GROUND WATER GOVERNANCE

Issues Covered

Ground Reality

Case of Punjab

Case of Gujarat

Case of Dindigul,

Tamil Nadu

Case of Jaunpur,

U.P.

Govt.Policies

Water Conservat

ion

Agenda

Lack of Institution

Tragedy of Commons

Social Capital

Health Hazards

State Policies

Transaction Costs

ISSUES COVERED

Issues Covered

Ground Reality

Case of Punjab

Case of Gujarat

Case of Dindigul,

Tamil Nadu

Case of Jaunpur,

U.P.

Govt.Policies

Water Conservat

ion

Agenda

CURRENT SITUATION

NEED OF HOUR

What are the contributing factors to the problem of Ground Water Exploitation ?

What are the Effective State Policies proposed by Government ?

How can we improve the ground water levels ?

Introduction: About ground

water

Ground Reality

Case of Punjab

Case of Gujarat

Case of Jaunpur, U.P.

Case of Dindigul, Tamil

Nadu

Govt.Policies

Water Conservation

Agenda

Indus Peneplain in Central Punjab, India :Why are we studying?

The central part of Punjab provides an example of successful “state policy approach”

Indus Peneplain in Central Punjab, India

Agricultural success

Depletion rates – 0.6-1 m/year

Drastic Increase in number of Tube Wells

Exploitation beyond the Critical level > 98%

WHY?

CONSEQUENCES

Map and cross-section of Punjab peneplain with different recharge areas and

water level trend

Indus Peneplain in Central Punjab, India :State Policy Approach

Highly successful, limited farmer resistance

Water Saving to an extent of 50-60%,

Electrical energy saving

State Govt.’s Ordinance to prohibit transplantation of

paddy rice until the onset of monsoon

Approach

Results

Incorporation into Punjab Preservation of Sub-soil

Water of 2009

Introduction: About

ground water

Ground Reality

Case of Punjab

Case of Gujarat

Case of Jaunpur,

U.P.

Case of Dindigul,

Tamil Nadu

Govt.Policies

Water Conservat

ion

Agenda

Case of Mehsana, Gujarat

Health Hazard : Fluorosis

Inefficient state policy

Issues

What needs to be done?

• Set up cooperative captive water treatment plants run by locals

• Subsidized power only for the poor farmers• Permits for setting up borewells and tubewells

Societal aspect of groundwater

Ratanpur Paldi

Hydrology Free standing commodity

Associated with sharecropping

Caste composition Negligible Stratification of castes

Water transactions Institutionalized Bilateral agreements

Sharing of benefits Small farmers Large farmers

Introduction: About

ground water

Ground Reality

Case of Gujarat

Case of Punjab

Case of Dindigul,

Tamil Nadu

Case of Jaunpur,

U.P

Govt.Policies

Cultural Value of Water

Agenda

Overcoming Groundwater Recharge Problem Dindigul District Case

Weathered crystalline

aquifer

Limited Soil infiltration capacity

Rainfall runs off the surface rather than groundwater recharge

The Issue

Population Growth

dry-season irrigated agriculture

Falling GW Levels

Drinking Water

Problem

Need of an Integrated Approach?

Introduction: About

ground water

Ground Reality

Case of Gujarat

Case of Punjab

Case of Dindigul,

Tamil Nadu

Case of Jaunpur,

U.P.

Govt.Policies

Water Conservat

ion

Agenda

Two modes of recharge – 1.Direct(infiltrating monsoon) 2.Indirect(surface water)

Aquifer system of layered sand-silt deposits in Uttar Pradesh state

Extensive system with

around 600 m thick deposits

The Issue

Two major contrasting problems

Canal leakage (rising water table)

Flood irrigation (falling water table)

water logging & salinization

IS THAT ALL ??What about Health

Hazards ?

Issues CaseMehsana,

GujaratIndus

Peneplain,Punjab

Jaunpur, U.P Dindigul, T.N.

LACK OF INSTITUTIONS TRAGEDY OF COMMONS LACK OF SOCIAL CAPITAL

STATE POLICIES

HEALTH HAZARDS TRANSACTION COSTS

Introduction: About

ground water

Ground Reality

Case of Gujarat

Case of Punjab

Case of Dindigul,

Tamil Nadu

Case of Jaunpur,

U.P.

Govt.Policies

Cultural Value of Water

Agenda

What are the Steps taken by the Government ??

Government PropositionsNational Water Policy (1987, 2002, 2012)

Enhancing Water

Availability

Incentivize efficient GW use

Encourage community based

management

Artificial recharging projects

Demand Management

Small local level irrigation through small bunds, field

ponds

Monitoring water use pattern to

check unacceptable

depletion of GW

GW Pricing

Reverse under-pricing of electricity

Separate electric feeders for GW

irrigation

National Water Policy 2012

Institutional Arrangements

Integrated Water Resources Management

(IWRM)

Centre/State Government departments need to be

restructured

Research & Training

National Water Informatics Centre

A re-training programme for water planners and

managers

An autonomous centre for research in water policy

Water needs to be managed as a community resource held, by the state to achieve food security, livelihood, and equitable and sustainable development for all

Treat water as an economic good

Rain Water Harvesting

Techniques: Pits Trenches Dug wells Hand Pumps Recharge wells

An Artificial Recharge to groundwater

Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation and storage of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer

Indian Context: Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Kerala Rajasthan Maharashtra

Rainfall available

for Harvest

Total Roof area (in Sq. m)

Average rainfall of the area

Coefficient (80%)

Rain Water Harvest (RWH) Potential

RWH potential = Rainfall available for Harvest/daily water requirement

Special panchayats/Municipalities/Corporations help the citizens in implementing the system more effectively

A common Responsibility

??The Question that we face??

Will the RWH system provide for water needs throughout the year?

NO Depends on the amount of rainfall, need for household, size of tank, area of the

roof and Sufficient only for a certain period of time

WATER CONSERVATION

Introduction: About

ground water

Ground Reality

Case of Gujarat

Case of Punjab

Case of Jaunpur,

U.P.

Case of Dindigul,

Tamil Nadu

Govt. Policies

Water Conserva

tion

Agenda

Literature

Source: Thirukkural, Chapter 2 written in 2nd Century B.C.Quoted in website of Tamil Nadu Water Authority & Development Board

Source :Quoted in website of Ministry of water resources, Government of India

Explanation:If it is said to that the duties of life cannot be discharged by any person without water, so without rain there cannot be flowing of water

நீரி�ன்றுஅமை�யாதுஉலகுஎனி�ன்யார்யார்க்கும் வானி�ன்றுஅமை�யாதுஒழுக்கு

- Thiruvalluvar

Issues Proposed Solutions

LACK OF INSTITUTIONS Community based Management - (U.P., T.N.)

TRAGEDY OF COMMONS Market Mechanisms - (U.P.) Effective Resource allocation

LACK OF SOCIAL CAPITAL Create Social Awareness - (T.N.)

STATE POLICIES Ground Water Pricing – (Punjab, Gujarat) Optimized Conjunctive use- (U.P) Proactive Government Participation – (Punjab) Indirect Demand Management – (Punjab)

HEALTH HAZARDS Water treatment plants - (Punjab, Gujarat) Active research center involvement

TRANSACTION COSTS Differential Subsidies in electricity rates – (Punjab)

ReferencesBooks:Governance of water : Institutional Alternatives and Political Economy by Vishwa Ballabh

Contacts:Mr. P. Parthiban, Assistant, TWAD Board, Government of Tamil Nadu

Websites: http://cgwb.gov.in/download.html, Central Government Water Board http://wrmin.nic.in, Ministry of Water resources, Government of India http://www.twadboard.gov.in, TWAD Board, Government of Tamil Nadu http://www.indiawaterportal.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_water

Articles: Individual Tank based RWH system for Coastal Tamil Nadu, publication of

Architecture & Development India Water Papers from World Bank

Laws & Policies:National Watery Policy, 1987

Video:www.youtube.com

THANK YOU

GROUP C2ADITYA GOEL (16/125)

ANAND G PATIL (16/128)DIKSHA BAJAJ (16/141)

PRABHU P (16/155)VISMAY BUCH (16/179)