groups of the periodic table -...
TRANSCRIPT
Bell Ringer 1. The horizontal rows of the periodic
table are referred to as __________. 2. The vertical columns of the periodic
table are referred to as __________ or ___________.
GROUPS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE Physical Science
Groups
• The vertical (up and down) columns on the periodic table are called groups or families
• All of the elements in a group are related, which means that they have similar physical and chemical properties
• All of the elements in a group also have the same number of valence electrons (electrons in their outer shell)
• You should be familiar with all of the groups • Groups that you should pay close attention to are marked with an asterisk (*) on guided notes
Groups of the Periodic Table
Group 1 (or 1A): Alkali Metals
• Includes all elements in Group 1 except hydrogen (H) • Easily lose their 1 valence electron to become positively
charged ions called cations
• Are soft metals (can cut with a knife)
• Least reactive at top; most reactive at bottom
• Dissolve easily in water
Group 1: Alkali Metals
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
• Includes all elements in Group 2 • Easily lose their 2 valence electrons to become positively
charged ions called cations
• Are soft metals (can cut with a knife)
• Least reactive at top; most reactive at bottom
• Mg & Ca are important to humans
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
• Reactivity of the alkaline earth metals
Groups 3-12: Transition Metals
• Play an important role in living organisms because our bodies need many of them in order to stay healthy
• Properties vary from group to group
• Most have high densities and high melting points
• Metals in bottom row are found as radioactive isotopes
Group 13: The Boron Family
• Boron is a metalloid. All other elements are metals.
• This group contains aluminum, which is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust
Group 14: The Carbon Family
• These elements have 4 valence electrons
• Most of the compounds in our body contain carbon
• This group contains silicon, which is the second most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust
Graphite & Diamond
Both are made of carbon atoms.
Group 15: The Nitrogen Family
• These elements have 5 valence electrons
• Contains 2 non-metals, 2 metalloids, and 1 metal
• Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorous (P) are used as fertilizers and are important for our bodies
Group 16: Oxygen Family
• These elements have 6 valence electrons • Contains a 3 non-metals and 2 metalloids
• Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust
• Living things use oxygen to release the energy that is stored in foods
Group 17: The Halogens
• These elements have 7 valence electrons • All are highly reactive non-metals. They do not exist in
nature as free elements
• Fluorine is used for the prevention of tooth decay
• Chlorine is used as a disinfectant
Group 18: The Noble Gases
• These elements have 8 valence electrons • All are non-metals
• All are colorless, odorless, and extremely unreactive
• Passing electric current through all except radon produces different colors of light
Transition Metals
Recap: Groups of the Periodic Table
For the rest of class…
• Complete periodic table coloring activity • Must be completed by the end of the class period!
• When finished, turn in and get Worksheet 5.2 • Finish Worksheet 5.2 for homework if needed
Transition Metals
Recap: Groups of the Periodic Table
THE END!