gross anatomy
DESCRIPTION
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Muscles of the Back Region - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery
erector spinae
iliocostalis angles of the ribs
interspinales
intertransversarii
longissimus
multifidus
occipital a.
occipital a.
occipital a.
extends the head occipital a.
iliac crest, sacrum, transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae and supraspinal ligament
angles of the ribs, transverse and spinous processes of vertebrae, posterior aspect of the skull
extends and laterally bends the trunk, neck and head
segmentally innervated by dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S5
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., subcostal aa., lumbar aa.
iliac crest and sacrum
extends and laterally bends the trunk and neck
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C4-S5
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., upper border of
spinous processlower border of spinous process above
extend trunk and neck
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., upper border of
transverse process
lower border of transverse process above
laterally bend trunk and neck
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., transverse
process at inferior vertebral levels
transverse process at superior vertebral levels and mastoid process
extends and laterally bends the trunk, neck and head
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-S1
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., sacrum,
transverse processes of C3-L5
spinous processes 2-4 vertebral levels superior to their origin
extend and laterally bend trunk and neck, rotate to opposite side
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., obliquus capitis
inferiorspinous process of the axis
transverse process of atlas
rotates the head to the same side
suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
obliquus capitis superior
transverse process of atlas
occipital bone above inferior nuchal line
extends the head, rotates the head to the same side
suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
rectus capitis posterior major
spinous process of axis
inferior nuchal line
extends the head, rotate to same side
suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
rectus capitis posterior minor
posterior tubercle of atlas
inferior nuchal line medially
suboccipital nerve (DPR of C1)
rotatores
semispinalis
spinalis
splenius
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
Muscles of the Upper Limbs - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery
pisiform ulnar a.
abducts thumb
transverse processes
long rotatores: spines 2 vertebrae above origin; short rotatores: spines 1 vertebrae
rotates the vertebral column to the opposite side
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., transverse
processes of C7-T12
capitis: back of skull between nuchal lines; cervicis & thoracis: spines 4-6 vertebrae above
extends the trunk and laterally bends the trunk, rotates the trunk to the opposite side
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-T12
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., subcostal aa., spinous processes
at inferior vertebral levels
spinous processes at superior vertebral levels and base of the skull
extends and laterally bends trunk and neck
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-L3
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa., ligamentum
nuchae and spines C7-T6
capitis: mastoid process & superior nuchal line laterally; cervicis: posterior tubercles of C1-
extends and laterally bends neck and head; rotates head to same side
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa.
ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T6 vertebrae
mastoid process and lateral end of the superior nuchal line
extends and laterally bends the neck and head, rotates head to the same
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa.ligamentum
nuchae and spines of C7-T6 vertebrae
posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C1-C3 vertebrae
extends and laterally bends neck and head, rotates head to the same side
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa.
abductor digiti minimi (hand)
base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on its ulnar side
abducts the 5th digit
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium
base of the proximal phalanx of the first digit
recurrent branch of median nerve
superficial palmar br. of the radial a.
adductor pollicis
anconeus
biceps brachii brachial a.
brachialis flexes the forearm
brachioradialis radial nerve radial recurrent a.
coracobrachialis brachial a.
deltoid
abductor pollicis longus
middle one-third of the posterior surface of the radius, interosseous membrane, mid-
radial side of the base of the first metacarpal
abducts the thumb at carpometacarpal joint
radial nerve, deep branch
posterior interosseous a.
oblique head: capitate and base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals; transverse head: shaft of the 3rd metacarpal
base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
adducts the thumb
ulnar nerve, deep branch
deep palmar arterial arch
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
lateral side of the olecranon and the upper one-fourth of the ulna
extends the forearm
nerve to anconeus, from the radial nerve
interosseous recurrent a.
short head: tip of the coracoid process of the scapula; long head: supraglenoid
tuberosity of the radius
flexes the forearm, flexes arm (long head), supinates
musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
anterior surface of the lower one-half of the humerus and the associated intermuscular
coronoid process of the ulna
musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
brachial a., radial recurrent a.
upper two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the radius
flexes the elbow, assists in pronation & supination
coracoid process of the scapula
medial side of the humerus at mid-shaft
flexes and adducts the arm
musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
lateral one-third of the clavicle, acromion, the lower lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula
deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
abducts arm; anterior fibers flex & medially rotate the arm; posterior fibers extend & laterally
axillary nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
posterior circumflex humeral a.
deep radial nerve radial a.
radial nerve radial a.
deep radial nerve ulnar a.
deep radial nerve
deep radial nerve
extensor indicis deep radial nerve
dorsal interosseous (hand)
four muscles, each arising from two adjacent metacarpal shafts
base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion on lateral side of the 2nd digit, lateral & medial sides of the 3rd digit, and medial side of the 4th digit
flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4, abduct digits 2-4 (abduction of digits in the hand is defined as
ulnar nerve, deep branch
dorsal and palmar metacarpal aa.
extensor carpi radialis brevis
common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus)
dorsum of the third metacarpal bone (base)
extends the wrist; abducts the hand
extensor carpi radialis longus
lower one-third of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
dorsum of the second metacarpal bone (base)
extends the wrist; abducts the hand
extensor carpi ulnaris
common extensor tendon & the middle one-half of the posterior border of the ulna
medial side of the base of the 5th metacarpal
extends the wrist; adducts the hand
extensor digiti minimi
common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
joins the extensor digitorum tendon to the 5th digit and inserts into the extensor expansion
extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal
interosseous recurrent a.
extensor digitorum
common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
extensor expansion of digits 2-5
extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-
interosseous recurrent a. and posterior interosseous a.
interosseous membrane and the posterolateral surface of the distal ulna
its tendon joins the tendon of the extensor digitorum to the second digit; both tendons insert into the extensor
extends the index finger at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal
posterior interosseous a
deep radial nerve
deep radial nerve
median nerve ulnar a.
ulnar nerve ulnar a.
ulnar a.
median nerve ulnar a.
extensor pollicis brevis
interosseous membrane and the posterior surface of the distal radius
base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
extends the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint
posterior interosseous a
extensor pollicis longus
interosseous membrane and middle part of the posterolateral surface of the ulna
base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint
posterior interosseous a
flexor carpi radialis
common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
base of the second and third metacarpals
flexes the wrist, abducts the hand
flexor carpi ulnaris
common flexor tendon & (ulnar head) from medial border of olecranon & upper 2/3 of the posterior border
pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
flexes wrist, adducts hand
flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)
hook of hamate & the flexor retinaculum
proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the 5th digit
ulnar nerve, deep branch
flexor digitorum profundus
posterior border of the ulna, proximal two-thirds of medial border of ulna, interosseous
base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5
flexes the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal
median nerve (radial one-half); ulnar nerve (ulnar one-half)
ulnar a., anterior interosseous a.
flexor digitorum superficialis
humeroulnar head: common flexor tendon; radial head: middle 1/3 of
shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5
flexes the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal jointsflexor pollicis
brevisflexor retinaculum, trapezium
proximal phalanx of the 1st digit
flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb
recurrent branch of the median nerve
superficial palmar br. of the radial a.
median nerve
infraspinatus suprascapular a.
latissimus dorsi thoracodorsal a.
levator scapulae dorsal scapular a.
flexor pollicis longus
anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
flexes the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the thumb
anterior interosseous a.
infraspinatous fossa
greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet)
laterally rotates the arm
suprascapular nerve
interosseous, dorsal (hand)
four muscles, each arising from two adjacent metacarpal shafts
base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion on lateral side of the 2nd digit, lateral & medial sides of the 3rd digit, and medial side of the 4th digit
flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4, abduct digits 2-4 (abduction of digits in the hand is defined as
ulnar nerve, deep branch
dorsal and palmar metacarpal aa.
interosseous, palmar
four muscles, arising from the palmar surface of the shafts of metacarpals 1, 2, 4, & 5 (the 1st palmar interosseous is often fused with the adductor
base of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the medial side of digits 1 & 2, and lateral side of digits 4 & 5
flexes the metacarpophalangeal, extends proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and adducts digits 1, 2, 4, & 5 (adduction of the digits of the hand
ulnar nerve, deep branch
palmar metacarpal aa.
vertebral spines from T7 to the sacrum, posterior third of the iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs, sometimes from the inferior angle of the
floor of the intertubercular groove
extends the arm and rotates the arm medially
thoracodorsal nerve (C7,8) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine
elevates the scapula
dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 &
lumbrical (hand)
ulnar a.
opponens pollicis
palmaris brevis ulnar a.
palmaris longus flexes the wrist median nerve ulnar a.
pectoralis major
flexor digitorum profundus tendons of digits 2-5
extensor expansion on the radial side of the proximal phalanx of digits 2-5
flex the metacarpophalangeal joints, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
median nerve (radial 2) via palmar digital nerves & ulnar nerve (ulnar 2) via deep branch
superficial palmar arterial arch
opponens digiti minimi
hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
shaft of 5th metacarpal
opposes the 5th digit
ulnar nerve, deep branch
flexor retinaculum, trapezium
shaft of 1st metacarpal
opposes the thumb
recurrent branch of median nerve
superficial palmar branch of the radial a.
palmar interosseous
four muscles, arising from the palmar surface of the shafts of metacarpals 1, 2, 4, & 5 (the 1st palmar interosseous is often fused with the adductor
base of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the medial side of digits 1 & 2, and lateral side of digits 4 & 5
flexes the metacarpophalangeal, extends proximal and distal interphalangeal joints and adducts digits 1, 2, 4, & 5 (adduction of the digits of the hand
ulnar nerve, deep branch
palmar metacarpal aa.
fascia overlying the hypothenar eminence
skin of the palm near the ulnar border of the hand
draws the skin of the ulnar side of the hand toward the center of the palm
superficial br. of the ulnar n.
common flexor tendon, from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
palmar aponeurosis
medial 1/2 of the clavicle, manubrium & body of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6, sometimes from
crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
flexes and adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm
medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
pectoralis minor ribs 3-5
pronator teres median nerve
dorsal scapular a.
dorsal scapular a
serratus anterior ribs 1-8 or 9 lateral thoracic a.
subclavius
subscapularis subscapular a.
coracoid process of the scapula
draws the scapula forward, medialward, and downward
medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunkpronator
quadratusmedial side of the anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the ulna
anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the radius
pronates the forearm
median nerve via the anterior interosseous nerve
anterior interosseous a.
common flexor tendon and (deep or ulnar head) from medial side of coronoid process of the
midpoint of the lateral side of the shaft of the radius
pronates the forearm
ulnar a., anterior ulnar recurrent a.
rhomboideus major
spines of vertebrae T2-T5
medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the
retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly
dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
rhomboideus minor
inferior end of the ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1
medial border of the scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula
retracts, elevates and rotates the scapula inferiorly
dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
medial border of the scapula on its costal (deep) surface
it draws the scapula forward; the inferior fibers rotate the scapula superiorly
long thoracic nerve (from ventral rami C5-C7)
serratus posterior inferior
thoracolumbar fascia, spines of vertebrae T11-T12 and L1-L2
ribs 9-12, lateral to the angles
pulls down lower ribs
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T9-T12
lowest posterior intercostal a., subcostal a., first two lumbar aa.
serratus posterior superior
ligamentum nuchae, spines of vertebrae C7 and T1-T3
ribs 1-4, lateral to the angles
elevates the upper ribs
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-T4
posterior intercostal aa. 1-4
first rib and its cartilage
inferior surface of the clavicle
draws the clavicle (and hence the shoulder) down and forward
nerve to subclavius (C5)
clavicular br. of the thoracoacromial trunk
medial two-thirds of the costal surface of the scapula (subscapular
lesser tubercle of the humerus
medially rotates the arm; assists extention of the arm
upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6)
supinator deep radial nerve
supraspinatus suprascapular a.
teres major
teres minor
trapezius
triceps brachii radial nerve
Muscles of the Head and Neck - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery
lateral epicondyle of the humerus, supinator crest & fossa of the ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular
lateral side of proximal one-third of the radius
supinates the forearm
recurrent interosseous a.
supraspinatous fossa
greater tubercle of the humerus (highest facet)
abducts the arm (initiates abduction)
suprascapular nerve (C5,6) from the superior trunk of the brachial plexusdorsal surface of
the inferior angle of the scapula
crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm, assists in arm extension
lower subscapular nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial
circumflex scapular a.
upper 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula
greater tubercle of the humerus (lowest facet)
laterally rotates the arm
axillary nerve (C5,6) from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
circumflex scapular a.
medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of
lateral third of the clavicle, medial side of the acromion and the upper crest of the scapular spine, tubercle of the scapular spine
elevates and depresses the scapula (depending on which part of the muscle contracts); rotates the scapula
motor: spinal accessory (XI), proprioception: C3-C4
transverse cervical a.
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; lateral head: posterolateral humerus & lateral intermuscular septum; medial head:
olecranon process of the ulna
extends the forearm; the long head extends and adducts arm
deep brachial (profunda brachii) a.
anterior scalene
aryepiglottic epiglottis
arytenoid, oblique
auricular wiggle the ears
buccinator facial a.
chondroglossus lingual a.
ciliary ophthalmic a.
anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C6
scalene tubercle of the first rib
elevates the first rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck
brachial plexus, C5-C7
ascending cervical a., a branch of the thyrocervical trunk
apex (superior part) of the arytenoid cartilage
draws the epiglottis posteriorly and downward during swallowing
inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the of
laryngeal br. of the superior thyroid a.
muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
posterior surface of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage, near its apex
draws arytenoid cartilages together, adducting the vocal folds
inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the of vagus (X)
laryngeal br. of the superior thyroid a.
arytenoid, transverse
posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage
posterior surface of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage
draws arytenoid cartilages together, adducting the vocal folds
inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
laryngeal br. of the superior thyroid a.
anterior: galea aponeurotica anterior to ear; superior: galea aponeurotica superior to ear; posterior: mastoid
auricle anteriorly, superiorly and posteriorly
anterior & superior: temporal branches of facial nerve (VII); posterior: posterior
superficial temporal a., posterior auricular a.
pterygomandibular raphe, mandible, and the maxilla lateral to the molar teeth
angle of mouth and the lateral portion of the upper and lower lips
pulls the corner of mouth laterally; presses the cheek against the teeth
buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
medial side of the lesser horn and body of the hyoid bone
ascends to blend with the intrinsic tongue musculature
pulls the sides of the tongue down
hypoglossal nerve (XII)
meridional fibers: scleral spur; circular fibers: encircle the ciliary process
meridional fibers: ciliary process; circular fibers: encircle the ciliary process
relaxes the suspensory ligament of the lens
parasympathetic fibers in the oculomotor nerve (III), synapsing in the ciliary
corrugator supratrochlear a.
cricopharyngeus
cricothyroid
constrictor, inferior pharyngeal
oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, lateral surface of cricoid cartilage
midline pharyngeal raphe
constricts pharyngeal cavity
vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus, with aid from the superior laryngeal and recurrent
ascending pharyngeal a., superior thyroid a., inferior thyroid a.
constrictor, middle pharyngeal
lesser and greater horns of the hyoid bone and the inferior part of the stylohyoid
midline pharyngeal raphe
constricts the pharyngeal cavity
vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus
ascending pharyngeal a.
constrictor, superior pharyngeal
medial pterygoid plate, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line of
pharyngeal tubercle and midline pharyngeal raphe
constricts the pharyngeal cavity
vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus
ascending pharyngeal a.
medial part of the supercillary arch
skin of the medial half of the eyebrow
pulls eyebrows together medially
temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
cricoarytenoid, lateral
arch of the cricoid cartilage
muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
draws the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage anteriorly, which pivots the arytenoid
inferior laryngeal nerve, from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid a.
cricoarytenoid, posterior
posterior surface of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage
muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
draws the muscular process posteriorly, which pivots the arytenoid cartilage and abducts the vocal
inferior laryngeal nerve, from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid a.
lateral surface of the cricoid cartilage
midline pharyngeal raphe
constricts the pharyngeal cavity and the entrance to the esophagus
recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid a., ascending pharyngeal a.
arch of the cricoid cartilage
inferior border of the thyroid cartilage
draws the thyroid cartilage forward, lengthening the vocal ligaments
external branch of superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid a.
depressor septi nasal septum
digastric
dilator pupillae dilates the pupil ophthalmic a.
epicranius
frontalis
genioglossus lingual a.
geniohyoid
hyoglossus lingual a.
depressor anguli oris
oblique line of the mandible
angle of the mouth
pulls the corner of the mouth downward
marginal mandibular & buccal branches of the facial nerve
inferior labial branch of the facial a., mental a.
depressor labii inferioris
anterior surface of the mandible
skin of the lower lip
depresses the lower lip
marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII)
inferior labial branch of the facial a., mental a.
maxilla near the midline above the incisor teeth
depresses the nasal septum; involved in flaring the nostrils
buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
superior labial branch of the facial a.
anterior belly: digastric fossa of the mandible; posterior belly: mastoid notch of the temporal bone
body of the hyoid via a fibrous loop over an intermediate tendon
elevates the hyoid bone; depresses the mandible
anterior belly: mylohyoid nerve, from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V); posterior
anterior belly: submental a.; posterior belly: occipital a.
outer margin of iris
inner margin of iris
sympathetic fibers via short ciliary nerves, synapsing in superior cervical sympathetic frontalis: galea
aponeurotica; occipitalis: superior nuchal line
frontalis: skin of the eyebrows; occipitalis: galea aponeurotica
elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead
frontalis: temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII); occipitalis: posterior
frontalis: supraorbital and supratrochlear aa.; occipitalis: occipital a.
galea aponeurotica
skin of the eyebrow
elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the
temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
supraorbital and supratrochlear aa.
mental spine on the inner aspect of the mental symphysis
fans out to insert into the tongue from the tip to the base
protrudes the tongue (inferior fibers); depresses tongue (middle fibers)
hypoglossal nerve (XII)
mental spines of the mandible
body of the hyoid bone
elevates the hyoid bone; depresses the mandible
ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C1 via fibers carried by the hypoglossal
lingual a., submental a.
upper border of the greater horn of the hyoid and body of the hyoid bone
spreads out into the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
depresses the sides of the tongue; retracts the tongue
hypoglossal nerve (XII)
inferior oblique ophthalmic a.
inferior rectus ophthalmic a.
lateral pterygoid
lateral rectus ophthalmic a.
levator anguli oris
floor of the orbit lateral to the lacrimal groove
sclera on the inferior surface of the eyeball
elevates and abducts the corneal part of the eye; rotates the superior pole of the iris laterally; when
oculomotor nerve (III), inferior division
inferior pharyngeal constrictor
oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, lateral surface of cricoid cartilage
midline pharyngeal raphe
constricts pharyngeal cavity
vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus, with aid from the superior laryngeal and recurrent
ascending pharyngeal a., superior thyroid a., inferior thyroid a.
common tendinous ring at the apex of the orbit
sclera on the inferior surface of the eyeball
depresses and adducts the corneal part of the eyeball; rotates the
oculomotor nerve (III), inferior division
lateral cricoarytenoid
arch of the cricoid cartilage
muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
draws the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage anteriorly, which pivots the arytenoid
inferior laryngeal nerve, from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid a.
superior head: greater wing of the sphenoid bone; inferior head: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
superior head: capsule and & articular disk of the temporomandibular joint; inferior head: neck of the mandible
protracts the mandible; opens the mouth; active in grinding actions of chewing
lateral pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)
pterygoid branch of the maxillary a.
common tendinous ring at the apex of the orbit
sclera on the lateral surface of the eyeball
abducts the corneal part of the eyeball
abducens nerve (VI)
canine fossa of the maxilla
angle (corner) of the mouth
elevates the angle of the mouth
buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
infraorbital a., superior labial branch of the facial a.levator labii
superiorisinferior margin of the orbit
skin of the upper lip
elevates the upper lip
buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
infraorbital a., superior labial branch of the facial a.
levator labii superioris alaque nasi
frontal process of the maxilla
ala of the nose and skin of the upper lip
elevates the upper lip and flares the nostril
buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
infraorbital a., superior labial branch of the facial a.
ophthalmic a.
levator scapulae elevates scapula dorsal scapular a.
within tongue lingual a.
within tongue within tongue lingual a.
linguae, verticalis within tongue within tongue lingual a.
longus capitis deep cervical a.
longus colli deep cervical a.
masseter
medial pterygoid
medial rectus ophthalmic a.
levator palpebrae superioris
apex of the orbit above the optic canal
skin and fascia of upper eyelid and the superior tarsal plate
elevates the upper eyelid
oculomotor nerve (III) and sympathetics (to the superior tarsal portion)
transverse processes of C1-4 vertebrae
medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine
dorsal scapular nerve (C5); the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 & levator veli
palatiniapex of the petrous part of the temporal bone and the medial surface of the
muscles and fascia of the soft palate; palatine aponeurosis
elevates the soft palate
vagus nerve (X) via the pharyngeal plexus
ascending pharyngeal a.
linguae, longitudinalis
within tongue near the apex
shapes the tongue for speech and mastication
hypoglossal nerve (XII)
linguae, transversus
compresses the sides of the tongue; shapes the tongue for speech and
hypoglossal nerve (XII)
shapes the tongue for speech and mastication
hypoglossal nerve (XII)
anterior tubercles of vertebrae C3-6
basilar portion of the occipital bone
flex the head and neck
cervical plexus, ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C1-4anterior tubercles
and anterior surfaces of the bodies of vertebrae C3-T3
anterior arch of atlas, anterior tubercles of C5-6, anterior surfaces of bodies of
flex neck, rotate and laterally bend neck
cervical and brachial plexus, C2-7
zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone
lateral surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible
elevates the mandible
nerve to the masseter, from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
masseteric branch of the maxillary a.
medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of the palatine bone, tuberosity
medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible
elevates and protracts the mandible
medial pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)
pterygoid branch of the maxillary a.
common tendinous ring at the apex of the
sclera on the medial surface of the eyeball
adducts the corneal part of the eyeball
oculomotor nerve (III) (inferior division)
mentalis skin of the chin
middle scalene
musculus uvulae shortens the uvula lesser palatine a.
mylohyoid
nasalis
nasalis pars alaris ala of the nose flares the nostrils
flattens the nose
oblique arytenoid
oblique, inferior ophthalmic a.
oblique, superior ophthalmic a.
anterior surface of the mandible near the mental symphysis
elevates the lower lip and skin of chin
marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII)
mental a., inferior labial branch of the facial a.
middle pharyngeal constrictor
lesser and greater horns of the hyoid bone and the inferior part of the stylohyoid
midline pharyngeal raphe
constricts the pharyngeal cavity
vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus
ascending pharyngeal a.
posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7
upper surface of the first rib behind the subclavian artery
elevates the first rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck
brachial plexus, C3-C8
ascending cervical a.
posterior nasal spine
mucosa of the uvula
vagus nerve (X) via pharyngeal plexus
mylohyoid line of mandible
midline raphe and body of the hyoid bone
elevates the hyoid bone and the tongue; depresses the mandible
mylohyoid nerve from the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of the
mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar a.
maxilla above the incisor teeth and the canine teeth
ala of the nose and midline aponeurosis
flattens the nose, flare the nostrils
buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
superior labial branch of the facial a.
maxilla above the canine teeth
buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
superior labial branch of the facial a.nasalis pars
transversamaxilla above the incisor teeth
midline aponeurosis
buccal branch of facial nerve (VII)
superior labial branch of the facial a.muscular process
of the arytenoid cartilage
posterior surface of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage, near its apex
draws arytenoid cartilages together, adducting the vocal folds
inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the of vagus (X)
laryngeal br. of the superior thyroid a.
floor of the orbit lateral to the lacrimal groove
sclera on the inferior surface of the eyeball
elevates and abducts the corneal part of the eye; rotates the superior pole of the iris laterally; when
oculomotor nerve (III), inferior division
apex of the orbit above the optic canal
sclera on the posterior superior surface of the eyeball
depresses and abducts the eyeball; rotates the superior pole of the iris
trochlear nerve (IV)
occipitalis occipital a.
occipitofrontalis
omohyoid ansa cervicalis
orbicularis oculi closes the eyelids
orbicularis oris purses the lips
palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
platysma facial a.
posterior scalene
procerus nasal bone supratrochlear a.
superior nuchal line
galea aponeurotica
pulls the scalp posteriorly; elevates the
posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve frontalis: galea
aponeurotica; occipitalis: superior nuchal line
frontalis: skin of the eyebrows; occipitalis: galea aponeurotica
elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead
frontalis: temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII); occipitalis: posterior
frontalis: supraorbital and supratrochlear aa.; occipitalis: occipital a.
inferior belly: upper border of the scapula medial to the scapular notch; superior belly:
inferior belly: intermediate tendon; superior belly: lower border of the hyoid bone lateral
depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone
transverse cervical a.
orbital part: medial orbital margin and the medial palpebral ligament; palpebral part:
orbital part: skin of the lateral cheek; palpebral part: lateral palpebral raphe
temporal & zygomatic branches of the facial nerve (VII)
supraorbital a., supratrochlear a., infraorbital a., angular branch of the facial a.
skin and fascia of lips and the area surrounding the lips
skin and fascia of the lips
buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
superior and inferior labial branches of the facial a., mental palatine
aponeurosisside of the tongue, entering it from above
elevates and retracts the tongue
vagus nerve (X) via the pharyngeal plexus
tonsilar branch of the facial a., ascending pharyngeal a.
posterior margin of the bony palate and the palatine aponeurosis
posterior wall of the pharynx and the posterior margin of the thyroid cartilage
elevates the larynx
vagus nerve (X) via pharyngeal plexus
ascending pharyngeal a.
fascia overlying the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
inferior border of the mandible and skin of lower face
draws the corners of the mouth down; it aids in depression of the mandible
cervical branch of the facial nerve (VII)
posterior cricoarytenoid
posterior surface of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage
muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
draws the muscular process posteriorly, which pivots the arytenoid cartilage and abducts the vocal
inferior laryngeal nerve, from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid a.
posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of
lateral surface of the second rib
elevates the second rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck
brachial plexus, C7-C8
ascending cervical a.
skin between the eyebrows
depresses the medial corners of the eyebrows
temporal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
pterygoid, lateral
pterygoid, medial
pupillae, dilator dilates the pupil ophthalmic a.
encircles iris encircles iris ophthalmic a.
flexes the head deep cervical a.
deep cervical a.
rectus, inferior ophthalmic a.
rectus, lateral ophthalmic a.
rectus, medial ophthalmic a.
rectus, superior ophthalmic a.
risorius
superior head: greater wing of the sphenoid bone; inferior head: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
superior head: capsule and & articular disk of the temporomandibular joint; inferior head: neck of the mandible
protracts the mandible; opens the mouth; active in grinding actions of chewing
lateral pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)
pterygoid branch of the maxillary a.
medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of the palatine bone, tuberosity
medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible
elevates and protracts the mandible
medial pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)
pterygoid branch of the maxillary a.
outer margin of iris
inner margin of iris
sympathetic fibers via short ciliary nerves, synapsing in superior cervical sympathetic pupillae,
sphincterconstricts the pupil
parasympathetic fibers of oculomotor nerve (III), synapsing in ciliary ganglionrectus capitis
anteriorlateral mass of atlas
basilar portion of occipital bone
ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C1rectus capitis
lateralistransverse process of atlas
occipital bone anterolateral to foramen magnum
laterally bends the head
ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C1common
tendinous ring at the apex of the orbit
sclera on the inferior surface of the eyeball
depresses and adducts the corneal part of the eyeball; rotates the
oculomotor nerve (III), inferior division
common tendinous ring at the apex of the orbit
sclera on the lateral surface of the eyeball
abducts the corneal part of the eyeball
abducens nerve (VI)
common tendinous ring at the apex of the
sclera on the medial surface of the eyeball
adducts the corneal part of the eyeball
oculomotor nerve (III) (inferior division)common
tendinous ring at the apex of the orbit
sclera on the superior surface of the eyeball
elevates and adducts the eyeball; rotates the superior pole of the iris
oculomotor nerve (III), superior division
fascia of the lateral cheek
skin of the angle (corner) of the mouth
draws the corner of the mouth laterally
buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
transverse facial a., facial a.
scalene, anterior
scalene, middle
scalene, posterior
sphenomeniscus
sphincter pupillae encircles iris encircles iris ophthalmic a.
splenius
stapedius neck of the stapes facial nerve (VII)
salpingopharyngeus
inferior surface of the anteromedial end of the auditory tube cartilage
pharyngeal wall and superior border of the thyroid cartilage along with the palatopharyngeus
elevates the larynx
vagus nerve (X) via the pharyngeal plexus
ascending pharyngeal a.
anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C6
scalene tubercle of the first rib
elevates the first rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck
brachial plexus, C5-C7
ascending cervical a., a branch of the thyrocervical trunk
posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7
upper surface of the first rib behind the subclavian artery
elevates the first rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck
brachial plexus, C3-C8
ascending cervical a.
posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of
lateral surface of the second rib
elevates the second rib; flexes and laterally bends the neck
brachial plexus, C7-C8
ascending cervical a.
greater wing of the sphenoid
capsule and articular disk of the temporomandibul
pulls the articular disk forward in opening of the mouth
lateral pterygoid branch of mandibular division of
pterygoid branch of the maxillary a.
constricts the pupil
parasympathetic fibers of oculomotor nerve (III), synapsing in ciliary ganglionligamentum
nuchae and spines C7-T6
capitis: mastoid process & superior nuchal line laterally; cervicis: posterior
extends and laterally bends neck and head; rotates head to same side
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-6
supplied segmentally by: deep cervical a., posterior intercostal aa.walls of the
pyramidal eminence
dampens vibration of the stapes
anterior tympanic a.
sternocleidomastoid
sternal head: anterior surface of the manubrium; clavicular head: medial 1/3rd of the clavicle
mastoid process and lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line
draws the mastoid process down toward the same side which causes the chin to turn up toward the opposite side; acting together, the muscles of the
spinal accessory nerve (XI), with sensory supply from C2 & C3 (for proprioception)
sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital a.
sternohyoid ansa cervicalis
sternothyroid ansa cervicalis
styloglossus
stylohyoid facial nerve (VII)
stylopharyngeus
superior oblique ophthalmic a.
superior rectus ophthalmic a.
temporalis
posterior surfaces of both the manubrium and sternal end of the
lower border of the hyoid bone, medial to the omohyoid m.
depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone
superior thyroid a.
posterior surface of the manubrium below the origin of the sternohyoid m.
oblique line of the thyroid cartilage
depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone
superior thyroid a.
anterior side of the styloid process
posterolateral side of the tongue
retracts and elevates the tongue
hypoglossal nerve (XII)
ascending pharyngeal a., ascending palatine branch of posterior side of
the styloid process
splits around the intermediate tendon of the digastric m. to insert on the body of the hyoid bone
elevates and retracts the hyoid bone
ascending pharyngeal a.
medial side of the styloid process
superior border of the thyroid cartilage and also into the pharyngeal wall
elevates the larynx
glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
ascending pharyngeal a.
apex of the orbit above the optic canal
sclera on the posterior superior surface of the eyeball
depresses and abducts the eyeball; rotates the superior pole of the iris
trochlear nerve (IV)
superior pharyngeal constrictor
medial pterygoid plate, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line of
pharyngeal tubercle and midline pharyngeal raphe
constricts the pharyngeal cavity
vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus
ascending pharyngeal a.
common tendinous ring at the apex of the orbit
sclera on the superior surface of the eyeball
elevates and adducts the eyeball; rotates the superior pole of the iris
oculomotor nerve (III), superior division
temporal fossa and the temporal fascia
coronoid process of the mandible and the anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible
elevates the mandible; retracts the mandible (posterior fibers)
anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves from the mandibular division of the
anterior and posterior deep temporal aa.
tensor tympani
thyroarytenoid
thyroepiglottic
thyrohyoid
trachealis
cartilagenous auditory tube and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone which lies adjacent to it
manubrium of the malleus
dampens vibrations of the tympanic membrane
medial pterygoid branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)
superior tympanic branch of the middle meningeal a.
tensor veli palatini
scaphoid fossa, lateral wall of the auditory tube cartilage
palatine aponeurosis
opens the auditory tube; tenses the soft palate
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)
ascending pharyngeal a.
inner surface of the thyroid cartilage anteriorly
lateral border of the arytenoid cartilage
draws the arytenoid cartilage forward, relaxing and adducting the vocal folds
inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid a.
inner surface of the thyroid cartilage near the laryngeal prominence
lateral surface of the epiglottic cartilage
draws the epiglottic cartilage downward
inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the
laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid a.
oblique line of the thyroid cartilage
lower border of the hyoid bone
elevates the larynx; depresses/stabilizes the hyoid bone
ansa cervicalis (via fibers running with the hypoglossal nerve that leave XII distal to the
superior thyroid a.
posterior edge of the tracheal cartilage
posterior edge of the tracheal cartilage of other side (joins tracheal rings
constricts the bronchi and trachea
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the vagus (X) nerve
inferior thyroid a., bronchial aa.
transverse arytenoid
posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage
posterior surface of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage
draws arytenoid cartilages together, adducting the vocal folds
inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
laryngeal br. of the superior thyroid a.
transverse arytenoid
posterior surface of the arytenoid cartilage
posterior surface of the contralateral arytenoid cartilage
draws arytenoid cartilages together, adducting the vocal folds
inferior laryngeal nerve, from recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
laryngeal br. of the superior thyroid a.
vocalis vocal ligament
Muscles of the Thoracic Region - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery
diaphragm
intercostal a.
intercostal a.
intercostal a.
elevates the rib
subcostalis angle of ribs intercostal nerves intercostal a.
surface of the thyroid cartilage, vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage
relaxes segments of the vocal ligament, thereby adjusting pitch
inferior laryngeal nerve, from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)
laryngeal br. of the superior thyroid a.
zygomaticus major
upper lateral surface of the zygomatic bone
skin of the angle of the mouth
elevates and draws the corner of the mouth laterally
zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
transverse facial a., facial a.
zygomaticus minor
lower surface of the zygomatic bone
lateral part of the upper lip
elevates the upper lip
buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)
transverse facial a., facial a.
xiphoid process, costal margin, fascia over the quadratus lumborum and psoas major mm.(lateral & medial arcuate
central tendon of the diaphragm
pushes the abdominal viscera inferiorly, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity (inspiration)
phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
musculophrenic a., superior phrenic a., inferior phrenic a.
external intercostal
lower border of a rib within an intercostal space
upper border of the rib below, coursing, downward and medially
keeps the intercostal space from blowing out or sucking in during respiration
intercostal nerves (T1-T11)
innermost intercostal
upper borders of a rib
fibers course up and medially to insert on the inferior margin of the rib above
keeps the intercostal space from blowing out or sucking in during respiration
intercostal nerves (T1-T11)
internal intercostal
upper border of a rib
lower border of rib above, coursing up and medially
keeps the intercostal space from blowing out or sucking in during respiration
intercostal nerves (T1-T11)
levatores costarum
transverse processes C7-T11
rib below its origin, medial to the angle
dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C7-T11
deep cervical a., intercostal aa.
angle of a rib 2-3 ribs above origin
compresses the intercostal spaces
Muscles of the Abdominal Region - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery
cremaster inguinal ligament
dartos
lower 8 ribs
interfoveolar
transversus thoracis
posterior surface of the sternum
inner surfaces of costal cartilages 2-6
compresses the thorax for forced expiration
intercostal nerves 2-6
internal thoracic a.
forms thin network of muscle fascicles around the spermatic cord and testis (or around the distal portion of the round ligament of the uterus)
elevates testis (not well developed in females)
genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
cremasteric a., a branch of the inferior epigastric a.
subcutaneous connective tissue of the scrotum and the penis (or labium majus and clitoris)
skin of the scrotum and penis (or labium majus and clitoris)
elevates testis (tenses the skin of the pudendal region in the female)
postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers arriving via the ilioinguinal nerve and the posterior scrotal
cremasteric a., posterior scrotal (labial) a.
external abdominal oblique
linea alba, pubic crest & tubercle, anterior superior iliac spine & anterior half of iliac crest
flexes and laterally bends the trunk
intercostal nerves 7-11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
musculophrenic a., superior epigastric a., intercostal aa. 7-11, subcostal a., lumbar aa., superficial circumflex iliac a., deep circumflex iliac a., superficial epigastric a.,
transversus abdominis fibers that lie superficial to the inferior epigastric vessels
anterior lamina of femoral sheath, immediately distal to origin of inferior epigastric
compresses abdominal contents
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
inferior epigastric a.
lower 8 ribs
psoas major
psoas minor lumbar aa.
pyramidalis linea alba subcostal nerve
internal abdominal oblique
thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament
lower 3 or 4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest
flexes and laterally bends the trunk
intercostal nerves 7-11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
musculophrenic a., superior epigastric a., intercostal aa. 7-11, subcostal a., lumbar aa., superficial circumflex iliac a., deep circumflex iliac a., superficial epigastric a.,
oblique, external abdominal
linea alba, pubic crest & tubercle, anterior superior iliac spine & anterior half of iliac crest
flexes and laterally bends the trunk
intercostal nerves 7-11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
musculophrenic a., superior epigastric a., intercostal aa. 7-11, subcostal a., lumbar aa., superficial circumflex iliac a., deep circumflex iliac a., superficial epigastric a.,
oblique, internal abdominal
thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament
lower 3 or 4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest
flexes and laterally bends the trunk
intercostal nerves 7-11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
musculophrenic a., superior epigastric a., intercostal aa. 7-11, subcostal a., lumbar aa., superficial circumflex iliac a., deep circumflex iliac a., superficial epigastric a.,
bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon
flexes the thigh; flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4
subcostal a., lumbar aa.
bodies of the T12 & L1 vertebrae
iliopubic eminence at the line of junction of the ilium and the superior pubic
flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
branches of the ventral primary rams of spinal nerves L1-L2
pubis, anterior to the rectus abdominis
draws the linea alba inferiorly
subcostal a., inferior epigastric a.
rectus abdominis flexes the trunk
Muscles of the Pelvis and Perineum - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery
inferior rectal a.
middle rectal a.
perineal a.
perineal a.
coccygeus ischial spine inferior gluteal a.
quadratus lumborum
posterior part of the iliac crest and the iliolumbar ligament
transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 and the 12th rib
laterally bends the trunk, fixes the 12th rib
subcostal nerve and ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L4
subcostal a., lumbar aa.
pubis and the pubic symphysis
xiphoid process of the sternum and costal cartilages 5-7
intercostal nerves 7-11 and subcostal nerve
superior epigastric a. intercostal aa., subcostal a., inferior epigastric a.transversus
abdominislower 6 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 3/4 of the iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
linea alba, pubic crest and pecten of the pubis
flexes and laterally bends trunk
intercostal nerves 7-11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
musculophrenic a., superior epigastric a., intercostal aa. 7-11, subcostal a., lumbar aa., superficial circumflex iliac a., deep circumflex iliac a., superficial epigastric a.,
anal sphincter, external
perineal body or central tendinous point of the perineum
encircles the anal canal; superficial fibers attach to the coccyx
constricts the anal canal
inferior rectal nerves (from the pudendal nerve)
anal sphincter, internal
encircles the anal canal
encircles the anal canal
constricts the anal canal
parasympathetic fibers from S4
bulbospongiosus, in female
perineal body and fascia of the bulb of the vestibule
perineal membrane and corpus cavernosum of the
compresses the vestibular bulb and constricts the vaginal orifice
deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve)bulbospongiosus,
in malecentral tendinous point and the midline raphe on the bulb of the penis
perineal membrane, dorsal surface of the corpus spongiosum, deep
compresses the bulb of the penis, compresses the spongy urethra
deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve)
side of the coccyx and lower sacrum
elevates the pelvic floor
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4
iliococcygeus inferior gluteal a.
ischiocavernosus perineal a.
levator ani inferior gluteal a.
levator prostatae inferior gluteal a.
pubococcygeus coccyx inferior gluteal a.
puborectalis inferior gluteal a.
pubovaginalis inferior gluteal a.
inferior rectal a.
deep transverse perineus
medial surface of the ischial ramus
contralateral muscle and perineal body/central
fixes and stabilizes the perineal body/central
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
internal pudendal a.
detruser of bladder
smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder
fascicles are arranged roughly in three layers
compresses the urinary bladder
parasympathetic nerve fibers from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4 spinal cord levels)
superior and inferior vesical aa.
arcus tendineus levator ani and the ischial spine
anococcygeal raphe and the coccyx
elevates the pelvic floor
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4medial surface of
the ischial tuberosity and the ischiopubic ramus
corpus cavernosum and crus of the penis/clitoris
compresses the corpus cavernosum
deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve)posterior surface
of the body of the pubis, fascia of the obturator internus m. (arcus tendineus levator ani), ischial spine
anococcygeal raphe and coccyx
elevates the pelvic floor
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4
posterior aspect of the pubis
fascia of the prostate
elevates the prostate
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4posterior aspect
of the superior pubic ramis
elevates the pelvic floor
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4posterior aspect
of the body of the pubis
unites with the puborectalis m. of other side posterior to the rectum
draws the distal rectum forward and superiorly; aids in voluntary retention of feces
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4
posterior aspect of the body of the pubis
fascia of the vagina and perineal body
draws the vagina forward and superiorly
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4sphincter ani
externusperineal body or central tendinous point of the perineum
encircles the anal canal; superficial fibers attach to the coccyx
constricts the anal canal
inferior rectal nerves (from the pudendal nerve)
middle rectal a.
perineal a.
perineal a.
Muscles of the Lower Limb - Listed AlphabeticallyMuscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery
lateral plantar a.
abductor hallucis medial plantar a.
adductor brevis
adductor hallucis
adductor longus
sphincter ani internus
encircles the anal canal
encircles the anal canal
constricts the anal canal
parasympathetic fibers from S4
sphincter urethrae, in female
encircles the urethra
encircles urethra and vagina; extends superiorly along the urethra as far as the inferior surface of
compresses urethra and vagina
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
internal pudendal a.
sphincter urethrae, in male
encircles the urethra
encircles urethra, reaches lateral surface of prostate and
compresses urethra
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
internal pudendal a.
superficial transverse perineus
medial surface of the ischial ramus
contralateral muscle and the perineal body/central
fixes and stabilizes perineal body/central tendinous point
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nervetransverse
perineus, deepmedial surface of the ischial ramus
contralateral muscle and perineal body/central
fixes and stabilizes the perineal body/central
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
internal pudendal a.
transverse perineus, superficial
medial surface of the ischial ramus
contralateral muscle and the perineal body/central
fixes and stabilizes perineal body/central tendinous point
deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve
abductor digiti minimi (foot)
medial and lateral sides of the tuberosity of the calcaneus
lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
abducts the 5th toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal joint
lateral plantar nerve
medial side of the tuberosity of calcaneus
medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
abducts the great toe; flexes the metatarsophalageal joint
medial plantar nerve
inferior pubic ramus
pectineal line and linea aspera (deep to the pectineus and adductor longus mm.)
adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur
anterior division of the obturator nerve
obturator a., deep femoral a.
oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4; transverse head: heads of
lateral side of base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
adducts the great toe (moves it toward midline of the foot; i.e.toward the 2nd
deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
plantar arterial arch
medial portion of the superior pubic ramus
linea aspera of the femur
adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur
anterior division of the obturator nerve
obturator a., deep femoral a.
adductor magnus
adductor minimus
articularis genu femoral nerve
biceps femoris
extends toes 1-4 dorsalis pedis a.
anterior tibial a.
dorsalis pedis a.
anterior tibial a.
ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
linea aspera of the femur; the ischiocondylar part inserts on the adductor tubercle
adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; extends the femur (ischiocondylar
posterior division of the obturator nerve; tibial nerve (ischiocondylar part)
obturator a., deep femoral a., medial femoral circumflex a.
lower portion of the inferior pubic ramus
gluteal ridge and upper part of the linea aspera of the femur
adducts and laterally rotates the femur
posterior division of the obturator nerve
obturator a., medial femoral circumflex a., deep femoral a.
anterior surface of the femur above the patellar surface
articular capsule of the knee
elevates the articular capsule of the knee joint
descending genicular a.
long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: lateral lip of the linea aspera
head of fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia
extends the thigh, flexes the leg
long head: tibial nerve; short head: common fibular (peroneal) nerve
perforating branches of the deep femoral a.
dorsal interosseous (foot)
shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones
bases of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) & digits 3,4 (lateral side)
abduct digits 2-4 (move these digits away from midline as defined by a plane passing through the 2nd digit); flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the
deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
dorsal metatarsal aa.
extensor digitorum brevis
superolateral surface of the calcaneus
extensor expansion of toes 1-4
deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
extensor digitorum longus
lateral condyle of the tibia, anterior surface of the fibula, lateral portion of the interosseous membrane
dorsum of the lateral 4 toes via extensor expansions (central slip inserts on base of middle phalanx,
extends the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the
deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
extensor hallucis brevis
superolateral surface of the calcaneus
dorsum of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe
extends the great toe
deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
extensor hallucis longus
middle half of the anterior surface of the fibula and the interosseous membrane
base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
extends the metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal joints of the great
deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
fibularis (peroneus) brevis
lower one third of the lateral surface of the fibula
tuberosity of the base of the 5th metatarsal
extends (plantar flexes) and everts the foot
superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
fibular (peroneal) a.
everts the foot anterior tibial a.
lateral plantar a.
tibial nerve tibial a.
medial plantar a.
tibial nerve
gastrocnemius tibial nerve
gemellus, inferior ischial tuberosity inferior gluteal a.
fibularis (peroneus) longus
upper two/thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula
after crossing the plantar surface of the foot deep to the intrinsic muscles, it inserts on the medial cuneiform and the
extends (plantar flexes) and everts the foot
superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
fibular (peroneal) a.
fibularis (peroneus) tertius
distal part of the anterior surface of the fibula
dorsum of the shaft of the 5th metatarsal bone
deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)
base of 5th metatarsal bone
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
flexes the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 5th digit
lateral plantar nerve
flexor digitorum brevis
tuberosity of the calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septae
base of the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 after splitting to allow passage of the flexor digitorum longus
flexes the metatarsophalangeal & proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
medial plantar nerve
medial and lateral plantar aa.
flexor digitorum longus
middle half of the posterior surface of the tibia
bases of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5
flexes the metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-
flexor hallucis brevis
cuboid, lateral cuneiform, medial side of the first metatarsal
medial belly: medial side of proximal phalanx of the great toe; lateral belly: lateral side of the proximal phalanx
flexes the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe
medial plantar nerve (lateral belly occasionally receives innervation from the lateral plantar nerve)
flexor hallucis longus
lower 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula
base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
flexes the metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the great toe; plantar flexes
fibular (peroneal) a. and tibial a.
femur; medial head: above the medial femoral condyle; lateral head: above the lateral femoral
dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon
flexes leg; plantar flexes foot
sural aa. (from the popliteal a.), posterior tibial a.
obturator internus tendon
laterally rotates the femur
nerve to the quadratus femoris m.
ischial spine inferior gluteal a.
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius superior gluteal a.
gluteus minimus superior gluteal a.
gracilis obturator a.
iliacus femoral nerve iliolumbar a.
iliopsoas iliolumbar a.
inferior gemellus ischial tuberosity inferior gluteal a.
gemellus, superior
obturator internus tendon
laterally rotates the femur
nerve to the obturator internus m.posterior gluteal
line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous
upper fibers: iliotibial tract; lowermost fibers: gluteal tuberosity of the femur
extends the thigh; laterally rotates the femur
inferior gluteal nerve
superior and inferior gluteal aa.
external surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines
greater trochanter of the femur
abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh
superior gluteal nerve
external surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
greater trochanter of the femur
abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh
superior gluteal nerve
pubic symphysis and the inferior pubic ramus
medial surface of the tibia (via pes anserinus)
adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the thigh, flexes the leg
anterior division of the obturator nerve
iliac fossa and iliac crest; ala of sacrum
lesser trochanter of the femur
flexes the thigh; if the thigh is fixed it flexes the pelvis on the thighiliac fossa; bodies
and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
lesser trochanter of the femur
flexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4; branches of the obturator internus
tendonlaterally rotates the femur
nerve to the quadratus femoris m.interosseous,
dorsal (foot)shafts of adjacent metatarsal bones
bases of the proximal phalanges for digit 2 (both sides) & digits 3,4 (lateral side)
abduct digits 2-4 (move these digits away from midline as defined by a plane passing through the 2nd digit); flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the
deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
dorsal metatarsal aa.
lumbricals (foot)
obturator nerve obturator a.
obturator internus obturator a.
pectineus
piriformis
interosseous, plantar
base and medial side of metatarsals 3-5
bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5
adduct digits 3-5 (move these digits toward the midline of the foot as defined by a plane through the second digit); flex the metacarpophalangeal and extend
deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
plantar metatarsal aa.
tendons of the flexor digitorum longus
medial side of the extensor expansion of digits 2-5
flex the metatarsophalangeal joint, extend the proximal interphalangeal & distal interphalangeal
medial (1st) lumbrical: medial plantar nerve; lateral three lumbricals: lateral plantar nerve
medial and lateral plantar aa.
obturator externus
the external surface of the obturator membrane and the superior and
trochanteric fossa of the femur
laterally rotates the thigh
the internal surface of the obturator membrane and margin of the obturator foramen
greater trochanter on its medial surface above the trochanteric fossa
laterally rotates and abducts the thigh
nerve to the obturator internus m.
pecten of the pubis
pectineal line of the femur
adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh
femoral nerve and possibly the anterior division of the obturator nerve
medial femoral circumflex a.
peroneus mm. (SEE fibularis mm.) anterior surface
of sacrumupper border of greater trochanter of femur
laterally rotates and abducts thigh
ventral rami of S1-S2
plantar interosseous
base and medial side of metatarsals 3-5
bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 3-5
adduct digits 3-5 (move these digits toward the midline of the foot as defined by the second digit),flex metatarsophalangeal and extend interphalangeal
deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve
plantar metatarsal aa.
plantaris tibial nerve popliteal a.
popliteus tibial nerve popliteal a.
psoas major
psoas minor lumbar aa.
quadratus femoris inferior gluteal a.
quadratus plantae lateral plantar a.
femoral nerve
rectus femoris femoral nerve
sartorius femoral nerve
tibial nerve
above the lateral femoral condyle (above the lateral head of gastrocnemius)
dorsum of the calcaneus medial to the calcaneal tendon
flexes the leg; plantar flexes the foot
lateral condyle of the femur
posterior surface of the tibia above soleal line
flexes and rotates the leg medially (with the foot planted, it rotates the thigh bodies and
transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon
flexes the thigh; flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4
subcostal a., lumbar aa.
bodies of the T12 & L1 vertebrae
iliopubic eminence at the line of junction of the ilium and the superior pubic
flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
branches of the ventral primary rams of spinal nerves L1-L2
lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
quadrate line of the femur below the intertrochanteric
laterally rotates the thigh
nerve to the quadratus femoris m.
anterior portion of the calcaneus and the long plantar ligament
tendons of the flexor digitorum longus m.
assists the flexor digitorum longus in flexing the toes
lateral plantar nerve
quadriceps femoris
anterior surface of the femur and the anterior side of the medial and lateral
tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
extends the knee; rectus femoris flexes the thigh
lateral circumflex femoral a., deep femoral a.
straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head: above the superior rim of
patella and tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)
extends the leg, flexes the thigh
lateral circumflex femoral a.
anterior superior iliac spine
medial surface of the tibia (pes anserinus)
flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes leg
lateral femoral circumflex a., saphenous a.
semimembranosus
upper, outer surface of the ischial tuberosity
medial condyle of the tibia
extends the thigh, flexes the leg
perforating branches of the deep femoral a.
semitendinosus tibial nerve
soleus tibial nerve posterior tibial a.
superior gemellus ischial spine inferior gluteal a.
iliotibial tract superior gluteal a.
tibialis anterior anterior tibial a.
tibialis posterior tibial nerve
patella extends the leg femoral nerve
vastus lateralis extends leg femoral nerve
vastus medialis extends leg femoral nerve
lower, medial surface of ischial tuberosity (common tendon with biceps
medial surface of tibia (via pes anserinus)
extends the thigh, flexes the leg
perforating branches of the deep femoral a.
posterior surface of head and upper shaft of the fibula, soleal line of the tibia
dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles') tendon
plantar flexes the foot
obturator internus tendon
laterally rotates the femur
nerve to the obturator internus m.tensor fasciae
lataeanterior part of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine
flexes, abducts, and medially rotates the thigh
superior gluteal nerve
lateral tibial condyle and the upper lateral surface of the tibia
medial surface of the medial cuneiform and the 1st metatarsal
dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
interosseous membrane, posteromedial surface of the fibula,
tuberosity of the navicular and medial cuneiform, metatarsals 2-4
plantar flexes the foot; inverts the foot
fibular (peroneal) a. and tibial a.
vastus intermedius
anterior and lateral surface of the femur
lateral femoral circumflex a.
lateral intermuscular septum, lateral lip of the linea aspera and the
patella and medial patellar retinaculum
lateral femoral circumflex a., perforating branches of the deep femoral a.medial
intermuscular septum, medial lip of the linea
patella and medial patellar retinaculum
lateral femoral circumflex a.
Muscles of the Back Region - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes
none
the erector spinae m. is separated into 3 columns of muscle: iliocostalis laterally, longissimus in an intermediate position and spinalis medially; each of these columns the most lateral part of the erector spinae; it may be subdivided into lumborum, thoracis and cervicis portionsthese are small and fairly insignificant muscles
these are small and fairly insignificant muscles
the intermediate part of the erector spinae;it may be subdivided into thoracis, cervicis and capitis portionssemispinalis, multifidus and rotatores make up the transversospinal muscle group
greater occipital nerve (DPR of C2) passes superiorly around the inferior margin of the suboccipital triangle is formed by obliquus capitis superior and inferior and rectus capitis posterior major
rectus capitis posterior minor is deeper and inserts more medial than rectus capitis posterior
Muscles of the Upper Limbs - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes
semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores make up the transversospinal muscle group
three parts are named based on their insertions: capitis, cervicis and thoracis; semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores make up most medial part of the erector spinae; may be subdivided into thoracis, cervicis and capitis portionssplenius means bandage; it gets its name from its broad, flat shape
named for its shape: splenius means bandage and capitis refers to the insertion of this portion of the musclenamed for its shape: splenius means bandage and cervicis refers to the insertion of this portion of the muscle
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and opponens digiti minimi are located in the hypothenar compartment of the handabductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis are located in the thenar compartment of the hand (Latin, pollicis = the
a powerful flexor
the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis make the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox (Latin, pollicis deep palmar arch and deep ulnar nerve pass between the two heads of adductor pollicis, which is in the adductor-interosseous compartment (Latin, (Greek, anconeus = elbow)
a powerful supinator only if the elbow is flexed
although brachioradialis is innervated by the nerve for extensors (radial), its primary action is elbow flexion; the neutral position of this muscle is half way between supination and the musculocutaneous nerve passes through the coracobrachialis muscle to reach the other arm flexor mm.(biceps the deltoid muscle is the principle abductor of the arm but due to poor mechanical advantage it cannot initiate this action; it is assisted by
bipennate muscles; remember DAB & PAD - Dorsal interosseous mm. ABduct and Palmar interosseous mm. ADduct - then you can figure out where they must insert to cause these actions (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)works with the extensor carpi radialis longus and flexor carpi radialis in abduction of the hand (Greek, carpi= the wrist)works with the extensor carpi radialis brevis and flexor carpi radialis in abduction of the hand (Greek, carpi= the wrist)works with the flexor carpi ulnaris in adduction of the hand (Greek, carpi= the wrist)
extensor digiti minimi appears to be the ulnar-most portion of extensor digitorum
the extensor expansion inserts via a central band on the base of the middle phalanx, while lateral & medial slips insert on the distal phalanxextensor indicis is a deep forearm extensor, whereas extensor digiti minimi is in the superficial layer of extensors
the tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus make the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox, in which the radial arterial pulse can the tendon of extensor pollicis longus hooks around the dorsal radial tubercle; it forms the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox, in which the radial arterial works with the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis mm. to abduct hand (Greek, carpi = the wrist)the ulnar nerve passes between the two heads of origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris m. (Greek, carpi = the wrist)
flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi, and opponens digiti minimi are in the hypothenar compartment of the handulnar nerve innervates the portion of profundus that acts on digits 4 & 5 (the ulnar 2 digits)
median nerve travels distally in the forearm on the deep surface of the flexor digitorum superficialis m.flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis are the three muscles of the thenar compartment of the hand (Latin,
the tendon of flexor pollicis longus passes through the carpal tunnel with the other long digital flexor tendons and the median infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis are the rotator cuff bipennate muscles; remember DAB & PAD - Dorsal interosseous mm. ABduct and Palmar interosseous mm. ADduct - then you can figure out where they must insert to cause these actions (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)unipennate muscles; remember PAD & DAB: Palmar interossei ADduct and Dorsal interossei ABduct, and you will be able to figure out where they must insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
the inserting tendon twists so that fibers originating highest insert lowest (Latin, latissimus = broadest)
levator scapulae is named for its action (Latin, levator = to lift)
lumbricals, arise from the profundus tendons and have the same pattern of innervation as does the profundus muscle (ulnar and median nn. split the task opposition is a rotational movement of the 5th metacarpal around the long axis of its shaft; opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, and flexor digiti minimi brevis are in the opposition is a rotational movement of the 1st metacarpal around the long axis of its shaft; opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and flexor pollicis brevis are in the thenar unipennate muscles; remember PAD & DAB: Palmar interossei ADduct and Dorsal interossei ABduct, and you will be able to figure out where they must insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
palmaris brevis improves the grasp
palmaris longus is absent in about 13% of forearms; it may be present on one side only
the deep fascia on its anterior surface should not be fused to the fascia of the mammary gland - if it is, this is an important clinical sign indicating breast disease
named for its shape
named for its shape
branches of medial pectoral nerve usually pierce pectoralis minor to reach the pectoralis pronator quadratus is the deepest muscle in the distal forearm; it works with pronator teres and has the same median nerve passes between the two heads of origin of pronator teres
a lesion of long thoracic nerve will cause winging of the scapula (i.e., the medial border of the scapula falls away from the posterior chest wall and looks like an angel's a respiratory muscle, it receives ventral ramus innervation; embryonically related to the intercostal muscles, not the deep back mm. a respiratory muscle, it receives ventral ramus innervation; embryonically related to the intercostal muscles, not the deep back mm. it serves an important protective function - it cushions the subclavian vessels from bone fragments in clavicular subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor are the rotator cuff muscles
Muscles of the Head and Neck - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes
deep radial nerve passes through the supinator to reach the posterior compartment of the forearm
supraspinatus initiates abduction of the arm, then the deltoid muscle completes the action; a member of the rotator teres major inserts beside the tendon of latissimus dorsi, and assists latissimus in its fixes the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa during abduction & flexion of the arm; a member of the rotator named for its shape; trapezius is an example of a muscle that migrates during development from its level of origin (cervical) to its final position, pulling its nerve and long head of the triceps separates the triangular and quadrangular spaces (teres major, teres minor and the humerus are the other boundaries); all three heads of origin insert by a common tendon
a muscle of inspiration; an important landmark of the neck; it is located between the subclavian vein and the subclavian artery; the roots of the brachial plexus pass posterior to it; the phrenic nerve crosses its the mucosa is raised by the underlying aryepiglottic m. to form the aryepiglottic fold
the oblique arytenoid m. lies posterior to the transverse arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and the transverse arytenoid m.lies anterior to the oblique arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and the auricular muscles are derived from the mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch, as are the muscles of facial expression
although the buccinator is important in mastication, it is innervated by the buccal branch of the facial nerve and NOT by the buccal nerve from V3 (a sensory nerve) (Latin, chondroglossus is often considered to be part of the hyoglossus muscle
relaxation of the suspensory ligament allows the lens to thicken for accommodation (near
the most external of the three pharyngeal constructor mm.
of the three pharyngeal constrictors, this one is intermediate in both superior/inferior position and depththe most internal of the three pharyngeal constructor mm.
this muscle causes the furrowed brow of the worried look (Latin, corrugator= to wrinkle)an antagonist of the posterior cricoarytenoid m.; the arteries that supply the larynx anastomose within the larynx to supply the mucous membranes and the posterior cricoarytenoid is the only ABductor of the vocal folds; the arteries that supply the larynx anastomose within the larynx to supply the cricopharyngeus represents the lowest fibers of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor; it is continuous with the esophagus below and marks the beginning of itthis is the only intrinsic muscle of the larynx that is not supplied by the recurrent laryngeal n.; ALL other laryngeal muscles are innervated by recurrent laryngeal
a "frown" muscle
none
this muscle is used to bare the lower incisor teeth
depressor septi is considered a part of the nasalis m.
the digastric m. forms two sides of the submandibular triangle; it is formed from mesenchyme derived from the first two pharyngeal arches,
the frontalis and occipitalis muscles are two bellies of the epicranius muscle; also known as: occipitofrontalis m.frontalis is the anterior belly of the epicranius musclean extrinsic muscle of the tongue; XII innervates all tongue muscles except palatoglossus [innervated by vagus (X), as are most of the palate and pharynx muscles]; thyrohyoid and geniohyoid receive ansa cervicalis fibers that travel with the hypoglossal nerve distal an extrinsic muscle of the tongue
a "smile" muscle
clinicians examining the eye will ask the patient to look toward the bridge of the nose to test the function of this muscle
the most external of the three pharyngeal constructor mm.
because this muscle approaches the eyeball from a medial direction, it has a rotational action on the irisan antagonist of the posterior cricoarytenoid m.; the arteries that supply the larynx anastomose within the larynx to supply the mucous membranes and the only one of the muscles of mastication that opens the mouth; the superior head of lateral pterygoid is sometimes called sphenomeniscus due to its insertion into the disc of the loss of function of the abducens nerve will cause the eye to be abducted
levator labii superioris is used to bare the upper incisor teeth, as in a sneer (Latin, levator = to lift + labial = lips)(Latin, levator = to lift + labial = lips)
none
none
fibers inserting into the superior tarsal plate are called superior tarsal muscle and are smooth muscle; lesion of the sympathetic supply causes slight ptosis (drooping of the eyelid) named for its action (Latin, levator = to lift)
a derivative of the fourth pharyngeal arch (Latin, levator = to lift)
an intrinsic muscle of the tongue; longitudinalis has superior and inferior subdivisions that span the length of the tonguean intrinsic muscle of the tongue whose fibers run transversely
an intrinsic muscle of the tongue whose fibers run superoinferiorly
(Greek, masseter = the chewer)
this muscle mirrors the masseter m. in position and action with the ramus of the mandible between the two mm. (Greek, pterygoid = this muscle directly opposes the action of the lateral rectus m.
of the three pharyngeal constrictors, this one is intermediate in both superior/inferior position and deptha muscle of respiration (inspiratory); also called scalenus medius; penetrated by the dorsal scapular n. and long thoracic n. (Greek, the soft palate and uvula resist the upward pressure of the tongue during swallowingthe nerve to mylohyoid also innervates the anterior belly of digastric m.; both muscles are derivatives of the second pharygneal nasalis has two subsidiary parts: nasalis pars alaris and pars transversaa subdivision of the nasalis m. (Latin, pars = a part)a subdivision of the nasalis m. (Latin, pars = a part)the oblique arytenoid m. lies posterior to the transverse arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and clinicians examining the eye will ask the patient to look toward the bridge of the nose to test the function of this muscle
passes through a fibrocartilagenous pulley known as the trochlea; when the eye is adducted, this muscle
the "kissing" muscle
occipitalis is the posterior belly of the epicranius musclethe frontalis and occipitalis muscles are two bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle; also known as: epicranius m.the intermediate tendon of omohyoid is tethered to the clavicle by a fascial sling
activated involuntarily in the blink reflex; the palpebral part is active in normal blinking and the orbital part is used to forcefully close the
although palatoglossus sounds like a tongue muscle (and would therefore be innervated by XII), it is a palatal palatopharyngeus is part of the inner longitudinal muscle layer of the pharynx
platysma is derived from the mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch (Greek, platysma = a flat plate)the posterior cricoarytenoid is the only ABductor of the vocal folds; the arteries that supply the larynx anastomose within the larynx to supply the a muscle of respiration (inspiratory); it is the longest of the scalene muscles (Greek, scalene (Latin, procerus = long and streched out)
none
none
none
none
the only one of the muscles of mastication that opens the mouth; the superior head of lateral pterygoid is sometimes called sphenomeniscus due to its insertion into the disc of the this muscle mirrors the masseter m. in position and action with the ramus of the mandible between the two mm. (Greek, pterygoid =
because this muscle approaches the eyeball from a medial direction, it has a rotational action on the irisloss of function of the abducens nerve will cause the eye to be abductedthis muscle directly opposes the action of the lateral rectus m.because this muscle approaches the eye from a medial position, it causes the iris to rotate mediallyrisorius is active in expressions of mirth (Latin, risorius = to
none
like other muscles of the pharyngeal wall, salpingopharyngeus is derived from the fourth pharyngeal arch
a muscle of inspiration; an important landmark of the neck; it is located between the subclavian vein and the subclavian artery; the roots of the brachial plexus pass posterior to it; the phrenic nerve crosses its a muscle of respiration (inspiratory); also called scalenus medius; penetrated by the dorsal scapular n. and long thoracic n. (Greek, a muscle of respiration (inspiratory); it is the longest of the scalene muscles (Greek, scalene sphenomeniscus is another name for the superior belly of the lateral pterygoid m.
it gets its name from its broad, flat shape (Greek, splenius = a bandage)
entirely enclosed in bone, except for its tendon; a derivative of the second pharyngeal carotid sheath structures lie deep to it
sternohyoid overlies the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid mm.
sternothyroid lies deep to the sternohyoid m.
an extrinsic muscle of the tongue
facial nerve innervates both the stylohyoid m. and the posterior belly of the digastric m. shortly after exiting from the stylomastoid foramenstylopharyngeus, the only muscle innervated by IX, is the only muscle of the pharyngeal wall NOT innervated by the vagus (X) nerve; it is a derivative of the third passes through a fibrocartilagenous pulley known as the trochlea; when the eye is adducted, this muscle the most internal of the three pharyngeal constructor mm.
because this muscle approaches the eye from a medial position, it causes the iris to rotate mediallya powerful chewing muscle; a derivative of the first pharyngeal arch
V3 innervates both tensor muscles of the head (tympani and veli palatini) which are derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch (Latin, remember: V3 innervates both tensor muscles (tympani and veli palatini); ALL other palatal muscles are its subsidiary parts are the thyroepiglottic m. and the vocalis m.; the medial most fibers of thyroarytenoid that insert along the vocal ligament are called the represents the superior fibers of thyroarytenoid muscle which fan out to the quadrangular membrane and epiglottisthyrohyoid lies deep to the sternohyoid
smooth muscle, found in the submucosal layer
the transverse arytenoid m.lies anterior to the oblique arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and the transverse arytenoid m.lies anterior to the oblique arytenoid m.; the arytenoideus is often considered to be one muscle with oblique and
a "smile" muscle
a "smile" muscle
Muscles of the Thoracic Region - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes
represents the innermost fibers of the thyroarytenoid muscle; the cricothyroid m. grossly tenses the vocal ligaments, while the vocalis muscle provides the mechanism for fine
left crus attaches to the L1-L2 vertebral bodies, the right crus attaches to the L1-L3 vertebral bodies
11 in number; they extend from the tubercle of the rib to the costochondral junction; continuous with the external intercostal innermost intercostal mm. have the same fiber direction as the internal intercostal mm., the only difference being that they lie deep to the 11 in number; they extend from the margin of the sternum to the angle of the rib; continuous posteriorly with the internal these are fairly small and insignificant musclessubcostalis, transversus thoracis & innermost intercostal mm. make up the deepest intercostal
Muscles of the Abdominal Region - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes
transversus thoracis, subcostalis & innermost intercostal mm. make up the innermost intercostal muscle layer
the cremaster m. is internal abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the spermatic cord and testis; the cremasteric reflex may be elicited by stroking the medial thigh (where the femoral branch of the the dartos elevates the testis in response to cold (it is modified arrector pili fibers, or the goose-bump muscles) (Latin, dartos = leather)the inguinal ligament is a specialization of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis; the external spermatic fascia is the external abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the testis and spermatic cord
an inconstant part of the transversus abdominis m. which may be replaced by a ligament (interfoveolar ligament)
anterior fibers of internal abdominal oblique course up and medially, perpendicular to the fibers of external abdominal oblique; the cremaster muscle and fascia is the internal abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the the inguinal ligament is a specialization of the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis; the external spermatic fascia is the external abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the testis and spermatic cord
anterior fibers of internal abdominal oblique course up and medially, perpendicular to the fibers of external abdominal oblique; the cremaster muscle and fascia is the internal abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the the genitofemoral nerve pierces the anterior surface of the psoas major m. (Greek, psoas = the muscles of the absent in 40% of cases (Greek, psoas = the muscles of the loins)
the pyramidalis m. is not always present
Muscles of the Pelvis and Perineum - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes
skeletal muscle
the lateral arcuate ligament of the diaphragm crosses the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum m.rectus sheath contains rectus abdominis and is formed by the aponeuroses of external and internal oblique and transversus abdominis transversus abdominis muscle does not contribute to the coverings of the spermatic cord and testis; transversalis fascia, the deep fascia that covers the inner surface of the transversus abdominis, forms the internal
skeletal (voluntary) muscle, as contrasted with sphincter ani internus, which is smooth (involuntary) muscle; the external anal sphincter is considered smooth muscle (involuntary), as contrasted with sphincter ani externus, which is skeletal muscle
expels the last drops of urine from urethra; expels semen during ejaculation
coccygeus and levator ani combined form the pelvic diaphragm
superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal muscles in the neck of bladder must contract and cause the internal urethral orifice to open before the detruser muscle can void the bladder (Latin, detruser the combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus is called ischiocavernosus m. is closely applied to the surface of the crus penis/clitoristhe combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus & iliococcygeus is the levator ani m.; coccygeus and levator ani combined form the pelvic levator prostatae is part of the puborectalis m. (Latin, levator = to lift)
the combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus is called the combination of puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus is called the levator ani m.pubovaginalis is part of the levator ani muscle
skeletal (voluntary) muscle, as contrasted with sphincter ani internus, which is smooth (involuntary) muscle; the external anal sphincter is considered
skeletal muscle
skeletal muscle
Muscles of the Lower Limb - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes
smooth muscle (involuntary), as contrasted with sphincter ani externus, which is skeletal muscle
superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal superficial and deep transverse perineus muscles are separated by the perineal
abductor digiti minimi forms the lateral margin of the sole of the foot
abductor hallucis forms the medial margin of the sole of the foot (Latin, hallex = great toe)anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator nerve lie on the anterior and posterior surfaces of adductor brevisthe plantar arterial arch passes superior to the oblique head of adductor hallucis (Latin, hallex = great toe)the most anterior of the adductor group of muscles
the ischiocondylar part of adductor magnus is a hamstring muscle by embryonic origin and action, so it is innervated adductor minimus m. is the uppermost fibers of the adductor magnus m.
articularis genu is formed by muscle fascicles deep to the vastus intermedius m.one of the "hamstring" muscles
four in number; remember DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct) and PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct), then logic can tell you where these muscles insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
the part of the extensor digitorum brevis that goes to the great toe is called the extensor one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome
usually considered to be the medial-most part of the extensor digitorum brevis m. (Latin, hallex = great toe)one of the muscles involved in anterior compartment syndrome (Latin, hallex = great toe)stress fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal bone is a common runner's injury
none
fibularis longus lies superficial to the fibularis brevis m. in the lateral compartment of the leg
fibularis tertius is in the anterior compartment of the leg, not the lateral compartment (which contains fibularis longus and brevis)
flexor digitorum brevis in the foot is equivalent to the flexor digitorum superficialis m. of the arm
flexor digitorum longus in the leg is equivalent to the flexor digitorum profundus m. of the arm
each tendon of insertion contains a sesamoid bone (Latin, hallex = great toe)
flexor hallucis longus is very important in the "push off" part of the normal gait (Latin, hallex = great toe)
the calcaneal tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body
gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin"
gemellus is a Latin word that means "little twin"gluteus maximus is a site of intramuscular injection
the angle at which the gluteus medius tendon approaches the greater trochanter of the femur is anterior to the axis of rotation of the thigh, resulting in medial the angle at which the gluteus minimus tendon approaches the greater trochanter of the femur is anterior to the axis of rotation of the thigh, resulting in medial the pes anserinus is the common insertion of the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus mm. (Latin, pes anserinus = goose's foot; gracilis = inserts in company with the psoas major m. via the iliopsoas tendon
a combination of the iliacus and psoas major mm.
Latin, gemellus = little twinfour in number; remember DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct) and PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct), then logic can tell you where these muscles insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
remember PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct) and DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct), and logic will tell you where these muscles must insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
the lumbricals of the foot have the same action on the toes that the lumbricals in the hand have on the fingers (Latin, lumbricus = earthworm)the tendon of the obturator externus m. passes inferior to the neck of the femur to reach its insertion sitethe obturator internus m. leaves the pelvis by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen; the superior and inferior gemellus mm. insert on pectineus often has a dual innervation
peroneus is the old terminology used for the fibularis mm.piriformis leaves the pelvis by passing through the greater sciatic foramenremember PAD (Plantar interossei ADduct) and DAB (Dorsal interossei ABduct), and logic will tell you where these muscles must insert (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
plantaris has a long slender tendon that is equivalent to the tendon of the palmaris longus m. of the arm; its tendon is often called the "freshman nerve" because it is often has a round tendon of origin; popliteus unlocks the knee joint to initiate flexion of the leg
the genitofemoral nerve pierces the anterior surface of the psoas major m. (Latin, psoas = the muscles of the loins)absent in 40% of cases (Latin, psoas = the muscles of the loins)
the nerve to the quadratus femoris m. also innervates the inferior gemellus m.the quadratus plantae m. changes the line of force of the flexor digitorum longus m. to bring it in line with the long axis of the foot (Latin, composed of 4 muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialisrectus femoris is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle
its actions put the lower limb in the traditional cross-legged seated position of a tailor (Latin, sartorius = tailor)one of the "hamstring" muscles
pes anserinus is the common insertion for the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus mm.
soleus and the 2 heads of gastrocnemius are sometimes called the triceps surae muscle
Latin, gemellus = little twintensor fascia latae redirects the rotational forces of the gluteus maximus m.acts as both an antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis acts as both an antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis vastus intermedius is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle (Latin, vastus = huge)vastus lateralis is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle (Latin, vastus = huge)
vastus medialis is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle (Latin, vastus = huge)
Nerves of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyNerve Source Branches Motor Sensory
abducens none
accessory none
infraorbital n. dental plexus none
infraorbital n. dental plexus none
maxillary n. dental plexus none
anococcygeal n. none
ansa cervicalis none
none
none
radial n. none
temporalis m.
pons: abducens nucleus
no named branches
GSE: lateral rectus m.
cranial root: medulla - nucleus ambiguus; spinal root: spinal nucleus of the upper
no named branches
GSE: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius mm.
alveolar, anterior superior
maxillary canine and incisor teeth and gingiva; alveolar,
inferiormandibular division of the trigeminal n.(V3)
n. to mylohyoid; inferior dental plexus; mental nerve
mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric m. via n. to
teeth of the mandible; skin of the chin
alveolar, middle superior
maxillary premolar teeth and gingiva; maxillary sinusalveolar,
posterior superior
maxillary molar teeth and gingiva; maxillary sinuscoccygeal
plexus (S4-C1)no named branches
skin overlying the coccyx
superior root (C1 and C2) and inferior root (C2 and C3) of the ansa cervicalis
to infrahyoid muscles
omohyoid m., sternohyoid m., sternothyroid m., thyrohyoid m., geniohyoid m.antebrachial
cutaneous, lateral
musculocutaneous n.
anterior and posterior branches
skin of the lateral side of the forearm
antebrachial cutaneous, medial
medial cord of the brachial plexus
no named branches
skin of the medial side of the forearmantebrachial
cutaneous, posterior
inferior lateral brachial cutaneous n.
skin of the lateral distal arm and posterior anterior deep
temporal n.mandibular division of the trigeminal n.
no named branches
no cutaneous branches
nasociliary n. none
femoral
median n. none
ilioinguinal n. none
none
infraorbital n. dental plexus none
axillary n.
none
anterior ethmoidal n.
internal & external nasal brs.
mucous membrane lining the anterior ethmoid air cells and upper anterior part of the nasal cavity;
anterior femoral cutaneous n.
no named branches
sympathetic motor innervation to
skin of the anterior thigh
anterior interosseous n.
no named branches
flexor pollicis longus m., radial half of flexor digitorum profundus m., pronator anterior labial
n.no named branches
skin of the anterior aspect of the labium majusanterior scrotal
n.anterior cutaneous br. of the ilioinguinal
no named branches
skin of the anterior aspect of the scrotumanterior
superior alveolar n.
maxillary canine and incisor teeth and gingiva; aorticorenal
ganglionpreganglionic sympathetic via the lesser thoracic splanchnic n.
brs. to the renal plexus
vascular smooth muscle of the brs. of the renal aa.
pain from the kidney, suprarenal gland, upper ureterauriculotempor
al n.mandibular division of the trigeminal n. (V3)
parotid brs., articular brs., anterior auricular brs.
secretomotor to the parotid gland by carrying postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion; [preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
skin of anterior ear and the skin anterosuperior to the ear; part of the external auditory meatus; temporomandibular joint
posterior cord of the brachial plexus
superior lateral brachial cutaneous
deltoid, teres minor
skin of the upper lateral armbrachial
cutaneous, inferior lateral
radial n. via its posterior antebrachial cutaneous be.
no named branches
skin of the lateral side of the distal arm
none
radial none
brachial plexus
facial n. (VII)
C1 spinal n. none
C2 spinal n.
brachial cutaneous, medial
medial cord of the brachial plexus
no named branches
skin of the medial side of the armbrachial
cutaneous, posterior
no named branches
skin of the posterior arm
ventral primary rami of C5-8 and T1
dorsal scapular, long thoracic, n. to subclavius, suprascapular, lateral and medial pectoral, medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous, upper, middle and lower subscapular,
muscles of the upper limb, excluding trapezius
skin of the upper limb
buccal branch of the trigeminal n.
mandibular division of the trigeminal n. (V3)
no named branches
no motor branches
skin of the cheek, mucosa lining the cheek
buccal branches of the facial n.
no sensory branches
zygomaticus major & minor, buccinator, orbicularis oris, levator anguli oris, levator labii superioris & alaque nasi,
no sensory branches
C1 ventral primary ramus
contributes to the superior root of the ansa cervicalis; brs. to: rectus capitis anterior and lateralis mm., longus
rectus capitis anterior and lateralis, longus capitis, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid,
C2 ventral primary ramus
contributes to: superior and inferior roots of the ansa cervicalis, lesser occipital n., great auricular n., transverse cervical n.; brs.
omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, longus capitis and longus colli
skin behind the ear and on the neck below the mandible; proprioception from the sternocleidomastoid m.
C3 spinal n.
C4 spinal n.
C5 spinal n.
C6 spinal n.
C7 spinal n.
C8 spinal n.
cardiac plexus
C3 ventral primary ramus
contributes to: inferior root of the ansa cervicalis, great auricular n., transverse cervical n., supraclavicular nn., phrenic n.; brs. to: longus capitis & colli,
omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, longus capitis & colli, scalenus medius, levator scapulae, respiratory diaphragm
skin of the anterolateral neck; proprioception from the sternocleidomastoid m. and the trapezius m
C4 ventral primary ramus
contributes to: supraclavicular nn., phrenic n.; brs. to: longus colli, scalenus medius, levator scapulae,
longus colli, scalenus medius, levator scapulae, respiratory diaphragm
skin of the root of the neck and the upper shoulder; proprioception from the trapezius m.
C5 ventral primary ramus
contributes to: phrenic n., long thoracic n.
respiratory diaphragm, scalene mm., muscles of the shoulder and
skin of the ventral arm and ventral forearm
C6 ventral primary ramus
contributes to: long thoracic n.
scalene mm., muscles of the lower shoulder and arm
skin of the lateral side of the upper limb
C7 ventral primary ramus
contributes to: long thoracic n.
muscles of the lower shoulder, arm forearm
skin of the posterior side of the upper limbC8 ventral
primary ramusno named branches
muscles of the forearm and hand
skin of the medial side of the upper limbcardiac brs. of
the vagus n. and cervical sympathetic trunk; thoracic visceral nn.
no named branches
moderates heart muscle (parasympathetic: decreases rate and force of contraction; sympathetic: increases rate and force of contraction); vascular smooth muscle of the heart & lungs (sympathetic); smooth muscle
pain from the heart and lungs
cardiac, vagal vagus n. (X)
none
none
none
none
cardiac, sympathetic
cervical sympathetic trunk
no named branches
heart (sympathetic: increases rate and force of contraction, parasympathetic: decreases rate and force of contraction);
heart, bronchial tree and lungs
no named branches
heart (parasympathetic: decreases rate and force of contraction; sympathetic: increases rate and force of contraction);
heart, bronchial tree and lungs
carotid body, n. to
glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
no named branches
sensory receptors in the carotid body and carotid carotid plexus,
externalsuperior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the
distributes along the brs. of the external carotid artery
vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands of face & carotid plexus,
internalsuperior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the internal carotid n.
most distribute along the brs. of the internal carotid artery, although the deep petrosal n. is an exception because it runs a short course independent of
vascular smooth muscle of the brain, orbit, forehead, upper nasal cavity; arrector pili muscles of forehead and anterior scalp; sweat glands of
carotid, external
superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
contributes to the external carotid plexus
vascular smooth muscle of the internal carotid system of vessels; sweat glands, arrector pili mm. of the
carotid, internal none
celiac ganglion
cervical plexus
facial (VII) none
superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
contributes to the internal carotid plexus
vascular smooth muscle of the external carotid system of vessels; sweat glands, arrector pili mm. of the skin of the face
preganglionic sympathetic axons arrive via the greater thoracic splanchnic n.
postganglionic sympathetic axons distribute via the celiac plexus along brs. of the
vascular smooth muscle of the brs. of the celiac trunk
pain from the stomach, liver & biliary system, spleen, upper half of the duodenum ventral primary
rami of spinal nerves C1-C4
brs. to: longus colli & capitis, sternocleidomastoid m., trapezius m., levator scapulae m., scalenus medius m., rectus capitis anterior and lateralis mm.; superior & inferior root of the ansa cervicalis, n. to the thyrohyoid m., n. to the geniohyoid m., lesser occipital n., great auricular n., transverse cervical n., supraclavicular
longus colli & capitis mm., rectus capitis anterior & lateralis mm., infrahyoid mm., thyrohyoid m., geniohyoid m., respiratory diaphragm
skin of the anterolateral neck; skin of the ear and skin behind the ear
cervicofacial division
buccal br., marginal mandibular br., cervical br.
muscles of facial expression of the lower part of the face;
chorda tympani facial (VII)
ciliary ganglion none
ciliary, long nasociliary none eyeball (GSA)ciliary, short eyeball (GSA)
cluneal, inferior none
cluneal, middle none
none
anococcygeal n. none
none
cochlear n. none hearing (SSA)
no named branches
secretomotor to the submandibular and sublingual glands (it carries preganglionic parasympatheti
taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
preganglionic parasympathetic axons arrive via the inferior division of the oculomotor n.
postganglionic parasympathetic axons which distribute via short ciliary nn.
sphincter pupillae m., ciliary m. of the eye
no named ciliary ganglion: sensory root - from the nasociliary n. (a branch of V1); sympathetic root - from the internal carotid plexus; parasympathetic root - from the
multiple short ciliary nn. which leave the ciliary ganglion anteriorly
sphincter pupillae & ciliary mm. (parasympathetic), dilator pupillae (sympathetic)
posterior femoral cutaneous n.
no named branches
skin of the lower part of the buttocklateral
cutaneous branches of the dorsal primary rami of spinal
no named branches
skin of the intermediate medial portion of the buttock
cluneal, superior
lateral cutaneous branches of the dorsal primary rami of spinal
no named branches
skin of the superomedial portion of the buttock
coccygeal plexus
ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S4, S5,
skin of the region overlying the coccyxcoccygeus m.,
n. tosacral plexus (brs. of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4)
no named branches
coccygeus m., levator ani m.
vestibulocochle no named
sciatic n.
1st lumbrical m.
collateral ganglia
splanchnic nn. (thoracic, lumbar)
plexuses to abdominal & pelvic viscera
smooth muscle in blood vessels supplying the abdominopelvic viscera
pain from the abdominopelvic viscera
common fibular n.
lateral sural cutaneous n., superficial and deep fibular nn.
superficial fibular n.: muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg (fibularis longus and brevis mm.); deep fibular n.: muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (tibialis anterior m., extensor hallucis longus m., extensor digitorum longus m.,
superficial fibular n.: distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of the leg, dorsum of the foot excluding the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe and distal interphalangeal segments of all toes; deep fibular n.: skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe
common palmar digital nn.
median n.; superficial br. of the ulnar n.
proper palmar digital nn.
sympathetic motor to the skin; motor nn. to the 1st & 2nd lumbrical mm. are carried on common palmar digital brs. of
skin of the palmar surfaces of the adjacent sides of two digits
common plantar digital nn.
medial plantar n. (1st-3rd); superficial br. of the lateral plantar n. (4th)
proper plantar digital nn.
skin of the plantar surface of the toes (except the medial side of the great toe and the lateral
cranial nn.
deep fibular n.
deep petrosal n. none
deep radial n. radial n.
nuclei located in the brain, branistem and upper cervical spinal cord
12 pairs: olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
eye muscles, muscles of mastication, middle ear, face, tongue, pharynx, larynx, most suprahyoid muscles, sternocleidomastoid m., trapezius m., smooth muscle of the gut, cardiac muscle, bronchial
smell, vision, taste, hearing, balance, general sensation form the skin of the face, sense from viscera of the head, neck, thorax and abdomen (proximal to the splenic flexure)
common fibular n.
one proper digital br.
muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (tibialis anterior m., extensor hallucis longus m., extensor digitorum longus m., fibularis tertius m.) and muscles of the dorsum
skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe
internal carotid plexus
no named branches
vascular smooth muscle of the mucous membranes of the lower nasal cavity, maxillary sinus
posterior interosseous n.
extensor carpi radialis brevis m., supinator m., extensor digitorum m., extensor digiti minimi m., abductor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis longus
no cutaneous branches
facial n. (VII) none
1st lumbrical m.
digital, dorsal radial n.
ulnar n. dorsal digital
dorsal digital n. radial n.
digastric m., posterior belly, n. to
no named branches
posterior belly of the digastric m.digital, common
palmarmedian n.; superficial br. of the ulnar n.
proper palmar digital nn.
sympathetic motor to the skin; motor nn. to the 1st & 2nd lumbrical mm. are carried on common palmar digital brs. of
skin of the palmar surfaces of the adjacent sides of two digits
digital, common plantar
medial plantar n. (1st-3rd); superficial br. of the lateral plantar n. (4th)
proper plantar digital nn.
skin of the plantar surface of the toes (except the medial side of the great toe and the lateral
no named branches
sympathetic motor innervation to skin
dorsal skin of the lateral 3 1/2 digits, except the nail beddigital, proper
palmarcommon palmar digital branches of the median n.; common palmar digital branches of the superficial br. of the ulnar n.
no named branches
sympathetic motor to the skin
median: palmar skin and nail bed of digits 1-3 and the lateral side of 4th digit; ulnar: palmar and dorsal skin on medial side of the 4th digit
digital, proper plantar
common plantar digital; medial plantar n. (to the medial side of the great toe); superficial br. of the lateral plantar n. (to the lateral side
no named branches
flexor hallucis brevis m. (from the proper plantar digital n. on the medial side of the great toe)
skin of the plantar surface of the toes and dorsal surface of the distal interphalangeal segment
dorsal branch of the ulnar n.
sympathetic motor innervation to skin
skin of the dorsal surface of the medial 1 1/2 digits; skin of the medial side of the back no named
branchessympathetic motor innervation to skin
dorsal skin of the lateral 3 1/2 digits, except the nail bed
pudendal n.
pudendal n.
numerous
dorsal root none none
dorsal rootlets dorsal rootlets none one dermatome
none
nasociliary n. none
dorsal n., of the clitoris
no named branches
sympathetic motor innervation to
skin of the shaft of the clitoris
dorsal n., of the penis
no named branches
sympathetic motor innervation to
skin of the shaft of the penis
dorsal primary ramus
first branch off of the dorsal side of the spinal nerve
to the deep back mm.; sympathetic innervation to the skin
general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) to the skin of from the dorsal
horn of the spinal cord to the spinal nerve
general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.)dorsal root
ganglion
dorsal scapular n.
brachial plexus (br. of C5 ventral primary ramus)
no named branches
rhomboideus major and minor mm.; levator scapulae esophageal
plexusright and left vagus (X) nn.; thoracic visceral brs. of the sympathetic trunk
anterior and posterior vagal trunks
preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the vagus n. supply smooth muscle and glands of the thoracic esophagus and abdominal gut and its derivatives proximal to the left colic flexure; postganglionic sympathetic axons from the
vagus: GVA from the esophagus and abdominal gut proximal to the left colic flexure; thoracic visceral brs.carry pain from the esophagus
ethmoidal, anterior
internal & external nasal brs.
mucous membrane lining the anterior ethmoid air cells and upper anterior part of the nasal cavity;
nasociliary n. none
none
none
facial n.
femoral
ethmoidal, posterior
no named branches
mucous membrane lining the posterior ethmoid air external carotid
n.superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
contributes to the external carotid plexus
vascular smooth muscle of the internal carotid system of vessels; sweat glands, arrector pili mm. of the
external carotid plexus
superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the
distributes along the brs. of the external carotid artery
vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands of face & pons and
medulla: nucleus solitarius of medulla via nervus intermedius (SVA sensory root) from geniculate ganglion; superior salivatory nucleus (GVE preganglionic parasympathetic) of pons via nervus intermedius; facial motor nucleus of pons via motor root
greater petrosal n. (preganglionic parasympathetic to pterygopalatine ganglion, postganglionic parasympathetic travels with brs. of maxillary division of V), chorda tympani (SVA taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue; preganglionic parasympathetic to the submandibular ganglion, postganglionic parasympathetic to the submandibular and sublingual glands), n. to stapedius, posterior auricular n.,
stapedius m., stylohyoid m., posterior belly of digastric m., muscles of facial expression; secretomotor to lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual, and mucous glands of the nasal and oral cavities
taste (SVA) from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue; part of the skin of the external auditory meatus
femoral cutaneous, anterior
no named branches
sympathetic motor innervation to
skin of the anterior thigh
femoral
fibular, common sciatic n.
fibular, deep
femoral cutaneous, lateral
lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L3)
anterior & posterior brs.
sympathetic motor innervation to skin
skin of the lateral thigh
femoral cutaneous, posterior
sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S1-S3)
inferior cluneal nn.; perineal br.
sympathetic motor innervation to skin
skin of the lower buttock & posterior thigh
lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of L2-L4)
anterior femoral cutaneous brs., nn. to anterior thigh muscles, saphenous n.
sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis,
skin of anterior thigh, medial leg, & medial foot
lateral sural cutaneous n., superficial and deep fibular nn.
superficial fibular n.: muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg (fibularis longus and brevis mm.); deep fibular n.: muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (tibialis anterior m., extensor hallucis longus m., extensor digitorum longus m.,
superficial fibular n.: distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of the leg, dorsum of the foot excluding the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe and distal interphalangeal segments of all toes; deep fibular n.: skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe
common fibular n.
one proper digital br.
muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (tibialis anterior m., extensor hallucis longus m., extensor digitorum longus m., fibularis tertius m.) and muscles of the dorsum
skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe
frontal none
none
splanchnic nn.
none
fibular, superficial
common fibular n.
medial dorsal cutaneous n. to the medial side of the foot; dorsal digital nn. to the lateral 3 toes
muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg (fibularis longus and brevis mm.)
distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of the leg; dorsum of the foot excluding the skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe and the distal
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n. (V1)
supraorbital n., supratrochlear n.
skin of the forehead and the medial part of the upper eyelid; mucous membrane of ganglia,
collateralsplanchnic nn. (thoracic, lumbar)
plexuses to abdominal & pelvic viscera
smooth muscle in blood vessels supplying the abdominopelvic viscera
pain from the abdominopelvic viscera
ganglia, myenteric
preganglionic parasympathetic via anterior and posterior vagal trunks (gut proximal to the left colic flexure) and pelvic splanchnic nn.
postganglionic parasympathetic via many short fibers
smooth muscle of the gut wall
ganglia, preaortic
plexuses to abdominal and pelvic viscera
vascular smooth muscle of vessels that supply abdominopelvic
pain from abdominopelvic viscera
ganglia, submucosal of the gut
preganglionic parasympathetic arrive via branches of the anterior and posterior vagal trunks (gut proximal to the left colic flexure) and pelvic
postganglionic parasympathetic via many short fibers
secretomotor to glands in the mucosa of the gut
ganglion, celiac
ganglion, ciliary none
dorsal rootlets dorsal rootlets none one dermatome
none
ganglion, otic none
ganglia, sympathetic chain
preganglionic sympathetic fibers arrive via white rami communicantes of ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-L2
postganglionic sympathetic fibers depart via gray rami communicantes to all spinal nn.; internal & external carotid nn.; cervical cardiac brs.; thoracic direct visceral brs.; greater, lesser & least thoracic
dilator pupillae, vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands, suprarenal medulla, heart, lungs and gut
pain from viscera
preganglionic sympathetic axons arrive via the greater thoracic splanchnic n.
postganglionic sympathetic axons distribute via the celiac plexus along brs. of the
vascular smooth muscle of the brs. of the celiac trunk
pain from the stomach, liver & biliary system, spleen, upper half of the duodenum preganglionic
parasympathetic axons arrive via the inferior division of the oculomotor n.
postganglionic parasympathetic axons which distribute via short ciliary nn.
sphincter pupillae m., ciliary m. of the eye
ganglion, dorsal root
ganglion, geniculate
facial n. (VII) (chorda tympani branch)
nervus intermedius (SVA sensory root of facial n.)
taste (SVA) from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
ganglion, inferior mesenteric
preganglionic sympathetic axons from the intermesenteric plexus and the 2nd lumbar splanchnic n.
contributes to the inferior mesenteric plexus; contributes to the superior hypogastric
vascular smooth muscle of brs. of the inferior mesenteric a.
pain from descending colon and sigmoid colon; pain from upper rectum
preganglionic parasympathetic via the lesser petrosal, from the tympanic n. of the glossopharynge
postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute with the parotid brs. of the auriculotempor
secretomotor to the parotid gland
none
none
ganglion, spiral none hearing (SSA)
pain from lungs
none
ganglion, pterygopalatine
preganglionic parasympathetic axons arrive via the n. of the pterygoid canal from greater petrosal n. of the facial n (VII); postganglionic sympathetic axons arrive via
postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute via the greater & lesser palatine nn., nasopalatine n., sphenopalatine n. and zygomatic n.
secretomotor to: mucous glands of the palate, nasal cavity, lacrimal gland
ganglion, semilunar
ophthalmic (V1) , maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) divisions of the trigeminal n.
sensory fibers depart via the trigeminal n. (V)
skin of the face, mucous membranes of the nasal and oral cavities, mucous membrane of the anterior
fibers of the cochlear hair cells
cochlear n. portion of the vestibulocochlear n. (VIII)ganglion,
stellateneurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord level T1
gray rami communicans to spinal nerves C8 and T1 (postganglionic sympathetic); thoracic visceral br.
vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands of the C8 & T1 cutaneous distribution on chest & upper limb (C8 and T1 dermatomes); vascular smooth
ganglion, submandibular
preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the chorda tympani (accompanying the lingual n. from the mandibular
postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute either directly, or with branches of the lingual n. to the submandibular and sublingual
secretomotor to the submandibular and sublingual glands and the small glands of the lingual mucosa
none
geniohyoid m. none
cremaster m.
gluteal, inferior none
none
none none
ganglion, superior mesenteric
preganglionic sympathetic axons from the celiac plexus
contributes to the superior mesenteric and intermesenteric plexuses
vascular smooth muscle of brs. of the superior mesenteric a.
pain from the lower half of the pancreas and duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon
geniculate ganglion
facial n. (VII) (chorda tympani branch)
nervus intermedius (SVA sensory root of facial n.)
taste (SVA) from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
geniohyoid m., n. to
C1 fibers from the superior root of the ansa cervicalis
no named branches
genitofemoral n.
lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L2)
genital br., femoral br.
skin of the anterior scrotum/labia majora & upper medial thighglossopharynge
al n.medulla: spinal trigeminal nucleus from the superior ganglion (GVA); nucleus solitarius from the inferior ganglion (SVA); nucleus ambiguus (GVA); inferior salivatory
tympanic nerve to the tympanic plexus and lesser petrosal n., carotid sinus n., stylopharyngeus brs., pharyngeal brs.
GSE: stylopharyngeus; GVE: secretomotor to the parotid gland (preganglionic parasympathetic via the tympanic n. to the lesser petrosal n. to the otic
GVA: carotid body, carotid sinus, pharynx, middle ear; GSA: skin of the external ear; SVA: taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L5, S1-
no named branches
gluteus maximus m.
gluteal, superior
sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5,
superior & inferior brs.
gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., tensor fasciae gray ramus
communicanscell bodies located in the sympathetic chain ganglia
carries postganglionic sympathetic axons to the spinal nerve; spinal nerve will carry those axons
none
none
facial (VII) none
hypogastric n.
great auricular n.
cervical plexus (contributions from the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C2&C3)
mastoid n., auricular n.
skin of the ear and skin below the ear
greater occipital n.
dorsal primary ramus of spinal nerve C2 (medial br.)
no named branches
posterior neck muscles
skin of the posterior surface of the scalpgreater palatine
n.maxillary division of the trigeminal n. (V2)
posterior inferior lateral nasal brs.
mucous membrane of the inferior part of the lateral nasal wall; mucosa of the greater petrosal
n.no named branches
secretomotor (preganglionic parasympathetic) to: lacrimal gland, mucous glands of the lower nasal cavity,
greater thoracic splanchnic n.
neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord levels T5-T9; the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve appears to arise by multiple
no named branches
celiac ganglion; preganglionic fibers supply the adrenal medulla which releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood
pain from the abdominal viscera
superior hypogastric plexus
inferior hypogastric plexus
supplies vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera
pain from the pelvic viscera
hypogastric plexus, inferior
hypogastric nn. and sacral splanchnic nn. (postganglionic sympathetic axons); pelvic splanchnic nn. (preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the ventral
contributes branches to: uterine/vaginal plexus, vesical plexus, prostatic plexus
sympathetic: supplies vascular smooth muscle of vessels supplying the pelvic viscera; parasympathetic: supplies smooth muscle of the pelvic
pain from the pelvic viscera; general visceral afferent from the pelvic viscera
hypoglossal n. none
ilioinguinal n.
none
hypogastric plexus, superior
intermesenteric plexus and lumbar splanchnic nn. (postganglionic
hypogastric nn. (right and left)
vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera (sympathetic)
pain from the pelvic viscera; general visceral afferent from the pelvic medulla:
hypoglossal nucleus
no named branches; branches of the ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C1 are carried by this nerve and are not considered
intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except the palatoglossus m.)
iliohypogastric n.
lumbar plexus (ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve L1)
lateral and anterior cutaneous brs.
muscles of the lower abdominal wall
skin of the lower abdominal wall, upper hip and lumbar plexus
(ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve L1)
anterior cutaneous br. (also known as: anterior labial/scrotal n.)
muscles of the lower abdominal wall
skin of the lower abdominal wall and anterior scrotum/labium majusinferior alveolar
n.mandibular division of the trigeminal n.(V3)
n. to mylohyoid; inferior dental plexus; mental nerve
mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of the digastric m. via n. to
teeth of the mandible; skin of the chin
inferior gluteal n.
sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L5, S1-
no named branches
gluteus maximus m.
inferior hypogastric plexus
hypogastric nn. and sacral splanchnic nn. (postganglionic sympathetic axons); pelvic splanchnic nn. (preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the ventral
contributes branches to: uterine/vaginal plexus, vesical plexus, prostatic plexus
sympathetic: supplies vascular smooth muscle of vessels supplying the pelvic viscera; parasympathetic: supplies smooth muscle of the pelvic
pain from the pelvic viscera; general visceral afferent from the pelvic viscera
none
none
pudendal n. skin of the anus
inferior laryngeal n.
recurrent laryngeal br. of the vagus n. (X)
no named branches
all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid; those muscles are: thyroarytenoid, oblique and transverse arytenoid, posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid, aryepiglottic, thyroepiglottic,
mucous membrane of the larynx below the vocal fold
inferior lateral brachial cutaneous n.
radial n. via its posterior antebrachial cutaneous be.
no named branches
skin of the lateral side of the distal arm
inferior mesenteric ganglion
preganglionic sympathetic axons from the intermesenteric plexus and the 2nd lumbar splanchnic n.
contributes to the inferior mesenteric plexus; contributes to the superior hypogastric
vascular smooth muscle of brs. of the inferior mesenteric a.
pain from descending colon and sigmoid colon; pain from upper rectum
inferior mesenteric plexus
intermesenteric plexus
multiple unnamed nn. course along the branches of the inferior mesenteric a.
sympathetic: smooth muscle of the vessels supplying the descending colon, sigmoid colon and
pain from the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
inferior oblique, nerve to
inferior branch of the oculomotor n.
parasympathetic root to the ciliary ganglion
preganglionic parasympathetic supply to the ciliary ganglion for innervation of the sphincter pupillae m. and ciliary m.;
inferior rectal no named external anal
infraorbital n. none
none
intercostal n.
none
none
maxillary division of the trigeminal n.(V2)
middle alveolar n., anterior superior alveolar n.
mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus; upper premolar, canine and incisor teeth; maxillary gingiva; skin of
infratrochlear n.
nasociliary br. of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n. (V1)
no named branches
skin and conjunctiva of the medial upper and lower eyelids; skin of the ventral primary
rami of spinal nerves T1-T11
lateral & anterior cutaneous brs.
intercostal muscles; abdominal wall muscles (via T7-T11); muscles of the forearm
skin of the chest and abdomen anterolaterally; skin of the medial side of intercostobrach
ial n.also known as the lateral cutaneous br. of the ventral primary ramus
no named branches
sympathetic motor innervation to skin
skin of the medial side of the arm
intermediate supraclavicular n.
cervical plexus (C3&C4)
no named branches
skin of the root of the neck and upper chest, near the mid-intermesenteric
plexuslumbar splanchnic nn. 1 and 2
renal, testicular (or ovarian) and ureteric brs.
sympathetic: smooth muscle of vessels supplying the gut distal to the left colic flexure
pain from the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
internal carotid n.
superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
contributes to the internal carotid plexus
vascular smooth muscle of the external carotid system of vessels; sweat glands, arrector pili mm. of the skin of the face
none
median n. none
deep radial n. none
labial, anterior ilioinguinal n. none
labial, posterior none
lacrimal n.
internal carotid plexus
superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the internal carotid n.
most distribute along the brs. of the internal carotid artery, although the deep petrosal n. is an exception because it runs a short course independent of
vascular smooth muscle of the brain, orbit, forehead, upper nasal cavity; arrector pili muscles of forehead and anterior scalp; sweat glands of
interosseous, anterior
no named branches
flexor pollicis longus m., radial half of flexor digitorum profundus m., pronator interosseous,
posteriorno named branches
some authors say none, others say the deep posterior forearm no named
branchesskin of the anterior aspect of the labium majusperineal n. (a
branch of the pudendal n.)
no named branches
skin of the posterior aspect of the labium majusophthalmic
division of the trigeminal n. (V1)
no named branches
carries secretomotor axons to the lacrimal gland
skin of the lateral portion of the upper eye lid and its associated laryngeal,
inferiorrecurrent laryngeal br. of the vagus n. (X)
no named branches
all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid; those muscles are: thyroarytenoid, oblique and transverse arytenoid, posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid, aryepiglottic, thyroepiglottic,
mucous membrane of the larynx below the vocal fold
vagus n. (X)
vagus n. (X)
none
tibial n.
none
none
laryngeal, recurrent
esophageal brs., tracheal brs., cardiac brs., pharyngeal brs., inferior laryngeal n.
upper esophagus, lower pharynx, laryngeal mm. (except cricopharyngeus); smooth muscle of the trachea; secretomotor to mucosal glands in the upper esophagus, lower pharynx, larynx below
upper esophagus, lower pharynx, larynx below the vocal folds, GVA from heart
laryngeal, superior
internal br., external br.
cricothyroid m., inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.; secretomotor to mucosal glands of the larynx above the vocal
mucous membrane of the larynx above the vocal folds
lateral antebrachial cutaneous
musculocutaneous n.
anterior and posterior branches
skin of the lateral side of the forearm
lateral femoral cutaneous n.
lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L3)
anterior & posterior brs.
sympathetic motor innervation to skin
skin of the lateral thigh
lateral pectoral n.
lateral cord of the brachial plexus
no named branches
pectoralis major m.
no cutaneous branches
lateral plantar n.
superficial and deep branches
quadratus plantae m., abductor digiti minimi m., flexor digiti minimi brevis m., lateral 3 lumbrical mm., adductor
skin of the lateral side of the plantar surface of the foot; skin of the plantar surface of the lateral 1 1/2 toes (and the nail bed of
lateral supraclavicular n.
cervical plexus (C3&C4)
no named branches
skin of the root of the neck and upper shoulder
lateral sural cutaneous n.
common fibular n.
fibular communicating br.
skin of the lateral side of the leg
renal plexus
none
none
otic ganglion none
lingual n. none
long ciliary n. nasociliary none eyeball (GSA)long thoracic n.
lumbar n.
least thoracic splanchnic n.
neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord level T12
no named branches
pain from the kidney and suprarenal gland
lesser occipital n.
ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C2
no named branches
skin behind the ear
lesser palatine n.
maxillary division of the trigeminal n. (V2)
no named branches
mucous membrane of the soft palate and posterior lesser petrosal
n.tympanic nerve, from the glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
secretomotor (preganglionic parasympathetic) for the parotid glandlesser thoracic
splanchnic n.neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord levels T10-T11; the lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve appears to arise by multiple
no named branches
aorticorenal ganglion;
pain from the kidney and suprarenal gland
mandibular division of the trigeminal n. (V3)
no named branches
general sense from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and floor of the no named
brachial plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C5-C7)
no named branches
serratus anterior m.
no cutaneous branches
lower subscapular n.
posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C5, C6)
unnamed muscular brs.
subscapularis m., teres major m.
no cutaneous branches
ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L5
contributes to the formation of the lumbar and sacral plexuses
numerous: see lumbar and sacral plexuses
numerous: see lumbar and sacral plexuses
lumbar plexus ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L4
branches of the lumbar plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of
muscles of the lower abdominal wall; cremaster m., psoas major and minor mm., quadratus lumborum m., iliacus m.; muscles of the anterior and medial thigh and hip
skin of the lower abdominal wall, skin of the anterior scrotum/labium majus, skin of the anterior and medial thigh and lateral hip
lumbar splanchnic nn.
lumbar sympathetic ganglia L1-L4
no named branches
smooth muscle of vessels that supply the abdominal and pelvic viscera
pain from abdominal and pelvic viscera
lumbosacral plexus
ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-S4
branches of the lumbosacral plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of sacral plexus), brs. to the psoas major and minor mm., branches to the quadratus lumborum m., superior & inferior gluteal nn., n. to the obturator internus m., n.
muscles of the lower abdominal wall; cremaster m., psoas major and minor mm., quadratus lumborum m., iliacus m.; muscles of the anterior and medial thigh and hip, muscles of the pelvic & urogenital diaphragm, posterior hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot
skin of the lower abdominal wall, skin of the anterior scrotum/labium majus, skin of the anterior and medial thigh and lateral hip' skin of the perineum, posterior thigh, leg and foot
lumbosacral trunk
part of the ventral primary ramus of L4 united with the ventral primary
no named branches; it contributes to the formation of the sacral
muscles of the hip and posterior thigh
see sacral plexus
mandibular division of the trigeminal n.
trigeminal ganglion; motor root arises from the pons
meningeal br., medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid nn., masseteric n., anterior and posterior deep temporal nn., buccal n., auriculotempor
SVE: mylohyoid m., anterior belly of the digastric m.; tensor tympani m., tensor veli palatini m.; muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter,
GSA: skin of the lower lip and jaw extending superiorly above level of the ear; mucous membrane of the tongue and floor of the mouth; lower teeth and
none
masseteric n. masseter m. none
none
none
none
tibial n.
none
tibial n. none
mandibular, marginal
facial n. (cervicofacial division)
no named branches
orbicularis oris m., depressor anguli oris m., depressor labii inferioris m., mentalis m.mandibular
division of the trigeminal n.
no named branches
maxillary division of the trigeminal n.
trigeminal ganglion
meningeal br., posterior superior alveolar n., pharyngeal, posterior superior medial and lateral nasal brs., nasopalatine n., greater and lesser palatine nn., zygomatic
GSA: skin of the upper lip, cheek, lower eyelid; mucous membrane of the palate; teeth and gingiva of the maxillary alveolar arch; the mucous membrane lining most of
medial antebrachial cutaneous n.
medial cord of the brachial plexus
no named branches
skin of the medial side of the forearmmedial brachial
cutaneous n.medial cord of the brachial plexus
no named branches
skin of the medial side of the armmedial pectoral
n.medial cord of the brachial plexus
no named branches
pectoralis minor m., pectoralis major m.
no cutaneous branches
medial plantar n.
plantar cutaneous brs.; proper plantar digital n. (medial side of the great toe); common plantar digital nn. (1st-
abductor hallucis m., flexor hallucis brevis m., flexor digitorum brevis m., 1st lumbrical m.
skin of the medial side of the plantar surface of the foot; skin of the plantar surface of the medial 3 1/2 toes (and
medial supraclavicular n.
cervical plexus (C3&C4)
no named branches
skin of the root of the neck and upper chest, anteriorlymedial sural
cutaneous n.no named branches
skin of the posterior surface of the leg; skin of the lateral side of
median n.
mental n. none
lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus
anterior interosseous n., palmar br., recurrent (motor) br., common palmar digital nn. (for digits 1-3)
pronator teres m., flexor carpi radialis m., palmaris longus m., flexor digitorum superficialis m., flexor digitorum profundus m. (radial half), flexor pollicis longus m., pronator quadratus m., abductor
skin of the radial half of the palm and palmar side of the lateral 3 1/2 digits (and nail bed for these digits)
inferior alveolar n.
no named branches
skin of the chin the lower lip
mesenteric ganglion, inferior
preganglionic sympathetic axons from the intermesenteric plexus and the 2nd lumbar splanchnic n.
contributes to the inferior mesenteric plexus; contributes to the superior hypogastric
vascular smooth muscle of brs. of the inferior mesenteric a.
pain from descending colon and sigmoid colon; pain from upper rectum
mesenteric ganglion, superior
preganglionic sympathetic axons from the celiac plexus
contributes to the superior mesenteric and intermesenteric plexuses
vascular smooth muscle of brs. of the superior mesenteric a.
pain from the lower half of the pancreas and duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon
mesenteric plexus, inferior
intermesenteric plexus
multiple unnamed nn. course along the branches of the inferior mesenteric a.
sympathetic: smooth muscle of the vessels supplying the descending colon, sigmoid colon and
pain from the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
infraorbital n. dental plexus none
none
none
mesenteric plexus, superior
celiac plexus, superior mesenteric ganglion
multiple unnamed nn. course along the branches of the superior mesenteric a.
sympathetic: smooth muscle of vessels supplying the lower pancreas, lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon and most of the transverse colon; parasympatheti
pain & GVA of the parts of the gut named at left
middle subscapular n.
posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C7, C8)
unnamed muscular brs.
latissimus dorsi m.
no cutaneous branches
middle superior alveolar
maxillary premolar teeth and gingiva; maxillary sinusmusculocutaneo
us n.lateral cord of the brachial plexus (C5,6)
lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.
coracobrachialis m., biceps brachii m., brachialis m.
skin of the lateral side of the forearm
myenteric ganglia
preganglionic parasympathetic via anterior and posterior vagal trunks (gut proximal to the left colic flexure) and pelvic splanchnic nn.
postganglionic parasympathetic via many short fibers
smooth muscle of the gut wall
myenteric plexus
preganglionic parasympathetic via anterior and posterior vagal trunks (gut proximal to the left colic flexure) and pelvic splanchnic nn.
postganglionic parasympathetic via many short fibers
smooth muscle of the gut wall
mylohyoid, n. to none
nasociliary n. none
nasopalatine n. none
none
inferior alveolar n., a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal n.
no named branches
mylohyoid m., anterior belly of the digastric m.
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n. (V1)
communicating br. to the ciliary ganglion, long ciliary n., anterior and posterior ethmoidal nn., infratrochlear n.
eyeball, skin of the nose and medial sides of the eyelids; conjunctiva of the medial sides of the eyelids; mucous membranes of the upper nasal cavity, ethmoid
maxillary division of the trigeminal n. (V2)
no named branches
mucous membrane of the nasal septum; mucous membrane of the anterior nervus
intermediuspons & medulla: nucleus solitarius of medulla (SVA sensory root) from geniculate ganglion; superior salivatory nucleus (GVE preganglionic parasympathetic) of pons
joins with the motor root to form the facial n. (VII); its fibers are contained in the greater petrosal n. and the chorda tympani
secretomotor to the lacrimal gland and mucous glands of the lower nasal cavity; secretomotor to the mucosa of the maxillary sinus and palate (synapse occurs at the pterygopalatine ganglion); secretomotor to submandibular and sublingual glands (synapse
taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
obturator internus m., n. to
sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L5-S2 )
n. to the superior gemellus m.
obturator internus m., superior gemellus m.
obturator n.
occipital, lesser none
oculomotor n. none
none
lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4)
anterior and posterior brs.
muscles of the medial thigh: adductor longus m., adductor brevis m. and adductor magnus m.,
skin of the lower medial thigh
occipital, greater
dorsal primary ramus of spinal nerve C2 (medial br.)
no named branches
posterior neck muscles
skin of the posterior surface of the scalpventral primary
ramus of spinal nerve C2
no named branches
skin behind the ear
occipitalis tertius
dorsal primary ramus of spinal nerve C3 (medial br.)
no named branches
posterior neck muscles
skin of the posterior surface of the neckoculomotor
nuclei of the midbrain (extraocular muscles); accessory oculomotor nucleus (nucleus of Edinger-Westphal - preganglionic parasympathetic)
superior br., inferior br.
GSE: superior br.: levator palpebrae superioris m., superior rectus m.; inferior br: medial rectus m., inferior rectus m., inferior oblique m.; GVE: ciliary m. & sphincter pupillae m. (preganglionic parasympathetic axons go to the ciliary ganglion via the parasympathetic root, postganglionic
of the pterygoid canal
formed by the union of the greater petrosal n. (preganglionic parasympathetic) and the deep petrosal n.(postganglionic sympathetic)
ends in the pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic)
secretomotor (parasympathetic) to: lacrimal gland and mucous glands of nasal cavity and maxillary sinus; sympathetic innervation to vascular smooth
olfactory n. none smell (SVA)
none
optic n. none none vision (SSA)
otic ganglion none
none
palatine, lesser none
the filaments of the bipolar olfactory epithelial cells constitute the olfactory n.
second order olfactory nerve cell bodies located in the olfactory bulb
ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n.
trigeminal ganglion
meningeal br., lacrimal n., frontal n., nasociliary n.
(GSA) skin of the forehead, upper eyelid and nose; mucous membrane of the upper nasal cavity, frontal sinus, ethmoid
ganglion layer of the retina to the forebrain
preganglionic parasympathetic via the lesser petrosal, from the tympanic n. of the glossopharynge
postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute with the parotid brs. of the auriculotempor
secretomotor to the parotid gland
palatine, greater
maxillary division of the trigeminal n. (V2)
posterior inferior lateral nasal brs.
mucous membrane of the inferior part of the lateral nasal wall; mucosa of the maxillary
division of the trigeminal n. (V2)
no named branches
mucous membrane of the soft palate and posterior palmar digital,
commonmedian n.; superficial br. of the ulnar n.
proper palmar digital nn.
sympathetic motor to the skin; motor nn. to the 1st & 2nd lumbrical mm. are carried on common palmar digital brs. of
skin of the palmar surfaces of the adjacent sides of two digits
pectoral, lateral
pectoral, medial
none
none
perineal n. pudendal
. . .peroneal, deep . . .
. . .
petrosal, deep none
palmar digital, proper
common palmar digital branches of the median n.; common palmar digital branches of the superficial br. of the ulnar n.
no named branches
sympathetic motor to the skin
median: palmar skin and nail bed of digits 1-3 and the lateral side of 4th digit; ulnar: palmar and dorsal skin on medial side of the 4th digit
lateral cord of the brachial plexus
no named branches
pectoralis major m.
no cutaneous branches
medial cord of the brachial plexus
no named branches
pectoralis minor m., pectoralis major m.
no cutaneous branches
pelvic splanchnic n.
ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S2-S4 (cell bodies are located in the lateral horn gray of the
unnamed branches contribute to the pelvic plexus (inferior hypogastric) plexus
smooth muscle and glands of the gut distal to the left colic flexure; smooth muscle and glands of all
perforating cutaneous n.
sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S2-3)
no named branches
skin of the inferomedial buttock
posterior scrotal/labial n., deep (muscular) br.
muscles of the perineum: bulbospongiosus m., ischiocavernosus m., superficial and deep transverse perineus mm., sphincter urethrae m.,
skin of the posterior surface of the scrotum/labium majus
peroneal, SEE: fibular, SEE: fibular,
peroneal, superficial
SEE: fibular, superficialinternal carotid plexus
no named branches
vascular smooth muscle of the mucous membranes of the lower nasal cavity, maxillary sinus
facial (VII) none
petrosal, lesser otic ganglion none
phrenic n.
1st lumbrical m.
petrosal, greater
no named branches
secretomotor (preganglionic parasympathetic) to: lacrimal gland, mucous glands of the lower nasal cavity,
tympanic nerve, from the glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
secretomotor (preganglionic parasympathetic) for the parotid glandpharyngeal
plexusmotor contributed by the vagus n. (X); sensory contributed by the glossopharyngeal n. (IX), vasomotor
no named branches
vagus: all muscles of the pharynx except stylopharyngeus; sympathetic: smooth muscle in the pharyngeal vasculature
glossopharyngeal: mucous membrane lining the pharynx
ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C3-C5 (cervical plexus)
no named branches
skeletal muscle of the respiratory diaphragm
diaphragmatic pleura; some fibers contributed to the pericardium and to the adjacent
plantar digital, common
medial plantar n. (1st-3rd); superficial br. of the lateral plantar n. (4th)
proper plantar digital nn.
skin of the plantar surface of the toes (except the medial side of the great toe and the lateral
plantar digital, proper
common plantar digital; medial plantar n. (to the medial side of the great toe); superficial br. of the lateral plantar n. (to the lateral side
no named branches
flexor hallucis brevis m. (from the proper plantar digital n. on the medial side of the great toe)
skin of the plantar surface of the toes and dorsal surface of the distal interphalangeal segment
plantar, lateral tibial n.
plantar, medial tibial n.
plexus, brachial
plexus, cardiac
superficial and deep branches
quadratus plantae m., abductor digiti minimi m., flexor digiti minimi brevis m., lateral 3 lumbrical mm., adductor
skin of the lateral side of the plantar surface of the foot; skin of the plantar surface of the lateral 1 1/2 toes (and the nail bed of
plantar cutaneous brs.; proper plantar digital n. (medial side of the great toe); common plantar digital nn. (1st-
abductor hallucis m., flexor hallucis brevis m., flexor digitorum brevis m., 1st lumbrical m.
skin of the medial side of the plantar surface of the foot; skin of the plantar surface of the medial 3 1/2 toes (and
ventral primary rami of C5-8 and T1
dorsal scapular, long thoracic, n. to subclavius, suprascapular, lateral and medial pectoral, medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous, upper, middle and lower subscapular,
muscles of the upper limb, excluding trapezius
skin of the upper limb
cardiac brs. of the vagus n. and cervical sympathetic trunk; thoracic visceral nn.
no named branches
moderates heart muscle (parasympathetic: decreases rate and force of contraction; sympathetic: increases rate and force of contraction); vascular smooth muscle of the heart & lungs (sympathetic); smooth muscle
pain from the heart and lungs
plexus, cervical
anococcygeal n. none
ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C1-C4
brs. to: longus colli & capitis, sternocleidomastoid m., trapezius m., levator scapulae m., scalenus medius m., rectus capitis anterior and lateralis mm.; superior & inferior root of the ansa cervicalis, n. to the thyrohyoid m., n. to the geniohyoid m., lesser occipital n., great auricular n., transverse cervical n., supraclavicular
longus colli & capitis mm., rectus capitis anterior & lateralis mm., infrahyoid mm., thyrohyoid m., geniohyoid m., respiratory diaphragm
skin of the anterolateral neck; skin of the ear and skin behind the ear
plexus, coccygeal
ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S4, S5,
skin of the region overlying the coccyxplexus,
esophagealright and left vagus (X) nn.; thoracic visceral brs. of the sympathetic trunk
anterior and posterior vagal trunks
preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the vagus n. supply smooth muscle and glands of the thoracic esophagus and abdominal gut and its derivatives proximal to the left colic flexure; postganglionic sympathetic axons from the
vagus: GVA from the esophagus and abdominal gut proximal to the left colic flexure; thoracic visceral brs.carry pain from the esophagus
none
none
plexus, external carotid
superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the
distributes along the brs. of the external carotid artery
vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands of face & plexus, inferior
hypogastrichypogastric nn. and sacral splanchnic nn. (postganglionic sympathetic axons); pelvic splanchnic nn. (preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the ventral
contributes branches to: uterine/vaginal plexus, vesical plexus, prostatic plexus
sympathetic: supplies vascular smooth muscle of vessels supplying the pelvic viscera; parasympathetic: supplies smooth muscle of the pelvic
pain from the pelvic viscera; general visceral afferent from the pelvic viscera
plexus, inferior mesenteric
intermesenteric plexus
multiple unnamed nn. course along the branches of the inferior mesenteric a.
sympathetic: smooth muscle of the vessels supplying the descending colon, sigmoid colon and
pain from the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
plexus, intermesenteric
lumbar splanchnic nn. 1 and 2
renal, testicular (or ovarian) and ureteric brs.
sympathetic: smooth muscle of vessels supplying the gut distal to the left colic flexure
pain from the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
plexus, internal carotid
superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, via the internal carotid n.
most distribute along the brs. of the internal carotid artery, although the deep petrosal n. is an exception because it runs a short course independent of
vascular smooth muscle of the brain, orbit, forehead, upper nasal cavity; arrector pili muscles of forehead and anterior scalp; sweat glands of
plexus, lumbar ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L4
branches of the lumbar plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of
muscles of the lower abdominal wall; cremaster m., psoas major and minor mm., quadratus lumborum m., iliacus m.; muscles of the anterior and medial thigh and hip
skin of the lower abdominal wall, skin of the anterior scrotum/labium majus, skin of the anterior and medial thigh and lateral hip
plexus, lumbosacral
ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-S4
branches of the lumbosacral plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of sacral plexus), brs. to the psoas major and minor mm., branches to the quadratus lumborum m., superior & inferior gluteal nn., n. to the obturator internus m., n.
muscles of the lower abdominal wall; cremaster m., psoas major and minor mm., quadratus lumborum m., iliacus m.; muscles of the anterior and medial thigh and hip, muscles of the pelvic & urogenital diaphragm, posterior hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot
skin of the lower abdominal wall, skin of the anterior scrotum/labium majus, skin of the anterior and medial thigh and lateral hip' skin of the perineum, posterior thigh, leg and foot
none
none
plexus, rectal
plexus, myenteric
preganglionic parasympathetic via anterior and posterior vagal trunks (gut proximal to the left colic flexure) and pelvic splanchnic nn.
postganglionic parasympathetic via many short fibers
smooth muscle of the gut wall
plexus, pharyngeal
motor contributed by the vagus n. (X); sensory contributed by the glossopharyngeal n. (IX), vasomotor
no named branches
vagus: all muscles of the pharynx except stylopharyngeus; sympathetic: smooth muscle in the pharyngeal vasculature
glossopharyngeal: mucous membrane lining the pharynx
plexus, prostatic
inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus
is continuous with the rectal and vesical plexuses
sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the urethra, prostate gland and ejaculatory ducts; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and
pain from the pelvic viscera listed at left
plexus, pulmonary
continuous with the cardiac plexus; thoracic visceral nn.; pulmonary brs. of vagus
no named branches
parasympathetic: smooth muscle & glands of the bronchial tree; sympathetic: vascular smooth
inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus, posterior part
no named branches
sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the rectum; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of the
pain and general sensation from the rectum
plexus, renal
plexus, sacral
intermesenteric plexus, aorticorenal ganglion, least thoracic splanchnic n.
unnamed branches course along the renal vessels
sympathetic: smooth muscle of the blood vessels supplying the kidney, renal pelvis and upper ureter; parasympathetic: smooth
pain from the kidney, renal pelvis and upper ureter
lumbosacral trunk (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5), ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S1-S4
superior & inferior gluteal nn., n. to obturator internus m., n. to quadratus femoris m., sciatic n., n. to piriformis, posterior femoral cutaneous n.,
muscles of the pelvic diaphragm; muscles of the urogenital diaphragm; muscles of the posterior hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot
skin of the perineum, posterior thigh, leg and foot (excluding the medial side of the leg and foot)
plexus, superior hypogastric
intermesenteric plexus and lumbar splanchnic nn. (postganglionic
hypogastric nn. (right and left)
vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera (sympathetic)
pain from the pelvic viscera; general visceral afferent from the pelvic plexus, superior
mesentericceliac plexus, superior mesenteric ganglion
multiple unnamed nn. course along the branches of the superior mesenteric a.
sympathetic: smooth muscle of vessels supplying the lower pancreas, lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon and most of the transverse colon; parasympatheti
pain & GVA of the parts of the gut named at left
plexus, vesical
radial n. none
radial none
temporalis m.
nasociliary n. none
plexus, uterovaginal
inferior hypogastric plexus
continuous with the rectal plexus
sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the uterus, uterine tubes and vagina; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of pelvic
pain from the pelvic viscera listed at left
inferior hypogastric plexus
continuous with the prostatic plexus
sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the urinary bladder, seminal vesicle, ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of the pelvic viscera, especially the
pain and general sensation from the bladder, seminal vesicle and ductus deferens
posterior antebrachial cutaneous n.
inferior lateral brachial cutaneous n.
skin of the lateral distal arm and posterior posterior
brachial cutaneous n.
no named branches
skin of the posterior arm
posterior deep temporal n.
mandibular division of the trigeminal n.
no named branches
no cutaneous branches
posterior ethmoidal n.
no named branches
mucous membrane lining the posterior ethmoid air posterior
femoral cutaneous n.
sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S1-S3)
inferior cluneal nn.; perineal br.
sympathetic motor innervation to skin
skin of the lower buttock & posterior thigh
deep radial n. none
none
none
maxillary n. dental plexus none
splanchnic nn.
prostatic plexus
posterior interosseous n.
no named branches
some authors say none, others say the deep posterior forearm posterior labial
n.perineal n. (a branch of the pudendal n.)
no named branches
skin of the posterior aspect of the labium majusposterior
scrotal n.perineal n., from the pudendal n.
no named branches
skin of the posterior aspect of the scrotumposterior
superior alveolar n.
maxillary molar teeth and gingiva; maxillary sinuspreaortic
gangliaplexuses to abdominal and pelvic viscera
vascular smooth muscle of vessels that supply abdominopelvic
pain from abdominopelvic viscera
proper palmar digital nn.
common palmar digital branches of the median n.; common palmar digital branches of the superficial br. of the ulnar n.
no named branches
sympathetic motor to the skin
median: palmar skin and nail bed of digits 1-3 and the lateral side of 4th digit; ulnar: palmar and dorsal skin on medial side of the 4th digit
proper plantar digital nn.
common plantar digital; medial plantar n. (to the medial side of the great toe); superficial br. of the lateral plantar n. (to the lateral side
no named branches
flexor hallucis brevis m. (from the proper plantar digital n. on the medial side of the great toe)
skin of the plantar surface of the toes and dorsal surface of the distal interphalangeal segment
inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus
is continuous with the rectal and vesical plexuses
sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the urethra, prostate gland and ejaculatory ducts; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and
pain from the pelvic viscera listed at left
none
pudendal n.
none
none
pterygopalatine ganglion
preganglionic parasympathetic axons arrive via the n. of the pterygoid canal from greater petrosal n. of the facial n (VII); postganglionic sympathetic axons arrive via
postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute via the greater & lesser palatine nn., nasopalatine n., sphenopalatine n. and zygomatic n.
secretomotor to: mucous glands of the palate, nasal cavity, lacrimal gland
ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S2-S4 (sacral plexus)
inferior rectal n., perineal n., dorsal n. of the clitoris/penis
its branches supply: external anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus m., ischiocavernosus m., superficial & deep transverse perineus mm., sphincter
its branches supply: skin of the anus, posterior scrotum/labium majus, clitoris/penis
pulmonary plexus
continuous with the cardiac plexus; thoracic visceral nn.; pulmonary brs. of vagus
no named branches
parasympathetic: smooth muscle & glands of the bronchial tree; sympathetic: vascular smooth
quadratus femoris m., n. to
sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5,
n. to the inferior gemellus m.
quadratus femoris m., inferior gemellus m.
radial n.
radial, deep radial n.
radial n.
none none
posterior cord of the brachial plexus
posterior brachial cutaneous n., inferior lateral brachial cutaneous n., posterior antebrachial cutaneous n., superficial and deep brs.
muscles of the posterior arm: triceps brachii m., anconeus m.; muscles of the posterior forearm: brachioradialis, extensor carpi ulnaris m., extensor carpi radialis longus m., extensor carpi radialis brevis m., extensor digitorum m., extensor digiti minimi m., supinator m., abductor
skin of the posterior arm, forearm and hand
posterior interosseous n.
extensor carpi radialis brevis m., supinator m., extensor digitorum m., extensor digiti minimi m., abductor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis longus
no cutaneous branches
radial, superficial
dorsal digital brs.
sympathetic motor for the skin
skin of the posterolateral wrist and hand; dorsum of the lateral 3 1/2 digits (excluding the skin over the
ramus communicans, gray
cell bodies located in the sympathetic chain ganglia
carries postganglionic sympathetic axons to the spinal nerve; spinal nerve will carry those axons
none
numerous
numerous
rectal plexus
rectal, inferior pudendal n. skin of the anus
ramus communicans, white
cell bodies located in the lateral horn gray matter of spinal cord levels T1-L2;
axons contained within white rami communicantes will synapse on postganglionic cell bodies that will ultimately innervate the skin, viscera,
pain from viscera is carried back to the spinal cord through the white ramus communicans
ramus, dorsal primary
first branch off of the dorsal side of the spinal nerve
to the deep back mm.; sympathetic innervation to the skin
general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) to the skin of ramus, ventral
primaryfirst branch off of the ventral side of the spinal nerve
to skeletal mm. of the neck, trunk and extremities; sympathetic innervation to the skin
general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) to the skin of the trunk (except the back) and extremities; visceral pain via
inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus, posterior part
no named branches
sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the rectum; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of the
pain and general sensation from the rectum
no named external anal
vagus n. (X)
renal plexus
root, dorsal none none
root, ventral none none
sacral plexus
recurrent laryngeal n.
esophageal brs., tracheal brs., cardiac brs., pharyngeal brs., inferior laryngeal n.
upper esophagus, lower pharynx, laryngeal mm. (except cricopharyngeus); smooth muscle of the trachea; secretomotor to mucosal glands in the upper esophagus, lower pharynx, larynx below
upper esophagus, lower pharynx, larynx below the vocal folds, GVA from heart
intermesenteric plexus, aorticorenal ganglion, least thoracic splanchnic n.
unnamed branches course along the renal vessels
sympathetic: smooth muscle of the blood vessels supplying the kidney, renal pelvis and upper ureter; parasympathetic: smooth
pain from the kidney, renal pelvis and upper ureter
from the dorsal horn of the spinal cord to the spinal nerve
general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.)from the ventral
horn of the spinal cord to the spinal nerve
to skeletal mm.; preganglionic sympathetic (T1-L2)
lumbosacral trunk (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5), ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S1-S4
superior & inferior gluteal nn., n. to obturator internus m., n. to quadratus femoris m., sciatic n., n. to piriformis, posterior femoral cutaneous n.,
muscles of the pelvic diaphragm; muscles of the urogenital diaphragm; muscles of the posterior hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot
skin of the perineum, posterior thigh, leg and foot (excluding the medial side of the leg and foot)
saphenous n. femoral n. infrapatellar br. none
sciatic n.
scrotal, anterior none
none
none
short ciliary n. eyeball (GSA)
sacral splanchnic n.
sacral sympathetic ganglia
unnamed branches contribute to the pelvic plexus (inferior
vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera
pain from the pelvic viscera
skin of the medial side of the leg and medial side of sacral plexus
(ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5 and S1-S3)
tibial n., common fibular (peroneal) n.
semitendinosus m., semimembranosus m., biceps femoris m., ischioconylar part of the adductor magnus m.; its
its branches supply the skin of the leg and foot (excluding the medial side of leg & foot)
anterior cutaneous br. of the ilioinguinal
no named branches
skin of the anterior aspect of the scrotumscrotal,
posteriorperineal n., from the pudendal n.
no named branches
skin of the posterior aspect of the scrotumsemilunar
ganglionophthalmic (V1) , maxillary (V2) and mandibular (V3) divisions of the trigeminal n.
sensory fibers depart via the trigeminal n. (V)
skin of the face, mucous membranes of the nasal and oral cavities, mucous membrane of the anterior
ciliary ganglion: sensory root - from the nasociliary n.(a branch of V1); sympathetic root - from the internal carotid plexus; parasympathetic root - from the
multiple short ciliary nn. which leave the ciliary ganglion anteriorly
sphincter pupillae & ciliary mm. (parasympathetic), dilator pupillae (sympathetic)
spinal n.
spiral ganglion none hearing (SSA)
renal plexus
formed at the point where the dorsal and ventral rootlets meet; it ends where the dorsal and ventral primary rami diverge
dorsal primary ramus; ventral primary ramus
to skeletal mm.; some levels carry preganglionic sympathetic axons (T1-L2)
general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) from the entire surface of the neck, trunk and extremities; visceral pain (via the white ramus
fibers of the cochlear hair cells
cochlear n. portion of the vestibulocochlear n. (VIII)splanchnic,
greater thoracicneurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord levels T5-T9; the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve appears to arise by multiple
no named branches
celiac ganglion; preganglionic fibers supply the adrenal medulla which releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood
pain from the abdominal viscera
splanchnic, least thoracic
neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord level T12
no named branches
pain from the kidney and suprarenal gland
splanchnic, lesser thoracic
neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord levels T10-T11; the lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve appears to arise by multiple
no named branches
aorticorenal ganglion;
pain from the kidney and suprarenal gland
splanchnic, lumbar
lumbar sympathetic ganglia L1-L4
no named branches
smooth muscle of vessels that supply the abdominal and pelvic viscera
pain from abdominal and pelvic viscera
none
pain from lungs
subclavius m.
subcostal n.
none
none
splanchnic, pelvic
ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S2-S4 (cell bodies are located in the lateral horn gray of the
unnamed branches contribute to the pelvic plexus (inferior hypogastric) plexus
smooth muscle and glands of the gut distal to the left colic flexure; smooth muscle and glands of all
splanchnic, sacral
sacral sympathetic ganglia
unnamed branches contribute to the pelvic plexus (inferior
vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera
pain from the pelvic viscera
stellate ganglion
neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord level T1
gray rami communicans to spinal nerves C8 and T1 (postganglionic sympathetic); thoracic visceral br.
vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscle, sweat glands of the C8 & T1 cutaneous distribution on chest & upper limb (C8 and T1 dermatomes); vascular smooth
subclavius m., n. to
superior trunk of the brachial plexus
no named branches
no cutaneous branches
ventral primary ramus of T12
lateral cutaneous br., anterior
muscles of the abdominal wall
skin of the anterolateral abdominal wallsubmandibular
ganglionpreganglionic parasympathetic axons from the chorda tympani (accompanying the lingual n. from the mandibular
postganglionic parasympathetic axons distribute either directly, or with branches of the lingual n. to the submandibular and sublingual
secretomotor to the submandibular and sublingual glands and the small glands of the lingual mucosa
submucosal ganglia of the gut
preganglionic parasympathetic arrive via branches of the anterior and posterior vagal trunks (gut proximal to the left colic flexure) and pelvic
postganglionic parasympathetic via many short fibers
secretomotor to glands in the mucosa of the gut
suboccipital n.
radial n.
none
dorsal primary ramus of spinal nerve C1
no named branches
muscles of the suboccipital triangle: rectus capitis posterior major m., rectus capitis posterior minor m., obliquus capitis superior
no cutaneous branches
subscapular, lower
posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C5, C6)
unnamed muscular brs.
subscapularis m., teres major m.
no cutaneous branches
subscapular, middle
posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C7, C8)
unnamed muscular brs.
latissimus dorsi m.
no cutaneous branches
subscapular, upper
posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C5, C6)
unnamed muscular brs.
subscapularis m.
no cutaneous branches
superficial fibular n.
common fibular n.
medial dorsal cutaneous n. to the medial side of the foot; dorsal digital nn. to the lateral 3 toes
muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg (fibularis longus and brevis mm.)
distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of the leg; dorsum of the foot excluding the skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe and the distal
superficial radial n.
dorsal digital brs.
sympathetic motor for the skin
skin of the posterolateral wrist and hand; dorsum of the lateral 3 1/2 digits (excluding the skin over the
superior gluteal n.
sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5,
superior & inferior brs.
gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., tensor fasciae superior
hypogastric plexus
intermesenteric plexus and lumbar splanchnic nn. (postganglionic
hypogastric nn. (right and left)
vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera (sympathetic)
pain from the pelvic viscera; general visceral afferent from the pelvic
vagus n. (X)
axillary none
none
none
none
supraorbital n. none
superior laryngeal n.
internal br., external br.
cricothyroid m., inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.; secretomotor to mucosal glands of the larynx above the vocal
mucous membrane of the larynx above the vocal folds
superior lateral brachial cutaneous
no named branches
skin of the lateral side of the proximal superior
mesenteric ganglion
preganglionic sympathetic axons from the celiac plexus
contributes to the superior mesenteric and intermesenteric plexuses
vascular smooth muscle of brs. of the superior mesenteric a.
pain from the lower half of the pancreas and duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon
superior mesenteric plexus
celiac plexus, superior mesenteric ganglion
multiple unnamed nn. course along the branches of the superior mesenteric a.
sympathetic: smooth muscle of vessels supplying the lower pancreas, lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon and most of the transverse colon; parasympatheti
pain & GVA of the parts of the gut named at left
supraclavicular, intermediate
cervical plexus (C3&C4)
no named branches
skin of the root of the neck and upper chest, near the mid-supraclavicular,
lateralcervical plexus (C3&C4)
no named branches
skin of the root of the neck and upper shoulder
supraclavicular, medial
cervical plexus (C3&C4)
no named branches
skin of the root of the neck and upper chest, anteriorlyfrontal n, from
the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n.
medial and lateral brs.
skin of the forehead; mucous membrane of suprascapular
n.superior trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6)
no named branches
supraspinatus m., infraspinatus m.
no cutaneous branches
none
none
tibial n. none
sural n. none
supratrochlear n.
frontal n, from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n. (V1)
no named branches
skin of the medial forehead and the medial part of the upper eyelid; associated sural
cutaneous, lateral
common fibular n.
fibular communicating br.
skin of the lateral side of the legsural
cutaneous, medial
no named branches
skin of the posterior surface of the leg; skin of the lateral side of formed by the
union of the fibular communicating br. of the lateral sural cutaneous n. and the medial sural
lateral calcaneal brs., lateral dorsal cutaneous n. of the foot
skin of the posterior surface of the lower leg; skin of the lateral side of the foot
sympathetic chain ganglia
preganglionic sympathetic fibers arrive via white rami communicantes of ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-L2
postganglionic sympathetic fibers depart via gray rami communicantes to all spinal nn.; internal & external carotid nn.; cervical cardiac brs.; thoracic direct visceral brs.; greater, lesser & least thoracic
dilator pupillae, vascular smooth muscle, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands, suprarenal medulla, heart, lungs and gut
pain from viscera
sympathetic chain ganglia, cervical
preganglionic sympathetic fibers arrive via white rami communicantes of ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T1-T5
postganglionic sympathetic depart via gray rami communicans to cervical spinal nn.; internal and external carotid nn.;
dilator pupillae m.; vascular smooth muscle; arrector pili muscles and sweat glands of head and neck; heart and lungs
pain from viscera
spinal nerve T1
temporalis m.
temporalis m.
facial n. none
thoracodorsal n.
tibial n. sciatic n.
to carotid body none
to coccygeus m. none
T1 ventral primary ramus
joins the ventral primary ramus of C8 to form the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus
muscles of the forearm and hand
skin of the ventral arm and ventral forearm
temporal, anterior deep
mandibular division of the trigeminal n.
no named branches
no cutaneous branches
temporal, posterior deep
mandibular division of the trigeminal n.
no named branches
no cutaneous branches
temporofacial division of the facial n.
temporal, zygomatic and buccal brs.
muscles of facial expression of the upper part of the face; frontalis m., anterior and
posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C7, C8)
unnamed muscular brs.
latissimus dorsi m.
no cutaneous branches
medial sural cutaneous n., medial calcaneal brs., medial and lateral plantar nn.
semimembranosus m., semitendinosus m., long head of biceps femoris m., ischiocondylar portion of adductor magnus m.; mm. of the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg (gastrocnemius m., soleus m., plantaris m., tibialis posterior m.,
skin of the plantar surface of the foot and toes; skin of the dorsal surface of the distal toes (nail bed region)
glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
no named branches
sensory receptors in the carotid body and carotid sacral plexus
(brs. of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4)
no named branches
coccygeus m., levator ani m.
facial n. (VII) none
geniohyoid m. none
none
none
to subclavius m. subclavius m.
none
trigeminal n.
trochlear n. none
tympanic n.
to digastric m., posterior belly
no named branches
posterior belly of the digastric m.to geniohyoid
m.C1 fibers from the superior root of the ansa cervicalis
no named branches
to obturator internus m.
sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L5-S2 )
n. to the superior gemellus m.
obturator internus m., superior gemellus m.to quadratus
femoris m.sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5,
n. to the inferior gemellus m.
quadratus femoris m., inferior gemellus m.superior trunk
of the brachial plexus
no named branches
no cutaneous branches
transverse cervical n.
cervical plexus (C2 and C3)
no named branches
skin of the anterior surface of the neckmotor root
arises from the trigeminal motor nucleus in the pons (SVE); sensory part arises from the trigeminal ganglion (GSA) and projects into the pons to the primary sensory nucleus of V or more inferiorly to the
ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions
SVE: anterior belly of the digastric m., mylohyoid m., tensor veli palatini m., tensor tympani m.; muscles of mastication: temporalis m., masseter m., lateral pterygoid m., medial pterygoid m.
skin of the face; mucous membranes of the nasal and oral cavities; general sensation (GSA) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
trochlear nucleus of the midbrain
no named branches
superior oblique m. of the eye (GSE)
glossopharyngeal n.
tympanic plexus, which gives rise to the lesser petrosal n.
secretomotor (preganglionic parasympathetic axons which will synapse in the otic ganglion) to the
mucous membrane lining the middle ear cavity
ulnar n.
vagus n.
medial cord of the brachial plexus (C8, T1)
palmar cutaneous br., dorsal br., superficial and deep brs.
flexor carpi ulnaris m., flexor digitorum profundus m. (ulnar half), abductor digiti minimi m., flexor digiti minimi brevis m., opponens digiti minimi m., ulnar 2
skin of the medial side of the wrist and hand; skin of the medial 1 1/2 digits
upper subscapular n.
posterior cord of the brachial plexus (C5, C6)
unnamed muscular brs.
subscapularis m.
no cutaneous branches
uterovaginal plexus
inferior hypogastric plexus
continuous with the rectal plexus
sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the uterus, uterine tubes and vagina; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of pelvic
pain from the pelvic viscera listed at left
medulla: dorsal motor nucleus (GVE preganglionic parasympathetic); inferior ganglion (GVA); nucleus ambiguus (SVE); superior ganglion (GSA); inferior ganglion(SVA)
auricular br., pharyngeal br., superior laryngeal, superior and inferior cervical cardiac brs., recurrent laryngeal n., thoracic cardiac brs., brs. to the pulmonary plexus, brs. to the esophageal plexus, anterior and posterior vagal trunks
SVE: intrinsic muscles of the larynx, pharynx (except stylopharyngeus), and palate (except tensor veli palatini); GVE: smooth muscle of the respiratory tree & gut (proximal to the left colic flexure), heart; secretomotor: mucous glands of the larynx, respiratory
GSA: skin of the external auditory meatus; GVA: viscera of head, neck, thorax & abdomen proximal to the left colic flexure; SVA: taste from the epiglottis
numerous
ventral root none none
vesical plexus
vestibular n. none
none
ventral primary ramus
first branch off of the ventral side of the spinal nerve
to skeletal mm. of the neck, trunk and extremities; sympathetic innervation to the skin
general sense (touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, etc.) to the skin of the trunk (except the back) and extremities; visceral pain via
from the ventral horn of the spinal cord to the spinal nerve
to skeletal mm.; preganglionic sympathetic (T1-L2)
inferior hypogastric plexus
continuous with the prostatic plexus
sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the urinary bladder, seminal vesicle, ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of the pelvic viscera, especially the
pain and general sensation from the bladder, seminal vesicle and ductus deferens
pons and medulla
no named branches
balance/proprioception (SSA)vestibulocochle
ar n.pons & medulla: vestibular nuclei from the vestibular ganglion of the semicircular ducts; cochlear nuclei in the
divides within the temporal bone into vestibular and cochlear parts
vestibular: balance/proprioception (SSA); cochlear: hearing (SSA)
none
zygomatic n.
none
white ramus communicans
cell bodies located in the lateral horn gray matter of spinal cord levels T1-L2;
axons contained within white rami communicantes will synapse on postganglionic cell bodies that will ultimately innervate the skin, viscera,
pain from viscera is carried back to the spinal cord through the white ramus communicans
maxillary division of the trigeminal n. (V2)
zygomaticofacial & zygomaticotemporal
carries secretomotor fibers
skin of the face lateral and superior to the orbitzygomaticofacia
l n.zygomatic from the maxillary division of the trigeminal n.
no named branches
skin of face lateral to the orbit
zygomaticotemporal n.
zygomatic from the maxillary division of the trigeminal n.
communicating br.
carries secretomotor fibers
skin of face superolateral to the orbit
Nerves of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes
anococcygeal n. pierces the sacrotuberous ligament
also known as: CN VI, 6th cranial nerve; passes through the superior orbital fissure (Latin, abducens = to draw away)also known as: CN XI, 11th cranial nerve; spinal root enters cranial cavity by passing through the foramen magnum; exits skull by passing through the jugular foramen; accessory n. is motor only; the subtrapezial plexus of nerves receives proprioceptive fibers: for the sternocleidomastoid m. from the ventral primary rami of spinal nn. C2 and C3 - for trapezius via ventral anterior superior alveolar n. is enclosed in bone its entire length
inferior alveolar n. passes through the mandibular canal; the mental n. is its terminal branch which emerges through the mental foramen
middle superior alveolar n. is enclosed in bone its entire length
posterior superior alveolar n. enters bone by passing through the small foramina on the posterior surface of the maxilla
superior and inferior roots of the ansa cervicalis are also known as the anterior and posterior roots (Latin, ansa = handle or loop)
lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. emerges from the lateral intermuscular interval between biceps and brachialis; it is the continuation of the musculocutaneous n.medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve travels with the basilic vein for part of its courseposterior antebrachial cutaneous n. passes posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
a branch of the motor root of CN V; temporalis m. developed from the mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal arch
axillary n. is endangered by surgical neck fractures
anterior ethmoidal n. passes from the orbit into the anterior ethmoidal foramen, passes through the cribriform plate, passes anteriorly on cribriform plate, then exits the cranial cavity through the ethmoid fissure into the nasal cavity (Greek, ethmoidal = sieve-like)
cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skincourses along the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
communicates with the genital br. of the genitofemoral n. (Latin, labial = lips)
anterior scrotal n. is the continuation of the ilioinguinal n. at the superficial inguinal ring; it communicates with the genital br. of the genitofemoral n.anterior superior alveolar n. is enclosed in bone its entire length
a sympathetic ganglion; located above or near the origin of the renal a. from the abdominal aorta
two roots of the auriculotemporal n. encircle the middle meningeal a.
emerges at the lateral intermuscular septum just below the deltoid m.
communicates with the intercostobrachial n.
emerges medial to the long head of the triceps brachii muscleaxons from spinal cord levels C5-T1 are mixed (braided) in the brachial plexus and repackaged into terminal branches so that each branch contains axons from several spinal cord segmental levels (Latin, plexus = a braid)
not a motor nerve; easily confused with the buccal branch of the facial n.
not a sensory nerve; easily confused with the buccal branch of the trigeminal n.
C1 contributes to the cervical plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)
C2 contributes to the cervical plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)
C3 contributes to the cervical plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)
C4 contributes to the cervical plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)
joins the ventral primary ramus of C6 to form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)
joins the ventral primary ramus of C5 to form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)
continues as the middle trunk of the brachial plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)joins the ventral primary ramus of T1 to form the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus (Latin, ramus = a branch)cardiac plexus is continuous with the coronary and pulmonary plexuses; thoracic visceral nn. carry pain from the heart to the upper thoracic spinal cord segments resulting in pain referred to the left upper limb in the T1 and T2 dermatomes (Latin, plexus = a braid)
cervical sympathetic trunk usually gives 3 cervical cardiac brs. l (superior, middle and inferior) to the cardiac plexus
vagus n. has 2 cervical cardiac brs. (superior and inferior) and 1 or more thoracic cardiac brs.
chemoreception (blood pH) in carotid body; blood pressure receptors in carotid sinus; both located near the bifurcation of the common carotid a.; vagus n. (X) may share a role in this innervationpostganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers use arteries as roadways to enter the head and neck (Latin, plexus = a braid)
postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers use arteries as roadways to enter the head and neck (Latin, plexus = a braid)
there may be two or more external carotid nn. that join the external carotid plexus from the superior cervical ganglion
internal carotid n. appears to be the upward continuation of the sypathetic trunk
a sympathetic ganglion; usually 2 celiac ganglia are located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the celiac trunk; brs. of the vagal trunks pass through the celiac ganglion without synapsing
close association of the supraclavicular nn. to the phrenic n. results in pain from the respiratory diaphragm referred to the shoulder (Latin, plexus = a braid)
cervicofacial division usually forms a loop by communication with the temporofacial division of the facial n.
these nerves bypass the ciliary ganglion
(Latin, clunis = buttock)
(Latin, clunis = buttock)
(Latin, clunis = buttock)
chorda tympani joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa and continues with it to the tongue (Latin, chorda = cord + tympanum = a kettle drum)
a parasympathetic ganglion; ciliary ganglion is located on the lateral side of the optic n. near the apex of the orbit; sensory and sympathetic axons pass through the ciliary ganglion without synapse - the sensory root is carried via the nasociliary n.and the sympathetic root arrives in the orbit via the internal carotid a.
short ciliary nn. are mixed nerves which contain sensory and 2 types of autonomic nerve fibers; postganglionic parasympathetic neurons whose axons are located in these nerves have their cell bodies located in the ciliary ganglion
only part of the S4 ventral primary ramus is contributed to the coccygeal plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)nerve to coccygeus enters the muscle on its pelvic surface
exits the posterior cranial fossa by passing into the
sympathetic ganglia; also known as: preaortic ganglia which include: celiac, aorticorenal, superior & inferior mesenteric; brs. of the vagal trunks pass through but do not synapse in collateral ganglia
"peroneal" is old terminology which has been replaced by "fibular"
the proper branches of these nerves also supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)
the dorsal surfaces of the distal tips of the toes (nail bed regions) are supplied by the proper plantar digital brs. of these nn.
details about each cranial nerve may be found elsewhere in this chart
anterior compartment syndrome - trauma to the anterior side of the leg can result in pressure buildup in the anterior compartment (from swelling or bleeding) that can damage the deep fibular n., resulting in "foot drop"
deep petrosal n. joins the greater petrosal n. to form the n. of the pterygoid canal; the deep petrosal n. contains postganglionic sympathetic axons (synapse occurred in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion)
deep radial n. passes through the supinator m.; some authors believe that the posterior interosseous n. and the deep radial n. are synonymous, others say that when the deep radial n. emerges from the supinator in the posterior forearm it becomes the posterior interosseous n., and others say that the deep radial n. does not become the posterior interosseous n. until after its last muscular br. has been given off
the nail bed is supplied by palmar digital nn.
the nail bed is supplied by palmar digital nn.
the anterior belly of the digastric m. is formed by mesenchyme from the 1st pharyngeal arch and is supplied by the n. to the mylohyoid m. (V3)the proper branches of these nerves also supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)
the dorsal surfaces of the distal tips of the toes (nail bed regions) are supplied by the proper plantar digital brs. of these nn.
proper palmar digital nn. supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)
the nail bed is supplied by the proper plantar digital nn.
dorsal branch of the ulnar n. emerges at the level of the ulnar styloid process (Latin, ulna = elbow)
the terminal branch of the pudendal n.
the terminal branch of the pudendal n.
a mixed nerve containing both motor and sensory fibers (Latin, ramus = a branch)
dorsal root is entirely sensory in function; it is located dorsal to the denticulate ligament
a sensory ganglion; located in the intervertebral foramen of the vertebral column on the dorsal root - one per spinal nerve; location of the cell bodies of somatic afferent (sensory) neuronsdorsal scapular n. passes through the scalenus medius m.
during development of the gut, the stomach and esophagus rotate 90° to the right with the result that the left and right vagus nerves mix in the esophageal plexus and emerge as anterior and posterior vagal trunks (Latin, plexus = a braid)
anterior ethmoidal n. passes from the orbit into the anterior ethmoidal foramen, passes through the cribriform plate, passes anteriorly on cribriform plate, then exits the cranial cavity through the ethmoid fissure into the nasal cavity (Greek, ethomodial = sieve-like)
posterior ethmoidal n. exits the orbit by passing through the posterior ethmoid foramen (Greek, ethomodial = sieve-like)
there may be two or more external carotid nn. that join the external carotid plexus from the superior cervical ganglion
postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers use arteries as roadways to enter the head and neck (Latin, plexus = a braid)
also known as: CN VII, 7th cranial nerve; exits the posterior cranial fossa by passing into the internal acoustic meatus, goes through the facial canal; motor to muscles of facial expression exits the skull at the stylomastoid foramen
cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skin
passes under inguinal ligament lateral to femoral a.
cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skin
cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skin
"peroneal" is old terminology which has been replaced by "fibular"
anterior compartment syndrome - trauma to the anterior side of the leg can result in pressure buildup in the anterior compartment (from swelling or bleeding) that can damage the deep fibular n., resulting in "foot drop"
the most superior linear structure within the orbit
nail beds are supplied by nerves from the plantar surface of the foot
sympathetic ganglia; also known as: preaortic ganglia which include: celiac, aorticorenal, superior & inferior mesenteric; brs. of the vagal trunks pass through but do not synapse in collateral ganglia
minute ganglia located within the myenteric plexus; parasympathetic terminal ganglia
also known as: collateral ganglia which include the celiac ganglion, aorticorenal ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and inferior mesenteric ganglion; preganglionic parasympathetic axons of vagal trunk origin pass through the preaortic ganglia but do not terminal parasympathetic ganglia; parasympathetic terminal ganglia; also known as: Meissner's plexus
located lateral to the vertebral bodies in the neck, thorax & abdominopelvic cavity; the ganglia plus their interconnecting fibers are also known as the sympathetic trunk; preganglionic cell bodies are located in the intermediolateral gray matter of spinal cord levels T1-L2
a sympathetic ganglion; usually 2 celiac ganglia are located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the celiac trunk; brs. of the vagal trunks pass through the celiac ganglion without synapsing (Greek, celiac = belly)
a parasympathetic ganglion; ciliary ganglion is located on the lateral side of the optic n. near the apex of the orbit; sensory and sympathetic axons pass through the ciliary ganglion without synapse - the sensory root is carried via the nasociliary n.and the sympathetic root arrives in the orbit via the internal carotid a.a sensory ganglion; located in the intervertebral foramen of the vertebral column on the dorsal root - one per spinal nerve; location of the cell bodies of somatic afferent (sensory) neuronsa sensory ganglion equivalent in histological structure and function to a dorsal root ganglion; some taste from the palate travels through the greater petrosal n. to the geniculate ganglion; located in the facial canal within the petrous portion of the temporal bonea sympathetic ganglion; located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the inferior mesenteric a.; may be a series of small, indistinguishable ganglia rather than a single large one
a parasympathetic ganglion; the otic ganglion hangs off of the mandibular division of the trigeminal n. (V3) inferomedial to the foramen ovale
a sensory ganglion of the cochlear part of CN VIII
a parasympathetic ganglion; the pterygopalatine ganglion hangs off of the maxillary division of the trigeminal n. (V2) within the pterygopalatine fossa; preganglionic axons of the greater petrosal n. synapse here; postganglionic sympathetic axons of the deep petrosal n. pass through the otic ganglion without synapsing (they synapse in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion)
a sensory ganglion equivalent in histological structure and function to a dorsal root ganglion; also known as. trigeminal or Gasserian ganglion
a sympathetic ganglion; stellate ganglion is formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion and the T1 ganglion of the sympathetic trunk
a parasympathetic ganglion; submandibular ganglion is suspended from the lingual n. near the deep part of the submandibular gland
a sympathetic ganglion; located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the superior mesenteric a.
a sensory ganglion equivalent in histological structure and function to a dorsal root ganglion; some taste from the palate travels through the greater petrosal n. to the geniculate ganglion; located in the facial canal within the petrous portion of the temporal bone (Latin, nerve to the geniohyoid m. travels with the hypoglossal nerve for a short distance in the superior neck
genitofemoral n. lies on the anterior surface of the psoas major in the abdomen; the genital br. passes through the deep inguinal ring and inguinal canal; brushing the thigh elicits an elevation of the testis via the cremasteric reflexalso known as: CN IX, 9th cranial nerve; the glossopharyngeal n. exits the posterior cranial fossa by passing through the jugular foramen;it may penetrate the stylopharyngeus m.
inferior gluteal n. passes through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis m.
superior gluteal n. passes through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis m.
gray rami communicantes connect the sympathetic chain to spinal nerves at all vertebral levels (Latin, ramus = a branch)
the great auricular n. crosses the superficial surface of the sternocleidomastoid m.
muscles innervated by this nerve develop from epimeres in the embryo
greater palatine n. passes through the greater palatine canal and foramen
greater petrosal n. joins the deep petrosal n. to form the n. of the pterygoid canal; the greater petrosal n. contains: preganglionic parasympathetic axons bound for the pterygopalatine ganglion where they will synapse; it passes through the hiatus of canal of greater petrosal n. in the petrous part of the temporal bone
greater thoracic splanchnic n. passes through the crus of the respiratory diaphragm; postganglionic processes from the celiac ganglion spread down the aorta and distribute with its branches; they innervate the vascular smooth of these vessels and vascular smooth muscle of the organs supplied
paired; hypogastric n. lies inferior to the common iliac vessels; it contains postganglionic sympathetic axons
inferior hypogastric plexus lies between the pelvic viscera and the pelvic wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)
superior hypogastric plexus is the continuation of the intermesenteric plexus; it crosses the pelvic brim (Latin, plexus = a braid)
also known as: CN XII, 12th cranial nerve; the hypoglossal n. exits the posterior cranial fossa by passing through the hypoglossal canal; the superior root of the ansa cervicalis travels with the hypoglossal n. for a short distance
iliohypogastric n. receives a contribution from T12 in approximately 50% of cases
ilioinguinal n. courses through the inguinal canal and superficial inguinal ring
inferior alveolar n. passes through the mandibular canal; the mental n. is its terminal branch which emerges through the mental foramen
inferior gluteal n. passes through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis m.
inferior hypogastric plexus lies between the pelvic viscera and the pelvic wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)
inferior laryngeal n. is the continuation of the recurrent laryngeal n., the name change occurs at the cricothyroid articulation
emerges at the lateral intermuscular septum just below the deltoid m.
a sympathetic ganglion; located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the inferior mesenteric a.; may be a series of small, indistinguishable ganglia rather than a single large one
inferior mesenteric plexus contains no vagal parasympathetic fibers; pelvic splanchnic n. axons join the most distal nn. of the plexus near gut wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)
parasympathetic root carries GVE (preganglionic parasympathetic axons) to the ciliary ganglion - short ciliary nn. carry the postganglionic parasympathetic axons from the ciliary ganglion to the eyeball
inferior rectal nerve is one of the first branches of the
infraorbital n.passes through the infraorbital groove, canal and foramen
infratrochlear n. passes inferior to the trochlea of the superior oblique m. (Latin, trochlea = a pulley)
intercostal n.travels below the posterior intercostal a. in the costal groove
intercostobrachial n. communicates with the medial brachial cutaneous nerve
pain from respiratory diaphragm is referred to the shoulder
intermesenteric plexus is continuous with the superior mesenteric plexus; it continues inferiorly as the inferior mesenteric plexus and superior hypogastric plexus; intermesenteric plexus does not carry vagal parasympathetic fibers; located anterior to the abdominal aorta between the superior and inferior internal carotid n. appears to be the upward continuation of the sypathetic trunk
postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers use arteries as roadways to enter the head and neck (Latin, plexus = a braid)
courses along the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
there is variability in the definition of this nerve; for some, deep radial and posterior interosseous are synonymous; others define this nerve as the articular br. to the wrist from the deep radial (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)communicates with the genital br. of the genitofemoral n.
communicates with the perineal br. of the posterior femoral cutaneous n.
lacrimal n. carries the postganglionic parasympathetic axons from the zygomaticotemporal br. of the maxillary n. that originate in the pterygopalatine ganglion (Latin, lacrima = a tear)
inferior laryngeal n. is the continuation of the recurrent laryngeal n., the name change occurs at the cricothyroid articulation
right recurrent laryngeal n. loops posteriorly around the right subclavian a.; left recurrent laryngeal n. loops posteriorly around the aortic arch and ligamentum arteriosum; the inferior laryngeal br. supplies all intrinsic muscles of the larynx EXCEPT the cricothyroid m.
external br. supplies the cricothyroid m.; all other intrinsic muscles of the larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal n.
lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. emerges from the lateral intermuscular interval between biceps and brachialis; it is the continuation of the musculocutaneous n.cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skin
lateral pectoral n. communicates with the medial pectoral n. anterior to the axillary a.; it pierces the clavipectoral fascialateral plantar n. accompanies the lateral plantar a. though the sole of the foot
pain from respiratory diaphragm is referred to the shoulder
contains postganglionic sympathetic axons for supply of sweat glands, arrector pili mm. and blood vessels
lesser occipital n. arises from the cervical plexus
these nerves bypass the ciliary ganglion
least thoracic splanchnic n.pass through the crus of the diaphragm; it synapses in minute ganglia located in the renal plexus
lesser palatine n. passes through the greater palatine canal and lesser palatine foramen
lesser petrosal n. synapses in the otic ganglion and postganglionic axons distribute to the parotid gland by joining the auriculotemporal n.
lesser thoracic splanchnic n. passes through the crus of the respiratory diaphragm; postganglionic processes from the ganglion supply vascular smooth muscle of branches of the renal a. and suprarenal aa.; kidney and suprarenal gland
lingual n. is joined by the chorda tympani (taste and preganglionic parasympathetic) from the facial n. in the infratemporal fossa; the submandibular ganglion hangs from the lingual nerve in the paralingual space
located on the superficial surface of the serratus anterior m.; lesion of this nerve causes scapular winging, hence the saying "C5, 6, & 7 keep the wings from heaven"subscapularis and teres major are antagonists (medial rotation vs. lateral rotation of the humerus)
lumbar nn. enter into the formation of the lumbar and sacral plexuses and do not give branches directly to muscles or skin
lumbar plexus is noted for its variable branching pattern of nerves that supply the abdominal wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)
sympathetic nerves; there are four of these on each side; lumbar splanchnic nn. contribute to preaortic abdominal plexuses (celiac, superior mesenteric, intermesenteric, superior hypogastric)
also known as: lumbar & sacral plexuses (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)
the lumbosacral trunk is not considered to be part of the lumbar plexus
also known as: V3; passes through the foramen ovale to exit the middle cranial fossa; the otic ganglion is associated with the medial side of V3 below the foramen ovale; the auriculotemporal n. carries postganglionic parasympathetic axons to the parotid gland; the submandibular ganglion is associated withe the lingual n. near the submandibular gland; postganglionic parasympathetics from the submandibular ganglion supply the submandibular gland and the sublingual gland
communicates with the intercostobrachial n.
branches of the facial nerve innervate muscles derived from the mesenchyme of the second pharygeal arch
masseteric n. passes over the mandibular notch to reach the deep surface of the masseter m.also known as: V2; maxillary division of the trigeminal n. passes through the foramen rotundum to enter the pterygopalatine fossa; the pterygopalatine ganglion is associated with it in the pterygopalatine fossa; postganglionic parasympathetic fibers distribute with branches of the maxillary division to mucous glands of the nasal cavity and palate; the zygomatic n. & its brs. carry postganglionic parasympathetic axons to the orbit to reach the lacrimal n. and lacrimal gland
medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve travels with the basilic vein for part of its course
medial pectoral n. communicates with the lateral pectoral n. anterior to the axillary a.; it pierces the pectoralis minor m.medial plantar n. accompanies the medial plantar a. though the sole of the foot
pain from respiratory diaphragm is referred to the shoulder
unites with fibular communicating br. to form the sural n.
mental n. passes through the mental foramen
the median n. is motor to the flexor muscles of the forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus),the muscles of the thenar compartment and the lateral 2 lumbricals
a sympathetic ganglion; located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the inferior mesenteric a.; may be a series of small, indistinguishable ganglia rather than a single large one
a sympathetic ganglion; located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the superior mesenteric a.
inferior mesenteric plexus contains no vagal parasympathetic fibers; pelvic splanchnic n. axons join the most distal nn. of the plexus near gut wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)
also called the thoracodorsal n.
superior mesenteric plexus contains a mixture of vagal (preganglionic parasympathetic) axons and postganglionic sympathetic axons (Latin, plexus = a braid)
middle superior alveolar n. is enclosed in bone its entire length
musculocutaneous n. passes through the coracobrachialis m.
minute ganglia located within the myenteric plexus; parasympathetic terminal ganglia
parasympathetic terminal ganglia are located here; also known as: Auerbach's plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)
n. to mylohyoid arises near the lingula of the mandible; course within the mylohyoid groove of the mandible
the distribution of this nerve is indicated by its name - nasociliary
nasopalatine n. innervates the mucosa overlying the primary palate (development); it passes through two openings in bone: sphenopalatine foramen and incisive canal
nervus intermedius occupies an intermediate position between the motor root of VII and cranial n. VIII when they enter the internal acoustic meatus
nerve to obturator internus m. crosses the ischial spine and enters the ischioanal fossa by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen
obturator n. passes through the obturator canal
lesser occipital n. arises from the cervical plexus
muscles innervated by this nerve develop from epimeres in the embryo
muscles innervated by this nerve develop from epimeres in the embryo
also known as: CN III; oculomotor n. passes through the superior orbital fissure to exit the middle cranial fossa
contains: preganglionic axons of the greater petrosal n. bound for pterygopalatine ganglion where they will synapse; postganglionic sympathetic axons of the deep petrosal n. which will pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion without synapsing
also known as: CN I, 1st cranial n.; multiple olfactory filaments pass through the cribriform plate to exit the anterior cranial fossa and synapse in the olfactory bulb; the olfactory tract carries the signal from the bulb to olfactory cortex of the forebrain
also known as: V1; the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n. passes through the superior orbital fissure to exit the middle cranial fossa; the lacrimal n. receives postganglionic parasympathetic axons to the lacrimal gland from the zygomaticotemporal br. of the zygomatic n.
also known as: CN II, 2nd cranial nerve; the course of the optic nerve is: through the optic canal to the optic chiasma, then the optic tract to the lateral geniculate body and optic radiationa parasympathetic ganglion; the otic ganglion hangs off of the mandibular division of the trigeminal n. (V3) inferomedial to the foramen ovale
greater palatine n. passes through the greater palatine canal and foramen
lesser palatine n. passes through the greater palatine canal and lesser palatine foramen
the proper branches of these nerves also supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)
proper palmar digital nn. supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)
lateral pectoral n. communicates with the medial pectoral n. anterior to the axillary a.; it pierces the clavipectoral fasciamedial pectoral n. communicates with the lateral pectoral n. anterior to the axillary a.; it pierces the pectoralis minor m.parasympathetic nerves; these contain preganglionic parasympathetic axons
perforating cutaneous n. pierces the sacrotuberous ligament
perineal n.branches from the pudendal n. at the posterior margin of the urogenital diaphragm
"peroneal" is old terminology which has been replaced "peroneal" is old terminology which has been replaced "peroneal" is old terminology which has been replaced by fibulardeep petrosal n. joins the greater petrosal n. to form the n. of the pterygoid canal; the deep petrosal n. contains postganglionic sympathetic axons (synapse occurred in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion)
greater petrosal n. joins the deep petrosal n. to form the n. of the pterygoid canal; the greater petrosal n. contains: preganglionic parasympathetic axons bound for the pterygopalatine ganglion where they will synapse; it passes through the hiatus of canal of greater petrosal n. in the petrous part of the temporal bone
lesser petrosal n. synapses in the otic ganglion and postganglionic axons distribute to the parotid gland by joining the auriculotemporal n.
the muscles of the pharyngeal wall are skeletal m. derived from the mesenchyme of the 4th pharyngeal arch (Latin, plexus = a braid)
phrenic n. crosses the anterior surface of the anterior scalene m. (Greek, phrenic = diaphragm)
the dorsal surfaces of the distal tips of the toes (nail bed regions) are supplied by the proper plantar digital brs. of these nn.
the nail bed is supplied by the proper plantar digital nn.
lateral plantar n. accompanies the lateral plantar a. though the sole of the foot
medial plantar n. accompanies the medial plantar a. though the sole of the foot
axons from spinal cord levels C5-T1 are mixed (braided) in the brachial plexus and repackaged into terminal branches so that each branch contains axons from several spinal cord segmental levels (Latin, plexus = a braid)
cardiac plexus is continuous with the coronary and pulmonary plexuses; thoracic visceral nn. carry pain from the heart to the upper thoracic spinal cord segments resulting in pain referred to the left upper limb in the T1 and T2 dermatomes (Latin, plexus = a braid)
close association of the supraclavicular nn. to the phrenic n. results in pain from the respiratory diaphragm referred to the shoulder (Latin, plexus = a braid)
only part of the S4 ventral primary ramus is contributed to the coccygeal plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)during development of the gut, the stomach and esophagus rotate 90° to the right with the result that the left and right vagus nerves mix in the esophageal plexus and emerge as anterior and posterior vagal trunks (Latin, plexus = a braid)
postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers use arteries as roadways to enter the head and neck (Latin, plexus = a braid)
inferior hypogastric plexus lies between the pelvic viscera and the pelvic wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)
inferior mesenteric plexus contains no vagal parasympathetic fibers; pelvic splanchnic n. axons join the most distal nn. of the plexus near gut wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)
intermesenteric plexus is continuous with the superior mesenteric plexus; it continues inferiorly as the inferior mesenteric plexus and superior hypogastric plexus; intermesenteric plexus does not carry vagal parasympathetic fibers; located anterior to the abdominal aorta between the superior and inferior postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers use arteries as roadways to enter the head and neck (Latin, plexus = a braid)
lumbar plexus is noted for its variable branching pattern of nerves that supply the abdominal wall (Latin, plexus = a braid)
also known as: lumbar & sacral plexuses (Latin, plexus = a braid)
parasympathetic terminal ganglia are located here; also known as: Auerbach's plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)
the muscles of the pharyngeal wall are skeletal m. derived from the mesenchyme of the 4th pharyngeal arch (Latin, plexus = a braid)
the autonomic nerve plexuses of the pelvis (prostatic, rectal and vesical in the male; rectal and uterovaginal in the female) are in communication with each other (Latin, plexus = a braid)
pulmonary plexus is located along the pulmonary vessels and primary bronchi in the root of the lung (Latin, plexus = a braid)
rectal plexus is continuous with the vesical plexus in the male, uterovaginal plexus in the female (Latin, plexus = a braid)
renal plexus contains postganglionic sympathetic axons and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (parasympathetic axons are of vagal origin) (Latin, plexus = a braid)
the sacral plexus is often grouped with the lumbar plexus as the "lumbosacral plexus" (Latin, plexus = a braid)
superior hypogastric plexus is the continuation of the intermesenteric plexus; it crosses the pelvic brim (Latin, plexus = a braid)
superior mesenteric plexus contains a mixture of vagal (preganglionic parasympathetic) axons and postganglionic sympathetic axons (Latin, plexus = a braid)
the uterovaginal plexus is a subsidiary plexus of the inferior hypogastric plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)
vesical plexus is continuous with the other autonomic nerve plexuses in the pelvis and cannot be distinguished from them (Latin, plexus = a braid)
posterior antebrachial cutaneous n. passes posterior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
emerges medial to the long head of the triceps brachii musclea branch of the motor root of CN V; temporalis m. developed from the mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal archposterior ethmoidal n. exits the orbit by passing through the posterior ethmoid foramen (Latin, ethmoidal = sieve -like)
cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skin
there is variability in the definition of this nerve; for some, deep radial and posterior interosseous are synonymous; others define this nerve as the articular br. to the wrist from the deep radial (Latin, inter = between + os = bone)communicates with the perineal br. of the posterior femoral cutaneous n. (Latin, labial = lips)
posterior scrotal n. communicates with the perineal br. of the posterior femoral cutaneous n.posterior superior alveolar n. enters bone by passing through the small foramina on the posterior surface of the maxilla
also known as: collateral ganglia which include the celiac ganglion, aorticorenal ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion and inferior mesenteric ganglion; preganglionic parasympathetic axons of vagal trunk origin pass through the preaortic ganglia but do not proper palmar digital nn. supply the dorsum of the tip of the digit (nail bed)
the nail bed is supplied by the proper plantar digital nn.
the autonomic nerve plexuses of the pelvis (prostatic, rectal and vesical in the male; rectal and uterovaginal in the female) are in communication with each other (Latin, plexus = a braid)
a parasympathetic ganglion; the pterygopalatine ganglion hangs off of the maxillary division of the trigeminal n. (V2) within the pterygopalatine fossa; preganglionic axons of the greater petrosal n. synapse here; postganglionic sympathetic axons of the deep petrosal n. pass through the otic ganglion without synapsing (they synapse in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion)
pudendal n. passes through the pudendal canal formed by fascia on the medial surface of the obturator internus m.
pulmonary plexus is located along the pulmonary vessels and primary bronchi in the root of the lung (Latin, plexus = a braid)
nerve to the quadratus femoris m. passes anterior to the obturator internus tendon
all of the muscles on the posterior side of the arm and forearm are innervated by the radial n.
deep radial n. passes through the supinator m.; some authors believe that the posterior interosseous n. and the deep radial n. are synonymous, others say that when the deep radial n. emerges from the supinator in the posterior forearm it becomes the posterior interosseous n., and others say that the deep radial n. does not become the posterior interosseous n. until after its last muscular br. has been given off
superficial radial n. is located deep to the brachioradialis muscle
gray rami communicantes connect the sympathetic chain to spinal nerves at all vertebral levels (Latin, ramus = a branch)
white rami communicantes connect the sympathetic chain to spinal nerves at vertebral levels T1-L2; carries preganglionic sympathetic axons (Latin, ramus = a branch)
a mixed nerve containing both motor and sensory fibers (Latin, ramus = a branch)
a mixed nerve containing both motor and sensory fibers (Latin, ramus = a branch)
rectal plexus is continuous with the vesical plexus in the male, uterovaginal plexus in the female (Latin, plexus = a braid)
inferior rectal nerve is one of the first branches of the
right recurrent laryngeal n. loops posteriorly around the right subclavian a.; left recurrent laryngeal n. loops posteriorly around the aortic arch and ligamentum arteriosum; the inferior laryngeal br. supplies all intrinsic muscles of the larynx EXCEPT the cricothyroid m.
renal plexus contains postganglionic sympathetic axons and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (parasympathetic axons are of vagal origin) (Latin, plexus = a braid)
dorsal root is entirely sensory in function; it is located dorsal to the denticulate ligament
entirely motor in function; located ventral to the denticulate ligament; at all spinal core levels it contains GSE for skeletal mm.; at levels T1-L2 it contains GVE (preganglionic sympathetic) for blood vessels, sweat glands, thoracic viscera, abdominal the sacral plexus is often grouped with the lumbar plexus as the "lumbosacral plexus" (Latin, plexus = a braid)
sacral splanchnic nn. contain both preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers with postganglionic fibers predominating in number
saphenous n. travels with the great saphenous v.; it does not pass through the adductor hiatus at the knee; it passes anterior to the medial malleolus at the ankle (Latin, saphenous = clearly visible)sciatic n. is composed of tibial and common fibular divisions; branches to muscles come from one of the two divisions, so that the sciatic n. is considered to have no direct muscular brs., only 2 terminal brs.
anterior scrotal n. is the continuation of the ilioinguinal n. at the superficial inguinal ring; it communicates with the genital br. of the genitofemoral n.posterior scrotal n. communicates with the perineal br. of the posterior femoral cutaneous n.a sensory ganglion equivalent in histological structure and function to a dorsal root ganglion; also known as. trigeminal or Gasserian ganglion
short ciliary nn. are mixed nerves which contain sensory and 2 types of autonomic nerve fibers; postganglionic parasympathetic neurons whose axons are located in these nerves have their cell bodies located in the ciliary ganglion
a sensory ganglion of the cochlear part of CN VIII
located at the intervertebral foramen; there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves - 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
greater thoracic splanchnic n. passes through the crus of the respiratory diaphragm; postganglionic processes from the celiac ganglion spread down the aorta and distribute with its branches; they innervate the vascular smooth of these vessels and vascular smooth muscle of the organs supplied
least thoracic splanchnic n.pass through the crus of the diaphragm; it synapses in minute ganglia located in the renal plexus
lesser thoracic splanchnic n. passes through the crus of the respiratory diaphragm; postganglionic processes from the ganglion supply vascular smooth muscle of branches of the renal a. and suprarenal aa.; kidney and suprarenal gland
sympathetic nerves; there are four of these on each side; lumbar splanchnic nn. contribute to preaortic abdominal plexuses (celiac, superior mesenteric, intermesenteric, superior hypogastric)
parasympathetic nerves; these contain preganglionic parasympathetic axons
sacral splanchnic nn. contain both preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers with postganglionic fibers predominating in number
stellate ganglion is formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion and the T1 ganglion of the sympathetic trunk (Latin, stellate = star shaped)
nerve to subclavius m. is one of two nerves to arise from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus; suprascapular n. is the other onethe subcostal n. is equivalent to a posterior intercostal n. found at higher thoracic levelsa terminal parasympathetic ganglion; submandibular ganglion is suspended from the lingual n. near the deep part of the submandibular gland
terminal parasympathetic ganglia; parasympathetic terminal ganglia; also known as: Meissner's plexus
spinal nerve C1 has NO cutaneous distribution
also called the thoracodorsal n.
subscapularis and teres major are antagonists (medial rotation vs. lateral rotation of the humerus)
mesenchyme that forms the subscapularis is derived from somites C5 and C6
nail beds are supplied by nerves from the plantar surface of the foot
superficial radial n. is located deep to the brachioradialis muscle
superior gluteal n. passes through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis m.
superior hypogastric plexus is the continuation of the intermesenteric plexus; it crosses the pelvic brim (Latin, plexus = a braid)
emerges at the posterior edge of the deltoid muscle
external br. supplies the cricothyroid m.; all other intrinsic muscles of the larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal n.
a sympathetic ganglion; located on the abdominal aorta at the origin of the superior mesenteric a.
superior mesenteric plexus contains a mixture of vagal (preganglionic parasympathetic) axons and postganglionic sympathetic axons (Latin, plexus = a braid)
pain from respiratory diaphragm is referred to the shoulder
pain from respiratory diaphragm is referred to the shoulder
pain from respiratory diaphragm is referred to the shoulder
supraorbital nerve passes through the supraorbital foramen (notch)
suprascapular n. passes through the suprascapular notch inferior to the superior transverse scapular ligament
supratrochlear n. passes superior to the trochlea (pulley) of the superior oblique m.
contains postganglionic sympathetic axons for supply of sweat glands, arrector pili mm. and blood vesselsunites with fibular communicating br. to form the sural n.
sural n. courses posterior to the lateral malleolus at the ankle with the lesser saphenous v.
located lateral to the vertebral bodies in the neck, thorax & abdominopelvic cavity; the ganglia plus their interconnecting fibers are also known as the sympathetic trunk; preganglionic cell bodies are located in the intermediolateral gray matter of spinal cord levels T1-L2
located parallel to the vertebral bodies in the neck; there are no white rami communicantes at cervical levels
also called the middle subscapular n.
T1 is the highest spinal nerve to have a white ramus communicans (Latin, ramus = a branch)
a branch of the motor root of CN V; temporalis m. developed from the mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal archa branch of the motor root of CN V; temporalis m. developed from the mesenchyme of the first pharyngeal archtemporofacial division of the facial n. usually forms a loop by communication anteriorly with the cervicofacial division
tibial n. is the larger of the two divisions of the sciatic n.
chemoreception (blood pH) in carotid body; blood pressure receptors in carotid sinus; both located near the bifurcation of the common carotid a.; the vagus n. (X) may share a role in this innervationnerve to coccygeus enters the muscle on its pelvic surface
the anterior belly of the digastric m. is formed by mesenchyme from the 1st pharyngeal arch and is supplied by the n. to the mylohyoid m. (V3)nerve to the geniohyoid m. travels with the hypoglossal nerve for a short distance in the superior neck
nerve to obturator internus m. crosses the ischial spine and enters the ischioanal fossa by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen
nerve to the quadratus femoris m. passes anterior to the obturator internus tendon
nerve to subclavius m. is one of two nerves to arise from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus; suprascapular n. is the other onetransverse cervical n. penetrates the platysma m. but does not innervate italso known as: CN V, 5th cranial nerve; some brs. carry pre- or postganglionic parasympathetic fibers; the trigeminal n. divides into three divisions at the trigeminal ganglion; SVE supplies muscles of 1st pharyngeal arch origin
also known as: CN IV, 4th cranial nerve; the trochlear n. passes through the superior orbital fissure to exit the middle cranial fossa; it is the smallest cranial nerve and the only cranial nerve to arise from dorsum of brainstem (Latin, trochlea = a pulley)tympanic n. passes from the inferior ganglion of CN IX through the tympanic canaliculus to reach the middle ear (Latin, tympanum = a kettle drum)
ulnar n. is motor to most of the muscles of the hand (Latin, ulna = elbow)
mesenchyme that forms the subscapularis is derived from somites C5 and C6
the uterovaginal plexus is a subsidiary plexus of the inferior hypogastric plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)
also known as: CN X, 10th cranial nerve; the vagus n. passes through the jugular foramen to exit the posterior cranial fossa; (Latin, vagus = wanderer, due to its wide distribution to the body cavities)
vestibular n. is part of the vestibulocochlear n.
a mixed nerve containing both motor and sensory fibers (Latin, ramus = a branch)
entirely motor in function; located ventral to the denticulate ligament; at all spinal core levels it contains GSE for skeletal mm.; at levels T1-L2 it contains GVE (preganglionic sympathetic) for blood vessels, sweat glands, thoracic viscera, abdominal vesical plexus is continuous with the other autonomic nerve plexuses in the pelvis and cannot be distinguished from them (Latin, plexus = a braid)
also known as: CN VIII, 8th cranial nerve; auditory nerve; passes into the internal auditory meatus
white rami communicantes connect the sympathetic chain to spinal nerves at vertebral levels T1-L2; carries preganglionic sympathetic axons (Latin, ramus = a branch)
zygomatic n. carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion to the lacrimal gland (via the communicating br. of the zygomaticotemporal n. which joins the lacrimal n.)zygomaticofacial n. passes through the zygomaticofacial foramen
zygomaticotemporal n. carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion to the lacrimal gland (via the communicating br. which joins the lacrimal n.)
Arteries of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyArtery Source Branches Supply to
infraorbital a.
maxillary a.
infraorbital a.
maxillary a.
angular facial a. no named branches
anterior cecal ileocolic a. cecum
perforating aa.
maxillary a. no named branches
ophthalmic a.
basilar a. labyrinthine (usually)
alveolar, anterior superior
dental brs., mucosal brs.
maxillary incisor and canine teeth; part of the maxillary sinus
alveolar, inferior
lingual br., mylohyoid a., dental brs., mental a.
mandibular teeth and gingiva; mandible; mylohyoid m.
alveolar, middle superior
dental brs., mucosal brs.
maxillary premolar teeth; part of the maxillary sinus
alveolar, posterior superior
dental brs., mucosal brs.
maxillary molar teeth; part of the maxillary sinus
orbicularis oculi m. and lacrimal sac
occasionally the appendicular a.
anterior cerebral
internal carotid a.
anterior communicating a., medial frontobasal a., polar frontal a., callosomarginal a., precuneal a.
medial and inferior portions of the frontal lobe; medial side of the parietal lobe; corpus callosum and part of the limbic lobe; olfactory bulb and tract; optic
anterior circumflex humeral
axillary a., 3rd part
unnamed muscular branches
deltoid m.; arm muscles near the surgical neck of the humerus
anterior communicating
anterior cerebral a.
an anastomotic connection
anterior deep temporal
anterior part of temporalis m. and surrounding deep tissuesanterior
ethmoidalanterior meningeal a., anterior septal br., anterior lateral nasal br.
anterior ethmoidal air cells, frontal paranasal sinus, dura mater in the anterior cranial fossa, nasal mucosa, olfactory anterior
inferior cerebellar
pons (motor nucleus of cranial nerve V, chief sensory nucleus of cranial nerve V, abducens nucleus, facial nucleus, superior anterior
inferior pancreaticoduodenal
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
pancreatic brs., duodenal brs.
lower duodenum and head of the pancreas
anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
pancreatic brs., duodenal brs.
lower duodendum and head of the pancreas
no named branches lateral side of the ankle
no named branches medial side of the ankle
pial arterial plexus
infraorbital a.
anterior tibial popliteal a.
no named branches
maxillary a. no named branches middle ear
ulnar a. unnamed muscular brs.
anterior intercostal
internal thoracic a. (upper 6 intercostal spaces), musculophrenic a. (7-10th
unnamed muscular branches
intercostal muscles anteriorly; skin overlying the intercostal muscles
anterior interosseous
common interosseous a.
muscular brs.; a. of the median nerve
flexor pollicis longus m., flexor digitorum profundus m., pronator quadratus m., radius, ulna, carpal bonesanterior
lateral malleolar
anterior tibial a.
anterior medial malleolar
anterior tibial a.
anterior radicular
they arise as multiple branches of several vessels (vertebral, posterior
they accompany the ventral rootlets to reach the spinal cord
meninges; spinal cord; spinal nerve; ventral rootlets
anterior spinal
contributions received from several arteries (vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal,
meninges; spinal cord; medulla (dorsal motor nucleus of cranial nerve X, nucleus ambiguus, spinal accessory nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus)
anterior superior alveolar
dental brs., mucosal brs.
maxillary incisor and canine teeth; part of the maxillary sinus
anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal
gastroduodenal a.
pancreatic brs., duodenal brs.
upper duodenum and head of the pancreas
anterior tibial recurrent a., posterior tibial recurrent a., anterior malleolar a., medial malleolar a., lateral malleolar a., dorsalis
anterior leg; dorsum of foot and deep foot
anterior tibial recurrent
anterior tibial a.
anterior side of the knee and adjacent muscles
anterior tympanic
anterior ulnar recurrent
medial side of elbow and proximal ends of forearm flexor mm.
heart, entire body
aortic arch
appendicular no named branches vermiform appendix
arch, aortic
dorsal metacarpal aa.
interlobar a. interlobular aa. renal cortex
no named branches
aorta, abdominal
the continuation of the descending thoracic aorta
inferior phrenic aa. (2), celiac trunk, middle suprarenal aa. (2), lumbar aa. (4 pairs), superior mesenteric a., renal aa. (2), testicular/ovarian aa.
abdominal wall; gastrointestinal tract; body below the level of the respiratory diaphragm
aorta, ascending
left ventricle of the heart
left and right coronary aa.
aorta, descending thoracic
continuation of aortic arch
posterior intercostal aa. 3-11, subcostal aa., left bronchial aa. (2), esophageal aa. (~3), mediastinal brs., superior phrenic aa.
thoracic wall, lungs, posterior mediastinum, body below the respiratory diaphragm
the continuation of the ascending aorta
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid a., left subclavian a.
the entire body except the heart
posterior cecal, anterior cecal or ileocolic
the continuation of the ascending aorta
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid a., left subclavian a.
the entire body except the heart
arch, deep palmar
radial a., deep br. of ulnar a.
palmar metacarpal aa. (2nd-4th), perforating brs.
deep palm, digits including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segmentarch, dorsal
carpal arterial
radial a., ulnar a.
dorsum of the hand and digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentarch, plantar
arteriallateral plantar a.
plantar metatarsal aa. (4)
deep foot; its plantar metatarsal brs. and their brs. supply the toes, including the dorsum of the distal arch,
superficial palmar
ulnar a., superficial palmar br. of the radial a.
common palmar digital aa. (3)
superficial palm, palmar surface of the digits excluding thumb, dorsum of the distal phalangeal segments of arcuate, of
footdorsalis pedis a.
dorsal metatarsal aa. (3)
dorsum of the foot, excluding the pollex and the distal phalangeal segments of the digitsarcuate, of
kidneyartery of the ductus deferens
umbilical a.; may be a branch of the superior or inferior
ductus deferens, seminal vesical; possibly supplies the ureter
no named branches
no named branches
heart, entire body
facial a. no named branches
pharynx, meninges
no named branches
maxillary a. no named branches
axillary
Artery Source Branches Supply tobasilar
brachial arm, forearm and hand
artery to the atrioventricular node
right coronary a. near the point where it becomes the posterior
atrioventricular node and the surrounding myocardium
artery to the sinuatrial node
right coronary a.
sinuatrial node and the surrounding myocardium
ascending aorta
left ventricle of the heart
left and right coronary aa.
ascending cervical
inferior thyroid a.
unnamed muscular branches
deep muscles of the neck
ascending palatine
superior pharyngeal constrictor, soft palate, palatine tonsil
ascending pharyngeal
external carotid a.
pharyngeal brs., inferior tympanic a., posterior meningeal a.
atrioventricular nodal
right coronary a. near the point where it becomes the posterior
atrioventricular node and the surrounding myocardium
auricular, deep
external auditory meatus, tympanic membraneauricular,
posteriorexternal carotid a.
stylomastoid br., auricular br., occipital br.
part of the external ear, scalp and deeper structures posterior to the earsubclavian a.
(axillary a. is the continuation of the subclavian lateral to the
1st part: superior thoracic a.; 2nd part: thoracoacromial a., lateral thoracic a.; 3rd part: anterior humeral circumflex a., posterior humeral circumflex a.,
pectoral region, shoulder region and upper limb
formed by the joining of the two vertebral aa.
pontine brs., anterior inferior cerebellar a., superior cerebellar a., two posterior cerebral aa. (terminal brs.)
pons (motor nucleus of cranial nerve V, chief sensory nucleus of cranial nerve V, abducens nucleus, facial nucleus, superior salivatory nucleus); oculomotor nucleus;
axillary a. (brachial a. is the continuation of the axillary a. distal to
deep brachial a., superior ulnar collateral a., nutrient a., inferior ulnar collateral a.; terminal branches are the radial a. and the
brachial, deep brachial a.
aortic arch
bronchial, left
no named branches
buccal maxillary a. no named branches
no named branches
no named branches
Artery Source Branches Supply tono named branches tympanic cavity
dorsal metacarpal aa.
splenic a. tail of the pancreas
ileocolic a.
ascending br.; terminal branches are the middle collateral a. and radial collateral a.
muscles and tissues of the posterior compartment of the arm
brachiocephalic trunk
right common carotid a., right subclavian a.
right side of the head and neck; right upper limb and right side of the chest walldescending
thoracic aortaright bronchial a. (occasionally)
lower trachea, bronchial tree
bronchial, right
3rd right posterior intercostal
lower trachea, bronchial treecheek and associated muscles
of bulb of penis
internal pudendal a.
bulb of the penis and associated tissues
of bulb of vestibule
internal pudendal a.
bulb of the vestibule and associated tissues
caroticotympanic
internal carotid a.
carotid, common
brachiocephalic trunk (right), aortic arch (left)
external carotid a., internal carotid a.
most of the head and upper neck
carotid, external
common carotid a.
superior thyroid a., ascending pharyngeal a., lingual a., facial a., occipital a., posterior auricular a., maxillary a., superficial temporal
upper neck, face and scalp
carotid, internal
common carotid a.
none in the neck; in the head: ophthalmic a., posterior communicating a., anterior cerebral a., middle cerebral a.
brain; eye and orbit; forehead
carpal arterial arch, dorsal
radial a., ulnar a.
dorsum of the hand and digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentcaudal
pancreaticnumerous small aa. that supply the pancreas
cecal, anterior
may give off the appendicular a.
anterior surface of the cecum
ileocolic a.
celiac trunk
ophthalmic a. retina
basilar a. labyrinthine a. (usually)
vertebral a. posterior spinal a.
basilar a. no named branches
brain and midbrain
basilar a.
cecal, posterior
may give off the appendicular a.
posterior surface of the cecum
abdominal aorta at the level of the T12-L1 intervertebral
left gastric a., splenic a., common hepatic a.
stomach, lower esophagus, liver, upper duodenum, pancreas, spleen
central, of retina
superior nasal br., inferior nasal br., superior temporal br., inferior temporal br.
cerebellar, anterior inferior
pons (motor nucleus of cranial nerve V, chief sensory nucleus of cranial nerve V, abducens nucleus, facial nucleus, superior cerebellar,
posterior inferior
part of cerebellum; medulla (cochlear nucleus, vestibular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of cranial nerve cerebellar,
superiorupper cerebellum; trochlear nucleus
cerebral, anterior
internal carotid a.
anterior communicating a., medial frontobasal a., polar frontal a., callosomarginal a., precuneal a.
medial and inferior portions of the frontal lobe; medial side of the parietal lobe; corpus callosum and part of the limbic lobe; olfactory bulb and tract; optic
cerebral arterial circle
an anastomotic circle of blood vessels formed by portions of the following vessels: posterior cerebral aa. (2); posterior communicating aa. (2); internal
this is an anastomotic loop; major named vessels connect here, but there are no named branches of the arterial circle
cerebral, middle
internal carotid a.
lateral frontobasal a.; prefrontal sulcal a.; precentral sulcal a.; central sulcal a.; anterior parietal a.; posterior parietal a.;
frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, especially on their lateral surfaces
cerebral, posterior
posterior cerebral a.; anterior and posterior temporal brs.; medial occipital a.
part of the brainstem (oculomotor nucleus, nucleus of Edinger-Westphal, trochlear nucleus); medial and inferior portions of the cervical,
ascendinginferior thyroid a.
unnamed muscular branches
deep muscles of the neck
cervical, deep
choroidal no named branches
no named branches anterior part of eyeball
ophthalmic a. no named branches eyeball
circumflex
lateral thigh and hip
medial thigh and hip
anterior tibial
femoral a.
no named branches
no named branches
colic, left descending colon
costocervical trunk
unnamed muscular branches
deep muscles of the posterior neck
cervical, transverse
thyrocervical trunk
unnamed muscular branches, possibly the dorsal scapular a.
trapezius muscle and surrounding tissues
internal carotid a.
choroid plexus; optic nerve, optic chiasm and optic tractciliary,
anteriormuscular brs. of the ophthalmic a.
ciliary, posterior
left coronary a.
marginal br., possibly posterior artery of the left ventricle
posterior surface of the left ventricle
circumflex femoral, lateral
deep femoral a.
ascending br., transverse br., descending br.
circumflex femoral, medial
deep femoral a.
ascending br., descending br.
circumflex fibular
unnamed muscular branches
proximal portion of lateral leg
circumflex humeral, anterior
axillary a., 3rd part
unnamed muscular branches
deltoid m.; arm muscles near the surgical neck of the humerus
circumflex humeral, posterior
axillary a., 3rd part
unnamed muscular branches
deltoid; arm muscles near the surgical neck of the humerus
circumflex iliac, deep
external iliac a.
unnamed muscular branches
iliacus muscle and the lower abdominal wall
circumflex iliac, superficial
unnamed muscular branches
superficial fascia of lower abdomen and thigh
circumflex scapular
subscapular a.
unnamed muscular branches
teres major m., teres minor m., infraspinatus m.
clitoris, deep a. of
internal pudendal a.
corpus cavernosum of the clitoris
clitoris, dorsal a. of
internal pudendal a.
superficial structures of the clitoris
inferior mesenteric a.
ascending br., descending br.
colic, middle right br., left br. transverse colon
colic, right ascending colon
brachial a. lower medial arm
lower lateral arm
brachial a. medial arm muscles
celiac trunk
common iliac pelvis, lower limb
ulnar a.
perforating aa.
perforating aa.
coronary, left
superior mesenteric
superior mesenteric (or br. of)
ascending br., descending br.
collateral, inferior ulnar
unnamed muscular branches
collateral, middle
deep brachial a.
unnamed muscular branches
medial head of triceps, anconeus
collateral, radial
deep brachial a.
unnamed muscular branches
collateral, superior ulnar
unnamed muscular branches
common carotid
brachiocephalic trunk (right), aortic arch (left)
external carotid a., internal carotid a.
most of the head and upper neck
common hepatic
gastroduodenal a., proper hepatic a.
liver, upper part of the duodenum, part of the pancreas, part of the stomachabdominal
aortaexternal iliac a., internal iliac a.
common interosseous
anterior interosseous a., posterior interosseous a.
deep structures of the forearm
common palmar digital
superficial palmar arterial arch
proper palmar digital aa. (2)
palmar aspect two adjacent digits
communicating, anterior
anterior cerebral a.
an anastomotic connection
communicating, posterior
internal carotid a.
an anastomotic connection
ascending aorta
anterior interventricular a., circumflex a.
left ventricle, left atrium, anterosuperior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
coronary, right
ascending aorta
sinuatrial nodal a., right marginal a., posterior interventricular a., atrioventricular nodal a.
right ventricle, right atrium, inferior 1/3 of the interventricular septum
cremasteric no named branches
cricothyroid no named branches
cystic no named branches gall bladder
Artery Source Branches Supply todeep brachial brachial a.
deep cervical
femoral a.
deep femoral femoral a.
deep lingual lingual a. no named branches anterior tongue
deep plantar dorsalis pedis
no named branches
deep, of penis no named branches
femoral a.
maxillary a. palate
costocervical trunk
subclavian a., 2nd part
deep cervical a., highest intercostal a.
deep muscles of the posterior neck; posterior ends of the first 2 intercostal spaces
inferior epigastric a.
cremaster m., coverings of the spermatic cord
superior thyroid a.
cricothyroid m., inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.
right hepatic a. (or superior mesenteric a., proper hepatic a.,
ascending br.; terminal branches are the middle collateral a. and radial collateral a.
muscles and tissues of the posterior compartment of the arm
costocervical trunk
unnamed muscular branches
deep muscles of the posterior neck
deep external pudendal
unnamed muscular branches
origins of pectineus m., adductor longus m.; scrotum/labium majus
medial circumflex femoral a., lateral circumflex femoral a., perforating aa. (3 or 4)
hip joint, proximal thigh, posterior thigh
deep palmar arch
radial a., deep br. of ulnar a.
palmar metacarpal aa. (2nd-4th), perforating brs.
deep palm, digits including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segmentplantar metatarsal aa.
(4)deep foot; its plantar metatarsal brs. and their brs. supply the toes, including the dorsum of the distal deep, of
clitorisinternal pudendal a.
corpus cavernosum of the clitoris
internal pudendal a.
corpus cavernosum of the penis
descending genicular
saphenous br., articular brs.
skin and superficial structures of the medial aspect of the knee and upper legdescending
palatinegreater palatine a., lesser palatine a.
no named branches
no named branches
dorsal metacarpal aa.
no named branches
no named branches
dorsal lingual lingual a. no named branches
dorsal digital aa. (2)
dorsal digital aa. (2)
dorsal nasal ophthalmic a. no named branches dorsum of the nose
splenic a. right br., left br. neck of the pancreas
no named branches
no named branches
dorsalis pedis
no named branches
Artery Source Branches Supply to
digital, common palmar
superficial palmar arterial arch
proper palmar digital aa. (2)
palmar aspect two adjacent digits
digital, proper palmar
common palmar digital a.
palmar aspect of each digit
digital, proper plantar
plantar metatarsal a., from the plantar
plantar aspect of each digit
dorsal carpal arterial arch
radial a., ulnar a.
dorsum of the hand and digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentdorsal digital,
of footdorsal metatarsal a.
dorsal aspect of 1/2 digit, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentdorsal digital,
of handdorsal metacarpal a.
dorsal aspect of 1/2 digit, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentposterior tongue, palatine tonsil, soft palatedorsal
metacarpal1st: radial a.; 2-4: dorsal carpal arterial arch
dorsum of 2 adjacent digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentdorsal
metatarsaldorsalis pedis (1st), arcuate (2nd-4th)
dorsum of digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segment
dorsal pancreatic
dorsal scapular
subclavian a., 3rd part
unnamed muscular branches
levator scapulae m., rhomboideus major m., rhomboideus minor m.
dorsal, of clitoris
internal pudendal a.
superficial tissues of the clitoris
dorsal, of penis
internal pudendal a.
superficial tissues of the penis
anterior tibial a.
lateral tarsal a., medial tarsal a., arcuate a., 1st dorsal metatarsal a., deep plantar a.
dorsal aspect of the foot;
ductus deferens, artery of
umbilical a.; may be a branch of the superior or inferior
ductus deferens, seminal vesical; possibly supplies the ureter
cremasteric a.
femoral a. cutaneous brs.
no named branches
esophageal no named branches
ophthalmic a.
ophthalmic a. no named branches
external iliac lower limb
femoral a.
femoral a. no named branches
Artery Source Branches Supply tofacial
epigastric, inferior
external iliac a.
lower rectus abdominis m., pyramidalis m., lower abdominal wall
epigastric, superficial
superficial fascia and skin of the lower abdominal wall
epigastric, superior
internal thoracic a.
upper rectus abdominis m., upper abdominal wall
descending thoracic aorta; left gastric a.
lower 2/3rds of the thoracic esophagus
ethmoidal, anterior
anterior meningeal a., anterior septal br., anterior lateral nasal br.
anterior ethmoidal air cells, frontal paranasal sinus, dura mater in the anterior cranial fossa, nasal mucosa, olfactory ethmoidal,
posteriorposterior ethmoidal air cells; olfactory nerves
external carotid
common carotid
superior thyroid a., ascending pharyngeal a., lingual a., facial a., occipital a., posterior auricular a., maxillary a., superficial temporal
upper neck, face and scalp
common iliac a.
inferior epigastric a., deep circumflex iliac a., femoral a.
external pudendal, deep
unnamed muscular branches
origins of pectineus m., adductor longus m.; scrotum/labium majus
external pudendal, superficial
skin and superficial fascia of the upper medial thigh, skin of the pubic region
external carotid a.
ascending palatine a., tonsilar br., submental a., superior labial a., inferior labial a., lateral nasal a., angular a.
lower part of the palatine tonsil, submandibular gland, facial muscles and fascia
no named branches
femoral thigh, leg and foot
femoral, deep femoral a.
lateral thigh and hip
medial thigh and hip
fibular
Artery Source Branches Supply togastric, left celiac a. esophageal brs.
gastric, right no named branches
gastric, short splenic a. no named branches
splenic a.
femoral a.
facial, transverse
superficial temporal a.
parotid gland, masseter m., facial muscles and skin
external iliac a.
superficial epigastric a., superficial circumflex iliac a., superficial external pudendal a., deep external pudendal a., deep femoral a., medial circumflex femoral a., lateral circumflex femoral a., perforating aa. (3 or 4)
hip joint, proximal thigh, posterior thigh
femoral, lateral circumflex
deep femoral a.
ascending br., transverse br., descending br.
femoral, medial circumflex
deep femoral a.
ascending br., descending br.
posterior tibial a.
nutrient br., lateral malleolar a., communicating br., perforating br.
muscles and fascia of the lateral leg ankle
superior part of the stomach near the lesser curvature
proper hepatic a.
inferior part of the stomach near the lesser curvature
fundus and upper part of the stomach near the greater curvature
gastro-omental, left
gastric brs., omental brs.
mid-part of the stomach near the greater curvature; greater omentum
gastro-omental, right
gastroduodenal a.
gastric brs., omental brs.
lower part of the pyloric region of the stomach, right part of greater curvature of the stomach, greater omentumgastroduoden
alcommon hepatic a.
supraduodenal aa., retroduodenal aa., posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a., anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a.,
upper duodenum, upper part of the head of the pancreas; greater curvature of the stomach on the right
genicular, descending
saphenous br., articular brs.
skin and superficial structures of the medial aspect of the knee and upper leg
popliteal a. no named branches
popliteal a. no named branches
popliteal a. no named branches
popliteal a. no named branches lateral aspect of knee
popliteal a. no named branches medial aspect of knee
superficial br., deep br.
no named branches lower spinal cord
no named branches
Artery Source Branches Supply toceliac trunk
hepatic, left segmental aa.
genicular, inferior lateral
lateral aspect of the knee
genicular, inferior medial
medial aspect of the knee
genicular, middle
cruciate ligaments and deep structures of the knee
genicular, superior lateral
genicular, superior medial
gluteal, inferior
internal iliac a., anterior division
unnamed muscular branches
gluteus maximus m., hip joint
gluteal, superior
internal iliac, posterior division
gluteus maximus m., gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., hip jointgreat anterior
radicularthe spinal br. of the lower posterior intercostal a., subcostal a., or upper lumbar a.,
greater palatine
descending palatine a.
hard palate, palatine glands, palatine mucosa
hepatic, common
gastroduodenal a., proper hepatic a.
liver, upper parts of the duodenum, upper part of the pancreas, right side of the stomachproper
hepatic a.left lobe of the liver, quadrate lobe of the liver, part of the caudate lobe of the liver
hepatic, right cystic a., segmental aa.
Artery Source Branches Supply toileocolic
iliac, common pelvis, lower limb
iliac, external lower limb
iliac, internal
iliolumbar iliac br., lumbar br.
maxillary a.
cremasteric a.
hepatic, proper
common hepatic a.
right gastric, right & left hepatic
liver, lesser curvature of the stomach
proper hepatic a.
right lobe of the liver, part of the caudate lobe of the liverhighest
intercostalcostocervical trunk
posterior intercostal aa. for intercostal spaces 1-2
intercostal muscles of intercostal spaces 1 and 2, vertebral column, deep back muscleshumeral,
anterior circumflex
axillary a., 3rd part
unnamed muscular branches
deltoid m.; arm muscles near the surgical neck of the humerus
humeral, posterior circumflex
axillary a., 3rd part
unnamed muscular branches
deltoid; arm muscles near the surgical neck of the humerus
superior mesenteric a.
colic br., anterior cecal br., posterior cecal br., appendicular a., ileal br.
cecum, appendix, terminal portion of the ileum
abdominal aorta
external iliac a., internal iliac a.
common iliac a.
inferior epigastric a., deep circumflex iliac a., femoral a.
common iliac a.
anterior division gives rise to the : umbilical a., obturator a., uterine a., vaginal a., inferior vesical a., middle rectal a., internal pudendal a., inferior gluteal a.; posterior division gives rise to the: iliolumbar
pelvic viscera, gluteal region, hip, medial thigh
internal iliac a., posterior division
iliacus m., psoas major m., quadratus lumborum m.
inferior alveolar
lingual br., mylohyoid a., dental brs., mental a.
mandibular teeth and gingiva; mandible; mylohyoid m.
inferior epigastric
external iliac a.
lower rectus abdominis m., pyramidalis m., lower abdominal wall
inferior gluteal
internal iliac a., anterior division
unnamed muscular branches
gluteus maximus m., hip joint
inferior labial facial a. no named branches
no named branches
popliteal a. no named branches
popliteal a. no named branches
no named branches
superior suprarenal aa.
inferior rectal no named branches anus, ischioanal fossa
renal a.
brachial a. lower medial arm
no named branches
infraorbital maxillary a.
skin, muscles, fasciae and mucosa of the lower lip
inferior laryngeal
inferior thyroid a.
internal part of the inferior larynx
inferior lateral genicular
lateral aspect of the knee
inferior medial genicular
medial aspect of the knee
inferior mesenteric
abdominal aorta at the level of the L3 vertebral
left colic a., sigmoid aa.(2-3), superior rectal a.
splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, superior part of rectuminferior
pancreaticdorsal pancreatic, left br.
lower part of the body of the pancreas
inferior pancreaticoduodenal
superior mesenteric a.
anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
lower duodenum, head of the pancreas
inferior phrenic
abdominal aorta
diaphragm, suprarenal gland
internal pudendal a.
inferior suprarenal
numerous unnamed branches
inferior aspect of the suprarenal gland
inferior thyroid
thyrocervical trunk
ascending cervical a., inferior laryngeal a., esophageal brs., tracheal brs., glandular
thyroid gland, lower larynx, upper trachea, upper esophagus, deep neck musclesinferior ulnar
collateralunnamed muscular branches
inferior vesical
internal iliac a., anterior division or it may arise from the
lower part of the urinary bladder, prostate/vagina
anterior superior alveolar a., middle superior alveolar a.
maxillary sinus, maxillary incisors, canine and premolar teeth, skin of the cheek below the orbit, mucosa over the maxillary intercostal,
anteriorinternal thoracic a. (upper 6 intercostal spaces), musculophrenic a. (7-10th
unnamed muscular branches
intercostal muscles anteriorly; skin overlying the intercostal muscles
internal iliac
ulnar a.
interosseous recurrent
intestinal arterial arches jejunum, ileum
Artery Source Branches Supply to
intercostal, highest
costocervical trunk
posterior intercostal aa. for intercostal spaces 1-2
intercostal muscles of intercostal spaces 1 and 2, vertebral column, deep back musclesintercostal,
posteriorhighest intercostal (upper 2 intercostal spaces), descending thoracic aorta
posterior br., spinal br., anterior br., collateral br., lateral cutaneous br.
intercostal muscles, spinal cord and vertebral column, deep back muscles, skin and superficial fascia overlying the intercostal spaces
internal carotid
common carotid a.
none in the neck; in the head: ophthalmic a., posterior communicating a., anterior cerebral a., middle cerebral a.
brain; eye and orbit; forehead
common iliac a.
anterior division gives rise to the : umbilical a., obturator a., uterine a., vaginal a., inferior vesical a., middle rectal a., internal pudendal a., inferior gluteal a.; posterior division gives rise to the: iliolumbar
pelvic viscera, gluteal region, hip, medial thigh
internal pudendal
internal iliac a., anterior division
inferior rectal a., perineal a., artery of the bulb of the clitoris/penis, urethral a., deep clitoral/penile
anus, muscles of the superficial and deep perineal spaces, clitoris/penis, posterior aspect of the internal
thoracicsubclavian a. (1st part)
pericardiocophrenic a., perforating brs., anterior intercostal aa., mediastinal brs., thymic brs., musculophrenic a., superior epigastric a.
mediastinum, anterior thoracic wall, anterior abdominal wall, respiratory diaphragm
interosseous recurrent
posterior interosseous a.
unnamed muscular branches
anconeus m., elbow joint
interosseous, anterior
common interosseous a.
muscular brs.; a. of the median nerve
flexor pollicis longus m., flexor digitorum profundus m., pronator quadratus m., radius, ulna, carpal bonesinterosseous,
commonanterior interosseous a., posterior interosseous a.
deep structures of the forearm
interosseous, posterior
common interosseous a.
muscles of the posterior (extensor) forearm compartment: supinator m., abductor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis brevis
superior mesenteric a.
labial, inferior facial a. no named branches
perineal a. no named branches
facial a. septal br.
labyrinthine no named branches internal ear
lacrimal ophthalmic a. lateral palpebral aa. (2)
no named branches
no named branches
no named branches
lateral nasal facial a. no named branches lateral side of the nose
lacrimal a. superior br., inferior br.
lateral sacral spinal brs.
lateral tarsal no named branches
left bronchial
left colic descending colon
left coronary
left gastric celiac a. esophageal brs.
skin, muscles, fasciae and mucosa of the lower lip
labial, posterior
posterior aspect of the labium majus
labial, superior
skin, muscles, fasciae and mucosa of the upper lip, lower part of the anterior end of the anterior
inferior cerebellar a. (or basilar a.) lacrimal gland, lateral
sides of the eyelidslaryngeal, inferior
inferior thyroid a.
internal part of the inferior larynx
laryngeal, superior
superior thyroid a.
internal aspect of the superior larynx
lateral mammary
lateral thoracic a.
lateral side of the mammary gland
lateral palpebral
lateral sides of the upper and lower eyelids
lateral plantar
posterior tibial a.
proper plantar digital a. to lateral side of 5th digit
deep foot; the plantar arterial arch and its brs. supply the toes, including the distal phalangeal segment internal iliac
a., posterior division
sacrum, sacral nerve rootlets, meninges, adjacent muscles
dorsalis pedis a.
tarsal bones and joints of the lateral foot
lateral thoracic
axillary, 2nd part
unnamed muscular branches
serratus anterior m., parts of adjacent muscles, skin and fascia of the anterolateral descending
thoracic aortaright bronchial a. (occasionally)
lower trachea, bronchial tree
inferior mesenteric a.
ascending br., descending br.
ascending aorta
anterior interventricular a., circumflex a.
left ventricle, left atrium, anterosuperior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
superior part of the stomach near the lesser curvature
splenic a.
left hepatic segmental aa.
no named branches
lingual
lingual, deep lingual a. no named branches anterior tongue
lingual, dorsal lingual a. no named branches
lumbar
Artery Source Branches Supply tono named branches lateral side of the ankle
no named branches medial side of the ankle
fibular a. calcaneal brs. lateral side of the ankle
no named branches medial side of the ankle
no named branches
no named branches
marginal colic brs. colon
left gastro-omental
gastric brs., omental brs.
mid-part of the stomach near the greater curvature; greater omentum
proper hepatic a.
left lobe of the liver, quadrate lobe of the liver, part of the caudate lobe of the liver
lesser palatine
descending palatine a.
muscles of the soft palate, mucosa and glands of the soft palate, upper part of the external
carotid a.suprahyoid br., dorsal lingual brs., deep lingual a., sublingual a.
tongue, suprahyoid muscles, palatine tonsil
posterior tongue, palatine tonsil, soft palateabdominal
aortaanterior br., posterior br., spinal br.
psoas major m., psoas minor m., quadratus lumborum m., spinal cord and vertebral column, deep back muscles
malleolar, anterior lateral
anterior tibial a.
malleolar, anterior medial
anterior tibial a.
malleolar, posterior lateral
malleolar, posterior medial
posterior tibial a.
mammary, lateral
lateral thoracic a.
lateral side of the mammary gland
mammary, medial
perforating brs. of the internal thoracic a.
medial side of the mammary gland
formed by anastomoses of branches of the ileocolic a., right colic a., middle colic a., left colic
masseteric maxillary a. no named branches masseter m.
maxillary
no named branches
ophthalmic a. superior br., inferior br.
digital brs. (3)
medial tarsal no named branches
median sacral 5th lumbar aa. sacrum
maxillary a.
mental no named branches
dorsal digital aa. (2)
dorsal digital aa. (2)
external carotid a.
deep auricular a., anterior tympanic a., middle meningeal a., inferior alveolar a., masseteric a., posterior deep temporal a., anterior deep temporal a., buccal a., posterior superior alveolar a., infraorbital a., a. of the
deep face, infratemporal fossa, tympanic cavity, muscles of mastication
medial mammary
perforating brs. of the internal thoracic a.
medial side of the mammary gland
medial palpebral
medial aspects of the upper and lower eyelids
medial plantar
posterior tibial a.
medial side of the sole of the foot
dorsalis pedis a.
tarsal bones and joints of the medial side of the foot
abdominal aorta
meningeal, middle
frontal br., parietal br., petrous br., superior tympanic br.
most of the dura mater (approx. 80%), bones of the cranial vault
inferior alveolar a.
skin, superficial fascia and facial mm. of the chin and lower lip
mesenteric, inferior
abdominal aorta at the level of the L3 vertebral
left colic a., sigmoid aa.(2-3), superior rectal a.
splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, superior part of rectummesenteric,
superiorabdominal aorta at the level of the lower 1/3 of the L1
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., middle colic a., jejunal a., ileal a., right colic a., ileocolic a.
inferior part of the head of the pancreas, distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, metacarpal,
dorsal1st: radial a.; 2-4: dorsal carpal arterial arch
dorsum of 2 adjacent digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segmentmetacarpal,
palmardeep palmar arch
proper palmar digital aa.
interosseous mm., deep hand
metatarsal, dorsal
dorsalis pedis (1st), arcuate (2nd-4th)
dorsum of digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segment
middle colic right br., left br. transverse colon
popliteal a. no named branches
maxillary a.
middle rectal no named branches
infraorbital a.
no named branches temporalis m.
anterior intercostal aa.
mylohyoid no named branches mylohyoid m.
Artery Source Branches Supply tonasal, dorsal ophthalmic a. no named branches dorsum of the nose
nasal, lateral facial a. no named branches lateral side of the nose
no named branches
metatarsal, plantar
plantar arterial arch
perforating br., plantar digital aa. (2)
interosseous mm., deep portions of the foot; digits including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segmentmiddle
cerebralinternal carotid a.
lateral frontobasal a.; prefrontal sulcal a.; precentral sulcal a.; central sulcal a.; anterior parietal a.; posterior parietal a.;
frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, especially on their lateral surfaces
superior mesenteric
middle collateral
deep brachial a.
unnamed muscular branches
medial head of triceps, anconeus
middle genicular
cruciate ligaments and deep structures of the knee
middle meningeal
frontal br., parietal br., petrous br., superior tympanic br.
most of the dura mater (approx. 80%), bones of the cranial vault
internal iliac, anterior division
middle portion of the rectum
middle superior alveolar
dental brs., mucosal brs.
maxillary premolar teeth; part of the maxillary sinus
middle suprarenal
abdominal aorta
numerous unnamed branches
medial side of the suprarenal gland
middle temporal
superficial temporal a.
musculophrenic
internal thoracic a.
anterior diaphragm, anterior aspects of intercostal spaces 7-10 or 11inferior
alveolar a.
nodal, atrioventricular
right coronary a. near the point where it becomes the posterior
atrioventricular node and the surrounding myocardium
no named branches
Artery Source Branches Supply toobturator medial thigh and hip
occipital
no named branches
no named branches
ophthalmic
ovarian tubal brs., uterine brs. ovary, uterine tube
Artery Source Branches Supply tofacial a. no named branches
maxillary a. palate
no named branches
no named branches
nodal, sinuatrial
right coronary a.
sinuatrial node and the surrounding myocardium
internal iliac a., anterior division
pubic br., acetabular br., anterior br., posterior br.
external carotid a.
sternocleidomastoid brs., auricular br., mastoid br., descending br., occipital brs.
lateral neck, posterior neck, posterior scalp
of bulb of penis
internal pudendal a.
bulb of the penis and associated tissues
of bulb of vestibule
internal pudendal a.
bulb of the vestibule and associated tissues
internal carotid a.
central retinal a., lacrimal a., muscular brs., anterior ethmoidal a., posterior ethmoidal a., medial palpebral a., supraorbital a.,
optic nerve, optic chiasm optic tract, retina, extraocular mm., eyelids, forehead, ethmoidal air cells, lateral nasal wall, abdominal
aorta
palatine, ascending
superior pharyngeal constrictor, soft palate, palatine tonsil
palatine, descending
greater palatine a., lesser palatine a.
palatine, greater
descending palatine a.
hard palate, palatine glands, palatine mucosa
palatine, lesser
descending palatine a.
muscles of the soft palate, mucosa and glands of the soft palate, upper part of the palmar arch,
deepradial a., deep br. of ulnar a.
palmar metacarpal aa. (2nd-4th), perforating brs.
deep palm, digits including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment
no named branches
lacrimal a. superior br., inferior br.
ophthalmic a. superior br., inferior br.
splenic a. tail of the pancreas
splenic a. right br., left br. neck of the pancreas
no named branches
splenic a. no named branches
splenic a. body of the pancreas
palmar arch, superficial
ulnar a., superficial palmar br. of the radial a.
common palmar digital aa. (3)
superficial palm, palmar surface of the digits excluding thumb, dorsum of the distal phalangeal segments of palmar
digital, common
superficial palmar arterial arch
proper palmar digital aa. (2)
palmar aspect two adjacent digits
palmar digital, proper
common palmar digital a.
palmar aspect of each digit
palmar metacarpal
deep palmar arch
proper palmar digital aa.
interosseous mm., deep hand
palpebral, lateral
lateral sides of the upper and lower eyelids
palpebral, medial
medial aspects of the upper and lower eyelids
pancreatic, caudal
numerous small aa. that supply the pancreas
pancreatic, dorsal
pancreatic, inferior
dorsal pancreatic, left br.
lower part of the body of the pancreas
pancreatic, superior
superior part of the body of the pancreas
pancreatica magna
numerous unnamed brs. within the pancreas
pancreaticoduodenal, anterior inferior
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
pancreatic brs., duodenal brs.
lower duodenum and head of the pancreas
pancreaticoduodenal, anterior superior
gastroduodenal a.
pancreatic brs., duodenal brs.
upper duodenum and head of the pancreas
pancreaticoduodenal, inferior
superior mesenteric a.
anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
lower duodenum, head of the pancreas
pectoral
penis, deep no named branches
penis, dorsal no named branches
penis, of bulb no named branches
pericardial no named branches pericardial sac
perineal
pharynx
superior suprarenal aa.
no named branches diaphragm
plantar, deep dorsalis pedis
pancreaticoduodenal, posterior inferior
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
pancreatic brs., duodenal brs.
lower duodenum and head of the pancreas
pancreaticoduodenal, posterior superior
gastroduodenal a.
pancreatic brs., duodenal brs.
upper duodenum and head of the pancreas
thoracoacromial trunk
unnamed muscular branches
pectoralis major m., pectoralis minor m.
internal pudendal a.
corpus cavernosum of the penis
internal pudendal a.
superficial tissues of the penis
internal pudendal a.
bulb of the penis and associated tissues
pericardiacophrenic
internal thoracic a.
pericardial br., sternal br., mediastinal br.
pericardial sac, pleura, diaphragm
pericardiacophrenic a.
internal pudendal a.
posterior labial/scrotal; deep br.
posterior aspect of the scrotum/labium majus; muscles of the superficial perineal pharyngeal,
ascendingexternal carotid
pharyngeal brs., inferior tympanic, posterior meningeal
phrenic, inferior
abdominal aorta
diaphragm, suprarenal gland
phrenic, superior
descending thoracic aorta (2 small brs.)
plantar arterial arch
lateral plantar a.
plantar metatarsal aa. (4)
deep foot; its plantar metatarsal brs. and their brs. supply the toes, including the dorsum of the distal plantar
metatarsalplantar arterial arch
perforating br., plantar digital aa. (2)
interosseous mm., deep portions of the foot; digits including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segmentplantar metatarsal aa.
(4)deep foot; its plantar metatarsal brs. and their brs. supply the toes, including the dorsum of the distal plantar,
lateralposterior tibial a.
proper plantar digital a. to lateral side of 5th digit
deep foot; the plantar arterial arch and its brs. supply the toes, including the distal phalangeal segment
digital brs. (3)
popliteal femoral a. knee, leg and foot
ileocolic a.
basilar a.
perforating aa.
maxillary a. no named branches
ophthalmic a. no named branches
vertebral a. posterior spinal a.
interosseous recurrent
perineal a. no named branches
plantar, medial
posterior tibial a.
medial side of the sole of the foot
anterior tibial a., posterior tibial a., 5 genicular brs.
posterior auricular
external carotid a.
stylomastoid br., auricular br., occipital br.
part of the external ear, scalp and deeper structures posterior to the earposterior
cecalmay give off the appendicular a.
posterior surface of the cecum
posterior cerebral
posterior cerebral a.; anterior and posterior temporal brs.; medial occipital a.
part of the brainstem (oculomotor nucleus, nucleus of Edinger-Westphal, trochlear nucleus); medial and inferior portions of the posterior
circumflex humeral
axillary a., 3rd part
unnamed muscular branches
deltoid; arm muscles near the surgical neck of the humerus
posterior communicating
internal carotid a.
an anastomotic connection
posterior deep temporal
posterior part of the temporalis m.
posterior ethmoidal
posterior ethmoidal air cells; olfactory nerves
posterior inferior cerebellar
part of cerebellum; medulla (cochlear nucleus, vestibular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of cranial nerve posterior
inferior pancreaticoduodenal
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
pancreatic brs., duodenal brs.
lower duodenum and head of the pancreas
posterior intercostal
highest intercostal (upper 2 intercostal spaces), descending thoracic aorta
posterior br., spinal br., anterior br., collateral br., lateral cutaneous br.
intercostal muscles, spinal cord and vertebral column, deep back muscles, skin and superficial fascia overlying the intercostal spaces
posterior interosseous
common interosseous a.
muscles of the posterior (extensor) forearm compartment: supinator m., abductor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis longus m., extensor pollicis brevis
posterior labial
posterior aspect of the labium majus
fibular a. calcaneal brs. lateral side of the ankle
no named branches medial side of the ankle
no named branches
perineal a. no named branches
no named branches
pial arterial plexus
maxillary a.
popliteal a.
no named branches
ulnar a.
radial a. two brs. to the thumb
posterior lateral malleolar
posterior medial malleolar
posterior tibial a.
posterior radicular
they arise as multiple branches of several vessels (vertebral, posterior
meninges; spinal cord; spinal nerve; dorsal rootlets
posterior scrotal
posterior aspect of the scrotum
posterior septal
sphenopalatine a. (several small brs.)
posterior aspect of the nasal septum
posterior spinal
contributions received from several arteries (posterior inferior cerebellar, vertebral, posterior intercostal,
spinal cord, especially the dorsal columns; medulla (nucleus cuneatus and nucleus gracilis)
posterior superior alveolar
dental brs., mucosal brs.
maxillary molar teeth; part of the maxillary sinus
posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal
gastroduodenal a.
pancreatic brs., duodenal brs.
upper duodenum and head of the pancreas
posterior tibial
fibular a. (peroneal), circumflex fibular a., nutrient a. of the tibia, communicating br., posterior medial malleolar brs., medial calcaneal brs., lateral plantar a., medial plantar a.
posterior and lateral leg, plantar aspect of the foot
posterior tibial recurrent
anterior tibial a.
posterior knee, popliteus m.
posterior ulnar recurrent
unnamed muscular branches
medial side of the elbow, forearm flexor mm.
princeps pollicis
palmar aspect of the thumb including the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment
no named branches
no named branches
femoral a.
femoral a. no named branches
lungs
Artery Source Branches Supply tono named branches
Artery Source Branches Supply toradial brachial a.
lower lateral arm
proper hepatic
common hepatic a.
right gastric, right & left hepatic
liver, lesser curvature of the stomach
proper palmar digital
common palmar digital a.
palmar aspect of each digit
proper plantar digital
plantar metatarsal a., from the plantar
plantar aspect of each digit
pudendal, deep external
unnamed muscular branches
origins of pectineus m., adductor longus m.; scrotum/labium majus
pudendal, internal
internal iliac a., anterior division
inferior rectal a., perineal a., artery of the bulb of the clitoris/penis, urethral a., deep clitoral/penile
anus, muscles of the superficial and deep perineal spaces, clitoris/penis, posterior aspect of the pudendal,
superficial external
skin and superficial fascia of the upper medial thigh, skin of the pubic region
pulmonary trunk
right ventricle
right pulmonary a., left pulmonary aa.
quadrigeminal
posterior cerebral
trochlear nerve; corpora quadrigemina
radial recurrent a., palmar carpal br., superficial palmar br., dorsal carpal br., 1st dorsal metacarpal a., princeps pollicis a., radialis indicis a., deep palmar arterial arch
posterior elbow, posterior forearm, posterior hand, deep portion of palmar side of the hand, thumb
radial collateral
deep brachial a.
unnamed muscular branches
radial a.
radial a. no named branches
no named branches lower spinal cord
no named branches
no named branches anus, ischioanal fossa
rectal, middle no named branches
two unnamed branches
no named branches
ulnar a. unnamed muscular brs.
no named branches
ulnar a.
radial recurrent
unnamed muscular branches
lateral side of the elbow and adjacent extensor muscles
radialis indicis
lateral (radial) side of the index finger
radicular, anterior
they arise as multiple branches of several vessels (vertebral, posterior
they accompany the ventral rootlets to reach the spinal cord
meninges; spinal cord; spinal nerve; ventral rootlets
radicular, great anterior
the spinal br. of the lower posterior intercostal a., subcostal a., or upper lumbar a.,
radicular, posterior
they arise as multiple branches of several vessels (vertebral, posterior
meninges; spinal cord; spinal nerve; dorsal rootlets
rectal, inferior
internal pudendal a.
internal iliac, anterior division
middle portion of the rectum
rectal, superior
inferior mesenteric a.
superior part of the rectum
recurrent, anterior tibial
anterior tibial a.
anterior side of the knee and adjacent muscles
recurrent, anterior ulnar
medial side of elbow and proximal ends of forearm flexor mm.
recurrent, interosseous
posterior interosseous a.
unnamed muscular branches
anconeus m., elbow joint
recurrent, posterior tibial
anterior tibial a.
posterior knee, popliteus m.
recurrent, posterior ulnar
unnamed muscular branches
medial side of the elbow, forearm flexor mm.
radial a.
renal
retroduodenal multiple unnamed brs.
right colic ascending colon
right gastric no named branches
right hepatic cystic a., segmental aa.
Artery Source Branches Supply tosacral, lateral spinal brs.
5th lumbar aa. sacrum
perineal a. no named branches
no named branches
recurrent, radial
unnamed muscular branches
lateral side of the elbow and adjacent extensor muscles
abdominal aorta at the level of the upper border of the L2 vertebra
inferior suprarenal a., apical segmental a., anterior br: superior anterior segmental a., middle anterior segmental a., inferior segmental a.; posterior
kidney, upper ureter, suprarenal gland
gastroduodenal a.
posterior portion of the 1st part of the duodenumsuperior
mesenteric (or br. of)
ascending br., descending br.
right coronary
ascending aorta
sinuatrial nodal a., right marginal a., posterior interventricular a., atrioventricular nodal a.
right ventricle, right atrium, inferior 1/3 of the interventricular septumproper
hepatic a.inferior part of the stomach near the lesser curvature
right gastro-omental
gastroduodenal a.
gastric brs., omental brs.
lower part of the pyloric region of the stomach, right part of greater curvature of the stomach, greater omentumproper
hepatic a.right lobe of the liver, part of the caudate lobe of the liver
internal iliac a., posterior division
sacrum, sacral nerve rootlets, meninges, adjacent muscles
sacral, median
abdominal aorta
scapular, circumflex
subscapular a.
unnamed muscular branches
teres major m., teres minor m., infraspinatus m.
scapular, dorsal
subclavian a., 3rd part
unnamed muscular branches
levator scapulae m., rhomboideus major m., rhomboideus minor m.
scrotal, posterior
posterior aspect of the scrotum
septal, posterior
sphenopalatine a. (several small brs.)
posterior aspect of the nasal septum
short gastric splenic a. no named branches
sigmoid sigmoid colon
no named branches
maxillary a.
pial arterial plexus
pial arterial plexus
splenic celiac trunk
stylomastoid no named branches
subclavian
subcostal
sublingual lingual a. no named branches
submental facial a. no named branches
fundus and upper part of the stomach near the greater curvature
inferior mesenteric a.
ascending br., descending br.
sinuatrial nodal
right coronary a.
sinuatrial node and the surrounding myocardium
sphenopalatine
posterior lateral nasal brs., posterior septal brs.
posterolateral nasal wall, posteroinferior nasal septum, hard palate behind the maxillary incisor teethspinal,
anteriorcontributions received from several arteries (vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal,
meninges; spinal cord; medulla (dorsal motor nucleus of cranial nerve X, nucleus ambiguus, spinal accessory nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus)
spinal, posterior
contributions received from several arteries (posterior inferior cerebellar, vertebral, posterior intercostal,
spinal cord, especially the dorsal columns; medulla (nucleus cuneatus and nucleus gracilis)
dorsal pancreatic a., pancreatic brs., pancreatica magna a., caudal pancreatic a., short gastric aa., left
pancreas, spleen, greater curvature of the stomach
posterior auricular a.
tympanic cavity, mastoid air cells
brachiocephalic a. (right), aortic arch (left)
1st part: vertebral a., thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic a.; 2nd part: costocervical trunk; 3rd part: dorsal scapular a. (70%)
neck, brain, spinal cord, thyroid gland, larynx, shoulder, chest muscles, upper limb
descending thoracic aorta
spinal br., collateral br., lateral cutaneous br.
vertebrae, spinal cord; muscles, skin & fascia of the upper abdominal wall
mylohyoid m., sublingual gland, floor of the mouth
muscles, skin and fascia under the chin; submandibular gland
subscapular
femoral a. cutaneous brs.
femoral a. no named branches
basilar a. no named branches
no named branches
superficial br., deep br.
facial a. septal br.
no named branches
popliteal a. no named branches lateral aspect of knee
popliteal a. no named branches medial aspect of knee
axillary a., 3rd part
circumflex scapular a., thoracodorsal a.
subscapularis m., teres major m., teres minor m., infraspinatus m.
superficial epigastric
superficial fascia and skin of the lower abdominal wall
superficial external pudendal
skin and superficial fascia of the upper medial thigh, skin of the pubic region
superficial palmar arch
ulnar a., superficial palmar br. of the radial a.
common palmar digital aa. (3)
superficial palm, palmar surface of the digits excluding thumb, dorsum of the distal phalangeal segments of superficial
temporalexternal carotid a.
transverse facial a.; anterior auricular brs.; zygomatico-orbital a.; middle temporal a.; frontal br.; parietal br.
scalp of the lateral side of the head; lateral face; temporalis m.
superior cerebellar
upper cerebellum; trochlear nucleus
superior epigastric
internal thoracic a.
upper rectus abdominis m., upper abdominal wall
superior gluteal
internal iliac, posterior division
gluteus maximus m., gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., hip jointsuperior
labialskin, muscles, fasciae and mucosa of the upper lip, lower part of the anterior end of the superior
laryngealsuperior thyroid a.
internal aspect of the superior larynx
superior lateral genicular
superior medial genicular
splenic a. no named branches
no named branches diaphragm
two unnamed branches
multiple small aa.
brachial a. medial arm muscles
umbilical a. no named branches
no named branches
supraorbital ophthalmic a. no named branches
renal a.
multiple small aa.
suprascapular muscular
ophthalmic a. no named branches
sural popliteal a. unnamed muscular aa.
superior mesenteric
abdominal aorta at the level of the lower 1/3 of the L1
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., middle colic a., jejunal a., ileal a., right colic a., ileocolic a.
inferior part of the head of the pancreas, distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, superior
pancreaticsuperior part of the body of the pancreas
superior phrenic
descending thoracic aorta (2 small brs.)
superior rectal
inferior mesenteric a.
superior part of the rectum
superior suprarenal
inferior phrenic a.
superior aspect of the suprarenal gland
superior thoracic
axillary a., 1st part
unnamed muscular branches
muscles of intercostal spaces 1 and 2
superior thyroid
external carotid a.
infrahyoid br., sternocleidomastoid br., superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid br., glandular brs.
thyroid gland, upper part of the larynx, infrahyoid mm., sternocleidomastoid m.
superior ulnar collateral
unnamed muscular branches
superior vesical
superior aspect of the bladder
supraduodenal
gastroduodenal a.
superior portion of the 1st part of the duodenum
muscles, skin and fascia of the forehead
suprarenal, inferior
numerous unnamed branches
inferior aspect of the suprarenal gland
suprarenal, middle
abdominal aorta
numerous unnamed branches
medial side of the suprarenal gland
suprarenal, superior
inferior phrenic a.
superior aspect of the suprarenal gland
thyrocervical trunk
supraspinatus & infraspinatus, shoulder joint
supratrochlear
muscles, skin and fascia of the medial foreheadgastrocnemius m., soleus m., plantaris m.
Artery Source Branches Supply totarsal, lateral no named branches
tarsal, medial no named branches
maxillary a. no named branches
no named branches temporalis m.
maxillary a. no named branches
testicular ureteric brs.
thoracodorsal latissimus dorsi m.
dorsalis pedis a.
tarsal bones and joints of the lateral foot
dorsalis pedis a.
tarsal bones and joints of the medial side of the foot
temporal, anterior deep
anterior part of temporalis m. and surrounding deep tissuestemporal,
middlesuperficial temporal a.
temporal, posterior deep
posterior part of the temporalis m.
temporal, superficial
external carotid a.
transverse facial a.; anterior auricular brs.; zygomatico-orbital a.; middle temporal a.; frontal br.; parietal br.
scalp of the lateral side of the head; lateral face; temporalis m.
abdominal aorta
testis, epididymis, lower part of the ductus deferens, ureter near its midpoint
thoracic, internal
subclavian a. (1st part)
pericardiocophrenic a., perforating brs., anterior intercostal aa., mediastinal brs., thymic brs., musculophrenic a., superior epigastric a.
mediastinum, anterior thoracic wall, anterior abdominal wall, respiratory diaphragm
thoracic, lateral
axillary a., 2nd part
unnamed muscular branches
serratus anterior m., parts of adjacent muscles, skin and fascia of the anterolateral thoracic,
superioraxillary a., 1st part
unnamed muscular branches
muscles of intercostal spaces 1 and 2
thoracoacromial
axillary a., 2nd part
pectoral br., clavicular br., acromial br., deltoid br.
pectoralis major m., pectoralis minor m., subclavius m., deltoid m., shoulder jointsubscapular
a.unnamed muscular branches
thyrocervical trunk
subclavian a., 1st part
inferior thyroid a., transverse cervical a., suprascapular a.
lower neck, posterior shoulder, thyroid gland
thyroid, inferior
thyrocervical trunk
ascending cervical a., inferior laryngeal a., esophageal brs., tracheal brs., glandular
thyroid gland, lower larynx, upper trachea, upper esophagus, deep neck musclesthyroid,
superiorexternal carotid a.
infrahyoid br., sternocleidomastoid br., superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid br., glandular brs.
thyroid gland, upper part of the larynx, infrahyoid mm., sternocleidomastoid m.
thyroidea ima no named branches
no named branches
no named branches
popliteal a.
popliteal a.
no named branches
aortic arch
trunk, celiac
lungs
maxillary a. no named branches middle ear
brachiocephalic a. or aortic arch
isthmus of the thyroid gland, upper trachea
tibial recurrent, anterior
anterior tibial a.
anterior side of the knee and adjacent muscles
tibial recurrent, posterior
anterior tibial a.
posterior knee, popliteus m.
tibial, anterior
anterior tibial recurrent a., posterior tibial recurrent a., anterior malleolar a., medial malleolar a., lateral malleolar a., dorsalis
anterior leg; dorsum of foot and deep foot
tibial, posterior
fibular a. (peroneal), circumflex fibular a., nutrient a. of the tibia, communicating br., posterior medial malleolar brs., medial calcaneal brs., lateral plantar a., medial plantar a.
posterior and lateral leg, plantar aspect of the foot
transverse cervical
thyrocervical trunk
unnamed muscular branches, possibly the dorsal scapular a.
trapezius muscle and surrounding tissues
transverse facial
superficial temporal a.
parotid gland, masseter m., facial muscles and skin
trunk, brachiocephalic
right common carotid a., right subclavian a.
right side of the head and neck; right upper limb and right side of the chest wallabdominal
aorta at the level of the T12-L1 intervertebral
left gastric a., splenic a., common hepatic a.
stomach, lower esophagus, liver, upper duodenum, pancreas, spleen
trunk, costocervical
subclavian a., 2nd part
deep cervical a., highest intercostal a.
deep muscles of the posterior neck; posterior ends of the first 2 intercostal spaces
trunk, pulmonary
right ventricle
right pulmonary a., left pulmonary aa.
tympanic, anterior
Artery Source Branches Supply toulnar brachial a.
brachial a. lower medial arm
brachial a. medial arm muscles
ulnar a. unnamed muscular brs.
ulnar a.
umbilical
urethral no named branches penile urethra
uterine tubal br., vaginal br. uterus, uterine tube
Artery Source Branches Supply tovaginal vagina
vertebral
no named branches
trunk, thyrocervical
subclavian a., 1st part
inferior thyroid a., transverse cervical a., suprascapular a.
lower neck, posterior shoulder, thyroid gland
anterior ulnar recurrent a., posterior ulnar recurrent a., common interosseous a., palmar carpal br., dorsal carpal br., deep palmar br., superficial palmar arterial arch
medial side of the anterior forearm, posterior forearm, superficial palm, fingers
ulnar collateral, inferior
unnamed muscular branches
ulnar collateral, superior
unnamed muscular branches
ulnar recurrent, anterior
medial side of elbow and proximal ends of forearm flexor mm.
ulnar recurrent, posterior
unnamed muscular branches
medial side of the elbow, forearm flexor mm.
internal iliac a., anterior division
superior vesical aa., a. of the ductus deferens
superior part of the bladder; ductus deferens
internal pudendal a.
internal iliac a., anterior division
internal iliac a., anterior division; occasionally it arises from
numerous unnamed branches
subclavian a.(1st part)
spinal brs., muscular brs., anterior spinal a., posterior inferior cerebellar a., medullary brs., meningeal brs., basilar a.
deep neck, cervical spinal cord, spinal cord; medulla (dorsal motor nucleus of cranial nerve X, nucleus ambiguus, spinal accessory vesical,
inferiorinternal iliac a., anterior division or it may arise from the
lower part of the urinary bladder, prostate/vagina
umbilical a. no named branches
no named branches
vesical, superior
superior aspect of the bladder
vestibule, bulb of
internal pudendal a.
bulb of the vestibule and associated tissues
Arteries of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes
anterior superior alveolar a. is located between the inner and outer tables of bone of inferior alveolar a. runs with the inferior alveolar nerve within the mandibular canalmiddle superior alveolar a. is located between the inner and outer tables of bone of the posterior superior alveolar a. enters the maxilla in the infratemporal fossaangular a. is the terminal branch of the facial a.anterior cecal a. supplies the ileocecal junctionthe anterior communicating a. unites the two anterior cerebral aa. across the midline
anterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the posterior circumflex humeral a.anterior communicating a. is a short vessel of anastomosis which crosses the midline to join the paired anterior cerebral aa.; it is part of anterior deep temporal a. branches in the infratemporal fossa and runs deep to temporalis anterior ethmoidal a. leaves the orbit through the anterior ethmoidal foramen, then runs forward on the shares its region of supply with branches of the basilar a.
anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the anterior anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the anterior
there are two anterior intercostal aa. per side per intercostal space, one coursing above and one coursing below each rib
anterior interosseous a. pierces the interosseous membrane at its distal end to reach the dorsal carpal anastomosisanterior lateral malleolar a. anastomoses with the posterior lateral malleolar a. and the anterior medial malleolar a. anastomoses with the posterior medial anterior radicular aa. anastomose with the anterior spinal a.
anterior spinal a. anastomoses with the anterior radicular brs. of the spinal rami of the vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar and lateral sacral aa.anterior superior alveolar a. is located between the inner and outer tables of bone of anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the anterior anterior tibial a. becomes continuous with the dorsalis pedis a.; the name change occurs at the level of the ankle jointanterior tibial recurrent a. anastomoses with the genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the anterior tympanic a. passes through the petrotympanic fissure along with the chorda anterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises in common with the posterior ulnar
abdominal aorta passes posterior to the diaphragm (aortic hiatus) at the level of the T12 vertebral body
ascending aorta is the shortest part of the aorta; it continues as the aortic archdescending thoracic aorta passes posterior to the diaphragm (aortic hiatus) at the level of the T12 vertebral body; it is continuous with the aortic arch continues as the descending thoracic aorta; the fibrous ligamentum arteriosum connects to the inferior surface of the aortic arch and it marks the location of the fetal ductus arteriosus aortic despite its variable origin, appendicular artery is nearly constant in its course posterior to the terminal part of the aortic arch continues as the descending thoracic aorta; the fibrous ligamentum arteriosum connects to the inferior surface of the aortic arch and it marks the location of the fetal ductus arteriosus aortic deep palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.dorsal carpal arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.plantar arterial arch anastomoses with the deep plantar br. of the dorsalis pedis a.
superficial palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the ulnar a.
arcuate a. anastomoses with the lateral tarsal a.
arcuate aa. of the kidney are numerousartery of the ductus deferens is also known as: deferential a.
Notes
artery to the atrioventricular node is located at the junction of the coronary sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcusartery to the sinuatrial node is important artery to locate during cardiac surgical proceduresascending aorta is the shortest part of the aorta; it continues as the aortic archascending cervical a. ascends on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene m. beside the ascending palatine a. shares supply of the tonsil bed with 4 other aa. (see also: tonsillar br. of the facial a., palatine br. of the ascending pharyngeal a., tonsillar br. of the ascending pharyngeal a. arises from the medial side of the external carotid a. close to the artery to the atrioventricular node is located at the junction of the coronary sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcusdeep auricular a. is small and difficult to dissectposterior auricular and greater occipital share their region of distributionpectoralis minor m. crosses anterior to the axillary artery and is used to delineate the 3 parts mentioned at left
basilar a. contributes blood to the cerebral arterial circle
brachial a. normally terminates at the level of the elbow, but high branching may occur
Notes
deep brachial a. spirals around the shaft of the humerus in the radial groove where it is susceptible to injury in there is only one brachiocephalic trunk
there are usually two left bronchial aa.right bronchial a. may arise from the left bronchial a.buccal a. runs with the buccal branch of CN Vartery of the bulb of the penis courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulbartery of the bulb of the vestibule courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulb
caroticotympanic a. courses through the petrous portion of the temporal bonecommon carotid a. bifurcates at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage; the internal carotid a. and the external carotid a. are its terminal brs.; the carotid sinus and external carotid a. is the primary blood supply to the face and superficial head; the maxillary a. and superficial temporal a. are its terminal internal carotid a. is the primary blood supply to the brain; it anastomoses with the vertebral aa. and the contralateral internal carotid a. in the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis); anterior and dorsal carpal arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.caudal pancreatic a. enters the tail of the pancreas near the hilum of the spleen; it may arise from the left anterior cecal a. supplies the ileocecal junction
posterior cecal a. supplies the ileocecal junctionceliac trunk supplies the foregut derivatives
central a. of the retina is the sole blood supply to the retina; it has no significant collateral circulation and blockage of this vessel leads to blindness; its branches anterior inferior cerebella a. shares its region of supply with branches of the basilar a.
posterior inferior cerebellar a. shares its region of supply with the vertebral a. and anterior spinal a. there may be more than one superior cerebellar a. arising from the basilar a. on each sidethe anterior communicating a. unites the two anterior cerebral aa. across the midline
also known as: arterial circle of Willis
the middle cerebral a. is the direct continuation of the internal carotid a.
the two posterior cerebral aa. are the terminal brs. of the basilar a.
ascending cervical a. ascends on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene m. beside the
deep cervical a. anastomoses with the occipital a. near the occipital bonetransverse cervical a. gives rise to the dorsal scapular a. ~30% of the timechoroidal a. follows the optic tractanterior ciliary aa. course deep to the conjunctiva to reach the region surrounding the posterior ciliary aa. may be classified as short (supplying the posterior eyeball) and lone (supplying the anterior eyeball); short and long posterior ciliary aa. are identical in their size circumflex a. courses in the atrioventricular (coronary) sulcuslateral circumflex femoral a. arises from the femoral a. in ~14% of casesmedial circumflex femoral a. arises from the femoral a. in ~20% of casesarises from the tibial a. before the tibial a. pierces the interosseous membraneanterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the posterior circumflex humeral a.posterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral a.; it passes through the quadrangular space deep circumflex iliac a. courses along the iliac crest on the inner surface of the superficial circumflex iliac a. crosses the upper thigh parallel to the inguinal ligamentcircumflex scapular a. anastomoses with the suprascapular a. and the dorsal scapular a. to form the scapular deep a. of the clitoris and dorsal a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal dorsal a. of the clitoris and deep a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal left colic a. anastomoses with the middle colic a and the sigmoid a.to form part of the
middle colic a. anastomoses with the right colic a. and the left colic a. to form part of right colic a. anastomoses with the ileocolic a. and the middle colic a. to form anastomoses with the anterior ulnar recurrent a.anastomoses with the interosseous recurrent a.travels with the radial nerve; anastomoses with the radial recurrent a.travels with the ulnar nerve; anastomoses with posterior ulnar recurrent a.common carotid a. bifurcates at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage; the internal carotid a. and the external carotid a. are its terminal brs.; the carotid sinus and common hepatic a. is one of three brs. of the celiac trunk (see also: left gastric a., splenic abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the L4 vertebral body to form the right and left common iliac aa.; the common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac common interosseous a. supplies the deep forearm flexor and deep forearm extensor common palmar digital aa. anastomose with palmar metacarpal aa.
anterior communicating a. is a short vessel of anastomosis which crosses the midline to join the paired anterior cerebral aa.; it is part of a vessel of anastomosis which connects the internal carotid a. to the posterior cerebral a.; part of the cerebral left coronary a. arises superior to the left cusp of the aortic semilunar valve; during its short course, it is located in the coronary sulcus; the anterior interventricular right coronary a. usually provides the posterior interventricular a.; it courses within the
Notes
costocervical trunk is located between the anterior scalene m. and the middle scalene m.; it arches posteriorly over the cervical parietal cremasteric a. is one of the contents of the spermatic cord; it anastomoses with the testicular artery distallycricothyroid a. travels with the external br. of the superior laryngeal n.
cystic a. arises from the right hepatic a. in ~72% of cases; other possible origins are noted at left and are clinically relevant during gall
deep brachial a. spirals around the shaft of the humerus in the radial groove where it is susceptible to injury in deep cervical a. anastomoses with the occipital a. near the occipital bonedeep external pudendal a. may arise from the medial circumflex femoral a.deep femoral a. is the primary blood supply to muscles of the posterior compartment of the thighdeep lingual a. is the terminal br. of the lingual a.deep palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.anastomoses with lateral plantar a. to form the plantar arterial arch; the branches mentioned at left arise deep a. of the clitoris and dorsal a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal deep a. of the penis and dorsal a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a.descending genicular a. anastomoses with the genicular brs. of the popliteal a.descending palatine a. accompanies the greater palatine n. within the palatine
Notes
common palmar digital aa. anastomose with palmar metacarpal aa.
proper palmar digital aa. supply the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment and nail bedproper plantar digital aa. supply the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment and nail beddorsal carpal arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.dorsal digital aa. do not supply the nail bed
dorsal digital aa. do not supply the nail bed
dorsal lingual a. is only one of five arteries that supply the tonsil bedeach dorsal metacarpal a. gives off a perforating br. that anastomoses with the deep palmar each dorsal metatarsal a. gives off a perforating br. that anastomoses with the plantar arterial dorsal nasal a. anastomoses with the angular a.right br.of the dorsal pancreatic a. anastomoses with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. dorsal scapular a. anastomoses with the suprascapular a. and the subscapular a. to form the scapular anastomosis; dorsal scapular a is a branch of dorsal a. of the clitoris and deep a. of the clitoris are the terminal brs. of the internal dorsal a. of the penis and deep a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a.dorsalis pedis a. anastomoses with the plantar arterial arch; the anterior tibial artery continues as the dorsalis pedis - the artery of the ductus deferens is also known as: deferential a.
Notes
inferior epigastric a. anastomoses with the superior epigastric a. within the rectus superficial epigastric a. is one of three superficial arteries that arise from the femoral a. (see also: superficial circumflex iliac a. and superior epigastric a. is the direct continuation of the internal thoracic a.; it s anastomoses with the inferior epigastric a. within the rectus there are usually two (sometimes 3) esophageal brs. off of the aorta; the left gastric a. gives esophageal brs. that ascend to supply the abdominal esophagus and lowest part of the thoracic esophagus; anterior ethmoidal a. leaves the orbit through the anterior ethmoidal foramen, then runs forward on the posterior ethmoidal a. leaves the orbit through the posterior ethmoidal foramenexternal carotid a. is the primary blood supply to the face and superficial head; the maxillary a. and superficial temporal a. are its terminal external iliac a. is continuous with the femoral a., the name change occurs at the inguinal ligament; the common iliac artery deep external pudendal a. may arise from the medial circumflex femoral a.superficial external pudendal a. is one of three superficial branches of the femoral a. near the inguinal ligament (see also: superficial circumflex
the angular branch of the facial a. anastomoses with the ophthalmic a.
Notes
transverse facial a. anastomoses with branches of the buccal, infraorbital and facial femoral a. is continuous with the popliteal a., the name change occurs at the adductor hiatus
deep femoral a. is the primary blood supply to muscles of the posterior compartment of the thighlateral circumflex femoral a. arises from the femoral a. in ~14% of casesmedial circumflex femoral a. arises from the femoral a. in ~20% of casesfibular a. anastomoses at the ankle with the anterior and posterior tibial aa.; also known as: peroneal a.
left gastric a. anastomoses with the right gastric a. on the lesser curvature of the stomach; it also anastomoses with the right gastric a. anastomoses with the left gastric a. on the lesser curvature of the short gastric aa. reach the stomach by passing through the gastrosplenic ligament; they are usually 4-5 in left gastro-omental a. anastomoses with the right gastro-omental a. near the greater curvature of the stomach; also known as: right gastro-omental a anastomoses with the left gastro-omental a. near the greater curvature of the stomach; also known as: gastroduodenal a. supplies the lowest portion of the foregut and its derivatives
descending genicular a. anastomoses with the genicular brs. of the popliteal a.
Notes
inferior lateral genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent a. to form the genicular inferior medial genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent middle genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent superior lateral genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent superior medial genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent inferior gluteal a. participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomoses of superior gluteal a. participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomoses of great anterior radicular a. anastomoses with the anterior spinal a. at lower thoracic or upper lumbar spinal cord levels
greater palatine a. accompanies the greater palatine n., it is endangered by anesthetic injections for
common hepatic a. supplies some of the foregut derivatives
left hepatic a. supplies the liver parenchyma and stroma; an aberrant left hepatic a. may arise from the left gastric a.
Notes
proper hepatic a. supplies the foregut derivatives associated with the liver budright hepatic a. supplies the liver parenchyma and stromahighest intercostal a. is also known as: supreme intercostal a.
anterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the posterior circumflex humeral a.posterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral a.; it passes through the quadrangular space
colic br. of the ileocolic a. participates in the formation of the marginal a.abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the L4 vertebral body to form the right and left common iliac aa.; the common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac external iliac a. is continuous with the femoral a., the name change occurs at the inguinal ligament; the common iliac artery common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac articulation to form the internal iliac a. and the external iliac a.
lumbar br. of the iliolumbar a. sends a small spinal br. into the vertebral canalinferior alveolar a. runs with the inferior alveolar nerve within the mandibular canalinferior epigastric m. anastomoses with the superior epigastric m. within the rectus inferior gluteal a. participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomoses of
inferior labial a. shares its region of distribution with branches of the mental a.inferior laryngeal a. accompanies the inferior laryngeal n.inferior lateral genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent a. to form the genicular inferior medial genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent branches of the inferior mesenteric a anastomose in the marginal arteryinferior pancreatic a. may be imbedded in the substance of the gland
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. supplies both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower duodenum and lower inferior phrenic a. is the first abdominal branch of the aorta; it may arise from the celiac trunkinferior rectal a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a. and the superior rectal a.inferior suprarenal a. may anastomose with the superior suprarenal a.inferior thyroid a. gives rise to the ascending cervical a. as it arches mediallyanastomoses with the anterior ulnar recurrent a.inferior vesical a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a.
infraorbital a. is one of four terminal branches of the maxillary a. (see also: descending palatine a., sphenopalatine a., there are two anterior intercostal aa. per side per intercostal space, one coursing above and one coursing below each rib
Notes
highest intercostal a. is also known as: supreme intercostal a.
posterior intercostal aa. supply the lateral and posterior portions of the intercostal space; anterior intercostal aa. supply the anterior portions of the internal carotid a. is the primary blood supply to the brain; it anastomoses with the vertebral aa. and the contralateral internal carotid a. in the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis); anterior and common iliac artery bifurcates anterior to the sacroiliac articulation to form the internal iliac a. and the external iliac a.
internal pudendal a. is the primary blood supply to the perineum
internal thoracic a. is also known as: internal mammary a.
interosseous recurrent a. anastomoses with the middle collateral a.
anterior interosseous a. pierces the interosseous membrane at its distal end to reach the dorsal carpal anastomosiscommon interosseous a. supplies the deep forearm flexor and deep forearm extensor posterior interosseous a. passes proximal to the interosseous membrane to reach the extensor compartment of the forearm
intestinal aa. are 12-15 in number and are found in the mesentery
inferior labial a. shares its region of distribution with branches of the mental a.posterior labial a. courses through the superficial perineal superior labial a. supplies the orbicularis oris m. and the levator labii superioris m.labyrinthine a. accompanies cranial nerves VII and VIII through the internal lacrimal a. accompanies the lacrimal n.inferior laryngeal a. accompanies the inferior laryngeal n.superior laryngeal a. penetrates the thyrohyoid membrane in company with the internal br. of the mammary gland is a specialization of the skin and is supplied by superficial (cutaneous) lateral nasal a. anastomoses with the dorsal nasal a.the 2 lateral palpebral aa. anastomose with the two medial palpebral aa. to form the superior and inferior palpebral lateral plantar a. becomes continuous with the plantar arterial arch
there are usually 2 lateral sacral aa. on each side, a superior one and an inferior onelateral tarsal a. anastomoses with the arcuate a.lateral thoracic a. is a rare case in that it enters the serratus anterior from its there are usually two left bronchial aa.left colic a. anastomoses with the middle colic a and the sigmoid a.to form part of the left coronary a. arises superior to the left cusp of the aortic semilunar valve; during its short course, it is located in the coronary sulcus; the anterior interventricular left gastric a. anastomoses with the right gastric a. on the lesser curvature of the stomach; it also anastomoses with the
Notes
left gastro-omental a. anastomoses with the right gastro-omental a. near the greater curvature of the stomach; also known as: left hepatic a. supplies the liver parenchyma and stroma; an aberrant left hepatic a. may arise from the left gastric a.lesser palatine a. is endangered by anesthetic injections for dental procedureslingual a. is the 2nd branch off of the anterior side of the external carotid a.; it may arise in common deep lingual a. is the terminal br. of the lingual a.dorsal lingual a. is only one of five arteries that supply the tonsil bedthe 4 lumbar arteries on each side arise from the posterior surface of the aorta at the level of vertebrae L1-L4; they course posterior to the
anterior lateral malleolar a. anastomoses with the posterior lateral malleolar a. and the anterior medial malleolar a. anastomoses with the posterior medial posterior lateral malleolar a. anastomoses with the anterior lateral posterior medial malleolar a. anastomoses with the anterior medial mammary gland is a specialization of the skin and is supplied by superficial (cutaneous) mammary gland is a specialization of the skin and is supplied by superficial (cutaneous) an important anastomosis for the large intestine
masseteric a. passes through the mandibular notch to enter the deep surface of the masseter maxillary a. may course medial or lateral to the lateral pterygoid m.
mammary gland is a specialization of the skin and is supplied by superficial (cutaneous) the 2 medial palpebral aa. anastomose with the two lateral palpebral aa. to form the superior & inferior palpebral medial plantar a. anastomoses with the plantar metatarsal aa., but does not usually participate in formation of the plantar arterial medial tarsal aa. are 2-3 in number; they anastomose with the medial malleolar aa.median sacral a. appears to be the continuation of the abdominal aorta in the median plane, although middle meningeal a. passes through the foramen spinosum; it may be torn by a fracture at the pterion; it is encircled by the mental a.passes through the mental foramen; it anastomoses with the inferior labial a.; it accompanies the mental branches of the inferior mesenteric a anastomose in the marginal arterysuperior mesenteric a. supplies the midgut derivatives; brs. of the superior mesenteric a. participate in formation each dorsal metacarpal a. gives off a perforating br. that anastomoses with the deep palmar palmar metacarpal aa. join with the common palmar digital aa.each dorsal metatarsal a. gives off a perforating br. that anastomoses with the plantar arterial
Notes
plantar metatarsal aa.anastomose with dorsal metatarsal aa.
the middle cerebral a. is the direct continuation of the internal carotid a.
middle colic a. anastomoses with the right colic a. and the left colic a. to form part of anastomoses with the interosseous recurrent a.middle genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent middle meningeal a. passes through the foramen spinosum; it may be torn by a fracture at the pterion; it is encircled by the middle rectal a. anastomoses with the inferior rectal a and the superior rectal a.middle superior alveolar a. is located between the inner and outer tables of bone of the middle suprarenal a. anastomoses with the superior suprarenal a. and the inferior middle temporal a. anastomoses with the posterior br. of the deep temporal a.musculophrenic a. supplies muscles that develop in the septum transversummylohyoid a. accompanies the mylohyoid n. to the mylohyoid m.; a rare artery because it enters the superficial surface
dorsal nasal a. anastomoses with the angular a.lateral nasal a. anastomoses with the dorsal nasal a.artery to the atrioventricular node is located at the junction of the coronary sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcus
Notes
Notes
sinuatrial nodal a. is an important artery to locate during cardiac surgical procedures
anterior and posterior brs. pass on the anterior and posterior sides of the adductor brevis m.; aberrant obturator a. arises from the inferior occipital a. anastomoses with the deep cervical a.; it courses with the greater occipital nerve on the posterior surface artery of the bulb of the penis courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulbartery of the bulb of the vestibule courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulbophthalmic a. provides the only artery to the retina (central retinal a.)
ovarian a. anastomoses with the uterine a.
ascending palatine a. shares supply of the tonsil bed with 4 other aa. (see also: tonsillar br. of the facial a., palatine br. of the ascending pharyngeal a., tonsillar br. of the descending palatine a. accompanies the greater palatine n. within the palatine greater palatine a. accompanies the greater palatine n., it is endangered by anesthetic injections for lesser palatine a. is endangered by anesthetic injections for dental proceduresdeep palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the radial a.
superficial palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the ulnar a.
common palmar digital aa. anastomose with palmar metacarpal aa.
proper palmar digital aa. supply the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment and nail bedpalmar metacarpal aa. join with the common palmar digital aa.the 2 lateral palpebral aa. anastomose with the two medial palpebral aa. to form the superior and inferior palpebral the 2 medial palpebral aa. anastomose with the two lateral palpebral aa. to form the superior & inferior palpebral caudal pancreatic a. enters the tail of the pancreas near the hilum of the spleen; it may arise from the left right br.of the dorsal pancreatic a. anastomoses with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. inferior pancreatic a. may be imbedded in the substance of the gland
superior pancreatic aa. are multiple small brs. arising from the splenic a.pancreatic magna is the largest pancreatic branch to arise from the splenic a.; it enters the pancreas at the junction of its middle 1/3 and left anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the anterior anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. supplies both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower duodenum and lower
posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the posterior pancreatic arcadeposterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the posterior pancreatic arcadepectoral a. accompanies the lateral pectoral n.deep a. of the penis and dorsal a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a.dorsal a. of the penis and deep a. of the penis are the terminal brs. of the internal pudendal a.artery of the bulb of the penis courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulbpericardiacophrenic a. accompanies the phrenic n.pericardial a. courses on the external surface of the pericardial sac
perineal a. courses superficial to the superficial transverse perineus m.; it courses arises from the medial side of the external carotid a. close to the birfurcationinferior phrenic a. is the first abdominal branch of the aorta; it may arise from the celiac trunksuperior phrenic a. anastomoses with the musculophrenic a. and the pericardiacophrenic plantar arterial arch anastomoses with the deep plantar br. of the dorsalis pedis a.
plantar metatarsal aa.anastomose with dorsal metatarsal aa.
anastomoses with lateral plantar a. to form the plantar arterial arch; the branches mentioned at left arise lateral plantar a. becomes continuous with the plantar arterial arch
medial plantar a. anastomoses with the plantar metatarsal aa., but does not usually participate in formation of the plantar arterial the popliteal a. is the continuation of the femoral a., the name change occurs at the posterior auricular and greater occipital share their region of distributionposterior cecal a. supplies the ileocecal junctionthe two posterior cerebral aa. are the terminal brs. of the basilar a.
posterior circumflex humeral a. anastomoses with the anterior circumflex humeral a.; it passes through the quadrangular space a vessel of anastomosis which connects the internal carotid a. to the posterior cerebral a.; part of the cerebral posterior deep temporal a. branches in the infratemporal fossa and runs deep to temporalis posterior ethmoidal a. leaves the orbit through the posterior ethmoidal foramenposterior inferior cerebellar a. shares its region of supply with the vertebral a. and anterior spinal a. posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the posterior pancreatic arcadeposterior intercostal aa. supply the lateral and posterior portions of the intercostal space; anterior intercostal aa. supply the anterior portions of the posterior interosseous a. passes proximal to the interosseous membrane to reach the extensor compartment of the forearm
posterior labial a. courses through the superficial perineal
posterior lateral malleolar a. anastomoses with the anterior lateral posterior medial malleolar a. anastomoses with the anterior medial posterior radicular aa. accompany the dorsal rootlets; they anastomose with the posterior spinal aa.
posterior scrotal a. passes superficial to the superficial transverse perineus m.posterior septal a. supplies the mucous membrane of the nasal septumpaired; posterior spinal aa. anastomose with the posterior radicular brs. of the spinal rami of the vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar and lateral sacral aa.
posterior superior alveolar a. enters the maxilla in the infratemporal fossaposterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a. anastomoses with the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. to form the posterior pancreatic arcadeposterior tibial a. is the direct continuation of the popliteal a. the name change occurs at the inferior border of the popliteus m. where the popliteal a. bifurcates; the tibial a. bifurcates on the medial anastomoses with the other genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the genicular anastomosisposterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises from a common trunk with the anterior ulnar arteria princeps pollicis is similar in function to a proper digital aa.; this artery has a large pulse which can be felt when attempting to take the pulse of a patient - use
Notes
Notes
proper hepatic a. supplies the foregut derivatives associated with the liver budproper palmar digital aa. supply the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment and nail bedproper plantar digital aa. supply the dorsum of the distal phalangeal segment and nail beddeep external pudendal a. may arise from the medial circumflex femoral a.internal pudendal a. is the primary blood supply to the perineum
superficial external pudendal a. is one of three superficial branches of the femoral a. near the inguinal ligament (see also: superficial circumflex the pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the right and left pulmonary aa.; each pulmonary a. carries deoxygenated blood to the hilum of one lung; bronchial aa. supply oxygenated blood to the tissues of the lung as far
blockage of the quadrigeminal a. results in paralysis of the superior oblique m. of
radial a. provides the majority of blood supply to the deep palmar arterial arch; normally it arises at the level of the elbow but may high branching of the brachial a. may result in travels with the radial nerve; anastomoses with the radial recurrent a.
radial recurrent a. anastomoses with the radial collateral a.; it courses in the groove between the brachioradialis m. and arteria radialis indicis is equivalent to a proper digital a.anterior radicular aa. anastomose with the anterior spinal a.
great anterior radicular a. anastomoses with the anterior spinal a. at lower thoracic or upper lumbar spinal cord levels
posterior radicular aa. accompany the dorsal rootlets; they anastomose with the posterior spinal aa.
inferior rectal a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a. and the superior rectal a.middle rectal a. anastomoses with the inferior rectal a and the superior rectal a.superior rectal a. is the continuation of the inferior mesenteric a. after the sigmoid brs. are given off; it anastomoses with the middle rectal a. and the anterior tibial recurrent a. anastomoses with the genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the anterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises in common with the posterior ulnar interosseous recurrent a. anastomoses with the middle collateral a.
anastomoses with the other genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the genicular anastomosisposterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises from a common trunk with the anterior ulnar
Notes
radial recurrent a. anastomoses with the radial collateral a.; it courses in the groove between the brachioradialis m. and the right renal a. is longer than the left renal artery; the right renal artery passes posterior to the inferior vena cava
retroduodenal aa. arise as multiple small brs.right colic a. anastomoses with the ileocolic a. and the middle colic a. to form right coronary a. usually provides the posterior interventricular a.; it courses within the right gastric a. anastomoses with the left gastric a. on the lesser curvature of the right gastro-omental a anastomoses with the left gastro-omental a. near the greater curvature of the stomach; also known as: right hepatic a. supplies the liver parenchyma and stroma
there are usually 2 lateral sacral aa. on each side, a superior one and an inferior onemedian sacral a. appears to be the continuation of the abdominal aorta in the median plane, although circumflex scapular a. anastomoses with the suprascapular a. and the dorsal scapular a. to form the scapular dorsal scapular a. anastomoses with the suprascapular a. and the subscapular a. to form the scapular anastomosis; dorsal scapular a is a branch of posterior scrotal a. passes superficial to the superficial transverse perineus m.posterior septal a. supplies the mucous membrane of the nasal septum
short gastric aa. reach the stomach by passing through the gastrosplenic ligament; they are usually 4-5 in sigmoid aa. are 2-3 in number; they anastomose with the left colic a. to help form the sinuatrial nodal a. is an important artery to locate during cardiac surgical proceduressphenopalatine a. accompanies the nasopalatine n.
the anterior spinal a. anastomoses with the anterior radicular brs. of the spinal rami of the vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar and lateral sacral aa.paired; posterior spinal aa. anastomose with the posterior radicular brs. of the spinal rami of the vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar and lateral sacral aa.
splenic a. courses through the substance of the pancreas near its superior border; splenic artery is very tortuousstylomastoid br. of the posterior auricular a. passes through the stylomastoid foramen in company with the facial subclavian a. is continuous with the axillary a., the name change occurs at the lateral border of the first rib; anterior scalene muscle passes subcostal a. is equivalent to a posterior intercostal a., but is named subcostal because it courses sublingual a. is one of three branches of the lingual a. (see also: dorsal lingual a., deep submental a. supplies the submandibular gland and the mylohyoid m. in addition to the skin and superficial
the circumflex scapular branch of the subscapular a.anastomoses with the suprascapular a. and the dorsal scapular a. in superficial epigastric a. is one of three superficial arteries that arise from the femoral a. (see also: superficial circumflex iliac a. and superficial external pudendal a. is one of three superficial branches of the femoral a. near the inguinal ligament (see also: superficial circumflex superficial palmar arterial arch receives the majority of its blood supply from the ulnar a.
superficial temporal a. and maxillary a. are the terminal branches of the external carotid a.
there may be more than one superior cerebellar a. arising from the basilar a. on each sidesuperior epigastric a. is the direct continuation of the internal thoracic a.; it s anastomoses with the inferior epigastric a. within the rectus superior gluteal a. participates in the formation of the cruciate anastomoses of superior labial a. supplies the orbicularis oris m. and the levator labii superioris m.superior laryngeal a. penetrates the thyrohyoid membrane in company with the internal br. of the superior lateral genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent superior medial genicular a. anastomoses with the other genicular brs. of the popliteal a., circumflex fibular a. and anterior tibial recurrent
superior mesenteric a. supplies the midgut derivatives; brs. of the superior mesenteric a. participate in formation superior pancreatic aa. are multiple small brs. arising from the splenic a.superior phrenic a. anastomoses with the musculophrenic a. and the pericardiacophrenic superior rectal a. is the continuation of the inferior mesenteric a. after the sigmoid brs. are given off; it anastomoses with the middle rectal a. and the superior suprarenal aa. are numerous small vessels that enter the suprarenal gland superior thoracic a. anastomoses with the intercostal aa. for intercostal spaces 1 and superior thyroid a. is usually the first branch of the external carotid a.
travels with the ulnar nerve; anastomoses with posterior ulnar recurrent a.superior vesical aa.arise from the umbilical a. proximal to where its lumen becomes supraduodenal a. supplies branches to both the anterior and posterior surfaces of the duodenumsupraorbital a. accompanies the supraorbital n.inferior suprarenal a. may anastomose with the superior suprarenal a.middle suprarenal a. anastomoses with the superior suprarenal a. and the inferior superior suprarenal aa. are numerous small vessels that enter the suprarenal gland anastomoses with the circumflex scapular a. and the dorsal scapular a. to form the scapular anastomosissupratrochlear a. accompanies the supratrochlear n.sural aa. are often confused with the inferior genicular aa. during dissection
Noteslateral tarsal a. anastomoses with the arcuate a.medial tarsal aa. are 2-3 in number; they anastomose with the medial malleolar aa.anterior deep temporal a. branches in the infratemporal fossa and runs deep to temporalis middle temporal a. anastomoses with the posterior br. of the deep temporal a.posterior deep temporal a. branches in the infratemporal fossa and runs deep to temporalis superficial temporal a. and maxillary a. are the terminal branches of the external carotid a.
testicular a. is one of the contents of the spermatic cord; the origin of the testicular a. from the aorta at the L2 vertebral level indicates the embryonic internal thoracic a. is also known as: internal mammary a.
lateral thoracic a. is a rare case in that it enters the serratus anterior from its superior thoracic a. anastomoses with the intercostal aa. for intercostal spaces 1 and thoracoacromial trunk pierces the costocoracoid membranethoracodorsal a. accompanies the thoracodorsal n.thyrocervical trunk does not give rise to the ascending cervical a.- it is a branch of the inferior thyroid a. gives rise to the ascending cervical a. as it arches mediallysuperior thyroid a. is usually the first branch of the external carotid a.
thyroidea ima a. is present in 10% of individuals; it is clinically significant because it is a midline artery in the region of anterior tibial recurrent a. anastomoses with the genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the anastomoses with the other genicular aa. to participate in the formation of the genicular anastomosisanterior tibial a. becomes continuous with the dorsalis pedis a.; the name change occurs at the level of the ankle jointposterior tibial a. is the direct continuation of the popliteal a. the name change occurs at the inferior border of the popliteus m. where the popliteal a. bifurcates; the tibial a. bifurcates on the medial transverse cervical a. gives rise to the dorsal scapular a. ~30% of the timetransverse facial a. anastomoses with branches of the buccal, infraorbital and facial there is only one brachiocephalic trunk
celiac trunk supplies the foregut derivatives
costocervical trunk is located between the anterior scalene m. and the middle scalene m.; it arches posteriorly over the cervical parietal the pulmonary trunk carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the right and left pulmonary aa.; each pulmonary a. carries deoxygenated blood to the hilum of one lung; bronchial aa. supply oxygenated blood to the tissues of the lung as far anterior tympanic a. passes through the petrotympanic fissure along with the chorda
Notes
Notes
thyrocervical trunk does not give rise to the ascending cervical a.- it is a branch of the
ulnar a. supplies the majority of blood to the superficial palmar arterial arch; it normally arises at the level of the elbow, but high branching of the brachial a. may cause anastomoses with the anterior ulnar recurrent a.travels with the ulnar nerve; anastomoses with posterior ulnar recurrent a.anterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises in common with the posterior ulnar posterior ulnar recurrent a. often arises from a common trunk with the anterior ulnar distal to the branches described at left, the lumen of the umbilical a. becomes obliterated after birth and the remnant of the vessel urethral a. branches off of the internal pudendal a. within the deep perineal spaceuterine a. anastomoses with the ovarian a. and the vaginal a.; it passes superior to the ureter in the pelvis; remember the saying "water under
anastomoses with the uterine a.; participates in the formation of the azygos arteries along the lateral surface of vertebral a. anastomoses with the internal carotid a. in the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis); it courses through the transverse inferior vesical a. anastomoses with the middle rectal a.
superior vesical aa.arise from the umbilical a. proximal to where its lumen becomes artery of the bulb of the vestibule courses within the deep perineal space to enter the deep surface of the bulb
Veins of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyVein Tributaries Drains Into Region Drained
angular forehead, nose
palm, anterior forearm
behind ear
azygos sup. vena cava
basilic
basilar plexus cavernous sinus
right atriumcardiac, great
coronary sinus
cardiac, small coronary sinus
orbit, brain
cephalic axillary lateral hand & forearm
union of supraorbital & supratrochlea
unites with superior labial v. to form facial
antebrachial, median
superficial veins of palm & anterior forearm
median cubital or basilic
auricular, posterior
unites with post. div. of retromandibular to form external jugular
union of ascending lumbar & subcostal; post. intercostals 11-2 (rt. sup. intercostal), hemiazygos, accessory hemiazygos,
lateral & post. abdominal/chest wall, esophagus, bronchial tree
dorsal veins of hand medially; superficial forearm vs.,
unites with brachial vs. to form axillary vein
medial hand & forearm superficially
superior & inferior petrosal
internal vertebral plexus
brachiocephalic
union of subclavian & internal jugular; vertebral, thymic, inferior thyroid, internal
left & right brachiocephalic unite to form sup. vena cava
head, neck, upper limb, anterior chest wall
cardiac, anterior surface of right ventricular vs., left marginal
unites with oblique v. of left atrium to form coronary sinus
heart near anterior interventricular sulcus
cardiac, middle
ventricular vs.
heart near posterior interventricular sulcusheart near inferior vena cava & right coronary sulcuscavernous
sinusessuperior ophthalmic v., middle cerebral vs., sphenoparietal sinus
sup. & inf. petrosal sinuses
dorsal veins of hand laterally; superficial vs. of forearmcerebral,
greatunion of paired internal cerebrals;
unites with inferior sagittal sinus to form straight sinus
deep portions of cerebrum
superior sagittal sinusvesical plexus
clitoris superficially
transverse sinuses brain
rt. atrium
cephaliccystic gall bladder
diploic bones of cranial vault
emissary
esophageal esophagus
internal jugular face & ant. scalp
gastric, left portal
gastric, right portalsplenic
superior mesenteric
hemiazygos azygos
azygos
cerebral, inferior
superior sagittal sinus, cavernous sinus, transverse sinus, superior petrosal sinus
frontal & temporal lobes inferiorly
cerebral, cerebral cortex of clitoris, deep dorsal
erectile bodies of clitoris
of clitoris, superficial dorsal
superficial & deep external pudendal vs.
confluens of sinuses
sup. sagittal sinus, straight sinus, coronary
sinusunion of great cardiac v. & oblique v. of left atrium; middle cardiac, small
heart except anterior cardiac vs. & venae cordis minimae
cubital, basilic (poss. median hand & forearm directly into liver at bed of gall bladder
veins of dipoe of skull
frontal diploic, ant. & post. temporal diploic, occipital diploic are formed, draining to nearby veins or dural dorsal venous
arch of footdorsal digital vs.
great saphenous medially, small saphenous laterally
dorsum of digits & foot superficially
dorsal venous arch of hand
dorsal metacarpal vs.
cephalic laterally, basilic medially
dorsum of digits & hand superficially
connect scalp vs. with dural sinuses; 4 named emissary vs.: parietal, mastoid, occipital & condylarazygos & hemiazygos vs.
facial, common
union of ant. div. of retromandibular & facial lesser curvature of
stomach, lower esophagus
lesser curvature of gastro-omental, left
gastric & omental brs.
greater curvature of stomach & greater omentumgastro-
omental, rightgastric & omental brs.
greater curvature of stomach & greater omentumunion of left
ascending lumbar & subcostal vs.; left post. intercostal vs. 11-9 or 8,
lower posterolateral chest wall on left side
hemiazygos, accessory
left posterior intercostal vs. 4-7 or 8, left bronchial vs., esophageal
middle posterolateral chest wall on left side
hepatic, left inferior vena cava
inferior vena cava
hepatic, right inferior vena cava
intercostal spaces 2-4
external jugular
subclavian head & neck, shoulder
post. abdominal wall
dorsal digital digits of hand dorsallydorsal digital digits of foot dorsally
confluens of sinuses cerebellum
superior ophthalmic lower portion of orbit
cavernous sinus
ovarian
lateral segment & superior portion of medial segment of left lobe of liverhepatic,
middleinferior portion of medial segment of left lobe of liver, & inf. part of ant. segment of right posterior segment & superior portion of anterior segment of right lobe of liverintercostal,
posteriorspinal trib., posterior trib., collateral trib., lateral cutaneous
1st: brachiocephalic; 2nd-4th: superior intercostal; right 5th-11th: azygos; left 5th-7th or 8th: accessory hemiazygos; left 9th-
intercostal space & muscles & adjacent ribs, spinal cord segment & vertebra
intercostal, superior
2nd-4th posterior intercostal
right: arch of azygos; left: left brachiocephalic
jugular, anterior
submental, communicating
anterior neck superficially
jugular, external
union of posterior division of retromandibular & posterior auricular; post. external jugular, transverse
jugular, internal
union of sigmoid & inferior petrosal sinus; pharyngeal vs., lingual, common facial,
brain & skull, face, viscera of neck
lumbar, lumbar vs. 1- right: azygos; left: mesenteric, inferior
superior rectal, sigmoid vs., left colic
splenic (or superior mesenteric)
gut from splenic flexure distally
metacarpal, dorsal venous arch of metatarsal, dorsal venous arch of oblique, of left atrium
unites with great cardiac to form coronary sinus
left auricle & adjacent portion of left atrium
occipital sinusophthalmic, inferiorophthalmic, superior
nasofrontal, ant. & post. ethmoid, ciliary vs., central retinal,
eyeball, superior portion of orbit, ethmoid sinuses
right: inferior vena cava; left: left renal
ovary & distal uterine tube, ureter
testis
portal
superior mesenteric
paraumbilical
prostatic venous plexus erectile tissue of penis
sigmoid sinus orbit & brain
internal jugular v. orbit & brain
internal jugular pharynxportal
scalp behind ear
prepyloric right gastric pylorus of stomach
internal iliac penis & prostate
femoral
great saphenous
internal iliac
pulmonary left atrium lungs
pampiniform plexus
becomes testicular vein deep to deep inguinal ring
pancreaticoduodenal, posterior superior
posterior part of head of pancreas & 1st & 2nd part of duodenum posteriorlypancreaticod
uodenal, inferior
ant. & post. inferior pancreaticoduodenal
lower part of duodenum & head of pancreas
pancreaticoduodenal, anterior
unites with right gastro-omental to drain to superior mesenteric
upper duodendum & head of pancreas anteriorlyumbilical part of left
branch of portal veinfalciform ligament, round ligament of liver
of penis, deep dorsalof penis, superficial dorsal
superficial & deep external pudendal
superficial tissues of penis
petrosal sinus, superior
cavernous sinus
petrosal sinus, inferior
cavernous sinus
pharyngeal union of superior mesenteric & splenic; post. sup. pancreaticod
right & left branches of portal, into liver sinusoids
connects with caval drainage at 1) esophagus, 2) rectum, 3) umbilicus, 4) retroperitoneal gut structuresposterior
auricularunites with posterior division of retromandibular to form external jugular
prostatic plexus
deep dorsal v. of penis
pudendal, deep external
portion of superficial dorsal v. of penis/clitoris
superficial penis/clitoris, pubic region
pudendal, superficial external
portion of superficial dorsal v. of penis/clitoris
superficial penis/clitoris, pubic region
pudendal, internal
deep v. of clitoris/penis, v. of bulb, post. labial/scrotal, inferior rectal
crus & bulb of clitoris/penis, urogenital triangle, anal triangle
renal, left inferior vena cava
renal, right inferior vena cava right kidney
confluens of sinuses cerebral hemispheres
femoral
popliteal
internal jugular v. brain
small cardiac coronary sinus
straight sinus confluens of sinuses deep cerebrum
suprarenal suprarenal gland
testicular testis, ureter
lateral body wall
left brachiocephalic thyroid gland inferiorlyinternal jugular thyroid gland laterallyinternal jugular thyroid gland superiorlysigmoid sinuses brain
left ovarian/testicular, left suprarenal, poss. left inferior
left ovary/testes, left ureter, left kidney, left suprarenal, left part of diaphragm
retromandibular
union of superficial temporal & maxillary
ant. & post. divisions of retromandibular; ant. division unites with facial to form common facial, post. division unites with post. auricular to form
sagittal sinus, inferior
superior cerebral vs.
unites with great cerebral v. to form straight sinus
cerebral hemispheres medially
sagittal sinus, superior
superior cerebral vs.
saphenous, greater
dorsal venous arch of foot mediallly, perforating communications, superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex iliac,
superficial medial lower limb, lower abdominal wall, pudendal region
saphenous, lesser
dorsal venous arch of foot laterally
superficial lateral foot & leg
sigmoid sinuses
transverse sinuses, superior petrosal right atrium & ventricle
near inferior vena cavainf. sagittal sinus & great cerebral vein left: left renal, usually in
joined by left inferior phrenic; right: inferior vena cavapampiniform
plexus, ureteric tribs.
left: left renal; right: inferior vena cava
thoracoepigastric
lateral thoracic or axillary
thyroid, thyroid, thyroid, superior transverse sinuses
confluens of sinuses, inferior cerebral vs.
rt. atrium body below diaphragm
rt. atrium
maxillary
rectal plexus rectum & anus
uterus & uterine tube
lingual tongue
chambers of heart walls of heart chambers
adjacent segmental vs.
adjacent segmental vs.
vesical plexus urinary bladder
vena cava, inferior
union of paired common iliacs; lumbar vs. 4-1, rt. ovarian/testicular, renal vs., rt. suprarenal,
vena cava, superior
union of paired brachiocephalics; azygos
body above diaphragm except for pulmonary vs. & heart
pterygoid plexus
descending palatine, sphenopalatine, infraorbital, posterior superior alveolar, ant. & post. deep temporal, middle
meninges, nasal cavity, infratemporal fossa
superior, middle & inferior rectal
uterine plexus
uterine vs. to internal iliac
vaginal plexus
vaginal v. to internal iliac or uterine
connects with uterine & vesical plexus
vena comitans nervi venae cordis minimaevertebral plexus, external
vertebral column & associated muscles
vertebral plexus, internal
spinal cord, meninges, vertebral column
superior & inferior vesical vs. to internal iliac
Veins of the Body - Listed AlphabeticallyNotes
variable in size
connects with occipital
connects with superior & inferior ophthalmic vs.
may connect with inf. vena cava; arch of azygos passes sup. to root of lung (Greek, a- = not + zygon = yoke, therefore unyoked or unpaired, as the azygos vein)
connects with deep veins of forearm
variable, connects with other small sinuses nearbyat its origin, left brachiocephalic receives thoracic duct, right receives right lymphatic duct (Latin, brachio- = arm + cephalic = head)
lies within dura mater beside body of sphenoid bone
median cubital usually shunts some blood to basilic
a.k.a. coronary v.
lies on occipital bone within junction of falx cerebri & tentorium cerebelli(Latin, coronary = crown)
these multiple small vs. drain gall bladder directly into liverconnect with dural sinuses & meningeal vs.
connect with esophageal brs. of left gastric, forming potential portal-caval anastomosis
connects with esophageal vs., forming portal-caval anastomosis (esophageal varices
connects with angular v.
connects with uterine v.
(Latin, jugulum = throat)(Latin, jugulum = throat)
(Latin, jugulum = throat)
connects adjacent courses lateral to 4th part of duodenum
lies within dura mater at base of falx cerebelliconnects with pterygoid plexus through inf. orbital fissure
surrounds testicular art. to cool arterial blood reaching testis (Latin, pampiniform = tendril-like + plexus = a braid)connects with posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal
connects with ant. & post. superior pancreaticoduodenal
connects with ant. inferior pancreaticoduodendalpotential site of portal-caval anastomosis; blood may pass retrogradely into body wall veins near umbilicus, creating
lies on petrous ridge within dura mater at attachment of tentorium cerebellilies within dura mater at medial end of petrous temporalconnects with pterygoid
helpful in locating pyloric region of stomachconnects with vesical plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)
usually two pulmonary vs. per side, sup. & inf., empty into left atrium
crosses abdominal aorta under the origin of superior mesenteric art.
lies on corpus callosum in free margin of falx cerebrilies superiorly within falx cerebri; lacunae receive arachnoid granulations(Greek, saphenous = clearly visible)
(Greek, saphenous = clearly visible)lies within sigmoid groove covered by dura mater (Greek, sigmoid = resembles the greek
lies within junction of falx cerebri & tentorium cerebelli
connects with superficial circumflex iliac & superficial epigastric, and can
lies within attachment of tentorium cerebelli to inner cranial vault
(Latin, plexus = a braid)
connects with cavernous sinus & pharyngeal plexus (Greek, pterygoid = wing-shaped)
site of portal-systemic anastomosis (Latin, plexus = a braid)connects with ovarian v. & vaginal plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)
connects with internal vertebral plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)connects with external vertebral plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)connects with prostatic & rectal plexus or uterine & vaginal plexus (Latin, plexus = a braid)