grid stabilization

8/2/2019 grid stabilization

1/24

ABB GroupApril 7, 2010 | Slide 1

Innovative solutions for gridstabilisation and support

Holger Hannemann, ABB Power Electronics Napier, 30. March 2010


2/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportGrid connection of renewable generation

When connecting large wind farms to the

power grid, they will typically beconnected to weak grids. Issues such as:

steep power changes

voltage control

grid stability during and after faults and

frequency regulations

are areas where innovative Battery EnergyStorage Systems (BESS) andSTATCOMs can help.



3/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and support

STATCOM

Energy Storage Systems, ESS

Active Voltage Conditioner, AVC



4/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportWhat does a STATCOM?

A STATCOM delivers reactive current only

The basic functionality of the STATCOM isto operate as a self-sufficient voltage orpower factor regulator, in much the sameway as traditional synchronous VAr

compensators. The current output is limited to nominal

values with a short-term overloadcapability.

The advantage of the STATCOM design isthe dynamic response and that severaloptional features can be added.



5/24


Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportApplication: STATCOM for Wind Farms

STATCOM

Medium Voltage (MV)

Benefits Grid connection compliance Improved disturbance ride through System power factor control Flicker compensation

System resonances damping

Hybrid LV or MV capacitors can be connected


6/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportGrid Codes, reactive power requirements

Mainly wind power but also other small generations

2 tasks,steady-state reactive power no STATCOM taskdynamic support during faults STATCOM needed

steady state requirements fault support, ride through



7/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportFlicker compensation

Flicker of a wind turbine at around 11 Hz



8/24


Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportFlicker, real data. Vpcc and Ipcc. Zsrc = 5%


9/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportSystem resonance damping, pf capacitor


PQ curves with capacitor switches

Left: no STATCOM

Right: STATCOM enabled


10/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportDouble-STATCOM based on ABB patent


generator

STATCOM /geno inverter

low voltage

STATCOM /grid inverter

S1

~ ~_ _

During steady-state production both STATCOMs share the load to supportgrid and turbine with reactive power and mitigate turbine flicker, S1 closed

During start S1 is open and both STATCOMs work as a frequency converter,

synchronise the turbine and switch to STATCOM mode after closing S1

During grid malfunction S1 opens and geno STATCOM supports turbine tostay online while grid STATCOM delivers reactive current. Dumping resistorshelp to reduce power output to a level that suites to STATCOM size.


11/24



STATCOM




12/24


Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportESS: applications

CentralGeneration

Load leveling forgeneration utilization100 MW, 4h

ESS

ESSIntegration ofrenewables

1-100 MW,1-10 h ESS

Peak shaving0.5-10 MW, 1 h

220 kV

110 kV20 kVNetwork ring

20 kV

HeavyIndustry

DistributedGeneration

220 kV Overhead line

Single connection

ESSSpinning reserve Incase of line loss10-100 MW, 0.25-1 h

toLoad

Load leveling forpostponement ofgrid upgrade1-10 MW, 6 h

ESS

ESS

Frequency regulation1-50 MW, 0.25-1 h

20 kV 110 kV


13/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportStorage technologies

Mechanical Thermo-dynamic

Electro-magnetic

Batteries Hydrogen

Super-conducting(SMES)

Capacitors

Supercaps

Thermoelectric

Pumped

hydro

Compr. Air

(CAES)

Flywheel

Vanadium

ZnBrPSBr

Electro-

lyser &Fuel Cell

Lead acid

NiCdNaSNaNiClLithium

Ni-MHMetal air

Electrochemical

Flow cells

AdiabaticCAES

Pressure

PressureHeat

Heat

Gravitation

Kinetic

Electric

Magnetic


14/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportDischarge times

Power Electronics based Energy Storage Systems core range:

5 to 60 minutes

5 to 50 MW


Flywheels Batteries Pump storageCapacitors

Fractions ofseconds Minute(s) to hour(s) Hours to daysDischarge time

Minute


15/24

100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1000 MW

10

1000

100

10 h

1 h

10 min

Stora

getime

[m

in]

Power requirement [MW]

Load levelingGeneration

utilization

Renewable Integration

Load levelingT&D postponement

End-userpeak shaving

Prim. FrequencyRegulation

30

300

PumpedHydroSystems

(PHS)

Vanadium Redox Flow

Sodium Sulfur (NaS)

Lead acid

Ni-Cd

Li-Ion

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportESS: applications overview


16/24


ESS

Benefits

Grid stabilisation, deliver constantenergy flow, Q voltage reg.,P frequency regulation

Store during high prod./low

consumption & vice versa

Allows more renewable generationto be connected

System reliability, support duringany ride through event + recovery

Medium or High Voltage Grid

Low Voltage (LV)

Storage, super caps,

flywheels or batteries

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportWind power system stabilisation


17/24

ACGrid

Grid

Integration& TurnkeyServices

Grid Energy Storage Platform #2UDC = >5kV

optimized for ~20 100MW rating

Community Energy Storageoptimized for 50 500kW rating

BESS Turnkey Solutions

Platform selection based on target application & project parameters

Grid Energy Storage Platform #1UDC = 1kV

optimized for 1 ~20MW rating

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportTurnkey solutions


18/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportContainer, 2 MVA(r) layout for BESS / STATCOM



19/24


Overview

STATCOM





20/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportActive voltage conditioner



21/24

Overvoltage problems up to 1.4pu in Italy or Canada


Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportActive voltage conditioner for HVRT

Point of regulationAVC

Turbine 1 Turbine 2 Turbine 3 Turbine n


22/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportActive voltage conditioner for remote grids

Remote and often weak grid with generation and loads

Voltage fluctuation high generation & low consumption andvice versa

Active voltage conditioner to keep voltage within limits

Low cost flicker mitigation at consumer side


Fuse

Distributiontransformer

boosttransformer

Load (output)

AVC

Bypass

mv bypassWeak grid several

km length

Remotevillages

Wind park

I i l i f id bili i d


23/24

Innovative solutions for grid stabilisation and supportContainer layout, 8 MVA (+/-10%) AVC



24/24


grid stabilization

Documents