group presentation super ultra final version
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
1/58
Factory FarmingEngr 183EW
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
2/58
Xiaosong Shi, Liren Yin, George Wang, Yanxin Li, Bolun HuJiawen Feng
Introduction
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
3/58
Outline: Factory Farming
Background
Diseases
Farmers Perspectives andCollective Interests
Technical Issues and Technical Solutions
Ethical Analysis and
Non-technical solutions
Food Quality
Bolun Hu
Jiawen Feng
Liren Yin
Xiaosong Shi
George Wang
Yanxin Li
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
4/58
The beginning of Factory farming1920s
Factory Farm: a centralized unit forfood-producing animal cultivation
Poultry farms were the first type offactory farm
Sea food factory farm, Livestock factoryfarm
Animals living in tiny, dimcompartments
Lack of sunlight and outdooractivities
Initial solution: release animals fromcompartments periodically
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
5/58
Discovery of Vitamin A and D
Vitamin ACritical nutrient for animalseyesight, skin tissue, nerve cells
Symptoms
Chicken especially sensitive toVitamin A deficiency
Decrease in laying rateSuppressed immunity
Decrease in hatchability
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
6/58
Discovery of Vitamin A and D
Vitamin D (SunshineVitamin)
Increase absorption rate ofcalcium and phosphor
Facilitate bone calcification,egg shell formation
Lack of Vitamin D
Pigs particularly sensitive toVitamin D deficiency
Rickets
Decrease in growth speed
As a result, sunshine andoutdoor exercises no longernecessary.But problems come
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
7/58
Development of Antibiotics1940s
Problem with animals indoor all year:
Animals living in close
Infectious diseases spread quickly &
hard to stopFinancial losses
Solution: Antibiotics
Panacea for bacterial diseasesNon-therapeutic use of antibiotics
Foundation for later mass production
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
8/58
Development: Mass production (1940spresent)
Mechanization and assembly line
Concept initially introduced by Henry Ford
Advantage:
simple task -> unskilled labor
lower operation cost
speed up the slaughter process
Shorter production cycle -> more profits
Problems:
Cause great pain and suffering to animals
Workers susceptible to illness due to successive contact with animals
Injury due to the fast moving assembly line (9000 deaths so far)
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
9/58
Today: Genetic Engineering (1970s
present)
Genetically modified animals
Advantage of Gene Technology
Financial Benefits
Ethical and Moral issues
Should we manipulate animals DNA simply to satisfy our own
needs?
Does animal have the right to evolve naturally?
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
10/58
DiseasesJiawen Feng
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
11/58
Pigs, become aggressive in tight, and bite each others tail
In response, factory farmers cut the tails
Because of the special formation of pigs, they cannot remove manure
Result in skeletal deformities of the legs and feet
Diseases in Pigs
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
12/58
Pneumonia in Pigs Ammonia and other gases from the manure
irritate animals lungs, making them susceptible
to pneumonia.
Statistic: pneumonia found in lungs of 65% of34,000 hogs they inspected
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
13/58
Glasser disease- swine (Haemophilus parasuis)- pleuritis and fibrin deposits
Other diseases in Pigs
H1N1 in Pigs
.
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
14/58
Diseases in Chickens
Aggregation of chickens Mass demand of chicken breasts and eggs Cannot even stretch their wings
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
15/58
Mareks is caused by a Herpes virus.
can survive for long periods of time in the
environment.
in feather dust it can survive on a farm for at
least 12 months and it is this problem which
leads to it being so common.
Mareks disease
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
16/58
Eggs Safer?
Salmonellosis
The bacteria can actually be passed on from the hen to
the egg
Symptoms of salmonellosis may include stomach cramps,
vomiting, fever
Staphylococcus aureus (Staph)
Bacteria makes poison that causes the illness
Symptoms include nausea, in severe cases people may
experience changes in their blood pressure or pulse rate.
Chicken Egg Diseases
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
17/58
Factory farms chain veal calves around the neck to prevent them from
turning around, to make their flesh tender.
Total darkness during their 4-month lives
Iron deficient diet
Pale color meat prized better for market
Diseases in Cows
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
18/58
they must grow seven-fold in the next twenty-five years for profits in market.
Fish are also raised in small, confined areas, having many debilitating diseases and clearnegative effects on the health of the fish.
Prior to slaughter, fish are often starved for up to a week.
Pfiesteria piscicida in fish
Fish DiseasesAquatic animals are also raised in farmsthese days, with factory farming, oraquaculture, providing 30 percent of annualglobal seafood production.
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
19/58
Diseases directly related to human:
Cardiovascular disease Diabetes
All nature aspects are stripped Animal products contain no fiber
and almost no complex carbohydrates
Pesticides in humans Each years uses about 3 million tons of pesticides in farms Formulated about 1600different chemicals Lacking complete toxic data
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
20/58
Farmers Perspectives
V.S. Collective Interest
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
21/58
3000 People participated the latest NPR-Truven Health Analytics Health Poll
Hows the amount of meat people have eaten chcanged
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
22/58
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/06/27/155837575/why-theres-less-red-meat-served-on-many-american-plates
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
23/58
Benefits from Factory Farming
Low rent
High Productivity
Less labors hiring
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
24/58
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/06/27/155837575/why-theres-less-red-meat-served-on-many-american-plates
The food quality
Animals Feeling
Collective Interest
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
25/58
The Proof of Animals Feeling
When heifers have their preferred partner with them, their stress
levels in terms of their heart rates are reduced compared with if
they were with a random individual.
-Krista McLennan
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
26/58
Elephants became emotional when
they met old friends coming back
from circus after 25 years
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
27/58
Its inhumane to keep animals in gestation crates
Photo shot by The Humane Society of the United States in
Smithfield Food Co.
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
28/58
Smithfield Foods Stop using Gestation
Crates Under Social Pressure
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
29/58
Chickens Are Suffering Their Own
Bodies
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
30/58
Technical Issues
Groundwater Depletion
Economic Cost
Environment Pollution
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
31/58
Groundwater Depletion
Animal Water Use (Gallons)
Animal Gallons per day per unit
Milking cows 35
Chicken 0.09
Turkeys 0.15
sheep or goats 2
Horse or ponies 12Milkhouse and Parlor Water Use (Gallons)
Sprinkler cooling per animal 20
Cow preparation 3
Milking system Clean-in-Place 18
Milkhouse floor 17
Holding area 15
Parlor 20
Factory farming is the majority water consumer
Concentration of factory farmsHuman Water Use (Gallons)
Drink water 0.5
Clother Washer 23
Dishwasher 4.5
Shower 5
Toilet 1.6
Extension.psu.edu/natural-resources/water/drinking-water/best-practices/water-system-planning-estimating-water-use
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
32/58
Groundwater Depletion
Solution:
1. Get water from different source
Build water tower to store rain
Recycle used water
2. Relocation factory farms
Well distributed
Build more pipelines to get water from different place
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
33/58
Economic CostCost of transportation
1. Transfer animals to slaughterhouse, and then supermarkets
2. Animals die in the way to slaughterhouse
Public services maintenance
1. Cities must provide public services near factory farms in case of emergency
2. Cost of maintaining public services is expensive
Cost to maintain a fire department
Firefighter 26 per hour
Fire Chief 75 per hour
Fire Engine 150 per week
Fire Truck 250 per week
Staff Car 100 per week
1 Truck Company (2 Firefighters, 1 Officer) 333 per hour
www.icgov.org/site/CMSv2/file/fire/AppendixGP-023-02IICFDResponseCharges.pdf
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
34/58
Economic Cost
Solution:
1. Relocate factory farms closer to slaughterhouses and
cities
2. Build more slaughterhouse
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
35/58
Environment Pollution
WaterPollution
Land Pollution
Air Pollution
www.seco.cpa.state.tx.us/energy-sources/biomass/manure.php
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
36/58
Environment Pollution
Solution
1. Build closed surface and more stable manure lagoon
2. Burn gases for cooking or heating
3. Plant more trees
www.blackdiamondmeats.com/blog/
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
37/58
Ethical Analysis
Why are frameworks applicable?
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
38/58
Animal Ethics: Framework Review
Utilitarianism:Central Tenet: Greatest value for the greatestnumber
Universality Principle:Action can only be morally acceptable if thataction can be made into a universal action
Reciprocity Principle:
Action is considered immoral if it uses a human as a meansto an end, rather than an end in itself
Moral Autonomy- People should have option to independentlydecide
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
39/58
Animal Ethics: Applicability
of FrameworksDo the frameworks apply to animals?
Animal Values? Animals as an means?
Figure 1: Human child andChicken Child (Krikorian
2009)
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
40/58
Animal Ethics: Yes, Animals
are CoveredFrameworks are based on
belief that a persons worth
is based on ability to reason
Animals have shown that
they too reason
So they also have worth and
frameworks apply
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
41/58
Utilitarianism
Benefit:
Society gets cheaper food
Business profit
Cost:
Animals Suffer
Workers suffer
Communities suffer
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
42/58
Utilitarianism: Workers
Figure 2: Factory Farm worker (Rosenberg 2013)
Crowded,dimly lit
Over 9,000workerdeaths since
1992
Utilit i i
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
43/58
Utilitarianism:
Communities
Figure 2: Waste Lagoons (Spetz 2014)
Massive lagoon ofanimal waste
Releases noxiousHydrogen sulfide
gas
Flooding
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
44/58
Utilitarianism: AnimalsAnimals forced into
small spaces
Not allowed to leave
cages
Conclusion:
Factory farming not
ethical
Figure 3: Chicken (Spetz 2014)
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
45/58
Reciprocity Principle
Current regulations
reliable?
Workers and
customers treated as ameans, not an end
Peoples MoralAutonomy not
respected!!
Figure 4: Labels
U i lit
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
46/58
Universality:
EnvironmentUniversalize pollutingcaused by factory farms?
Universalize massive
suffering by animals?
Conclusion: Factory
Farming unethical!
Figure 5: Dead and deformedanimal pile (Spetz 2014)
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
47/58
Universality PrincipleCan eating other organisms be universalized?
Yes, But.
Can using animals in the conditions of factoryfarming be universalized?
Figure 6: Food web(Gibson 2012)
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
48/58
Solutions
Return to traditional
farms as best solution
Stringent regulations:
Labeling
Working conditions
Disposal of waste
Figure 7: Australian Regulation(Emmanuel 2014)
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
49/58
Quality of FoodOrganic and Genetically Modified
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
50/58
Organic Food
Must be raised oncertified organic land
Must be fed certifiedorganic feed
No antibiotics orgrowth hormones
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
51/58
Advantages:
Organic produce contains fewer pesticides.
Fresh food tastes better.
Good for environment.
Antibiotic and hormones Free
Disadvantages:
Too expensive
Too long period
Cannot meet the large demand
Organic Food
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
52/58
Genetically Modified Food
Advantages
Vs.Disadvantages
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
53/58
Genetically Modified Food
Advantages:
E.X. Genetically modified corn
Taste Better
Diseases Resistance
Save Space
Shorter Time
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
54/58
Disadvantages:
E.X. Chicken Farm of KFC
Un-natural way of producing
Antibiotic Resistance
Irreversible Process
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
55/58
Chicken are GENETICALLY MODIFIED with hormones, corn pills,
and drugs so they become LARGER FASTER
Result: they CRIPPLE under their own weights
Result: One out of three kids born after the year 2000 is OBESE.
Consuming all these hormones, drugs, antibiotics
Genetically
Modified Food
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
56/58
Conclusion
Diseases : Better living environmentAntibiotics not enough
Farmers Perspective vs. Collective Interests:Increasing population in the world drive the huge demand of meat
Conflict
Collective interest focus on animals feeling
Technical Issues:Groundwater depletionEnvironmental contamination
Technical Solutions
Non-technical Solutions
Regulations by federal and FDA
Standards by National Government
Ethical Frameworks:DeontologyUtilitarianism
Food Quality:Organic FoodGMO Food
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
57/58
Bibliography
1. Krikorian, E., 30 July 2009"Vegan Soapbox." Equal orNot. N.p.
2. Rosenberg, Martha., 26 Dec. 2013 "6 Crimes Against
Nature in Factory Farming (Pt. 1)." The Huffington Post.TheHuffingtonPost.com.
3. Spetz, Ali., 2 Apr. 2014 "Global Warming: Factory Farms -Global Solutions Pittsburgh." Global Solutions PittsburghRSS. N.p.
4. Gibson, Cianna. , 26 Nov. 2012. Web, Cianna GibsonScience 10 Ms. Ward." : Food Web's Worksheet. N.p.
-
8/10/2019 Group Presentation Super Ultra Final Version
58/58
Q&A