greening asia’s infrastructure development 1 herath gunatilake director regional and sustainable...
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Greening Asia’s Infrastructure Development
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Herath GunatilakeDirector
Regional and Sustainable Development Department
Asian Development Bank
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Asia’s Infrastructure Investment Requirements and Deficits
• Between 2009 and 2013, Asia Pacific region accounted for more than 50% of the global increase in capital spending on infrastructure
• The Asia Pacific infrastructure investment need is expected to grow by 7% to 8% a year over the next decade.
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Asia’s Infrastructure Investment Requirements and Deficits
• Asia’s overall infrastructure investment needs are estimated at $4.4 trillion for 2015 - 2020– average infrastructure investment need
of about $730 billion per year – 68% of which is for new capacity and
32% of which is for maintaining and replacing existing infrastructure
– ADB about $20 billion, may increase to about $30 billion
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Asia’s Infrastructure Investment Requirements and Deficits
• In addition to the overall national infrastructure needs, $175 billion investment is needed for regional projects—with an average infrastructure investment need of close to $30 billion per year
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Estimate Infrastructure Needs in Developing Asia (in US billion)
- 500
1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500
Electricity Telecommunication Transport Water andSanitation
New Capacity Replacement
5Source: ADB and ADBI
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ADB’s Environment Operations Directions
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Environmentally sustainable growth as one of 3 development agendas, and environment as a core area
of operations
Climate change (mitigation and adaptation)
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An additional 3 billion Asians achieve European living standards by 2050
Asia’s Share of Global GDP, 1700-2050
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Asia’s Energy Trilemma
• Accessibility: 600 million people without access to electricity (and intermittent services for those who have access)
• Affordability: costs of supply are high (or unsustainable subsidies)
• Sustainability: air pollution and CO2 emissions
A. Clean Energy
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Developing Asia’s Share in Global CO2 Emissions from Energy Consumption
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Rest ofthe World53%
Rest of the World
63%
Developing Asia
37%37% 47%47%
20102010 20352035
Source: ADB, APERC 2013
In 1973: 9%
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Future
ADB Energy Sector VisionAffordable Clean Energy for All
Current
Energy Efficiency
RE
Fossil fuels
EE&RE
Fossil fuels
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Investment Requirements: BAU vs Alternative (2010-2035)
Source: ADB, APERC 2013
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Problem of rapid motorization
B. Sustainable Transportation
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Congestion
2-5% of GDP
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Air pollution
2-4% of GDP
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Rising GHG emissions
• Transport is 23% of global energy-related GHG emissions
• Land transport is ¾ of transport GHG emissions
• Land transport GHG emissions to
double by 2050 based on current trend
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Unsafe roads
• 645,000 annual road deaths and 30 million injuries in developing Asia
• Leading cause of death for 15-44 year olds, 2nd leading cause for 6-14 year olds
• Vulnerable users are 50–75% of deaths
• Costs 2-5% of GDP
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Avoid-Shift-Improve Paradigm
Lower congestion, emissions, air pollution,
road accidents, respiratory & health
problems17
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STI lending directions
Mainstream sustainability in roads
Scale up 4 areas
Affordable
Accessible
Environment friendly
Safe
Sustainable transport systems
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Road Rail Water UrbanTransp
Air
2000-092020
STI subsector lending targets
• Urban transport• Addressing climate change• Cross-border transport & logistics• Road safety & social sustainability
STI priorities and targets
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Asia’s Cities
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C. Sustainable Urban Development
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ADB’s approach
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Addressing Equity Issues
(Inclusiveness)Providing appropriate
livelihood, service, shelter, and
infrastructure solutions to poor and
vulnerable communities
Promoting Improved Environment and
Resilience (Green)
Developing resource use-efficient and climate change-resilient cities
Building the Economy
(Competitiveness)
Providing strategic physical, social and
institutional infrastructure for inclusive growth
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ADB’s Five Core Urban Areas
• City Cluster Economic Development (CCED)
• Urban transport• Waste management• Municipal finance• Urban renewal and slum rehabilitation
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Lessons/Challenges
• Infrastructure -opportunity for environment management
• Greening is costly, reliable estimates of benefits may help
• Technology transfer is challenging• Making infrastructure resilient to natural
disasters• Public resource are inadequate, private
investment PPPs are vital
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