group r14300 – digital microfluidicsedge.rit.edu/edge/r14300/public/voice of engineer... · group...
TRANSCRIPT
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Group R14300 –
Digital Microfluidics
Peter Dunning
Paulina Klimkiewicz
Matthew Partacz
Andrew Greeley
Thomas Wossner
Wunna Kyaw
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Problem Statement
• Need for point of care medical testing devices where
access to conventional tests is restricted
o Ex: Doctor’s Offices, Remote Areas, Battlefields
• A solution must be portable and cheap
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Problem Statement
• Lab-on-a-chip devices
are capable of
miniaturizing and
automating biological
protocols.
• Devices suited for
commercial use have
just started to be
developed.
http://2.imimg.com/data2/GK/EX/MY-920622/micro-biological-testing-250x250.jpg
http://www.lionixbv.nl/technology/technology-microfluidics.html
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Digital Microfluidic Devices -
Electro-wetting
Cross-section view of Digital Microfluidic device. Dotted
line indicates the shape of the meniscus before
actuation. Modified from [2]
“Top view of flow on a ring structure” [3]
● Array of electrodes which use
the electrowetting effect to
manipulate droplets.
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Voice of the Customer
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Voice of the Customer
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Functional Decomposition
Much room for
creativity
Little to no room
for creativity
Medium amt. of
room for creativity
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Project Breakdown
• Control System
• Fluid Delivery System
• Fabrication
• Automation
• User Interface
• Packaging
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Control System - Specs and Metrics
Problem: Can an Arduino board be used to control a DMF device
to the same or better accuracy as a NI PXI control system?
What Do We Need?• Generate a sine wave
• Amplify the wave to a large voltage (~90-110 Vrms)
• Measure capacitance with a good resolution (~0.2pF)
• Complete the protocol quickly (~30min)
• Move/Merge droplets quickly (~100ms)
• Split droplets quickly (~500ms)
What Do We Know?• Benchmark: Dr. Schertzer completed these protocols at the
University of Toronto using a National Instruments (NI) control
system, a signal generator, and an amplifier
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Control System - Potential Concepts
Benchmark - Control System used in Schertzer et al
1. NI PXI System
a. Signal Generator
i. Voltage: 10Vp-p
ii. Frequency: 10kHz
b. Controller
c. Matrix-Switching Device (4
inputs / 32 outputs)
2. Agilent 4288A Capacitance Meter
a. Resolution to ~0.20 pF
3. Custom Amplifier
a. Voltage: 90-110 Vrms
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Control System - Potential Concepts
- Generates a sine wave
• Voltage: up to 20 Vp-p
• Frequency: (0.1-50)kHz
Signal Generator BoardControl Board
- Controls is a shield for the
Arduino Microcontroller
Switching Board
Arduino Dropbot System in Fobel et al
Trek Model PZD700A High Voltage
Amplifier
• Input Voltage: 0 to ±10 VDC
• Output Voltage: 0 to ±700 VDC
- Droplet was found to
completely cover an electrode
in 200ms
• Arduino is open source
o firmware
o pin mapping
o board schematics
• KiCAD Hardware designs
available for Board designs
• 320 independent channels and is
highly modular
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Control System - Potential Concepts
- Controls Signal Generator Board, High Voltage Switching Board
- Can estimate drop position, velocity
- Software Available:
● Arduino firmware
● C++ Software
● Microdrop Plugin
Arduino Mega 2560 Microcontroller
• Arduino is open source
o firmware
o pin mapping
o board schematics
• KiCAD Hardware designs
available for Board designs
• 320 independent channels and is
highly modular
Arduino Dropbot System in Fobel et al
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Control System - Feasibility
● The Arduino Dropbot system used in
Fobel et al paper was able to
instantaneously measure droplet
velocity, capacitance, and impedance
in real time.
● Arduino has:
a. Software: C++ software, Open
source firmware
b. Hardware: Microcontroller with
board schematics, and pin
mapping
● Dropbot has:
a. Software: Open source firmware,
Microdrop Plugin
b. Hardware: KiCAD models to
create the boards
Potential Staffing Needed
● Mechanical Engineering
● Electrical Engineering
● Software Engineering
● Computer Engineering
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Fluid Delivery System-HOQ
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Fluid Delivery System-Specs and Metrics
Problem:
Is there a specific delivery system so that the desired
volume of fluid can be extracted within the desired
time?
What We Need
• Droplet to be extracted between .5s and 5s.
• Droplet Volume must be within 3% error of desired
volume.
What We Know
• Conventional Biological Protocols have been using
pipettes and Syringes
• Duke University have used Reservoirs in their DMF
Devices.
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Fluid Delivery System-Concepts
• Syringe
o .55 L ± .028
• Pipette
o 1µL ± 4%
• Reservoir
o Volume from User Input
• Plug-in Canister
o Desired Volume can be extracted
• Combination of These
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Fluid Delivery System- Feasibility
• Solutions
o Reservoir system will allow us to easily dispense
the fluids to the DMF device.
Using together with Pipettes will allow us to
accurately dispense the desired droplet volume.
o Plug-in Canister can be programmed to dispense
the right amount while easily detachable and
portable.
• Staffing Required:o Students in the Mechanical Engineering discipline
o Students in the Industrial Engineering discipline
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Fabrication- HOQ
[10]
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Fabrication: Potential Concepts
Common
Techniques:Photolithography and
wet or dry etching (clean room)
Solutions outside the clean room:
• PDMS stamp used to transfer a
pattern onto a gold surface
• Desktop laser printer pattern
transfer: directly onto sheet of
polyimide
• Permanent marker electrode array
outline
Dielectric: Saran wrap
Hydrophobic coating: Rain-X
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Fabrication: Feasibility
Microcontact printing (microCP) [7]
• PDMS stamp used to deposit patterns of self assembled
monolayers onto a substrate
• device capable of full range of operations: dispensing,
merging, motion and splitting
Formed from circuit board substrates and gold compact
disks using rapid marker masking [8]
● procedure capable of producing devices with 50-60 μm
spacing between actuating electrodes
● saran wrap used a removable dielectric coating
● rain-x: hydrophobic coating
● able to move merge and split 1-12 μL droplets
Desktop Laser Printer Pattern transfer [9]
• Droplet motion: comparable to performance on chips
made by photolithography
• ultrarapid: 80 chips in 10 mins
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Automation - HOQ
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Automation - Specs and Metrics
Problem: Can a protocol be automated using existing
computing methods and hardware?
What Do We Need?• Data Storage (~0.5GB)
• Send Signal
• Receive Signals
• Processor (>10kHz, ~0.5GB)
• Motion Planning
What Do We Know?
• Many algorithm based computing solutions
already exist, just must be tailored for this
specific application
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Automation - Potential Concepts
How to compute:
• Existing computer
• On-board processor
• Open-source system
Function:
• Inputs: state of each electrode, protocol
• Process: compute necessary move, merge, mix &
split instructions for a specified protocol
• Outputs: signals to activate control system
switches, error signal to the user interface, result
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Automation - Feasibility
Needed
Features:Available Solutions:
Data Storage Memory Card, HD, SSD,
Peripheral networking, ROM
cartridge
Send Signals Analog signals, digital signals
Receive
Signals
Many ways to process signals..
Processor Micro-processor, multi-core
processor
Motion
Planning
Grid based algorithm, Sampling
based algorithm
Each feature has many well known solutions. This project is determined to be feasible.
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User Interface HOQ
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User Interface - Potential Concepts
-Computer program w/ visual
display (i.e. LabVIEW VI)
-Touchpad
-Manual input (i.e. turn dials)
-Remote communication (i.e.
email)
-LED indicators
-Combination of these
LabVIEW Front Panel [4]
Example of “lab
on a chip” [5]
Handheld DMF
device [6]
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User Interface - Feasibility
Technical Feasibility
-Concepts for the user interface exist in many forms
-Many existing DMF devices are able to accept
instructions and output results via a user interface.
-Example: RIT currently uses LabVIEW interface
provided by National Instruments
Staffing Requirements
A few IE, ME, and EE students, possibly a CE as well
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Packaging HOQ
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Packaging-Concepts
Minimizing Evaporation
• Humidity sensing/controlo Humidifier/hygrometer/controls
• Temperature sensing/controlo Refrigerator/thermometer/controls
• Hybrid
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Packaging-Feasibility
Verify that size and weight constraints are
met:
Staff required: Several ME students, several
EE students, possibly IE students
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Questions/Areas of Uncertainty
• How will environmental controls be
implemented?
• Chip form factor?
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Next Steps
• Confirm ER’s
• Continue to refine HOQs
• Examine resource and staffing
requirements
• Begin PRP development
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• [1] Mark, D., Haeberle, S., Roth, G., Von Stetten, F., and Zengerle, R., 2010, "Microfluidic Lab-on-a-
Chip Platforms: Requirements, Characteristics and Applications," Chemical Society Reviews, 39(3),
pp. 1153-1182.
• [2] Cho, S. K., Moon, H. J., and Kim, C. J., 2003, "Creating, Transporting, Cutting, and Merging Liquid
Droplets by Electrowetting-Based Actuation for Digital Microfluidic Circuits," Journal of
Microelectromechanical Systems, 12(1), pp. 70-80.
• [3] Fair, R., The Electrowetting Effect (in Air), February 1, http://microfluidics.ee.duke.edu/
• [4] http://www.mstarlabs.com/software/labview.html
• [5] http://www.inc.com/magazine/201111/innovation-a-blood-test- on-a-chip.html
• [6] http://doktori.bme.hu/bme_palyazat/2011/tudomanyos_muhely/ szenzorlabor_en.htm
• [7] Watson, Michael W. L., Mohamed Abdelgawad, George Ye, Neal Yonson, Justin Trottier, and Aaron
R. Wheeler. "Microcontact Printing-Based Fabrication of Digital Microfluidic Devices." Analytical
Chemistry 78.22 (2006): 7877-885. Print.
• [8] Abdelgawad, Mohamed, and Aaron R. Wheeler. "Low-cost, Rapid-prototyping of Digital
Microfluidics Devices." Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 4.4 (2008): 349-55. Print.
• [9] Abdelgawad, M., and A. R. Wheeler. "Rapid Prototyping in Copper Substrates for Digital
Microfluidics." Advanced Materials 19.1 (2007): 133-37. Print.
• [10] Schertzer, M. J., R. Ben-Mrad, and Pierre E. Sullivan. "Mechanical Filtration of Particles in
Electrowetting on Dielectric Devices." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 20.4 (2011): 1010-
015. Print.
References
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End
Questions?