies, institutions, and enterprises to transfer and apply new

technologies on breeding, manufacturing, processing, and improving the competitiveness of

agriculture and fishery products.

Developing and applying criteria for priority identification of provincial activities, programs and

projects on green growth.

Building the capacity of the state management system to response to climate change and green

growth, environmental treatment, and especially capacity of the lower levels, including districts

and communes.

Building the mechanism for improving information and data exchange activities to be used for

regular monitoring, evaluation and reporting on environmental conditions and green growth.

Developing the criteria framework or methods for monitoring, evaluating and reporting of the

implementation of the green growth strategy and action plan of the province.

Developing mechanisms and policies to attract loans, ODA, and technical assistance from foreign

countries and international organization to implement the green growth strategy. Collaborating

with international support projects which are being and will be implemented to build capacity for

relevant departments and sectors in order to encourage the investments in clean energy,

renewable energy and high tech agriculture.

3.2 Group of tasks and projects on awareness raising

Organising trainings on awareness raising for enterprises, community and local people on cleaner

production, natural resource consumption and energy efficiency.

Organizing training courses and awareness raising programs on climate change, sustainable

development and GHG emission reduction for staffs and officials of departments, sectors,

localities and communities.

Broadly propagandizing and raising awareness on the application of potential clean energy and

renewable energy in the province, including solar energy and biomass energy.


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Organizing campaigns to raise awareness and improve the images of environmental friendly

enterprises, especially of agricultural, industrial, commercial and tourism enterprises.

Integrating lessons on green growth, GHG emission reduction, energy efficiency, green technology

application and sustainable resource exploitation into appropriate school curriculum, political

ideology training programs, and state management training programs at the province.

Developing the curriculum and on-site activities on green growth, climate change response and

sustainable development for pupils and students of the provincial schools.

Publishing the press, banners, TV programs, radio programs and other mass media to raise

awareness and behaviour on green growth, energy efficiency, GHG emission reduction and

sustainable development.

Building human resources for green growth, especially in key economic sectors of the province

such as agriculture, forestry, fishery and tourism.

Organizing preliminary sessions to carefully review and evaluate the achieved results, identify

strengths, weaknesses, causes and responsibilities of each department, sector and locality in the

implementation of green growth. Including the green growth implementation critics into

periodical and final reports of local departments and sectors.

3.3 Group of tasks and projects on GHG emission reduction

3.3.1 Tasks and projects in agriculture, forestry and fishery

Sustainable management of natural protection forest

Natural forest regeneration

Development of production forest

Applying the program of “3 reductions 3 gains” (3R3G) and “1 must 5 reductions” (1M5R) in rice

cultivation

Applying the alternate wetting and drying irrigation method in rice cultivation

Utilizing agricultural residues to make organic fertilizer for rice

Utilizing agricultural residues to make biochar for rice

Utilizing agricultural residues to grow mushroom with application of high technology

Treating animal dung by biogas tanks

Improving the efficiency in fishing and fish breeding

Improving the efficiency of irrigation by advanced irrigation techniques (drip irrigation)

3.3.2 Tasks and projects in civil areas

Developing the sustainable community energy

Using high efficient air conditioner with built-in inverter in urban households

Using LED lights in households

Encouraging solar power water heaters in urban households

Using power saving fridge in households

Developing the solar rooftop power system

3.3.3 Tasks and projects in service and commerce

Energy management in accordance with ISO 50001 in hotel buildings;

Using LED lights for hotels, offices, supermarkets and shopping centres;


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Using LED lights in governmental buildings, schools and restaurants;

Using solar power water heater in small hotels;

Using LED lights for public street lighting.

3.3.4 Tasks and projects in industry, energy and waste treatment

Using energy management system ISO 50001 in food processing

Managing energy according to ISO 50001 in textile and garment industry

Producing non-heat bricks in replacement of traditional bricks

Developing grid-connected solar power plants

Developing grid-connected biomass power plants

Improving the cooling system in the food processing industry

Treating urban waste by different methods: organic treatment, burning, recycling and anaerobic

treatment.

3.3.5 Tasks and projects in transportation

Improving the capacity for freight transportation of the waterway system

Piloting the use of biofuels for transportation vehicles

3.4 Group of tasks and projects on greening the production

The following priorities should be implemented to achieve the goals of green production in An Giang:

Applying clean technologies: building policy mechanism to encourage investments, application

and renewal of high technology in production, especially in the agriculture industry which

currently causes great impacts on the environment in the province. Encouraging and promoting

the transfer of green technology and cleaner production to small and medium enterprises and

households.

Using modern technology in mineral exploitation and processing in order to improve the

exploitation and processing efficiency and reduce emission and environmental pollution.

Reviewing and adjusting production industry master plans towards the limitation and decrease of

major economic emitters or polluters, prioritising environment-friendly sectors, efficiently use

natural and non-natural resources. Considering environmental protection as the first priority

when considering investment projects, not approving investment projects of outdated and

environmental-unfriendly technology and, equipment.

Developing high-tech and organic agriculture: Planning the areas for agriculture, forestry and

fishery production towards sustainable and environmental friendly production. Transforming

planting and domestic animal structure to be suitable for land and soil conditions in order to

improve soil efficiency, water and power savings in irrigation. Improving the application of

biotechnology. Providing information on integrated pest management (IPM). Expanding the

application of advanced technology in storage and processing of agriculture and forestry

products; reusing agricultural residues. Zoning the areas for breeding cattle and poultries with

disease control, sanitary stalls, far away from residential areas, and compliance with the strict

regulations on safe husbandry.

Increasing the green coverage with fruit trees, perennial trees and protection forest.

Developing eco-tourism sustainably with community participation.


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3.5 Group of tasks and projects on greening lifestyles and promoting sustainable consumption

Under existing conditions, An Giang province takes efforts to achieve the “green lifestyle” through

implementing these following priorities:

Constructing sustainable urban areas: Integrating green growth into the provincial socio-

economic development plan. Reviewing the urban planning of Long Xuyen city and other

important urban areas, adjusting these plans according to a “green urban” approach. Ensuring to

increase the rate of waste to be classified and treated, particularly domestic waste and hospital

waste. Increasing investments in improving urban environment quality, technological innovation,

modernization of wastewater collection and treatment facility. Applying high technology on waste

treatment. Improving the protection of the surrounding environment according to green- clean-

beautiful criteria. Putting priority on public land allocation to expand the green areas in urban

areas. New constructing and improving green parks, focusing on green park allocation in central

areas of the city, large residential areas and industrial areas; Reducing the utilization of good

ecological areas to build special-use areas in urban areas.

Continuing to implement the New Rural Program: On the basis of achieved results in the period of

2011-2015, focusing on implementing contents relating to restructuring the agricultural sector

and eight approved master plans. Putting priority on mobilizing investment capitals for target

communes in order to achieve the targets that by 2020 there will be 60/119 communes meeting

the standards of new rural communes (50.42%); no commune achieving below 7 criteria; and at

least 01 district meeting the standards of a new rural district.

Promoting sustainable consumption: Enhancing eco-labelling activities and having campaigns on

environmental friendly products; fostering the program on “green consumption”, power savings,

clean water, packing, and bags; limiting and removing the use of nylon bags in supermarkets,

shopping centres, shops, traditional markets, as well as daily living. Encouraging the consumption

towards saving, recycling, reusing and reducing wastes. Raising public voice to criticize and

handle environmental pollution or GHG emission activities.

Implementing the “green public expenditure” that sets priorities on purchase and use of eco-label,

recyclable, and reusable goods and products for public expenses. The existing regulations on

special consumption tax, environmental protection tax/ fee should be strictly applied in order to

adjust improper consumption behaviours, particularly products that are harmful to human

health, culture and the environment.

Solid waste management: Developing a comprehensive master plan to manage wastes for the

whole province. Increasing the capacity of landfill to sustainably manage solid and non-toxic

waste. Constructing safe transportation and storage system for toxic waste.

Limiting the use of plant protection products: training and widespread disseminating the safe use

of pesticide, safe handling of containers of plant protection products and fertilizers.


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PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION On the basis of the GGAP for An Giang province, the provincial People’s Committee, the provincial

departments and sectors, the district, town and city People’s Committees shall actively implement the

plan under their functions and duties, as followings:

4.1 Provincial People’s Committee (PPC)

Regularly directing the implementation of the provincial GGAP and guiding the review, adjustment and

revision of relevant legal documents on state management to respond to climate change and implement

green growth; directing the adjustment of development plans, master plans and socio-economic

development programs; integrating the contents of climate change, green growth, resource management

and environmental management into socio-economic master plans, plans and programs according to

instructionng documents of the Government and relevant Ministries.

4.2 Department of Planning and Investment (DPI)

Being a focal point for GG, being responsible for chairing and collaborating with other

departments, sectors, district, town and city PPCs to implement the GGAP;

Directing, monitoring, evaluating, checking and synthesizing the activities of implementing the

GGAP to report to the provincial PPC annually, preparing mid-term reports to evaluate and

withdraw lessons from the implementation, study and recommend any adjustments and revisions

to be updated to 2030;

Collaborating with different departments, sector, district, town and city people’s committees to

revise and complete the list of programs and projects in different periods;

Chairing and collaborating the Department of Finance and relevant departments and sectors to

balance, mobilize and attract funds for implementing the objectives and indicators set in the

action plan.

4.3 Department of Finance (DOF)

Collaborating with the Department of Planning and Investment to appraise and submit the

proposed budget for GGAP to the authorized agency for approval.

4.4 Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

Collaborating with relevant departments and sectors to advise on the selection of imported

technologies; conducting research and developing the mechanism to encourage technology

investment and transfer, applying S&T advances in the province.

4.5 Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE)

Advising the provincial PPC on sustainable environmental development policies according to

orientations on GG; preparing short-term and long-term plans to respond to CC in the province;

Strengthening the monitoring of enterprises’ activities operating in the environmental sector for

immediate response;


21 | G G A P

Regularly and well implementing environmental monitoring to timely give warnings to citizens

and enterprises.

Comprehensive propaganda on environmental policies and development in order to raise

people’s awareness on environmental protection responsibility.

Chairing, and collaborating with relevant departments, sectors, district, town and city people’s

committee to monitor the environment in order to improve the effectiveness of environmental

protection, especially in industrial sectors.

4.6 Department of Industry and Trade (DOIT)

Chairing and collaborating to implement projects and tasks relating to GHG emission reduction in

industries, commerce, cleaner production, clean energy and renewable energy development in

the province.

Regularly propagandizing and encouraging enterprises to replace outdated equipment that

heavily consumes energy and emits emission by modern technologies and equipment.

4.7 Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD)

Collaborating with the Department of Science and Technology to implement projects and tasks in

smart agriculture, high tech agriculture according to GG orientations;

Regularly propagandizing the upscale of efficient production models which use a small amount of

chemical fertilizers and water for production; well implementing the cultivation and planting

method restructure which is suitable for each location and meets the market demands.

Being the agency to chair and collaborate the implementation of projects and tasks relating to

GHG emission reduction in agriculture- forestry- aquaculture, green agriculture development and

the implementation of the New Rural Program in the province.

4.8 Department of Transportation (DOT)

Leading and collaborating the implementation of projects and tasks relating to GHG emission

reduction in transportation, sustainable development of transportation infrastructure and public

transportation in the province.

Regularly propagandizing and encouraging transportation enterprises to comply with regulations

on maintenance and removal of vehicles which heavily consume fuels and are out of date.

4.9 Department of Construction (DOC)

Leading and collaborating the implementation of projects and tasks relating to sustainable urban

planning, infrastructure development, green building; ensuring the implementation of GG

objectives and indicators and response to CC;

Collaborating with the Department of Natural Resources and Environment to manage urban

wastes in the province.

4.10 Department of Information and Communication (DOIC)

Developing detail plans to propagandize, educate and raise people’s awareness on green growth

and sustainable development, regulations and policies of the Party and legal documents of the


22 | G G A P

Government on sustainable consumption of resources, environmental protection, nature

protection and biodiversity conservation.

4.11 Other departments, sectors and district PCs

Other departments, sectors and district, town and city people’s committees are responsible for

implementing GGAP in the province; integrating the objectives, tasks and solutions into their

annual or 5-year development programs and plans within assigned functions and duties.

Developing indicators on sectoral green growth which are suitable for the sector’s conditions and

development characteristics; implementing monitoring and evaluation of green growth objectives

and indicators within their assigned functions and duties. Assigning the implementation and

identifying responsible staffs. Recommending programs, tasks, projects and activities relating to

green growth that are being implemented or planned to implement;

Organizing propaganda activities among staffs, officials and the public on the National Strategy on

Green Growth, the Provincial Green Growth Action Plan, and the Sectorial Green Growth Plans;

Regularly collecting and synthesizing information on the implementation of objectives and

indicators for monitoring and evaluation of the provincial green growth. Annually reporting the

implementation of the green growth strategy, action plans that have been integrated into the

sectoral development plan implementation report; identifying challenges and difficulties, and

recommending the solutions. These reports shall be submitted to the Department of Planning and

Investment to synthesize and report to the provincial PPC.

4.12 Political and social organizations, social and professional organizations

Being active in building programs and plans to implement the GGAP of the province within their

assigned functions and duties;

Propagandizing, mobilizing the participation of the business community and the public to

implement the provincial and sectorial GGAP.


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APPENDIX 1: LIST OF PROGRAMS, PROJECTS, ACTION PLANS OF GREEN GROWTH IN THE PERIOD 2016-2020

1. Prioritized programs and projects on GHG emission reduction and clean and

renewable energy

No Task/ Activity Objectives To be

implemente/ coordinated by

Budget (bil. VND)

GHG emission reduction (thousand

tCO2)

Priority Financial

source

TOTAL 2,868.81 1,257.08

A AGRICULTURE 792.35 787.95

1 Emission reduction in crop production

269 410.6

Applying “3 decreases 3 increases” and “1 must 5 decreases” in rice cultivation

Applying in the area of 100,000 ha by 2020

DARD/

Provincial Farmer Association

190 397 High

Farmers’ expenditures, support from State Budget

Applying water saving irrigation and ecological technology

In the cultivation area of 10,000 ha by 2020

DARD/Provincial Farmer Association

79 13.6 High State Budget,

ODA

Production according to quality and large field standards

In the cultivation area of 30,000 ha by 2020


n.a n.a High

State Budget, Farmers’ expenditures

2 Utilizing agricultural residues

261.8 232.5

Using rice straws to make compost fertilizer for rice farming and high technology mushroom production

Collection area of 30% by 2020

DARD/Provincial Farmer Association, Provincial Business Association.

181 127.38 Moderate

Farmers’ expenditures, support from State Budget, ODA

Pollution reduction in animal husbandry

80% of manure is collected and treated


79.92 105.12 Moderate


3 Solutions for emission reduction in fishery

256 57.29

Enhancing fishery catching by high performance lighting

50% of LED use by 2020

DARD/DOIT, provincial technical science associations, banks

30 0.43 Moderate


Wastewater treatment into electricity in aquaculture

Electricity generating capacity of 2MW by 2020

As above 100 8.35 Low


Using of high performance gas turbines in aquaculture

6,000 sets will be used by 2020

As above 51 31.74 High

Farmers’ expenditures, support from State Budget,

Using of high 50% irrigation As above 75 16.77 Moderate Farmers’


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performance agriculture pumps

demands met by high performance agriculture pumps (total capacity 36,000kW)

expenditures, support from State Budget, ODA

4

Energy efficiency program in agriculture production and new rural construction

5.56 86.55

Sustainable energy for communities: Using improved wood stove and biogas stove for rural areas

It is targeted that 10% of rural households use the improved wood stoves and 10% rural households use the biogas stoves in replacement of wood stoves by 2020

DARD/ Farmer Union; Women’s Union; unions and organizations; rural households

5.56 86.55 High

Households’ expenditures, State Budget

B FORESTRY 20.60 339.58

1

Sustainable management of the existing natural protection forest

Protecting and developing 10,550 ha of forest by 2020

DARD, Forestry Department

11.61

173.02 Moderate

Local State Budget, Central State Budget and ODA

2

Forest enriching and managing, protecting the existing natural production forest, with the exploitation cycle of 20 years

Zoning and natural regeneration of 590ha by 2020

DARD, Forestry

Sub-

Department

1.95

26.24 High PPP

3

Planting 1,000 ha of melaleuca on aluminous wetland as materials for foundation construction posts

Newly planting about 1,000 ha of production forest by 2020

DARD, Forestry Sub-Department

7.05

140.32 Moderate

Local State

Budget, Central

State Budget

and ODA

C ENERGY 1,527.35 129.54

I Residential area (urban)1 1,077.51 67.69

1

Using high efficient air conditioner (with inverter) in urban households

Increasing the rate of households with high efficient air conditioner of 10%

by 2020

DOIT/ Provincial Power Company, Provincial News and Media.

164.78 2.78 Moderate

Households’ expenditures, support from State Budget and international support (ODA)

2

Using solar power water heater in urban households

Increasing the rate of households with solar power water heater of 10% by 2020

DOIT/ Provincial Power Company, Provincial News and Media.

82.3 34.79 High

Households’ expenditures and support from State Budget

3

Using high efficient

fridge (with inverter) in

urban households

Increasing the rate of households with high efficient fridge of 10% by 2020

DOIT/ Provincial Power Company, Provincial News and Media


Households’

expenditures

and

international

support (ODA)

4

Using LED lights in

households in urban

areas

Increasing the rate of urban households using LED lights to 2

As above 6.59 25.01

1 Rural-based solutions are integrated in part A


25 | G G A P

lights/household

II Transportation 0.05 20.87

1

Transforming roadway transportation to inland waterway transportation for freight

Targeting by 2020, 20% of goods was transported by inland waterways

DOIT/ DOT,

Women’s Union, Provincial Farmer Association, Provincial Broadcasting Station, Provincial News.

0.5 20.25 High

State Budget/

Households’

expenditures

2

Piloting the consumption of biofuels for motorbikes and cars

The rate of bioethanol (E5) consumption of about 5% by 2020

DOIT/DOT, Women’s Union, Provincial Farmer Association, Provincial Broadcasting Station, Provincial News.

0.62 Moderate

State Budget/ Households’ expenditures

III Service - Commerce 72.19 5.99

1 Using LED lamps for

hotels and offices

Increasing the rate

of LED lamps by

20% by 2020

DOC / DOIT,

Department of Culture-Sport- Tourism, Provincial Business Association…

1.26 4.79 High

Budget of

enterprises,

support from

State Budget

2

Using high-efficient air

conditioner (with

inverter) at restaurants

and hotels

Increasing the rate of hotels using high-efficient air conditioner (with inverter) by 10% by 2020

DOIT/ Provincial Business Association, Provincial Broadcasting Station, …

70.93 1.2 Moderate

Budget of

enterprises,

support from

State Budget

and

international

support (ODA)

V Industry 377.17 39.39

1

Energy management in textile and garment enterprises

Applying energy efficiency solutions and energy audit

DOIT/ Provincial Business Association, textile and garment enterprises in the province.

1.6 0.41 High

Budget of enterprises, support from State Budget

2

Energy management in food processing enterprises

Applying energy efficiency solutions and energy auditing

DOIT/ Provincial Business Association, food processing enterprises in the province.

3.87 8.17 High

Budget of enterprises, support from State Budget

3

Improving the cooling system in fishery processing enterprises

Improving 30% of the cooling system in fishery

DOIT/ Provincial Business


Budget of enterprises, Support from


26 | G G A P

processing industry

Association, fishery processing enterprises in the province.

State Budget, and international support (ODA)

VI Energy production 893,00 5.94

1

Developing grid-connected biomass power plants

Planning to install 20MW of biomass power by 2020

DOIT/ DPI. 33 3.96 Moderate

Budget of enterprises, support from State Budget, International support (ODA)

2

Developing grid-

connected solar power

plants

Planning to install

10 MW of solar

power by 2020

DOIT/DPI. 460 1.98 Moderate

Budget of

enterprises,

support from

State Budget,

International

support (ODA)

3 Installing amorphous transformers

Targeting at 800 amorphous transformers by 2020

EVN An Giang 400 0.004 Low

Budget of enterprises, support from State Budget, International support (ODA)

D Industrial production 50.8 50.88

1 Manufacturing of non-fired brick.

Amount of non- fired brick of 203.5 million ton by 2020.

DOC 50.8 50.88 High

Budget of enterprises, and support from State Budget

E Waste 477.62 69.86

1

Collecting and recycling

materials from solid

waste

By 2020, 25% of

wastes are treated

by collection and

recycling methods

DOC, DONRE,

DOST 159.82 2.11 Average

Budget of

enterprises,

and support

from State

Budget

2

Reducing emission from organic waste treatment

As above As above 79.45 34.99 High


3 Using and burning gas from landfill As above As above 22.83 3.49 Average


4

Collecting and using methane from the controlled solid waste anaerobic digestion system

As above As above 215.53 29.28 High



27 | G G A P

2. Prioritized projects on greening the production

No Project, task Objective Chair Budget

(bil.VND) Financial source

1

System of wastewater treatment in Binh Hoa industrial zone (Stage I)

2,000 m3/ day.

Economic Zone Management board

64 Support from State Budget

2 Upgrading the Binh Thanh aquatic breeding farm 12ha DARD 35

Support from State Budget

3

Supporting in technological innovation in aquaculture, fishery breeding to reduce pollution

The supporting area of 300ha DARD 30 Support from State Budget

4

Applying pollution reduction solutions in pangasius catfish facilities

The areas of households applying treatment measure before dumping waste into the environment of 120ha

DARD 3.6 Support from State Budget

5

Resettlement area with landslide protection embankment in Vinh Xuong border economic zone

60,717 m2 DARD 36 Support from State Budget

6

Conservation area for aquatic species in Tra Su melaleuca forest

1,050 ha DARD 353 Support from State Budget

7 Irrigation system for

agriculture DARD 213


8

Irrigation system for high elevated areas in response to climate change served for agricultural restructuring for local people in Bay Nui (Seven Mountains) in An Giang province

10 reservoirs, total capacity of

2,192,000m3 DARD 383


9

Levelling and cleaning the reservoir bed and the irrigation system behind the reservoir

Water storage capacity of 2,147,473m3 DARD 81 Support from State Budget

10 Water supply and rural environmental sanitation 200-1,200 m3/day

Centre for agricultural product and rural environmental sanitation


11 Improving the 3

rd Feb

pumping station Irrigation for the area of 2,050 ha Tinh Bien district 85


12

Projection of sustainable forestry protection and development

25,800 ha

Sub-Department of Forest Protection

53.4 Support from State Budget

13 Project of scattered forestry

planting 12,792 ha

Sub-Department

of Forest

Protection

32 Support from

State Budget

14

Project of Binh Minh and Vien Thong production forest protection and development

1,212.50 ha

Sub-Department of Forest Protection


15

Projection of developing the provincial environmental industry in An Giang to 2020

Orientation of developing the environmental industry so that it can provide equipment, technologies and services for environmental protection in order to treat and control pollutions, reduce degradation, limit the increase of environmental pollution and

DOIT in collaboration with DONRE



28 | G G A P

improve environmental quality in An Giang province to 2020.

16

Plan on developing and using biomass energy in An Giang province to 2025 with consideration to 2030

- Effectively exploiting the biomass potential to reduce the provincial dependency on traditional power, carbon emission and environmental pollution;

- Bringing added value for production facilities and households when they participate into biomass supply chain (selling agricultural and forestry waste and residues for burning fuels).

DOIT 0.8-1 State Budget

3. Prioritized programs and projects on greening the lifestyle and sustainable consumption

No Project, task Objective Chair Budget

(bil.VND) Financial source

1

Model of reservoir for drought areas served for people’s daily living water demand in Tri Ton

Area of 2.26 km2;

capacity of 293,000

m3

DARD 119 Support from State Budget

2 Drainage and sewage system in Chau Doc town: Counterpart project 5,000 m3/day

Water and Power Utility Company 311


3 Drainage and sewage system in Long Xuyen city: Counterpart project 30,000 m3/day

Water and Power Utility Company 1.344


4 Infrastructure of Phu Tan waste

treatment system 10.85 ha Phu Tan district 85


5 Infrastructure of solid waste treatment complex in Long Xuyen cluster (Stage I) 23.25 ha

Urban Environment Company 84


6

National Target Program on Clean Water and Rural Environmental Sanitation (Counterpart local state budget)

200 - 400 m3/day

Centre for agricultural product and rural environmental sanitation


7

Closing and treating environmental pollution in residential landfills in An Giang province

96.831 tonnes DONRE


8 Roadway to the Long Xuyen city wastewater treatment station

750m Water and Power Utility Company 2



29 | G G A P

APPENDIX 2: ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT STATUS OF AN GIANG’S DEVELOPMENT WITH REGARD TO GREEN GROWTH

Part 1: Introduction

1.1 Background and the necessity

International background

The Earth Summit in Rio de Janerio (Brazil) in 1992 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development

in Johannesburg (South Africa) in 2002 affirmed that sustainable development is “the development that

meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own

needs”, and the development process which combines three pillars of economic development (especially

economic growth), social development (especially social improvement, equity and poverty eradication

and job creation) and environmental protection (especially pollution handling and environment

rehabilitation and improvement, together with effective exploitation and consumption of natural

resources). After two decades of implementing sustainable development, the international development

models are still “brown” economies with high dependence on natural resources and fossil fuels which

cause pollution, natural resource degradation and ecological imbalance. Recently there are a lot of crisis

all over the world, in which climate change becomes a big challenge to the humanity in the 21st century.

The fight against climate change becomes tenser, especially after the 13th UNFCCC’s Conference of Parties

(COP 13) in 2007. The international community, for a long period, could not reach agreement upon a legal

commitment to climate change actions to replace the Kyoto Protocol which expires in 2012 (its

effectiveness was extended to 2020 in the COP 18). In December 2015, at COP 21 in Paris, the agreement

on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission control, especially CO2, was officially signed by nearly 200 nations.

In this context, many developed countries and industrial economies are turning to post-industrial

economies and gradually to knowledge economies. At the same time, economy model is turning from

“brown” to “green” economy. The terminology of “green development”, “green economy” and “green

growth” have been accepted and used. Green growth, which means efficient consumption of natural

resources, increase of low carbon energy and combination of economic growth with sustainable

environmental development, becomes a new economic development approach and a global trend to cope

with climate change, to develop sustainably and to ensure social equity.

Background of Vietnam and An Giang province

Vietnam is implementing the 5-year socio-economic development plan in the period of 2016 - 2020, and

the socio-economic development strategy in the period of 2011 - 2020 with the targets of rapid and

sustainable development, and the aim of becoming an industrial country by 2020. At COP 21, the

Vietnamese Government has signed the official commitment to reduce emission and increase GHG

absorption in the future.

The Government of Vietnam has promulgated and implemented many policies and guidelines on

sustainable development and climate change response to achieve development goals, to meet the needs of

economic restructuring and institutional reform, improve the growth quality and ensure the sustainability


30 | G G A P

of the environment and ecology. Particularly, Decision No. 2139/QD-TTg dated April 12nd 2012 on

approving the National Strategy on Climate Change; Decision No. 432/QD-TTg dated April 12nd 2012 on

approving the Vietnam Sustainable Development Strategy in the period 2011-2020; Decision No.

1393/QD-TTg dated September 25th 2012 approving the National Strategy on Green Growth in the period

of 2011 - 2020 and vision to 2050; Decision No. 339/QD-TTG dated February 19th 2013 on approving

the proposal of economic reform with growth paradigm shift towards improving the quality, efficiency

and competitiveness in the period 2013 - 2020. These documents cover the comprehensiveness,

meanings, viewpoints, principles, solutions and implementation approaches of green growth and are the

legal basis to promote green growth in Vietnam.

The National Strategy on Green Growth, which specifies the economy pillar and meets the needs of GHG

emission reduction of the National Strategy on Sustainable Development, sets the common goals of

achieving green growth, becoming a low carbon economy, ensuring the main trend of natural capital

enrichment in the economic development, and sets emission reduction and GHG absorption as important

and compulsory targets of the socio-economic development. The GG strategy and action plan demonstrate

strong commitments of Vietnam to contribute to the effort of international communities in response to

climate change, while maintaining rapid and sustainable development. The GG strategy, with three main

strategic duties including (i) reducing GHG emission and promoting green and renewable energy; (ii)

“greening” production and (iii) “greening” lifestyle and enhancing sustainable consumption with 17 main

solutions, is expected to achieve important targets and highlight the green economy transformation of

Vietnam. In the National Strategy on Green Growth, “the development GGAPs/programs in

cities/provinces” are considered as a priority for local authorities at all levels.

An Giang is located in the Mekong Delta, in the southwest of the country, with a variety of advantages

including fertile soils which are favourable for agricultural development; long border with Cambodia;

international and domestic gates; important roadway and waterway transportation systems for the

development of the commerce-service sector. However, An Giang faces several difficulties. The difficulties

are the impact of climate change, the threat of natural resource shortage, the increase of environmental

pollution, the low progress of development, the inefficiency of production and consumption, and the

“environmental unfriendly” way of production and consumption models.

However, until now, the province has not conducted any studies, investigations, or comprehensive

evaluation of the impacts of climate change on socio-economic and environmental aspects. In the

province, there are no detail investigations or reliable calculations of GHG emission, and the economic loss

incurred from the impacts of climate change and sea level rise has not been quantified. The results of

these studies provide necessary information to identify climate risks, and essential inputs to direct and

promote the provincial sustainable development strategies.

The comprehensive socio- economic development master plan of An Giang province to 2020 reiterates the

province’s strategy on development: “Effectively explore the potential resources and advantages to

sustainably increase the economic growth rate. The economic development is in line with natural resource

and environment protection, climate change adaption and infrastructure development to cope with natural

disasters and sustainable development”. The development of GGAP is not only an essential requirement to

implement the prioritized tasks in the National Strategy on Green Growth, but also a necessary and

suitable condition to ensure sustainable socio-economic development, and turn the provincial point of

view on the socio- economic development by 2020 into practice.


31 | G G A P

The GGAP of An Giang province was built on the basis of the evaluation of comprehensive development of

the Mekong Delta, practical situation of socio-economic development and ability to cope with climate

change of An Giang province. The development of GGAP aims at identifying necessary measures and

actions to develop An Giang province towards GHG emission reduction, maintenance of sustainable

ecology, effective consumption of natural resources, and improvement of capability to cope with climate

change. In the provincial GGAP, objectives, outputs, opportunities and challenges are identified. The

monitoring and evaluation of results will provide a reliable basis to propose orientations and solutions for

the successful implementation of GG strategies in the province.

1.2 Legislative basis

1.2.1 Central level

Resolution No. 24-NQ/TW dated June 03rd 2013 of the 11st Central Executive Committee on

Active Response to Climate Change, Improvement of Natural Resources Management and

Environmental Protection;

Law on Biodiversity 2008, Law on Water Resources 2011; Law on Mineral s2010; Law on Forest

Protection and Development 2004; Law on Natural Disaster Prevention and Control 2013, Law on

Environmental Protection 2014; Land Law 2013 and other relevant laws;

Decision No. 2139/QD-TTg dated December 05th 2011 of the Prime Minister on approving the

National Strategy on Climate Change;

Decision No. 1393/QD-TTg dated September 25th 2012 of the Prime Minister on approving the

National Strategy on Green Growth;

Decision No. 1474/QD-TTg dated October 05th 2012 of the Prime Minister on introduction of the

National Action Plan on Response to Climate Change;

Decision No. 1719/QD-TTg date October 04th 2011 of the Prime Minister on introduction of

Evaluation Criteria on Prioritized Projects of Support Program on Response to Climate Change;

Decision No. 1183/QD-TTg dated August 30th 2012 of the Prime Minister on approving the

National Target Program on Response to Climate Change in the period 2012-2015;

Decision No. 1651/QD-BTNMT dated September 05th 2013 of the Ministry of Natural Resources

and Environment on approving Component Projects of the National Target Program on Response

to Climate Change in the period 2012-2015;

Decision No. 1474/QD-TTg dated October 05th 2012 of the Prime Minister on approving the

National Action Plan on Climate Change in the period 2012 – 2020;

Decision No. 166/QD-TTg date January 21st 2014 of the Prime Minister on approving the Action

Plan on the National Environmental Protection Strategy to 2020, vision to 2030

Decision No. 403/QĐ-TTg of the Prime Minister dated March 20th 2014 approving the Action

Plan on the National Environmental Protection Strategy to 2020

Decision No. 432/QD-TTg dated April 12nd 2012 on approving the Vietnam Sustainable

Development Strategy in the period 2011-2020;

Decision No. 1419/QD-TTg dated September 07th 2009 of the Prime Minister on approving the

Strategy on Cleaner Production in Industry to 2020;

Directive No. 08/CT-BCN dated July 10th 2007 of the Ministry of Industry (now the Ministry of

Industry and Trade) on applying Cleaner Production in industrial facilities;


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Development plans, projects, reports of relevant central Ministries and sectors regarding the

Southern Central region and An Giang province;

Green growth action plans of relevant sectors and ministries.

1.2.2 Provincial level

Political Report No. 263-BC/TU, dated October 02nd 2015 of the Executive Committee of the An

Giang Provincial Party session IX submitted to the Congress of the 10th Provincial Party

Committee on “Building the Party to be pure and strong; promoting democracy, solidarity and

innovation; and fully exploiting the potential advantages, accelerating industrialization and

modernization of agriculture and rural development for sustainable development”.

The socio-economic development master plan of An Giang province to 2020, approved by the

Prime Minister in the Decision No. 801/2009/QD-TTg dated June 27th 2012.

5-year socio-economic development plan in the period of 2016 -2020 of An Giang province

(Decision No. 228/QD-UBND dated January 29th 2016 of the Provincial PPC).

The industrial development master plan of An Giang province to 2020 and vision to 2030

(Decision No. 1004/QD dated June 30th 2014).

5-year industrial and trade development plan in the period of 2011-2016, published in June

2016, An Giang provincial PPC (DOIT).

Plan of waterway and roadway transportation system of An Giang province in the period of 2007-

2020, An Giang provincial PPC (DOT).

5-year science and technology development plan in the period 2016-2020, An Giang provincial

PPC (DOST), Decision No. 17/KH-SKHCN dated November 6th 2014.

Detail plan of water resource for agricultural production of An Giang province to 2020, Decision

No. 1773/QD-UBND dated October 13th 2014.

Master plan of clean water supply and environmental sanitary of An Giang province to 2020,

Decision No. 1057/QD-UBND dated June 22nd 2011.

Master plan of aquatic product farming with high technology application of An Giang province to

2020 and orientation to 2030, Decision No. 1021/QD-UBND dated July 2nd 2014.

Review Report of 5 years implementing the National Target Program on New Rural Construction

in the period 2011-2015, and orientations and tasks in the period of 2016- 2020 of An Giang

provincial PPC dated April 1st 2016.

Master plan of construction material development of the An Giang province to 2020 and

orientations to 2030, An Giang provincial PPC (DOC), Draft report in April 2016.

Summarized explanation of the urban development program of An Giang province in the period

2015-2020 and orientations to 2030 of the Ministry of Construction (Southern Institute for Urban

and Rural Planning).

Relevant Decisions and Directives of the Prime Minister on sectorial development plan at the

national and regional level to 2020, and of sectors and ministries relating to An Giang province.

Master plans of the sectorial and regional development, urban construction plan, land use plan

and other plans and report relating to An Giang province.

Statistical Yearbook of An Giang province from 2010 to 2014.


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1.3 Methodology and Approaches

1.3.1 Approaches

An Giang province’s GGAP was built on the basis of a systematic and interdisciplinary approach, and the

contribution and combination of two approaches of top - down and bottom - up as illustrated in the Figure

1.

Figure 1: Summary of the methodology to develop GGAP for the province

Some key points to be focused:

Combination of two approaches of top - down and bottom - up: On the one hand, An Giang

province’s GGAP was built on the basis of legal documents and resources of the central

government. On the other hand, GGAP’s contents were identified on the basis of the analysis of

institutional characteristics, actual situation, socio-economic development progress, and available

and potential resources of the province.

Participation: During the development of the An Giang province’s GGAP, the participation of all

stakeholders including departments, science and technology organizations, enterprises,

international organizations, social, civil and professional organizations, and local communities is

necessary and effectively mobilized.

1.3.2 Methodology to develop Green Growth Action Plan

a) The An Giang province’s GGAP was developed on the basis of three key factors, including:

Legal basis: includes reviewing and analysing legal documents, relevant directions and

documents from the central and provincial government.


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Scientific basis: Apart from compliance with guidelines of the Ministry of the Planning and

Investment to develop GGAP at provincial level (version 2015), in order to ensure coherence in

the scope and methodology of GHG emission calculation and inventory of the whole country, the

guidelines of GHG emission inventory of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

(version 2016), the Global Protocol for community scale GHG emission inventories (GPC,

2014), and GHG Marginal Abatement Cost Curves (MACC) were used to investigate and develop

the inventory and calculate the province’s GHG emission.

Practical basis: includes evidence and experience that were verified in actual situations and

identifies development potentials of the province.

b) Aspects of the AP were continuously considered along the development of relations in the system:

Temporally: the past (the last 10 years), the presence (current socio- economic development) and

the future (the scenario of socio-economic development and climate change, sea level rise) of the

province

Spatially: provincial, regional, national and international scale

c) Opinions of specialists: Green growth assists the achievement of sustainable development in the context

of climate change. Hence, green growth, on the one hand, must ensure the sustainability of the economy,

society and environment, and on the other hand, contribute to cope with climate change to meet both

“adaptation” and “mitigation” requirements. From this point of view, green growth must be in relation

with other fields of the socio-economic system, within institutional system and current development

capacity (human, natural and financial capital). Therefore, the development of GGAP requires approaches

to relevant legal documents (especially national and provincial strategies and plans related to sustainable

development, climate change and environmental protection). Similarly, the contents of green growth must

be integrated into socio-economic and relevant sectorial development plans during the implementation

process.

1.3.3 Steps to develop An Giang province’s GGAP

The An Giang province’s GGAP was developed with these following steps:

Step 1: Analyse the opportunities, challenges, advantages and difficulties

Step 2: Define short-term and long-term objectives, contents and prioritized activities

Step 3: Calculate specific indicators to achieve the proposed objectives in the planning and

visioning years

Step 4: Establish the list of programs and action plans

Step 5: List prioritized tasks and projects for specific milestones.


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Part 2: Existing Situation of An Giang Socio-Economic Development

2.1 Economic growth and structure transformation

In spite of not achieving some targets in the period of 2011 – 2015, An Giang’s economy still increased

stably at an average of 5.44% (CPI 2010); particularly, the service sector achieved the highest growth

percentage (7.42%), followed by the industry – construction sector (7%) and agriculture – forestry –

fishery sector (2.86%) respectively. An Giang sets the target to reach the average GRDP rate at 7% by

2020, equal to the average national GDP, contributed by the estimated increase of 2.71% of agriculture,

forestry and fishery sector, 9.39% of service sector and 9.31% of industry and construction sector

respectively.

Average GDP per capital has reached 31.234 million VND (at current price), 1.3 times increase compared

to that of 2010. By 2020, GRDP per capital (at current price) is expected to reach VND 48.628 million (USD

2,266 per capital).

The provincial economic structure has transformed positively, GRDP proportion of the agriculture,

forestry and fishery sector has decreased to 35.28%, the service sector at 49.31%, the industry and

construction sector at 13.52%, tax and subsidy policies at 1.89%, respectively. The targets of the period

2016-2020 aim to transform into higher quality and competitive growth. The agriculture development

becomes a good basis for economic development and social stability. The industrial and service

development generates supports for the agriculture development. Economic structure is re-directed with

the aim of reducing the proportion of agriculture sector to 27.97%, while increasing those of the service

sector to 54.81% and industrial sector to 15.63%.

2.2 Priorities and achievements of economic targets

2.2.1 Priorities

The province’s strengths are agriculture and commerce, so the priority focuses on investing in

“Agriculture, followed by Commerce and Service, and Industry and Construction sector”. Among them,

agriculture and tourism play key roles in the economic sector of An Giang province.

To achieve these targets, An Giang will develop the agriculture towards improving quantity, quality and

competitiveness to be the foundation for the development of the commerce, service and processing

industry sectors. “Well combining the industrialization, modernization of agriculture and rural areas with

the urbanization and broadening of industrial and service zones” is the province’s motto.

Tourism is also a prioritized development direction in An Giang. Promoting resources for tourism

development, diversifying tourism products, and promoting collaboration between domestic and

international tourism entities are encouraged to attract more tourists, develop key tourism destinations,

open more trans-provincial and foreign tours, conserve and develop traditional craft villages linked with

tourism and environmental protection.

The province prioritizes on “green economy” development. Although there is no official statistics on GHG

emission of An Giang, the province’s direction of transforming the economic structure into high

proportion of industry and service sector will lead to an increase in energy demands and high GHG


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emission risks. Therefore, in order to meet the “green economy” targets, the province has set out the goals

of reducing GHG emission, energy savings and energy efficiency as important and first priorities.

In fact, “green production” is promoted by applying “cleaner production” procedures and reducing waste

from agriculture, commerce - service, and industry – construction sectors; innovating or replacing inputs

of the manufacturing and processing activities; changing toxic materials and fuels into less toxic or

recycled ones; applying new technologies or updating innovative technologies to limit wastes. “Greening

the production” is not a new definition because it was applied in many development sectors, especially

key sectors such as agriculture and tourism. In addition, “green lifestyles” are promoted by encouraging

environment friendly consumption habits, limiting over-consumptions of natural resources, preventing

and treating environment pollution; increasing the rate of wastes that are collected, transported and

treated meeting the sanitary environmental standards; promoting measures to control wastewater and air

emission to limit their impacts on local people’s health.

2.2.2 Main economic targets

Industry and Construction

Despite a growth rate of 7% on average (in the period 2011-2015), the industry – construction sector did

not constitute a high proportion of An Giang’ economy, only at 13.52% of the total GRDP.

The processing and manufacturing industry contributes a high proportion in the industry sector with

95.39% of the total industrial production value of the province (VND 10,463.93 billion in 2015). This is

mainly contributed by rice and fishery processing enterprises; some of which meet the exporting

standards and have large scale production and capacity, modern equipment and innovative procedures. In

addition, there are manufacturers which produce mechanical agriculture equipment and supporting

products for transportation infrastructure construction and civil construction.

The value structure of the industrial production has turned into reducing the proportion of public

industry, increasing non-public industry and foreign invested industry.

In the province, there are three industrial zones including Binh Hoa, Binh Long and Xuan To and 17

planned industrial clusters which are able to attract investments. Among planned industrial clusters, eight

industrial clusters are operating with 21 projects. In addition, some industrial zones and clusters are

attracting investments. Besides, there are 29 craft villages and traditional handicraft villages with 6.056

households working in wood craft, silk textile, bricks, tiles and ceramics producing, fish net weaving, and

fishing, etc. The operation of industrial zones and clusters reduces toxic wastes which causes

environmental pollution which affects the socio-economic development of the province.

Construction sector has positive changes, especially the development of the economic infrastructure and

transportation system. Some invested important projects are Bac Vam Nao flood control, Highway 91

Bypass (Chau Doc – Tinh Bien), Ha Hoang Ho road, Muong Khai Lon bridge, Cong Vong bridge, Ninh Phuoc

bridge, provincial road 943, 02 provincial road bridges 948 (Hung Tien bridge, Ta Dec bridge), 07 bridges

along Highway 91 in Long Xuyen city, An Giang university, and provincial and district schools and

hospitals.

Agriculture, forestry and fishery industry


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In the period 2011 – 2015, the average growth rate of agriculture, forestry and fishery sector was 2.64%,

with 3.1% increase in the agriculture sector, 0.5% decrease in the fishery sector and 0.2% increase in the

forestry sector. The agriculture, forestry and fishery sector contributed only 0.61% to the total growth

rate of the province (at 8.63%).

The main target for this sector towards 2020 is to achieve the average growth rate at 2.7%. To meet this

target, An Giang has renewed the model of agricultural development by considering production

rearrangement to be a foundation, scientific, technical and technology application to be a breakthrough,

and markets to be a prerequisite and a goal; has converted from the approach of scope, productivity and

volume development into one of values and economic outcomes. In the upcoming time, the province will

concentrate on 03 main strategic products including rice, fishes and vegetables.

Crop production

Rice is the main product of An Giang. In 2015, the rice productivity gained 4.078 million tonnes (increase

by 350 thousand tonnes compared to that of 2010). The agriculture production value was VND 129

million/ha in 2015 (increase by 51.5% compared to that of 2010). The productivity has been continuously

increasing thanks to timely crop seeding schedule, the application of innovative technologies, and the

higher rate of high quality seeds. In 2015, the total area of rice production in An Giang is 633.9 thousand

ha, accounting for 90% of the total agricultural land area. The productivity was 4.075 million tonnes in

that year.

Crop area has been expanded and reached 67 thousand ha at the end of 2015. An Giang has replaced a

proportion of land for rice production into land for other crops with high economic value, and has applied

high technologies in cropping.

It is targeted that by 2020 the cropping area of “large-scale field” model will increase to 80,000 ha

(equivalent to 65% of the rice area with consumption links). The rice growing area is stable, at about

640,000 ha and the crop production area is about 71,000 ha.

Husbandry

Pig and poultry are the main domestic animals in An Giang. The share of husbandry sub-sector is quite

stable. In 2015, the husbandry sub-sector accounted for 6.2% of the agricultural sector. The technology in

husbandry has improved significantly, for example, the biosafety husbandry model is widely used; many

pig raising households have wastes treated in biogas tanks, composted or buried. Some projects such as

development of biosafety poultry raising methods, construction of slaughter houses and consumption of

poultry meat and products, concentrated slaughter houses for domestic animals and poultry and etc. were

conducted. The models of household farming facilities or large farms were established.

At the end of 2015, the total number of domestic animals in the province was 124,000 buffaloes & cows,

145,000 pigs (smaller than that in the past) and 4,400,000 poultries.

Fishery

Pangasius catfish aquaculture is the main fishery production in An Giang. In 2015, the total area of

aquaculture in the province was 2,480 ha, in which the area of pangasius catfish was 1,233ha. The

harvested productivity of the aquaculture in the province was 326,565 tonnes, of which the productivity


38 | G G A P

of pangasius and basa catfish was 248,604 tonnes. This sub- sector has currently turned into the mass

production sector and contributed significantly to the province’s exporting quota.

In addition to pangasius catfish, other fishery products such as male blue legged prawn seeds, eel, red tail

catfish, and African sharp tooth catfish are also widely bred. In 2015, the total area of aquaculture in the

province was 2,686 ha in which the area of pangasius catfish accounted for 1,220 ha, one of shrimps was

400 ha (a decline of 87 ha), the number of fish cages was between 1,800 and 2,000. The production of

fishery seeds has been growing to 15 million blue legged prawn seeds, 300,000 pagasius catfish seeds,

70,000 barb seeds, and 1 million red snapper seeds. The supply of other fishes such as sutchi catfish, eel,

red tail catfish, and other native fishes meet the market needs.

The target towards 2020 is to have the area of fishery to 2,800 ha (increase of 300 ha compared to that of

2015).

Commerce - Service

In the period of 2011-2015, the commerce - service sector is reported to reach the highest average growth

rate of 7.42% and made up the biggest proportion of the province’s economic growth.

Trade

The volume of domestic trade increases with the total revenue of retails and services in 2015 peaked at

VND73,610 million (2.049 times compared to that of 2010), the average growth in the period 2011 – 2015

was 15.43%, being 0.4% higher than expectation. The trade sector made an effort to utilize the province’s

advantages to boost agricultural production consumption and resources supply for the production and

retailing products. For 5 years from 2011 to 2015, 43 markets, 02 supermarkets and 01 shopping centre

were open.

The target towards 2020 is to boost trade promotion and trade cooperation to support enterprises to

broaden and exploit the domestic market, work closely with the supply chain; utilize the strengths of

border province economy, and increase the export flow through the border to develop all kinds of

services.

Foreign trade: export quota from 2011 to 2015 achieved USD 4.53 billion (increasing by 51.5% compared

to that of the period 2006 - 2010). The annual average growth rate was 5.85%. The key products were

exporting rice with 2,585 thousand tonnes (equivalent to USD 1,210 million), fishery products with 805

thousand tonnes (equivalent to USD 1.960 million), frozen fruits and vegetables with 39 thousand tonnes

(USD 53 million), and textile and garments with 79.6 million textile products (equivalent to USD 364

million). In 2015, the province’s products were sold in 133 countries and territories all over the world.

Among them, rice was exported to 44 countries; frozen vegetables were exported to 04 countries; and

fishery products were exported to 75 countries. Other main exported products such as frozen vegetables,

rice, and etc. meet the standards of demanding markets.

An Giang has actively explored the border economy advantages; the border retails and exchanges are at a

stable high rate, accounting for a third of the Vietnam – Cambodia foreign exchange rate. The total export

quota through the border gates located in the province was USD 1.3 billion in 2014.

By 2020, the province targets to increase the export quota to USD1.4 billion with the annual average rate

at USD70 million in the period of 2016 - 2020.


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Tourism

An Giang tourism develops moderately. The province has been promoting the image of friendly tourism,

service improvement and diversified tourism products. In the period of 2011 -2015, the total arrivals to

tourism destinations in the province reached 28.3 million (5.6 million arrivals/year on average) with a

growth rate at 2.9%/year. International visitors made up 294,631 arrivals (58,900 arrivals/year on

average), increasing by 9%/year. Community based tourism, ecotourism, agri-tourism, and homestay

initially develop. Cambodia border tourism, Mekong river exploration tours have been continuously

expanded and implemented with high efficiency.

By 2020, An Giang aims to set tourism as the key economic sector and to be an attractive, reputable, high

quality and competitive destination in the Mekong delta and Vietnam. It is targeted that the province will

become a national tourism destination. Top 04 priorities of the provincial tourism sector consist of

religious tourism, sightseeing and leisure tourism, ecotourism, river tourism and cultural, historical

heritage tourism.

Transportation

Transportation service has been developing to fulfil the requirements with many means of transportation.

In the province, there are 5,507 km roadways and 1,639 bridges with a length of 55.7 km. From 2011 to

2015, the average growth rate of transportation for freight achieved 4.5%/year while those of passenger

transportation increased 2.6%/year.

Transportation service quality has been improving; transportation vehicles were equipped with GPS, so

the management authorities can control the route and the speed as regulated.

The volume of roadway passenger transportation in the period of 2011 - 2020 is estimated to increase by

6%/year on average (40.5 million arrivals by 2020). An Giang aims to increase the average amount of

goods transportation to 10%/ year from 2016 to 2020, to reach 3,162 tonnes/year by 2020. The amount

of roadway goods transportation will increase 10%/year on average, to gain 363 million tonnes/km by

2020. By 2020, the volume of transportation means will meet the requirements of goods and passenger

transportation.

The average increase of 7% is estimated for the waterway transportation for freight in the period of 2011-

2020 to reach 3785,810 tonnes (equivalent to 643.8 million tonnes/km) by 2020. The passenger

transportation in the same period is expected to increase by 1.9%, reaching 4.95 million visitors

(equivalent to 207 million visitors/km) by 2020. In order to achieve this target, it is necessary to increase

the number of waterway transportation vehicles. It is forecasted that the province would need 37,8581

vehicles for waterway transportation for freight and 15,482 seats for those of passengers by 2020.

Posts and telecommunications

Posts and telecommunications infrastructure is invested with modern technologies and better service. An

Giang radio broadcasting covers the whole province. In 2015, the proportion of the household having the

access to the provincial broadcasting media was 98%. TV programs in Khmer is broadcasted in channel 8-

VHF to meet the local people’ demand. District and community radio broadcasting is established,

strengthened and improved to raise the coverage to 85%.


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Currently, posts and communications network are linked to remote areas to bring domestic and

international information directly to local people. In the province, there is one central post office, 11

district post offices and 154 post offices in communes, wards, and towns.

2.3 Population, Labour, and Employment

2.3.1 Population and population growth rate and urbanization

An Giang is one of the most populated province in the Mekong Delta. Over the last five years, the natural

population growth rate showed a continuous decline from 1.18% in 2010 to 0.92% in 2015. However, An

Giang still has a high population density (610 people/km2), 4th ranking in the region, only after Can Tho,

Vinh Long and Tien Giang.

In 2016, the average population of An Giang was 2,161 thousand, with 17 ethnic groups, with largest

population of Vietnamese people around 97.4%, followed by 4.07% of Khmer ethnic people, 0.65% of

Cham and 1.09% of Hoa. Khmer people live in the mountainous areas in Tinh Bien and Tri Ton districts,

while Cham people live in Tan Chau and Phu Tan districts; and Hoa people live in Long Xuyen city, Chau

Doc town and Cho Moi districts.

At the end of the year 2016, the urban population was around 700 thousand (made up more than 30%).

An Giang population is unevenly distributed, being crowded in Long Xuyen city, followed by Chau Doc

town and Cho Moi district, while Tri Ton district has the smallest population. It is targeted that by 2020,

the population will reach 2,175,000.

The increasing growth rate of urbanization is occurring throughout the province. An Giang currently has

20 urban areas, including two level-II (Long Xuyen city and Chau Doc) urban areas, four level-IV urban

areas and 14 level-V urban areas. In Long Xuyen city, Chau Doc town, and Tan Chau town, the urbanization

rates are the highest. It is estimated that by the end of 2015, the urbanization rate in the province will

reach 31% (compared to 29.85% in 2010). The development of central urban areas links with the

modernization of rural areas; changing the urban areas and new rural areas to be more civilized; and

enhancing material and emotional living standards of the people.

An Giang targets to promote the urbanization rate to 35 – 40% by 2020.

2.3.2 Labour and Employment

In 2016, the working-age population was 1,340 thousand (made up 62.1% of the total population), the

number of employment in all economic sectors was 1,192,202 people (equivalent to 55.3% of total

population) including 691,690 labourers in agriculture, forestry and fishery sector (accounted for 40.8%

of the total population).

In spite of sufficient human resources, the proportion of trained labourers (in all forms) only made up

50% of total labourers working in all economic sectors. This proportion is inconsiderable compared to the

development requirements. It is expected that the proportion of trained labourers per total labourers will

increase to 65% by 2020.

From 2011 to 2015, the number of newly created jobs was 176,787, exporting hundreds of labourers to

create more jobs and eradicate poverty. The unemployment rate in urban area of An Giang is quite low

(<4%).


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2.4 Existing situation of new rural area development

At the end of 2016, 21 communes in An Giang were recognized as new rural areas (accounting for

17.65%), seven communes met 15 to 18 criteria (5.88%); 52 communes met 10 - 14 criteria (43.70%) and

39 communes met 6 to 9 criteria (32.77%). It is, on average, 11.84 criteria/commune and there was no

commune meeting less than 5 criteria.

Schools with facilities meeting the national standards account for 20.19% (70% is the target), currently

21/119 communes achieve this criterion.

82/119 communes have markets meeting the standards (yes/no criterion).

118/119 communes complete the universal secondary education; the rate of secondary school graduates

continue to study (high school, supplementary, training) is 86.36%. The number of communes meeting

the criterion is 110/119; the rate of trained rural labourers is 42.71%.

The proportion of households in rural area having access to clean water (Ministry of Health’s standards) is

81.77%.

The proposition of production facilities and business meeting the environmental standards is 86.94%; the

number of communes achieved the criterion is 85/119.

The rate of manufacturing and business entities meeting environmental criterion is 91.75%, the number

of communes achieved the criterion is 76/119.

The rate of people having health insurance is 73.12%, 79/119 achieved the criteria (70% is the set target).

The number of temporary and dilapidated houses reduces to 2.31% of the total number of houses. The

rate of standard houses is 74.86%.

The proportion of medical centres meeting the national standard is 72.27%.

The province aims to build new rural areas with a developed socio-economy, modern infrastructure, and

rural development associated with ecological environment protection. By 2020, its goal is to increase the

number of new rural communes to 61 (51.26%), at least one new rural district, and no communes

achieving less than 7 criteria of new rural areas.

2.5 Infrastructure

2.5.1 Electricity and energy infrastructure

The province utilized all resources to invest in power network development to ensure reliable power

supply for manufacturing and domestic activities. National power network was connected to all

communes and communities. Power was well transmitted to the end users with good quality. The power

price in rural areas was the same as that in urban areas. The proportion of household power accessibility

was 98%, while that in rural areas was more than 97%. In the period of 2011- 2015, 114.7 km of medium

voltage power lines and 308 km of low voltage power lines were improved with the investment of

VND139.9 billion.


42 | G G A P

The power demands increased by 8.73%/year on average from 2010 to 2015, to 1,866,178 MWh in 2015.

By 2020, power consumption per capital is expected to be 1.200 kWh and 100% of households are

accessible to power.

Other energy consumption including petrol, oil, and gas experienced rapid growth, on average, at

15.6%/year in the period of 2010 – 2015. The province’s energy demand is estimated to remain high,

especially LPG to reach 40,997 tonnes by 2020.

2.5.2 Transportation

Transportation Infrastructure

The length of roadway in An Giang is around 3,474 km, including national highway, provincial highway,

district roads, and internal roads which distribute appropriately in the province. There is only one

national highway with the length of 93.1km, concrete surface, covering from Cai San to the Cambodia

border. Highway N1 (around 100km) along Cambodia border will be built to prevent flood and shorten

the distance to central economic cities such as Ho Chi Minh city and the south of Central Highlands, and

highway N2 (around 38km) from Long An to Dong Thap and Thoai Son district.

An Giang has 14 provincial roads with the length of 393.7 km including 337.3 km of concrete roads and

the others of gravel roads. Most of these roads meet the standard IV and V which are approved for the

transportation of cars, trucks, motorbikes and transportation for freight. The density of provincial road in

An Giang is higher than the average of the region. Urban roads and the rural transportation system were

established with 896 routes with the length of more than 2,988 km including 400km of concrete roads and

604 km of bituminous macadam roads, more than 287 km of gravel roads and 1,676 km of clay roads. In

spite of improvement, clay roads still make up 71% of total length of roads. Cars cannot access to some

remote areas and islets of Thoai Son, Chau Thanh, and Chau Phu communes.

In general, the provincial roads have been used for a long time and not well maintained; therefore, most of

them have been degraded. In addition, the broken sewage system under the road blocks the traffic,

especially in case of flooding. The provincial roads are accessible for cars in both seasons while some

district roads are only suitable for motorbike transportation. Due to natural conditions and the provincial

topography, many bridges and sewage systems need to be re-built and maintained.

Waterway transportation system of the province is diverse with a network of rivers and channels. The

total length of the system is 5.757 km, 2.445 km of which can be accessible for different means of

transportation. The waterway transportation network of Tien river, Hau river and some other rivers,

which are managed by the central government is more than 372 km and can be accessible for ships with

the loads of 100 - 5000 tonnes. The waterway transportation network, which is managed by the provincial

government is more than 508 km and can be accessible for loads of around 20-100 tonnes, or smaller

ships. These networks are degrading due to lack of maintenance, illegal use for house construction or

fishing.

Transportation Vehicles

In recent years, the number of passenger transport vehicle has been increasing rapidly and their quality

has also been improved. To 2015, the number of passenger transportation vehicles was 7,815, 6,450 of

which were 4-9 seat cars. Total number of goods vehicles was 9,727.


43 | G G A P

Roadway transportation activities are mainly handled by private companies, household businesses and

some state owned enterprises. In the province, there are currently 81 routes of passenger transportation

including 67 trans-provincial routes, and 14 inter-provincial routes. These activities have been improved

in both quality and quantity.

Waterway passenger and freight transportation activities are the most common ways of transportation,

and are conducted with the family owned vehicles (5-10 tonnes load maximum). Currently, some iron

ships are used with high capacity; therefore, a larger amount of freight can be transported.

An Giang currently has 18 bus stations including two level-2 stations and the others at level-3 and 4 with

smaller size and degraded quality. My Thoi harbour on Hau river bank can accommodate 2000 – 5000

DWT ships, and conduct the clearance procedure for 650,000 tonnes of goods per year. This harbour is

now being upgraded to the capacity of 1 – 1.2 million tonnes per year. An Giang has 174 goods loading and

unloading terminals and 13 mixed piers (for both goods and passengers) which are small and unsafe. In

addition, there are eight ferries and many other passenger boats, some of which have high capacity.

However, these ferries are simple with inadequate investments and weak management.

Extending the construction of transportation infrastructure is currently leading to some environmental

issues such as flooding and erosion which also affects the environment, land resources, water resources

and socio-economic livings in general. However, these impacts have not been well evaluated.

2.5.3 Other infrastructures

Trade infrastructure

There are 277 markets in the province, of which six markets rank level-II (there is no market at level-I),

220 markets at level-III, 01 market for selling cows, and other 50 temporary and spontaneous markets.

The density is 1.72 markets/ commune, which is higher than the average national rate (0.87 markets/

commune). Each market can serve 7,759.77 persons on average (compared to the national rate of 10,243

persons/ market). Each market can serve with the radius of 2.02 km, which is 1.2 km wider than the

average radius of a level-III market according to the Vietnam’s design – construction standards for

markets. Other types of business such as supermarkets and convenient stores are established and

developed rapidly in cities and towns (in Long Xuyen city, and Tinh Bien duty free zone). The systems of

local markets are improved and re-built by conducting policies and incentives to attract investment. This

helps to increase the number of markets to 215, of which 176 markets rank level-III (81.5 % of total

number of market in the province).

In the upcoming time, An Giang aims to develop trade infrastructure towards more civilized and modern,

with larger sizes to meet business and purchase demands. Private business sector is encouraged to open

more department stores and supermarkets so as to improve goods transportation flow and market

relations in the province.

Education and training

In 2010, there were 396 schools including 154 secondary schools and 47 high schools.

The system of universities, secondary vocational schools and vocational schools in the province consists of

one university, one college, one secondary vocational school, one professional school, one provincial


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vocational school and 10 centres for continuous education. In the whole province there are no schools

with 03 shifts and temporary classrooms; the percentage of permanent classroom is 54.95%, the

proportion of semi-permanent is 45.05%.

Medical and health care

An Giang’s medical system consists of 15 public health care facilities with the capacity of 3,230 beds (02

general hospitals, 01 cardiovascular hospital, 1 eye hospital, 1 hospital of otolaryngology (Ear, Nose and

Throat), and 1 hospital of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery) in the province, 11 district hospital (1,330 beds),

and 11 general medical centres with 250 beds, 15 commune health centres (1,560 beds) and 3 private

hospitals with 190 beds.

The total number of private medical and pharmaceutical facilities is 2,757, comprising of 1,378 medical

facilities (04 private ones with 430 beds) and 1,278 pharmaceutical facilities and 101 traditional medical

facilities. The number of beds in private hospitals makes up 10.98% of the total bed in the province’s

medical system. Private hospitals invest in their facilities and equipment such as MRI, CT Scanner.

However, the management of medical solid waste poorly performs which cause environmental pollution

in the province. Besides, the provincial and district hospitals are seriously overloaded.

Culture & Sports

Currently, all communes, wards and towns have radio stations. The culture and information, radio and

television broadcasting activities of the province, district, cities and towns regularly keep up with political

tasks to timely disseminate the Party’s guidelines and policies, the state laws and science and technology

information.

The heritage and beautiful sites are managed and exploited effectively. Traditional festivals (for example

Ba Chua Xu, Chol Chnam Thomay, Dolta festival, Khmer group or Cham group festivals) was well

celebrated.

2.6 Investment capital

There is a significant increase in social resources to invest in the development of transportation,

production and service infrastructure which play a substantial contribution to the achievements of the

socio-economic targets.

From 2011 to 2015, the total investment capital from the state budget was VND 16,476 billion, of which

VND 8,206 billion was from provincial budget (49.81%) to invest in Bac Vam Nao flood control project,

highway 91 bypass (Chau Doc – Tinh Bien), Ha Hoang Ho road, Muong Khai Lon bridge, Cong Vong bridge,

Ninh Phuong bridge, provincial road 943, 02 provincial bridges 948 (Bung Tien and Ta Dec bridge), An

Giang university and projects of solidifying classrooms, 7 district hospitals, and others.

However, in this period, An Giang did not achieve the assigned targets of increasing social investment

capitals at the average growth rate of 8.68% annually, which is equal to 31.24% of GDRP.

The province aims to raise the social investment capital for 5 years from 2016 to 2020 to 33.3% of GRDP.

2.7 Competitiveness


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In many years (from 2007 to 2012), An Giang’s competitive capacity was ranked “Good”. Especially, in

2012, An Giang ranked the second in the provincial competitive capacity table. However, due to many

reasons, from 2013 till now, An Giang was ranked “medium”. In 2015, the province ranked 39th among 63

surveyed provinces/cities on competitive capacity. In the Mekong Delta region, An Giang has higher

ranking than Tra Vinh, Tien Giang and Ca Mau.

In details, in 2015, An Giang was appreciated on some criteria such as “market entry”, “time cost

reduction”, and “transparency”. This indicated that An Giang was striving to reform administrative

procedures, improve the transparency of state management. However, the province’s competitiveness

was assessed to be low in some criteria such as “activeness”, “unofficial costs” and “fair competition”.

These weaknesses are the main barriers to the economic development and competitiveness improvement

of the province.

In addition, other difficulties in natural conditions, natural resources, and human resources are other

considerable barriers to the competitiveness improvement in the upcoming time.

Part 3: Natural Resources and Environment

3.1 An Giang’s Natural Resources

3.1.1 Forestry resources

An Giang’s forest area is around 14,827 ha consisting of 9,450 ha of protection forest, 4,112 ha production

forest and 1,265 ha special-use forest which distribute mostly in four districts including Tri Ton, Tinh

Bien, Chau Doc and Thoai Son. Most of them are protection forest, with low production value. From 2011

to 2015, An Giang maintained forest cover at 22.4% as its planned target.

Forests in An Giang are rich in both fauna and flora. Forestry vegetation is variable and diverse. These

belong to two main ecosystems including mountainous forest ecosystem and aluminous mangrove forest

ecosystem. Large wood forests distribute in Tri Ton and Tinh Bien districts and a small proportion of them

can be found in Chau Doc town, Thoai Son district. An Giang has 815 species of higher plants with 14.2%

of large wood trees, 18.3% of small wood trees, 25.8% of bushes and small plants, 12.9% of vines and

21.8% of grass.

The melaleuca forest fauna system has 70 species including forest birds such as whistling duck, southern

pigeon; shrimps, fishes and aquatic species such as snakehead fish, ray-finned fish, snakeskin gourami;

amphibian species such as topwater frog, frog, and reptile species such as python, boa, and snake. The

mountainous fauna system is dominated by monkey, deer, fox, weasel, and mouse deer. Bird species

include red-whiskered bulbul, magpie, and starling. Reptile species include lizard, skink, and snake.

However, due to hunting, these species reduce in term of both quantity and types.

3.1.2 Mineral resources

107 mineral occurrences were found in An Giang. The potential mineral types in An Giang include

construction stones, construction sand, clay, anthracite coal. In details, some types were founded as

followings:


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Metallic minerals: basic metals (molybdenum, zinc), valuable metals (gold, silver), were discovered in 02

mineral indications and 08 ore occurrences. 07 molybdenum ore occurrences in Tra Su, Nui Sam, Nui Cau,

the southern east of small Giai mountain, Ket mountain, the north west of Cam mountain, Co To mountain.

Primary gold was discovered in Nui Dat area (Tinh Bien district), and Chua Lang (Tri Ton district). Ba The

tin placer is located in Oc Eo town, Thoai Son district. In general, metallic minerals have small potential in

An Giang; most of the mentioned above sites are locates in forbidden areas or temporarily forbidden areas

of mineral exploitation.

Non-metallic minerals: clay material (felspat, kaolin) and other materials (diatomite, keramzit kaolin

material, anthracite coal), construction materials (clay, sands, seashell limestone, gypsum, building stones

and paving stones), were found in 13 large mineral deposits, 20 medium ones and 47 small ones and 16

mineral indications. For clay materials, there are 5 felsat ore occurrences in Sam mountain, Ba Dat

mountain, small Giai mountain, Ba Doi mountain, Sap mountain. Some occurrences are banned from

exploitation (Sam mountain & Sap mountain). 02 kaolin mineral occurrences are identified in Tri Ton

district and Tinh Bien district. In general, kaolin can be used for pottery housewares, but not qualified for

ceramic ones; however if being exploited together with building sands, it can bring good economic

benefits. There are 02 diatomite occurrences in Tri Ton and Tinh Bien districts. This diatomite can be used

as an additive material to produce non-fired bricks. In the province, there are 02 montmorillonite

occurrences in Thoai Son and Hoa Binh Thanh which can be used to make different types of light concrete.

Peat was mostly found in Tri Ton and Tinh Bien district. Other minerals used as building materials

including clay, which were discovered in 22 occurrences, were exploited to use as building materials.

Sands was discovered in 16 occurrences in Phu Nhat, Ngang mountain, the north east An Cu, the north An

Cu, the south An Cu, An Hao, the north An Loi, seashell limestone in Chung Binh – Choc mountain, gypsum

in Hoa Long, building stones and granite in Ba Doi mountain, Co To mountain, Ba The, Sap mountain, Ro

mountain, Num Song mountain. Granite / marble stones which were found in Tra Su mountain, Gap

Ghenh, small Gai mountain, the north east Cam mountain, were exploited for exporting and serving for the

domestic market.

Mineral water: was discovered in one mineral deposit in Tri Ton district and was assessed to meet both

quantitative and qualitative standards for bottled mineral water.

3.1.3 Land and water resources

Land area of the province is quite diverse with six main groups of land, of which sedimentary land

(64.15%), aluminous soil (12.64%) and alluvial soil along the river (8.7%) are the 03 groups accounting

for the largest proportions of total land funds.

Agricultural land is 298,560.3 ha, accounting for 84.42% of natural land area. The productive land is

282,773.64 ha (94.712% of agricultural land), mainly located in Tri Ton district (47,435.92ha), Thoai Son

district (40,972.07ha), Chau Phu (38,342.13ha), Chau Thanh (38,342.13ha), Chau Thanh (30,052.13ha)

and Cho Moi (27,362.38 ha). 90% of productive land is used for rice cultivation (254,486.63ha), and the

remaining is for annual plants (11,690.18ha equivalent to 4.13%) and for perennial tree planting

(16,596.82 ha equivalent to 5.87%)

Forestry land is 11,638.3 ha, accounting for 3.90% of agricultural land, mainly located in Tri Ton district

(6,049.5ha), Tinh Bien (5,294.24ha), Chau Doc (162.91ha) and Thoai Son (131.63ha). 2,222.84 ha of


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production forest land is in Tri Ton district; 8,531.14 ha of protection forest land is located in the

mountainous areas of Tri Ton, Thoai Son and Tinh Bien district; and 884.33 ha of special-use forest land is

located in Tra Su melaleuca forest and Sam mountain area, and etc.

Land area for aquaculture is 4003.77ha, accounting for 1.34% of agricultural land, mainly located in Chau

Phu district (827.06ha), Cho Mi (554.57ha), Long Xuyen (447.56ha) and Tan Chau (431.68ha). A large

area of aquaculture land is used to raise sutchi catfish, basa catfish, kneahead fish, shrimp, and etc.

1,806.55 ha are existing ponds, mainly located in the area around rivers or channels level-I or II in Chau

Phu, Chau Thanh, Cho Moi district. 1.282.6ha are unused land, accounting for 32.01% of land for

aquaculture; and 915.6ha of those is used for other purposes and located in residential areas, accounting

for 22.87% of land for aquaculture.

Surface water in An Giang, is fresh water from rivers, lakes, and wetlands. An Giang’s river network is

interlaced with three big rivers comprising Tien river (80km), Hau river (100km), Vam Nao river and 600

canals with the length of 5,500km to supply fresh water for domestic and agricultural activities. The

general density of rivers and streams in the province is highest in the region (1.6 km/km2). The average

annual flow of Tien river, Hau river is 13,500 m3/s. An Giang’s hydrology depends on the Mekong river

flow, and the East Sea tidal regime and the water flow, inland rain and characteristics of the canals in the

region.

Surface water in An Giang is influenced by many pollution sources, of which the most seriously impacts

come from mineral over-exploitation, agriculture production and aquaculture cultivation of fish farming

villages on the river. The establishment of industrial zones, manufacturing facilities and house

construction along canals are other significant pollution sources. The quality of surface water in Tien river

and Hau river tends to exceed the allowed levels in recent years. Surface water resources are qualified for

irrigation and not for drinking without treatment. Recently, due to the reduction of land for aquaculture (a

decrease of 1,418ha compared to that of 2010) and the improvement of food resource for aquaculture,

surface water environment in An Giang has been improved.

Ground water in An Giang has not been exploited at industrial scales. However, in some places, local

people dig their own well for irrigation purposes, mineral exploitation or domestic purposes. Hence, the

quality of ground water is affected by microbial contamination, and arsenic pollution. The ground water

now is qualified for irrigation purposes, not for drinking.

3.1.4 Tourism resources

An Giang is located in the upstream Mekong river and has the national gate to Cambodia, has plains,

mountains, canal networks and a variety of beautiful sites and historical sites (Sam mountain, Tuc Dup

hill, Cam mountain tourism site, Ket mountain, Dai mountain, Tra Su melaleuca forest, My Hoa Hung, Chau

Doc floating village, and so on). These are the advantages for tourism development. In addition, in 2015,

An Giang had 77 hotels, motels and modern and well-equipped restaurants to fulfil visitors’ needs.

The number of visitors to An Giang steadily increases in the past few years, the number of domestic

visitors increased from 258,400 visitors in 2010 to 289,830 visitors in 2014, international visitor

increased from 47,400 visitors to 60,195 visitors, respectively.


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With given advantages, An Giang tourism is defined as the key economic sector. In spite of challenges, the

province aims to attract 6.5 million visitors in 2020. Sightseeing, leisure, eco-tourism, sports, and cultural

tourism have been paid more attention. Key tourism sites are Sam mountain, Cam mountain, Co To

mountain, Dai mountain, Uncle Ton memorial site, and My Khanh entertainment park. Tour routes such as

Long Xuyen – Cho Moi- Phu Tan- Tan Chau- An Phu, Long Xuyen – Chau Thanh – Chau Phu – Chau Doc –

Tinh Bien – Tri Ton – Thoai Son are implemented.

3.1.5 Renewable energy

In the province, there is no hydropower resource. However, An Giang is very potential for solar power and

biomass power. Currently, An Giang has approved the solar power project (10MW) invested by Thai Binh

Duong company. In the near future, the province will approve the investment license for another solar

power project at higher installed capacity (20MW). The solar power irrigation system was tested for

dripping irrigation of dragon fruit garden in Tinh Bien district and the combination system of solar

photovoltaic and power network was used for households. Biogas tanks KT1, KT2 were built to convert

animal waste into environmental-friendly biogas. In 2014, 231 tanks were completed and operated stably

in the province.

According to the master plan, An Giang has two biomass power plants using rice husk from rice mill plants

as their fuel. Some rice mill companies in the province also want to invest in the biomass energy. However,

due to some institutional barriers and power pricing mechanism, these concepts have not yet been come

into practice.

3.2 Environmental change and climate change

3.2.1 Solid waste and existing problems

Domestic solid waste: with the increase in urban population, domestic solid waste is increasing. The total

amount of domestic solid waste is 1,305 tonnes/day, in which municipal solid waste makes up 35%,

equivalent to 478 tonnes/day. The main component (70 – 80% of the weight) of domestic solid waste is

organic substances; and the remaining is recyclable inorganic materials (plastics and plastic bags). At the

end of 2014, the collection rate of domestic solid waste was only 50% in the cities and 20 – 30% in the

rural area.

It is estimated that domestic solid waste in the province will increase to 1017.5 tonnes/day by 2020.

Industrial solid waste: There are three industrial zones including Binh Hoa, Binh Long and Xuan To, 17

industrial clusters which have detail planning to attract investment in the province. Among them, there

are eight industrial clusters operating with 21 projects. Some industrial zones and cluster are attracting

investments. In the province, there are 37 craft villages; 28 of which are certified by the provincial PPC

with 11,954 labourers and 6,033 households working on wood craft, silk, brick, pottery, fishnet weaving,

etc.

The operation of industrial zones and clusters leads to higher amount of industrial waste. Industrial

waste, comes from 12,646 manufacturing facilitates with 23 different professionals, including papers,

cotton, metal pieces, glass, racks, material pieces, plastic, PP, PE bags, PVC barrel, discharged oil, paint,

wood, husk, food garbage, and rubber, etc. The total amount of industrial solid waste in the province in


49 | G G A P

2014 was 365.31 tonnes/day. Currently there is only one concentrated landfill in the province, without

any processing sites and storages for hazardous solid wastes. The collection rate of industrial solid waste

was only 65% in 2014.

In addition, industrial facilities and manufacturers in the province (not inside the industrial zones or

clusters) and markets, shopping centres, supermarkets are other important sources of solid waste which

cause huge impacts on the environment.

It is estimated that the total of industrial solid waste is 556.61 tonnes/ day by 2020.

Medical solid waste: Given the scale of 15 provincial medical centres with 3,230 beds, 11 district hospitals

(1,330 bed), 11 regional medical centres with 250 beds, 15 commune health care centres (1,560 beds), 3

private hospitals with 190 beds, the amount of medical solid waste of those mentioned above centres/

hospitals is 6,475 kg/day.

100% of the medical solid waste in the province was collected and classified on-site into two types

including pathological waste, domestic waste and recycled medical waste. However, the classification

process does not follow appropriate policies and procedures. Medical solid waste is then transported to

the storage of hospitals. Hazardous solid waste is incinerated so as to meet standards of hazardous

medical waste treatment. However, the classification of medical solid wastes is not properly paid attention

in communal health care centres.

In general, An Giang has made a lot of effort to control solid waste, close full landfills, and invest in waste

incinerators; therefore, the collection rate is increasing annually and the planned targets have been

achieved. However, due to the limitation of investment in infrastructure, management ability and the

weaknesses in socialization of collection and classification process, the amount of solid waste is increasing

higher than estimated.

3.2.2 Disasters, environmental incidents and climate change

Natural disasters

Every year, An Giang often faces many types of disasters such as flood, erosion, saltwater intrusion,

whirlwind, and lightning. In spite of the benefits of flood such as sediment provision, and shrimp and fish

supply, it also causes a lot of damages. From 2011 to 2014, a part from the human loss (death/injuries),

the damage due to flood was VND 955.1 billion, storm VND 98.01 billion, land erosion VND173.14 billion,

etc. Landslide and erosion along Tien river in Tan Chay town, Phu Tan district, Cho Moi district and Long

Xuyen city were caused by weak land structure. Saltwater intrusion occurred in Rach Gia– Long Xuyen

canal. There are no trends in the occurrence of natural disasters in An Giang but it is variable year by year,

causing difficulties in forecasting and decision-making.

Climate change

Climate change in An Giang is indicated through the increase in the temperature, the change of rainfall and

drought, etc. Over the past 30 years (1979 – 2008), the average temperature in An Giang increased by

0.80C. The scenario of sea level rise showed negative consequences such as land area reduction, especially

Thoai Son district will suffer from the highest risk.


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Climate change also degrades and pollutes land resources because of saltwater intrusion, soil bleaching

and soil acidification. The change of rainfall will lead to saltwater instruction and erosion to river banks

and large areas of low land along Tien and Hau river where many fish farms are located; and important

roads of the province may be destroyed. The low land (islets, Long Xuyen plain and Chau Doc town) can be

inundated when the seawater level rise and flood from upstream. The change of rainfall also affects

surface water flow of the Mekong River to An Giang, including both normal flow and seasonal flow in flood

season and dry season, and leads to severe weather events. Droughts may lead to negative consequences

not only on surface water resource but also ground water resource, which will affect people’s daily living

and socio-economic development (cultivation, husbandry, tourism food security) in the province.

3.2.3 Concerned environmental problems

Although the environmental quality of An Giang is still under the control, the evaluation result showed

some emerging problems as follows:

Decline of water resources: was caused by the use of water at the upstream of the Mekong river,

the disordered use of ground water for production purposes, inappropriate economic structure,

the expansion of rice cultivation and fish farming, the development of fishery processing, the

increase in operations of industrial zones and clusters, and the limitation of industrial wastewater

control.

Water pollution: surface water resources of An Giang were polluted by: (i) industrial enterprises:

in spite of the establishment of wastewater collection and disposal system, the operation of this

system has not met the demands. In addition, many manufacturing facilities, which are located

outside of the industrial zones, still release untreated wastewater to the environment and affect

the water quality; (ii) solid waste, plant protection products from agricultural activities and

aquaculture; (iii) domestic wastewater from urban and rural areas which is not treated before

discharging directly into canals, rivers and streams. Ground water may be polluted by: (i) over-

exploitation of groundwater for irrigation and domestic activities; (ii) mineral exploitation and

processing does not only affect the terrain, but also water storage and drainage condition and

chemical properties of the water.

Degradation of land resources: Land resources may be degraded due to over- exploitation of

minerals for construction materials. An Giang’s land resources can be affected by the construction

of industrial zones/ clusters, shortage of landfill, sea level rise, temperature increase and

saltwater intrusion.

Change of biodiversity, especially wetlands and aquatic ecosystems: is caused by transforming the

economic structure to expand rice cultivation and aquaculture, wood and forestry product

processing industries, pollution from industrial zones/ clusters, infrastructure development,

particularly the development of sea and river harbours, the construction and operation of dyke

system to control flood and saltwater intrusion sluice gates.

Increase of municipal, industrial waste and waste from residential clusters/areas/zones: because of

the increasing population, the urbanization growth rate, the increase of industrial zones/clusters

operation, the amount of solid waste is expected to rapidly increase in the near future.

Meanwhile, the collection and treatment of waste, especially domestic solid waste, have not met

the standards. An Giang still lacks of landfills and effective solid waste treatment areas.


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Increasing environmental and disaster risks: An Giang’s economy has to face with problems which

are caused by climate change and activities using water in the upstream of the Mekong River.

Other environmental issues: Mineral resources have not been well managed yet, leading to massive

mining (e.g. minerals for construction materials) and inefficient use. Problems of environmental

pollution and degradation have not been solved. Planning progress, construction of concentrated

manufacturing sites, and relocation of production facilities which cause pollution is still slow.

Investments in infrastructure development of urban areas have not met the requirements of

sustainable development and green growth.

Among the above mentioned problems, the degradation of water resources and land resources, and the

change of biological diversity (wetlands ecology and aquatic resources) need to be prioritized as urgent

problems.

Part 4: Achievements And Limitations In Implementing Green Growth Strategy

4.1 Green investments

4.1.1 Achievements and results

Recently, An Giang showed a significant improvement in increasing financial resources for environmental

protection activities. The policy of using 1% of budget for environment activities was strictly obeyed by

the province authorities. Estimated state budget for environmental activities in the province for 2011 –

2014 was VND 317,618 million.

An Giang made an effort to utilize and effectively use the fund from National Target Programs and State

development funds to invest in environmental protection, and increase the investment rate from ODA

funds.

Investment budget in socio-economic infrastructure was allocated for key sectors and strictly managed.

Social resources which invest in transportation infrastructure, and production and service, have

considerably increased and played an important contribution to meet the province’s socio-economic

targets.

In the period of 2011-2014, the total state investment budget was VND 16,476 billion, of which the local

state budget made up VND 8,206 billion (49.81%). The budget invested in some projects such as Bac Vam

Nao flood control project, highway 91 bypass (Chua Doc – Tinh Bien), Ha Hoang Ho road, big Muong Khai

bridge, Cong Vong bridge, Ninh Phuoc bridge, provincial road 943, 02 provincial bridge 948 (Bung Tien &

Ta Dec bridge), An Giang university, projects of solidifying classroom, provincial and district hospitals. In

the province, there are 5,507 km of roads, 1,639 bridges with the length of 55.7km.

4.1.2 Limitations and remaining problems

Expenditures from the state budget for environmental objectives are often inadequate, even for

environmental protection projects which were listed in the province’s master plan or GGAP. Although the

cost of environmental activities was specifically estimated, in the period of 2011-2014, only VND 248,588

million was dispersed (around 78%), of which the expenditure of environmental activities at the district


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and commune levels was allocated to the public works committee of communes and districts to manage

public sanitation projects, solid waste treatment projects, environmental sanitation for residential areas

and the district’s division of natural resources and environment to implement state management

activities.

State and international support fund are often slowly processed which, consequently, affects the

implementation of environmental protection and green growth plans.

The mobilized investments have not met the demands: “green” development objectives mostly rely on the

state budget. The province has not yet attracted much investments from non-state sectors and private.

The utilisation of ODA projects for some prioritized projects such as socio-economic infrastructure

development (power, transportation, water supply and drainage, public projects) or environmental

protection projects, and natural disaster prevention projects has not been promoted.

An Giang has not established effective policies to attract investments in green strategies, innovations or

activities (for example, investments in development activities which consume less natural resources,

protect the environment and use recycled energy, clean technologies or green supply chain, etc.). Strong

financial and credit aid policies to direct investment flow to prioritized fields and sectors are not yet

available.

The mechanism for attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for green growth has not been innovated.

Comprehensive policies (land policy, land clearance, synchronous construction and gradual

modernization of infrastructure system, administrative procedures reform) have not set favourable

conditions to attract FDI for the growth targets. The mechanism for using FDI has not been adjusted to

focus on green growth fields such as recycled energy, solar power or hi-technology projects with

environmentally friendly products and high added value products.

Investments in pollution treatment in enterprises, especially small ones have not been paid sufficient

attention. Investments in waste collection and treatment infrastructure in craft villages, production areas

have not implemented as required.

Investments in improving the quality of human resources (especially high quality human resources) for

green growth and environmental protection are still limited.

4.2 Infrastructure development


Recently, there are incredible progresses in urban infrastructure improvement towards greening. The

province has invested in wastewater drainage and treatment system in Long Xuyen city with the total

capacity of 60,000m3/day.night; the capacity of stage I is 30,000m3/day.night (the project is under

construction). The wastewater drainage and treatment system in Chau Doc town with the total capacity of

5,000m3/day.night has been put into operation. The project of solid waste treatment complex in Binh Hoa

commune, Chau Thanh district, with the total area of 22.46 ha and the total capacity of 300 tonnes/day, is

being implemented. The wastewater treatment plant in Binh Hoa Industrial Zone, Binh Long, etc., with the

capacity of 2,000m3/day.night is being invested.


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The transportation and irrigation infrastructure is continuously invested and developed to meet the

economic development demand, especially for the agriculture sector, people’s transportation and goods

transportation. In which, the rural transportation is continuously invested, with the budget from state

bonds, irrigation fees and local state budget. The rural transportation is regarded to meet the basis needs

of production and transportation in rural areas. There are 623 zones in the province with the total length

of 5,372 km, to control the flood and to protect production activities in an area of more than 242.264 ha.

Among these areas, there are 397 zones being protected with the dyke system, with the total length of

3,779 km, to control the flood in an area of more than 176,079 ha; and 224 zones being protected with the

dyke system for flood control in August, with the total length of 1,585 km, protecting the two-season

production area of 62,771 ha. Besides, the province is implementing some infrastructure constructions

which are supported by ODA, including projects on irrigation system for agriculture; rural development in

Bac Vam Nao; Nam Vam Nao; Component 3 of the Disaster Risk Management project.

In the period 2011 - 2015, rural transportation lines of 1,906.8 km were improved and newly constructed,

including roads to communes’ centres, roads from communes to villages and trans-village roads. 462

bridges were upgraded and newly constructed, with the total length of 14,966.3m. The total investment

for rural transportation system is VND 1,343,885 million.

In the period 2011-2014, many resources are to improve and expand the power system, and to enhance

the power quality in order to provide reliable power supply. The province has constructed, improved and

repaired 567.87 km of mid-voltage transmission lines, 410.6 km of low-voltage transmission lines,

290,053 kVA of transformers, with the total investment of VND 676,277 million. In 2015, the province has

constructed, improved and repaired 123.9 km of mid-voltage transmission lines, 115 km of low-voltage

transmission lines; 10,085 kVA of transformers, with the total investment of VND 169.897 million. In

addition, under the framework of the National Target Program on New Rural Construction, there are 17

power supply constructions being built in key communes in the province. Some projects of improving and

expanding the power supply system which were actively prepared, include the project of “Providing

Power for Off-Grid Communes and Villages in An Giang Province in the Period 2013 – 2020”, the project

“Installing the Mid-Voltage Cables over Hau River Tributary to Provide Power for Pho Ba islet”. These two

projects are under development and waiting for approval of the Provincial People’s Committee.

The clean water supply and environmental sanitary system of the province is improving. The number of

concentrated water supply constructions increases from 123 (in 2005) to 202 (in 2015). The clean water

supply and environmental sanitary systems in key rural communes are prioritized for investments. These

systems are currently well managed; and most of the stations are regarded to be sustainable. In the period

of 2011 – 2015, there were 61 concentrated water supply constructions, 202 school sanitary

constructions, 30 sanitary constructions for health care centres, many sanitary constructions for

households and many standardized sanitary stalls being invested under the National Target Program on

clean water and rural sanitary environment, with the total expenditure of VND 245,759 million.

Therefore, at the end of 2015, the proportion of people having access to clean water in the province

(meeting the national standard QCVN 02:2009/BYT of clean water) is 80.03%. The proportion of rural

population having access to sanitary water is 96.82%.

Infrastructure for health and education has been invested and improved. In the period of 2011 – 2015, the

province has invested in improving and newly constructing 11 district hospitals, 11 district health care

centres, 5 regional general practitioner centres, and 39 commune health care centres. The commune


54 | G G A P

health care centres are invested to provide basic equipment for general diseases treatment, emergency,

and birth assistance at the centres and to implement health care programs, which generally meet the

demand of health care at the community. The province also focuses on investing in new constructions and

improvement of education infrastructure. In 2014, the province constructed 45 schools with the total

investment of VND 452,210 million (in which the provincial state budget was VND 317,246 million, and

district state budget was VND 134,964 million).

An Giang is one of the provinces having good telecommunication infrastructure. Currently, 100% of

communes in the province are constructed with postal and telecommunication stations. Internet service is

covered in the whole province; and people in communes and villages can access to internet connection

conveniently.

Commerce infrastructure is improved. New forms of business such as supermarkets and convenient stores

are invested and have been rapidly developing in communes and towns (especially in Long Xuyen city,

Tinh Bien duty free area). The system of rural markets is promoted and received concession investments

in improvement, restoration and new construction. By now, the total number of rural markets in the

province is 215 markets, in which the number of level-3 markets is 176.

4.2.2 Limitations and remaining problems

In spite of these achievements, the province’s technology infrastructure is incomprehensive and is not

modern enough to meet socio-economic development needs.

Investment attractions for industrial zones and clusters are low, leading to the fact that land uses in

industrial zones were not effectively managed.

Transportation infrastructure is small-scale and unreliable which does not meet socio-economic

development needs. Many roads have not been upgraded and concreted, causing difficulties for

transportation, especially in rural areas. The management and maintenance of roads has not been paid

considerable attention.

Power transmission system has improved but has not met the electricity needs for production and

domestic activities. Investment in the construction of low and medium voltage power grid is limited. In

some rural areas, especially remote areas, there is no grid-connected power for lighting in households.

Water supply projects were built a long time ago, and substantially degraded to meet local people’ needs

(around 60l/person/day). The output quality is not stable. The province has not promulgated any

effective policies to attract investments in the management and operation of water supply system;

therefore, there are insignificant investments in this activity.

There remain a lot of limitations in commercial infrastructure of the province. The systems of markets,

shopping centres and supermarkets in the province are monotonous. The traditional market is the most

popular type of market. Supermarkets and convenience stores only exist in cities or towns, but in small

scale with simple management system. The current markets still limit in facilities and management skills,

environmental sanitation, food safety and fire prevention and fighting.

Infrastructure for community healthcare was not sufficiently invested. At the end of 2015, only 48/119

communes (40.3%) had the national standardized health care centres. Although the health care quality


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was improved, many communes have not managed the local people’s health according to households.

Management and rehabilitation activities for disabled people in the community have not been paid

sufficient attention. Until 2014, the proportion of health care centres with doctors only made up 68% (the

targeted percentage is 84% by the end of 2015).

Culture and education infrastructures are still poor. Until 2013, the proportion of schools, which have

national standardized facilities, is very low (7.75%, being equivalent to 60/791 schools). The number of

communes, having qualified cultural and sport centres, is 6/119 communes (5.04%).

Environmental engineering infrastructure, especially domestic water supply and drainage system in rural

areas was improved but these infrastructures have not met the needs.

4.3 Environment improvement


There are particular efforts in solid waste collection and treatment in An Giang. The collection and

treatment rate is increasing every year. At the end of 2014, the proportion of solid waste, which was

collected and treated, was nearly 100%, the collection rate of industrial solid waste was 65%. A lot of

efforts were made to effectively close landfills to invest in waste incinerators, and implement solid waste

management measures. The implementation of solid waste collection in rural areas and communes got

significant results.

Although some specific areas were polluted at specific periods of time, in general, the environmental

quality (land, water, air and biological diversity) of An Giang is still under control. The indicators of water

and air quality are still accepted (according to the Vietnam standards).

The quality of surface water in river basins and canals is still maintained within accepted levels according

to the Vietnam standards.

Forestry resources have recently been paid more attention and better protected. An Giang maintains the

forest land area for many years. There was a slight decline in the forest area from 13,758.60 ha in 2010 to

12,208.04 ha in 2014, of which 582.94 ha is natural forest, and planted forest is 11,625.10 ha. Bare lands

in mountains areas are, in principle, covered with trees. Policies and target programs (forestland

allocation policy, program 327, 5 million ha reforestation program, socialization policy of the forestry

sector) are effectively implemented. The forest protection contracts to organizations and households

create positive impacts on forest management and protection. Environmental protection and erosion

prevention improves accordingly.

Land resources are well explored and protected. The state management of land resources has been

significantly improved. The land use planning and preparation and land use right certification have been

comprehensively implemented. The inspection and supervision on land, minerals and environment have

been enhanced.

To 2015, some environmental criteria have achieved the set targets. The forest cover rate was 22.4%, the

proportion of rural residents having access to clean water was 78.2%, while this proportion of urban

residents was 100%. The proportion of production facilities and businesses meeting environmental


56 | G G A P

standards was 86.9%. 100% of medical solid waste was collected and treated. In urban areas, 85% of

domestic solid waste was also collected.

Activities of response to climate change and disaster prevention were focused. The province reviewed,

adjusted and supplemented plans and projects of rebuilding residential areas which are vulnerable to

erosion, so as to minimize damages and ensure safety in case of any natural disasters. The embankment

system was constructed and maintained.

The province has paid more attention and created favourable conditions for energy savings and energy

efficiency for better implementation in departments and divisions. The propaganda and dissemination of

the Law on Energy Efficiency and Conservation and legal documents on energy conservation have been

implemented in many diverse forms. Many seminars were organized to disseminate the Law to

enterprises which intensively use energy. These seminars help to instruct enterprises to prepare their

annual and 5-year energy consumption plans and conduct energy audit reports. Other activities were

successfully implemented such as propaganda on newspapers, radio, and broadcasting and distributing

handouts on power savings, organizing competitions in energy savings and efficiency, implementation of

“Power saving cultural village”; “Power saving street”; program of replacement of incandescent lamps by

power saving compact lamps, etc. Most of businesses and residents are aware of energy savings. It was

estimated that in 2014 the province saved 41,228,306 kWh, being equivalent to 2.43% of the power

generation. In 2015, the power savings was estimated at 43,440,000 kWh (2.4% of the power generation).

In spite of some limitations, An Giang made an effort to explore and use recycled energy. The province

directly instructed the implementation of the model on application of solar water dripping irrigation

system for dragon fruits in Tinh Bien district and the combination of solar photovoltaic and power grid in

households. The projects of biogas tank type-KT1, KT2 to convert husbandry waste into environmental

friendly biogas were implemented. In 2014, 231 biogas projects were completed and operated in all areas

of the province. The propaganda and the support to use solar power water heaters were implemented.

Natural resources and environmental protection have been paid attention to; awareness of individuals

and enterprises has been raised. Investigations, monitoring and warnings of pollution, environmental

degradation and investigations and handling environmental violence are conducted regularly. Many

models and projects on natural resources, environmental protection and response to climate change were

implemented.

4.3.2 Remaining limitations

The management of solid waste in the province faces some difficulties in infrastructure investment and

operation expense, while the amount of domestic solid waste is increasing. The collection and treatment

rate is only 20-30% in rural areas and around 50% in urban areas. “Socialization” of collection and

treatment has not been effectively implemented.

Apart from achievements, there are some limitations in implementing the regulations on energy efficiency

and conservation. Many enterprises inactively support the implementation of the National Target Program

of Energy Efficiency and Conservation and the plan on energy savings and efficiency in the province in the

period of 2013 – 2015. The budget for implementing the National Target Program of Energy Efficiency and

Conservation was mainly supported from the local state budget which was very limited.


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Investment budget per 1 ha for forest plantation, maintenance and protection from the state budget is

very low; therefore it does not attract households to participate in. The forest land was scattered; the

forest production land is on areas with unfavorable climate conditions such as frequent immense floods

which cause negative impacts on the plantations. In some areas, the system of canals has not developed,

which also affects the effectiveness of forest protection. Other construction projects such as protection

stations, fire prevention canals, fire watch towers were degraded and needed to be repaired. Forestry

resources have not been explored effectively, especially the forest services (Price of melaleuca

continuously falls; the melaleuca market is unstable).

Although the current environment condition is relatively good, there is recently an increase in localized

pollution sources in some specific areas. Forestry and mineral resources and biodiversity are decreasing

due to over-exploitation. More suitable protection measures are needed because of increasing pollution

risks and ground water resource degradation due to the over-exploitation of mining and irrigation

activities.

State management of mineral resources still has a lot of problems; pollution and environmental

degradation have not been significantly improved. Waste treatment projects, especially domestic solid

waste projects in rural areas have not been implemented. The progress of planning and construction of

concentrated production areas and removal of pollution entities is slow.

Investments in landscapes and urban area infrastructure development have met development needs.

Environmental protection activities in urban areas, industrial zones and tourism service have not

positively changed.

Pollution prevention and environmental protection measures have not been paid attention to. The

investigation and monitoring activities of environmental polluters have not been fostered. Environmental

violence is not strictly addressed. Serious measures such as closing or removing polluters out of

residential areas, requiring to invest in standardized solid waste treatment system, have not been taken.

4.4 Institutional strengthening


Policy framework and relevant legal documents on natural resources and environmental management and

protection develop and revise on the basis of policies and guidelines of the Party and the Government,

legislations on environmental protection, taking into consideration of local conditions.

To achieve the targets of environmental protection and sustainable development, apart from following

legal documents, An Giang also issued many documents to direct environmental protection activities in

departments and divisions. Many environmental protection programs and plans were promulgated; the

administrative process was reformed; the relations between organizations and divisions working in the

environmental sector were adjusted. The provincial authority promulgated and directed policies and

procedures to address environmental pollution (policies on handling localized pollution of wastewater in

river banks, streams, and canals, and collecting domestic solid waste, and other policies on handling

serious polluters). The province also amended and issued new policies to foster state management of

environment protection in craft villages, industrial zones/ clusters; launched the “Plan of energy efficiency

and conservation in An Giang in the period 2016 – 2020” (Decision No. 1061/QĐ- UBND, dated April 15th


58 | G G A P

2016), newly promulgated policies on environmental sensitive areas, production and business types with

limited investments, and etc.

The above mentioned legal and technical foundations are used to direct stakeholders to implement

activities of environmental protection, natural resources management and use with regards to green

growth. In addition, the province also develops, revises and promulgates other policies on environmental

protection in each specific sector to specify legal documents and guidelines to be suitable for specific

conditions in the province.

State management system in environmental sector in the province has been improved in terms of

organization, human resources, and facilities to meet given requirements and tasks. There are 268

officials, public servants and staffs in An Giang’s Department of Natural Resources and Environment. The

management units of the Department consist of four functional divisions, two administrative units (Sub-

Department of Environmental Protection and Sub- Department of Land Administration) and four affiliated

business units (Centre for Natural Resources and Environment Monitoring and Techniques; Centre for

Land Use Development; Environment Protection Fund, Office for Land use Registration and Natural

Resources and Environment Information)

In districts and communes, there was an increase in the quality and quantity of environment officers. The

district Division of Natural Resources and Environment have officials in charge of environmental

protection, and some communes have qualified agriculture and environment public servants.

4.4.2 Limitations

Apart from achievements, there are many limitations in the provincial institutional system which causes

difficulties in achieving targets of the National Green Growth Strategy and Action Plan.

Institutional framework and legislative systems of environmental protection and sustainable development

have been paid more attention to, but they are not comprehensive and rapidly responsive to emerging

needs. The review of legal documents, strategies, and plans has not been carefully conducted to figure out

unsuitable aspects with the orientations of the National Green Growth Strategy and Action Plan; therefore,

no concise and clear recommendations were suggested and no guidelines were issued.

The tasks of environmental protection, response to climate change and green growth implementation

have not been integrated into plans, master plans, and development projects of the province, and have not

been given as important criteria to get approval for these above mentioned documents.

It lacks close collaboration among departments and members of state management organizations in the

province to implement tasks and activities aiming at green growth and sustainable development targets.

There are no clear criteria to select green growth activities, program or projects in the localities.

Basic investigation activities have not met the demand of timely and updated information and data on

environment changes. The exchange of information and data to monitor, assess and report regularly on

the current status of green growth, natural resources and environmental management is still weak. There

are no frameworks or criteria on monitoring, assessing and reporting on the implementation of the green

growth strategy and action plan;


59 | G G A P

Budget for response to climate change, sustainable development and green growth is still limited. Annual

budget for environmental activities is insufficient to implement environmental projects and the tasks

identified in the plans/ master plans (for example, upscaling the models of collection and treatment of

disposed pesticides bottles, construction of wastewater treatment stations in industrial zones/clusters,

wastewater treatment system in hospitals, etc.). The supporting fund from government or international

organizations are often delayed, meanwhile the province has not actively prepared a fund for green

growth targets, and has not mobilized financial supports from other (non-state) economic sectors.

Human resources in departments, divisions, districts and towns have not been qualified and trained on

green growth. Investments in strengthening the capacity of state management on environmental

protection are significantly low, especially in lower levels (districts and communes). There are no

institutions or specific policies on mobilization and management of resources (human, natural and

financial capital) for sustainable development and green growth to 2020 with vision to 2030.

Awareness of local communities on green growth, mitigation and response to climate change is limited.

Not only residents in rural areas but also business owners in urban areas have not demonstrated good

awareness and progress in the process of waste ownership registration, submitting their periodical

reports on environmental monitoring, making plans on response to environmental incidents; and

avoiding investments in waste treatment facilities, etc.


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9.00

8.00

7.00

6.00

5.00

4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00

-1.00

APPENDIX 3: POTENTIAL GHG EMISSION REDUCTION IN AN GIANG PROVINCE

3.1 Situation and trends of emission in An Giang province

Figure 1 presents the situation and trends of emission in An Giang province to 2020 without

implementation of GGAP.

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020

Emissions from waste 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

Carbon absorption by forest (0.07) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.03) (0.04)

Emissions from aquaculture and fishery

0.18 0.19 0.16 0.14 0.10 0.05 0.04

Emissions from husbandary and cultivation

4.07 4.19 4.31 4.42 4.34 4.49 4.41

Emissions from industrial processes 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.07

Direct emission from road traffic 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.31 0.41

Emissions of other fuel uses 0.16 0.20 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.17

Indirect emissions from electricity consumption

0.66 0.82 0.83 0.90 0.96 1.48 3.21

Total emissions 5.35 5.73 5.80 5.98 5.92 6.58 8.29

Figure 1: Situation and trends of emission in An Giang province to 2020

in business-as-usual scenario, including forestry production

Through GHG emission inventory in An Giang province, the total emission of the province was estimated

to be 6.57 million tCO2e in 2015; and in the business-as-usual scenario, the total emission of the province

is 8.29 million tCO2e. The emission proportion of An Giang province to 2020 out of the national emission

is presented in the Table 1.


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Table 1: Emission share of An Giang province to 2020 in business-as-usual scenario,

without GGAP

Indicator Year

Emission (ktCO2) 2010 2020

An Giang 5,346.89 8,293.96

Vietnam (BUR1) 246,831 466,000

Share out of the national emission (%) 2.17% 1.78%

Emission from rice cultivation (ktCO2)

An Giang 3,668.60 3,901.76

Vietnam (BUR1) 44,614 39,360

Share out of the national emission (%) 8.22% 9.91%

Population (thousand people)

An Giang 2,148 2,175

Vietnam 86933 96170

Emission intensity per capita

An Giang 2.49 3.81

Vietnam 2.84 4.93

By 2020, the emission is expected to increase 55% compared to that of 2010. At the same time, the

emission intensity per capital of An Giang will increase more than 53% if the GGAP of An Giang is not

implemented. Among different sectors, emissions from husbandry - crop production as well as power

consumption will account for a large proportion, being equivalent to 76% and 12.4% of the total emission

in 2015, respectively. By 2020, the emission from husbandry - crop production reduces to 53.3% due to

the provincial policies on reducing the proportion of agriculture while increasing the proportion of

industry and service. Meanwhile, the emission from power consumption is expected to account for 38.7%

of the total GHG emission of the province. Out of the total emission from power consumption, the

percentage of emissions from power consumption for residential sector and industry – construction is the

highest.

On the basis of GHG inventory and analysis, a list of emission reduction solutions is proposed, focusing on

some prioritized sectors of the province in the next period, including: Industry – Construction (brick,

textile – garment and fishery processing), husbandry - crop production and residential sector. The list of

solutions will be presented in next section.

3.2 List of proposed GHG emission reduction solutions

On the basis of analysing the status and GHG emission trends of the province as well as reviewing different

master plans, action plans2 and socio-economic priorities of the province, a list of GHG emission solutions

of the province has been recommended, including analysing the status and risks during the

implementation of the solutions as presented in Table 2.

2 Plans implemented or got approval of their concept notes before 2010 are consider baseline scenarios


62 | G G A P

Table 2. List of GHG emission reduction solutions in different sectors3

No GHG emission reduction

solutions Practicality of the solutions

Potential barriers/ risks of

solutions

I Energy

I.1 RESIDENTIAL AREA

1

Sustainable energy for

community – improved

wood stove

Being suitable for rural and

mountainous areas because of

cleaner and more economic cooking

Reducing emission from

deforestation

Limited awareness of the

people

2

Sustainable energy for

community – Improved

biogas stove

Being suitable for rural and

mountainous areas

Cleaner and more saving cooking

GHG emission reduction

Investment in biogas

system

High investment

3 Energy saving air

conditioner in households

Being suitable in urban areas

Reducing emission from electricity

consumption

High investment

Attitude in energy

savings of the people is

low

4

Replacement of T10 CFL

by LED lamp in residential

lighting

Being suitable in rural and urban

areas


consumption

High investment

5 Solar power water heater

in households

Being suitable in rural and urban

areas

An Giang is the province with good

solar radiation in Mekong Delta

region


consumption

High investment

Attitude in energy


low

6 Power saving fridge in

households

Being suitable for urban areas


consumption

High investment

Attitude in energy


low

I.2 TRANSPORTATION

7 Piloting the consumption

of biofuel

Being suitable for national policy on

biofuel consumption

Reducing environmental pollution and

GHG emission

Lack of fuel supply

Traditional fuel is much

cheaper than biofuel

Awareness of the people

on biofuel is low

Technical risks of biofuel

when driving

8 Replacement of roadway Being suitable for the provincial policy Financial cost

3 The proposed solution list is subject to change based on practical situations


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transportation with inland

waterway transportation

on promoting waterway

transportation

Reducing environmental pollution and

GHG emission

Investment barriers

I.3

SERVICE (Office buildings,

hotels, shopping centres

and restaurants)

9

Using LED in replacement

of CFL in office buildings

and hotels

Being suitable for urban areas and

buildings, offices, restaurants with

aesthetic value and good lighting

intensity


consumption

High investment

10 Energy management

system

Being suitable for the Law on Energy

Efficiency

Reducing emission from using

electricity efficiently and raising

awareness among staffs and energy

consumers

Awareness of the

managing staffs is not

good

11 Using power saving air

conditioner

Being suitable for office buildings and

restaurants


consumption

High investment

I.4 AGRICULTURE

12 Using LED in fishery Energy savings


High investment

13

Wastewater treatment for

power generation in

aquaculture

Energy savings


Being renewable energy

High investment

14 Using high efficient

agricultural pumps

Energy savings


Power consumption for irrigation

accounts for a large share of total

power consumption in agriculture

High investment

15 Using efficient aeration

turbine in aquaculture

Energy savings


High investment

I.5 INDUSTRY

16 Manufacturing of non-

heat brick

Being suitable for development policy

on construction material of the

government

Energy consumption reduction

Pollution and GHG emission reduction

High investment

17 Energy management in Being suitable for sustainable Requirements on high


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textile and garment

enterprises

development policy of the province

and the construction sector

Being suitable for the development of

the national clean and green

industries

Energy savings and GHG emission

reduction

expertise energy

managers

Continuously improved

system

18

Energy management in

food processing

enterprises

Being suitable for sustainable




the national clean and green

industries


reduction

Requirements on high

expertise energy

managers

Continuously improved

system

19

Improving the cooling

system in fishery

processing enterprises





national clean and green industries


reduction

High investment and

operational cost

Technological barriers

Barriers on awareness of

the factories’ leaders

Knowledge barriers

I.6 ENERGY PRODUCTION

20

Developing grid-

connected solar power

plants




The provincial policy on prioritizing

renewable energy


High investment

There is no policy

framework on solar

power price

Technological barriers

21

Developing grid-

connected rice husk based

power plants




The provincial policy on prioritizing

renewable energy

An Giang has potential on rice husk

supply


Risk of supportive policy

Risk of rice husk

suppliers

22

Improving the

transmission lines

Installing amorphous

transformers

Reducing loss during transmission

Being suitable for the national policy

Financial barriers


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II Agriculture

II.1 CROP PRODUCTION

1

Applying “3 decreases 3

increases” and “1 must 5

decreases” in rice

cultivation

Reducing the amount of seeds,

fertilizers and chemicals during the

crop production

CH4 emission reduction

Simple technique that can be easily

applicable and brings the highest

productivity

It is necessary to develop

the irrigation system for

active water regulation

People’s awareness

Reducing CH4, while

increasing N2O.

2

Applying the alternate

wetting drying irrigation

and improved rice

cultivation methods

Climate change adaptation, disaster

risk reduction

Water savings, drought prevention

People’s awareness

Irrigation system

Initial investment cost

3

Using compost fertilizer

for rice farming and high

technology mushroom

production

Limiting the burning of rice straw

Maximizing the GHG emission

reduction

Simple technique that can be easily

applicable

The acceptance of

farmers to new

technique

II.2 HUSBANDRY

4

Managing and treating

waste from husbandry by

biogas tank, applying

advanced technologies of

water treatment in

husbandry into the

concentrated husbandry

Being suitable for the development

orientation of concentrated

husbandry of the province

Developing the sustainable husbandry

and improving the environment

Reducing CH4 emission by dung

management/ treatment

Well managing and using

the biogas

High initial investment

cost

III FORESTRY

1

Sustainable management

of the existing natural

protection forest

Being suitable for the forestry

development orientations of the

province

Improving local people’s livelihood

Increasing the capability of carbon

storage of forestation

Cost for forest

protection and

management

2

Enriching the forestry and

managing, protecting the

existing natural

production forest, with

exploitation cycle of 20

years

Being suitable for the forestry

development orientations of the

province

Improving local people’s livelihood



Cost for forest

protection and

management

3 Planting 1,000 ha of Improving local people’s livelihood Initial cost


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melaleuca on aluminous

wetland for foundation

construction



Market study

IV WASTE MANAGEMENT

1 Reducing emission from

organic treatment


(Intended Nationally Determined

Contributions – INDC)

Improving local people’s quality of life


Initial cost

Market study

2 Using and burning gas

from landfill






Initial cost

Market study

3 Collecting and recycling

materials from solid waste






Initial cost

Market study

4

Collecting and using

methane from the

controlled solid waste

anaerobic digestion

system






Initial cost

Market study

3.3 Results of calculating potential of GHG emission reduction according to sectors

3.3.1 Energy sector

There are 22 solutions at total which are recommended for energy sector in order to reduce GHG

emissions in An Giang province by 2020. The calculated result of Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC)

is presented in Table 3.


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Table 3. Cost and potential of GHG emission reduction of different solutions by energy sector

(listed according the priority on marginal cost for reduction)

No Solutions Budget

(bil. VND)

Cost for emission reduction

(thousand VND /tCO2e)

Potential of GHG emission

reduction by (ktCO2)

Total potential of added GHG

emission reduction (ktCO2e)

1 Using LED lamps for fishery 30.0 -14,262 0.431 0.431

2 Manufacturing non-fired brick 50.9 -4,483 50.875 51.31

3 Using efficient aeration turbine in aquaculture

51.0 -3,537 31.740 83.05

4 High efficient lighting 6.6 -2,811 25.099 108.15

5

Transforming from roadway transportation into inland water transportation for goods

0.5

-2,026

20.252

128.40

6 Energy management system in food processing enterprises

3.9

-1,578

8.166

136.56

7

Utilizing wastewater for power generation in aquaculture

100.0 -1,491 8.352 144.92

8

Energy management system in textile and garment enterprises

1.6

-1,326

0.414

145.33

9 Improved biogas stove 1.3 -950 6.903 152.23

10 Improved wood stove in rural areas

4.3 -600 79.655 231.89

11 Solar power water heater in urban households

82.4 -523 34.797 266.68

12 Power saving lighting in rural households

1.3 880 4.794 271.48

13 Power saving fridge in urban households

823.8 1,414 5.011 276.49

14 Power saving air conditioner in urban households

164.8

1,414

2.784

279.27

15 Power saving air conditioner in restaurants - hotels

70.9

1,414

1.198

280.47

16 Biomass power (Rice husk based power)

33.0 1,632 3.960 284.43

17

Replacing gasoline for motorbikes with bioethanol E5

- 2,872 0.571 285.00

18 Replacing gasoline for cars with bioethanol E5

- 2,884 0.047 285.05

19 Using high efficient agricultural pumps

75.0 4,445 16.775 301.82


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20 Grid-connected solar power 460.0 5,699 1.980 303.80

21 Improving the cooling system in industries

371.7 9,148 26.410 330.21


400.0 20,430 0.004 330.22

The total emission reduction of 22 solutions is 330.22 thousand tCO2, being equivalent to 4.0% compared

to the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario by 2020. Figure 3 presents the calculated results in form of a

graph.


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Figure 2. MACC of energy sector in An Giang by 2020

Among 22 recommended solutions, there are eleven solutions whose emission reduction costs are

negative. In other words, implementation of these solutions will bring more benefits than its investment

cost. These 11 solutions help to reduce the amount of GHG emission which is equivalent to 3.22% of the

total emission in BAU scenario by 2020.

1 Using LED lamps for fishery

2 Manufacturing non-heat brick

3 Using efficient aeration turbine in aquaculture

4 High efficient lighting

5 Transforming from roadway transportation into inland water transportation for freight

6 Utilizing wastewater for power generation in aquaculture

7 Energy management system in textile and garment enterprises

8 Improved biogas stove

9 Improved wood stove in rural areas

10 Solar power water heater in urban households

11 Improving the cooling system in industries

12 Power saving lighting in rural households

13 Power saving fridge in urban households

14 Power saving air conditioner in urban households

15 Power saving air conditioner in restaurants – hotels

16 Biomass power (Rice husk based power)

17 Replacing gasoline for motorbikes with bioethanol E5

18 Replacing gasoline for cars with bioethanol E5

19 Using high efficient agriculture pumps

20 Grid-connected solar power

21 Energy management system in food processing enterprises



70 | G G A P

3.3.2 Agricultural sector

There are four solutions being recommended in agricultural sector, three of which are used for crop

production and one remaining solution is applied for husbandry. The MACC calculation is presented in

Table 4.

Table 4. Cost and potential of GHG emission reduction of different solutions

by agricultural sector

No Description of GHG emission reduction

Decrease in Marginal Cost (thousand

VND/tCO2)

Emission reduction by 2020

(thousand tCO2)

I Crop production 539

1 Applying “3 decreases 3 increases” and “1 must 5 decreases” in rice cultivation

-6,120 397

2

Applying the water saving irrigation and ecological technology

Applying the alternate wetting drying irrigation and improved rice cultivation system

1,600 127.37

3

Utilizing agricultural residues

Using compost fertilizer of agricultural residues and high quality mushroom production

-1,200 14.6

II Husbandry 105.12

4 Pollution reduction in husbandry 97.05 105.12

Total emission reduction 644.1

Total GHG emission reduction of four solutions is 644.1 thousand tCO2, being equivalent to 7.8% of

emission reduction of BAU scenario by 2020. Out of four recommended solutions, there are two solutions

that have the negative emission reduction cost as presented in Table 4.


71 | G G A P

1 Applying “3 decreases 3 increases” and “1 must 5 decreases”

2 Reduce pollutants in husbandry

3 Applying the water saving irrigation and ecological technology

4 Utilizing agricultural residues

Figure 3. MACC of agricultural sector in An Giang by 2020


72 | G G A P

3.3.3 Forestry sector

Forestry sector has identified three solutions to enhance the carbon storage by forestation and forest

protection. MACC calculation for different solutions is presented in Table 5.

Table 5: Cost and potential of GHG emission reduction of different solutions by forestry sector

Emission reduction solutions Reduction cost

(thousand VND/tCO2e) Reduction potential

(thousand tCO2)


13.2 173.02

Enriching the forest and managing, protecting the existing natural production forest, with exploitation cycle of 20 years.

15.62 26.24

Planting 1,000 ha of cajuput on aluminous wetland for foundation construction

16.72 140.32

Total 339.58

The three recommended solutions have the positive GHG emission reduction cost. The total emission

reduction of these three solutions is 339.58 thousand tCO2, accounting for 4.1% of the total emission of

the province by 2020.


73 | G G A P

1 Sustainable management of the existing natural protection forest

2 Enriching the forestry and managing, protecting the existing natural production forest, with

exploitation cycle of 20 years

3 Planting 1,000 ha of cajuput on aluminous wetland for foundation construction

Figure 4. MACC of forestry sector in An Giang by 2020

3.3.4 Waste management sector

Regarding waste management sector, there are four solutions of treating residential solid waste. The

MACC calculations for different solutions are presented in Table 6.


74 | G G A P

Table 6. Cost and potential of GHG emission reduction of different solutions

by waste management sector

Emission reduction solution Reduction cost

(Thousand VND/tCO2e) Reduction potential

(thousand tCO2)

Reducing emission from organic treatment -182.6 34.99

Utilizing and burning gas from landfill -28.6 3.49

Collecting and reusing materials from solid waste -1751.2 2.11

Collecting and using methane from controlled aerobic digestion system for organic waste

7189.6 29.27

Total 69.86

Out of four recommended solutions, there are three solutions whose GHG emission reduction cost is

negative. Total emission reduction of the four solutions is 69.86 thousand tCO2, accounting for 0.84% of

the total emission of the province in BAU scenario by 2020.

1 Collecting and recycling materials from solid waste

2 Reducing emission from organic treatment

3 Using and burning gas from landfill

4 Collecting and using methane from the controlled solid waste anaerobic digestion system

Figure 5: MACC of waste management sector in An Giang by 2020


75 | G G A P

From the above analysis, total GHG emission reduction could be achieved in four sectors: Energy,

Agriculture, Forestry and Waste Management, which is 1.41 million tCO2, accounting for 16.7% of the

total emission of BAU scenario if GGAP is not implemented.

Regarding GHG emission scenario, there are two scenarios to be considered. In the low scenario, the

province will put the priority on most of the GHG emission reduction solutions whose emission reduction

costs are negative and which does not require a lot of expenditures, and some solutions of planting and

protecting natural forests. In this case, the total GHG emission reduction is expected to be 863.5 thousand

tCO2 (17 solutions), being equivalent to 10.4% of total emission of the BAU scenario (BAU-2020).

In the high scenario, solutions with positive emission reduction costs and high investment costs (forest

planting and renewable power). In this case, 520.2 thousand tCO2 of GHG emission reduction will be

added (with the implementation of 16 supplementary solutions), accounting for the investments in

renewable energy and high efficient energy applications in residential sector.

The two following scenarios are considered in the GGAP of An Giang province, which are summarized in

Table 7.

Table 7: GHG emission reduction scenario in GGAP of An Giang province

Scenario Description

Total emission reduction

(million tCO2)

Reduction amount compared to BAU -

2020

Voluntary emission reduction scenario

17 solutions of emission reduction will be implemented. Costs for these solutions are negative or relatively low. These solutions are implemented with the provincial budget and support from State Budget and support of international community.

0.86 10.4%

Emission reduction scenario with the support of international partners

33 solutions of emission reduction will be implemented with provincial budget, national and international support.

1.38 16.7%


76 | G G A P

Table 8: Emission reduction intensity of An Giang in case of implementing GGAP

Main sectors Unit 2010 2015 2020

Business as usual scenario (BAU) Million tCO2 5.35 6.58 8.29

GG scenario - Voluntary Million tCO2 5.35 6.58 7.43

In which, contribution of key sectors:

Agriculture Million tCO2 0.60

Industry, Trade and Construction (Energy) Million tCO2

0.20

Transportation Million tCO2 0.02

GG scenario – with support Million tCO2 5.35 6.58 6.91

GRDP of the province (current price) Billion VND 48,330 67,475 105,463

GHG emission intensity /GRDP – BAU scenario tCO2/mil.VND

0.110

0.097

0.079

GHG emission intensity /GRDP – voluntary GG scenario

tCO2/mil.VND

0.070

GHG emission intensity /GRDP – supported GG scenario

tCO2/mil.VND

0.066

Emission intensity reduction amount compared to voluntary GG scenario 2010

10.4%

Emission intensity reduction amount compared to supported GG scenario 2010

16.7%


77 | G G A P

Figure 6 indicates the emission trends of An Giang province without GGAP and different GG scenarios

Figure 6: Emission curve of BAU scenario and GG scenario by 2020 of An Giang province

Table 9 presents the assumptions for MACC calculation for different emission solutions.

Table 9: Assumptions for MACC in energy sector

Sector Solution Input/ Assumption Value Description of the solution

RESIDENTIAL

Improved wood

stove

Current number of traditional stoves

100,000 It is assumed that there are

currently 100,000 households

cooking with traditional stoves

in An Giang. By 2020, 30% of

these traditional stoves will be

replaced with improved wood

stove which is highly efficient

and woods saving. The cost for

the improved wood stoves is

300 thousand VND and its

efficiency is 29%.

Replacement ratio by 2020 30%

Investment cost (thousand VND)

300

Operation cost (thousand VND)

Device/ project lifetime (year)

3

Biogas stove Current number of traditional stoves

100,000 It is assumed that there are


78 | G G A P

Replacement ratio by 2020 30% currently 100,000 households

cooking with traditional stoves

in An Giang. By 2020, 30% of

these traditional stoves will be

replaced with biogas stove

which is highly efficient and

cleaner. The cost for the biogas

stove is 450 thousand VND and

its efficiency is 45%.


450



5

Energy saving air

conditioner

Current number of old air conditioner

54,000 On the basis of population structure, urbanization rate and the assumption of one air conditioner per three households, it is assumed that there are currently 54,000 old air conditioners in An Giang. Old air conditioners are low efficient and consume a lot of energy. The energy saving air conditioner is 20% more efficient than the old air conditioners. However, its investment cost is also higher, about 10 million VND/ piece. By 2020, 30% of these old air conditioners will be replaced.



10,000



10

Power saving LED

lamp

Current number of T10 CFLs 300,000

It is assumed that there are

300,000 CFLs in the province

and 50% of them will be

replaced with LED by 2020.



100


Device/ project lifetime (h) 50,000

Solar power

water heater in

households

Current number of power water heater

54,000 An Giang has high potential of

solar energy; therefore, the

application of solar power

water heater in replacement of

power water heater is a good

solution. It is assumed that

there are 54,000 power water

heaters in the province and

30% of these water heaters will

be replaced by 2020. Cost for

the system investment is 5



5,000



15


79 | G G A P

million VND and its lifetime is

15 years.

Power saving

fridge

Current number of old fridge 54,000

On the basis of population

structure, urbanization rate

and the assumption of one

fridge per three households, it

is assumed that there are

54,000 old fridges in An Giang

province. Old fridges are low

efficient and consume a lot of

energy. The energy saving

fridge is 20% more efficient

than the old fridges. Its

investment cost is also higher,

about 50 million VND/ piece

and its lifetime is 30 years at

average. By 2020, 30% of these

old fridges will be replaced.



50,000


Device lifetime (year) 30

TRANSPORTATION

Piloting the

consumption of

bioethanol E5

Number of vehicles 580,000 It is assumed that there are

580,000 gasoline operated

motorbikes in the province. By

2020, 5% of these vehicles will

use bioethanol E5. The added

investment cost is

inconsiderable due to the

shared infrastructure of

traditional gasoline supply

system.





20

Transportation

pattern

transformation

(roadway into

waterway)

Conversion factor 98g/ton-

km

It is assumed that 20% of

goods which is currently

transported by roadway will be

transported by inland

waterway. Replacement ratio by 2020 20%

SERVICE

Replacement of

CFLs with LEDs in

office buildings

and hotels

Current number of CFLs 10,000 It is assumed that there are

10,000 CFLs currently used for

office buildings and hotels in

the province, and 50% of these

CFLs will be replaced with high-

efficient LEDs by 2020. The

investment cost is 173



173



80 | G G A P


12 thousand VND per lamp, with

the lifetime of 12 year.

Solar power

water heater for

small hotels

Current number of water heaters in hotels

10,000 There are 10,000 power water

heaters, with the capacity of

30 litters in small hotels in the

province. It is assumed that

50% of these water heaters will

be replaced with solar power

water heaters, with capacity of

30 times higher. The

investment cost is 50 million

VND /1000 liter system, with

the lifetime of 15 years.



50,000



15

Replacement of

high pressure

sodium lamps

with LEDs for

public lighting

Number of high pressure sodium lamps for public lighting

10,000

It is assumed that there are

10,000 high pressure sodium

lamps currently used for public

lighting and 50% of these

lamps will be replaced with

highly efficient and power

saving LEDs. Investment cost is

1.67 million VND per one LED

system, with lifetime of 10

years.



1,670



10

ENERGY

CONSUMPTION IN

AGRICULTURE

AND

AQUACULTURE

Application of

LEDs in fishery

Number of high pressure sodium lamps for fishery

20,000 There are about 1,000 fishing

boats in the province, with

20,000 high pressure sodium

lamps. It is assumed that 50%

of the high pressure sodium

lamps will be replaced with

LEDs by 2020. The investment

cost is 3 million per one LED

system, with the lifetime of 5

years.



3.000



5

Treating

wastewater for

power generation

in aquaculture

Installed capacity of power from biogas

2MW Aquaculture is one of key

sectors which is targeted in the

province’s socio- economic

development plan. It is

assumed that by 2020, there

are 2MW of power from biogas



50,000,000


81 | G G A P


being installed by treating

wastewater of aquaculture.

The generated power is used

for running aeration fans. The

investment cost is 50 billion

VND/MW, with the lifetime of

15 years.


15

Using high-

efficient aeration

turbine in

aquaculture

Current number of old aeration fan

6,000

Aquaculture is one of key

sectors is strength of the

province. By 2020, it is planned

that there are 1,500 ha of

aquaculture in the province,

which requires 6,000 aeration

fans. It is assumed that 50% of

low-efficient aeration fans will

be replaced with high- efficient

aeration turbine whose

efficiency is triple the old ones.



8,500



5

Using high-

efficient

agricultural

pumps

Total necessary capacity 72,046 kW



64,841,000

Power savings 50,835 million

kWh


7 year

INDUSTRY

Manufacturing of

non-fired brick in

replacement of

traditional bricks

manufactured by

burning coal

Developing non- fired brick production line with total capacity of 203.5 million

piece by 2020

203.5

million

By 2020, it is expected that 17

production lines of non-fired

brick will be developed,

manufacturing 12 million

pieces per one production line.

The investment cost is 8.8

billion VND/ kiln/ 12 million

pieces/ year. The lifetime is 20

years.

Number of production lines 17


8.800.000

Operation cost (%) 2%

Device/ project lifetime (year) 20

Energy

management

system in textile

and garment

Emission reduction amount (thousand tCO2)

16 The textile and garment is one

of the important sectors,

consuming a large amount of

power, at more than 3.4

Application ratio by 2020 100%

Investment cost (billion VND)


82 | G G A P

sector Operation cost (%of total investment)

million MWh/year. In order to

reduce consumed energy, it is

necessary to equip the energy

management system. The

added investment cost is

unnecessary.

Device/ project lifetime

(year)

Energy

management

system in food

processing sector

Emission reduction amount (thousand tCO2)

9.5 The food processing is one of

the important sectors, with

total production value of 334

thousand tonnes by 2020 for

aquatic product processing

only. In order to reduce

consumed energy, it is

necessary to equip the energy

management system.



3.8

Operation cost (% of total investment)


Improving the

cooling systems

in aquatic

products

processing

sectors

Emission reduction amount (thousand tCO2) 30.8

The food processing industry is

one of the important sectors,

with total production value of

334 thousand tonnes by 2020

for aquatic product processing

only. In order to reduce

consumed energy, it is

necessary to equip the modern

cooling system as this system

consumes a lot of energy in the

fishery production and

processing industry.


Investment cost (billion VND) 371



Replacement of

transmission

transformers

with amorphous

transformers

Number of transformers 800

Replacing 800 transmission

transformers with amorphous

transformers to reduce

transmission loss.

Application ratio by 2020

Investment cost (billion VND) 400


0%


ENERGY

PRODUCTION

Grid- connected

solar power

plants

Installed capacity of grid-connected solar power plants (MW)

10 It is expected that one piloted

solar power plant with capacity

of 10 MW will be developed in

An Giang. The investment cost

is 46 billion VND/MW, and the

operation cost is 2%. The solar

Grid-connection rate by

2020 100%

Investment cost (billion 46.000


83 | G G A P

VND) power plant is assumed to

replace one grid-connected

coal thermal power plant with

the same capacity.

Operation cost (% of total

investment) 2%


20

Grid- connected

rice husk based

power plant

Installed capacity of grid-connected rice husk based power plant (MW)

10MW An Giang has the advantage of

abundant rice husk sources

which are suitable for

construct the rice husk based

power plants.

The investment cost is 30

billion VND /MW, and the

operation cost is 2%. The rice

husk based power plant will

replace one grid- connected

coal thermal power plant.

Grid-connection rate by 2020

100%


30,000


2%


20

Power savings (kWh) 41,662

Investment cost (million VND/ equipment)

800

Lifetime of the equipment 30 years

Table 10: Assumptions for MACC in agriculture sector

Sector Solutions Value Description of the solutions

AGRICULTURE

Applying “3 decreases 3

increases” and “1 must 5

decreases” in rice ultivation

100,000ha

The techniques “3 decreases 3 increases” helps to respond to climate change and CH4 emission reduction in rice cultivation. It is assumed that by 2020, 100,000 ha of rice field will be applied with this technique.

Applying the water saving irrigation and ecological technology Applying the alternate wetting drying irrigation and improved rice cultivation system

10,000ha

This solution helps to reduce GHG emission and respond to climate change. It is assumed that by 2020, 10,000 ha of rice field will be applied with this technique.

Utilizing agricultural residues Applying compost fertilizer from agricultural residues and high technology mushroom production

30%

Utilizing rice straw to make organic fertilizer helps to reduce annual emission from burning rice straw. It is assumed that by 2020, 30% of the cultivated field will be applied with this technique.


84 | G G A P

Utilizing rice straws for making

biochar for cultivation 30%

Biochar is a new solution for treating agricultural residues, particularly post- harvested rice straw. It is planned that by 2020, 30% of cultivated field will be applied with this technique.

Treating cattle’s dungs with biogas tank

3,600

digesters

It is mentioned in the provincial socio- economic development plan that the production of husbandry will increase, including 180,000 pigs. It is assumed that one biogas tank needs 10 pigs, and the implementation ratio is 20%, by 2020, there will be 3,600 biogas tanks in the province.

Table 11: Assumptions for MACC in forestry sector


FORESTRY


10,550 ha The protection forest planning of the province is 10,550 ha by 2020

Enriching forests and managing, protecting the existing natural production forest, with exploitation cycle of 20 years

590 ha The total area of natural forest of the province is estimated to be 590 ha by 2020

Planting 1,000 ha of melaleuca on aluminous wetland for foundation construction

1,000 ha

Being one of the provinces impacted by climate change in the Mekong delta, the solution of aluminous forestation not only brings the added value, but also helps to increase the carbon storage of the forest and climate change adaptation.

Table 12. Assumptions for MACC in waste management sector


WASTE MANAGEMENT

Reducing emission from organic treatment process

415 tonnes/day

It is assumed that 85% of residential solid waste will be treated, in which 25% of the treated waste was managed with this technique.

Utilizing and burning gas

from landfills

415 tonnes/day


Collecting and recycling materials from solid waste

415 tonnes/day


Collecting and using methane from controlled anaerobic digestion system of organic solid waste

415 tonnes/day It is assumed that 85% of residential solid waste will be treated, in which 25% of the treated waste was managed with this technique.


85 | G G A P

Cover: Tra Su Cajuput Forest, An Giang

Source: Directorate of Tourism, Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism

http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/items/18593

http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/items/18593


86 | G G A P

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January 2017

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