gsm system and products overview

7/28/2019 GSM System and Products Overview

1/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-1

Introduction

J anuary, 2000

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

1-1IntroductionPE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000

"Confidentialinformation--maynotbecopiedordisclosedwithoutpermission".

GSM System and Products Overview

SY1 Course


2/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-2

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Section 1

Introduction


3/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-3

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




BSS

SystemCourses

BSS

SystemCourses

BSS System Courses

ARI Adv anced Radio In terfac e

Description 3 days

BS21 BSC 12000 and TCU

Advan ced Descri pti on 2 days

NE2 BSS Opti mi zati on Parameter s 3 days

NMO Network Moni toring and

Optimization 2 days

PR1 S8000 BTS Fam il y

Advan ced Descri pti on 2 days

PR2 S2000 L&H and e-c el lBTS

Advan ced Descri pti on 1 day

PR3 BSS Products Overview 2 days

PR4 BSC and TCU 3G Advanced

Description 2 days

SR11 BSS Release V11 Overview 1 day

SR12 BSS Release V12 Overview 1 day

SY2 BSS Dimensioning 2 days

BSS Installation & Commissioning

PIC1 BSC & TCU Instal lat ion and

Commissioning. 5 days

PIC7 BTS S8000 Outdoor I&C 5 daysPIC10 BTS S8000 Indoor I&C 4 days

PIC17 BTS S8000 I&C 5 days

PIM8 BTS S2000 (H&L) I&C and O&M 2 day s

NSSSystemCourses

NSS System Courses

900 GSM Intel l igent Networks Overview 3 days930 GSM DMS Overview 3 days931 GSM NSS Overview 2 days932 GSM Data Overview 1 day

935 GSM HLR-PS (ProvisioningServer) 3 days936 GSM Bil ling Mediat ion Device(GMBD) 3 days937 OMC-S Overview & Operation 2 days938 GSM GPP-IWF 5 days950 GSM DMS Maintenance Part 1 10 days951 GSM DMS Maintenance Part 2 10 days961 GSM09 Release Delta 2 days962 GSM10 Release Delta 1 day963 GSM11 Release Delta 2 days970 GSM-MSC/VLR Translations 10 days972 GSM HLR Service Datafill 5 days974 GSM CCS7 Transl . and Operat ions 5 day s

Radio and Network EngineeringCourses

RSV1 Radio Site Verification 1 dayRSV2 RSV Measurement & Post-Processing 2 daysCNE Cel lu lar Netw or k En gi ne. Pr oc ess 1 day

RF0 RF Basics 3 daysCP1 Cell Planning Fundamentals 2 daysCP2 Cell Planning Project 5 daysRSQ1 Radio Survey and RF Qualif ication 2 daysRSQ2 Radio Measurements 3 daysSSE1 Si te Su rv ey an d Si te En gi neer in g 1 daySSE2 Site Survey Visit and Engineering

Case Studies 1 daySSE3 Aerial Verification 2 daysNETRF1Network and RF Engineering Course 5 days

BSS Operation& Maintenance

Courses

BSS Operation& Maintenance Courses

OM1/2 BSS Operat ion and Maintenance 10 days

OM4 OMC-R Administration 4 days

OM5 BSS Databuild 5 daysOM6 S8000 BTS Local Mai ntenance 2 days

OM7 BSS Performance

Measurements Tools 2 days

OM9 BSS Operation and Fault

Handling 4 days

OM10 Reconfiguration Tools 3 days

OM31 BSC and TCU Local Maintenance3 days

OMDV10-12 BSS Release for V10 Experts 3 days

OMDV12 BSS Releas e f or V11 Ex per ts 2 day s

OM36 B SC, TCU an d B TS S8000

Local Maintenance 5 days

GSM Training Curriculum

1 - BSS and NSS Courses

System Courses

SY0 GSM General Overview 2 days

SY1 GSM Sy st em and Produc ts

Overview 5 daysSYS GSM System Overview 3 days

TL1 Telecommuni cations Overview 2 days

TL4 ATM Overview 1 day

The BSS and NSS training courses are split into several families according to the

different skills required to deal with GSM networks:System: to acquire general knowledge about GSM, as well as a general overviewof the equipment designed by Nortel Networks.

BSS System: to acquire a general knowledge on BSS system: products,dimensioning, optimization.

BSS Operation and Maintenance: to be able to operate and maintain atelecommunication network by fully using the OMC-R facilities and give an in-depth understanding of the BSS functions and equipment.

NSS System: to acquire knowledge on the operation and maintenance of the

NSS part of the system.Radio and Network Engineering: to be in charge of cell planning, BSS networktopology, field tests, data fill or BSS parameters optimization.

Installation and Commissioning: to be able to install, cable, and run test on-siteequipment.


4/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-4

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




RL11 GSM-R System and Products

Overview 5 days

RL 12 GSM-R d el tas wi th st an dar d GSM 1 d ayRL21 GSM-R BSS Optimization parameters 3 days

RL22 GSM-R BSS Optimizat ion parameters

versus GSM 1 day

RL23 GSM-R BSS dimensioning 2 days

RL30 GSM-R IN Over vi ew and datafi ll 5 days

RL31 GSM-R NSS Overview 2 days

RL32 GSM-R HLR Service Datafill 5 days

RL41 GSM-R RF Engineering 5 days

RL51 BTS S8002 I&C 3 days

RL61 BTS S8002 local maintenance 2 days

RL62 GSM-R performance measurements

tools 2 days

RL63 BSS O&M for GSM-R 10 days

RL64 BSS Operations and Fault Handling

for GSM-R 4 days

GSM-R Courses

TL2 Frame Relay Overview 1 day

TL3 TCP/IP Overview 2 days

GP0 GPRS General Overview 1 dayGP1 GPRS Technical Description 3 days

GP10 Passport Operation and Maintenance 2 days

GP2 PCUSN Conf iguration and Operat ion 1.5 day

GP3 SGSN Conf igurat ion and Operat ion 1.5 day

GP4 GGSN Conf igurat ion and Operat ion 2 day s

GP5 OMC-D Operation 5 days

GPRS Courses

UMTS Courses

UM0 UMTS Introduct ion 1 day

PN1 PicoNODE Product Overview 1 day

PN2 PicoNODE OMC Net work Operat ion 5 day s

PN3 PicoNODE OMC System Administration 5 days

PN4 PicoNODE BSS Operation 5 days

PN5 PicoNODE NSS Operation 5 days

PN245 PicoNODE: From I &C to O&M 10 days

PicoNODE Courses

GSM Training Curriculum

2 - GPRS, UMTS, BSS Tools, GSM-R, and PicoNODE Courses

BSS Tools Courses

CT1000 CT1000 Course 8 days

CT1000_NRP Reconf igurat ion Procedures 4 days

CT3100 CT3100 Course 5 days

CT3100OJT On the job training 3 daysCT7100 GSM Net work Moni to ri ng and

Optimization Tool (NSS and BSS) 4 days

CT7100_B GSM Network Monitoring and

Optimization Tool (BSS only) 3 days

CT7100_N GSM Network Monitoring and

Optimization Tool (NSS only) 2 days

CT7100_T GSM Network Monitoring Tool

(Call Trace/Call PathTrace) 1 day

The BSS and NSS training courses are split in several families according to the

different skills required to deal with GSM networks:GPRS: an overview of this new system and advanced description of new nodes.

UMTS: an overview of this future system.

BSS Tools: to be able to use the new tools.

GSM-R: an overview and advanced description of this new system for railwayscompanies.

PicoNODE: to be able to operate and manage this new product line (wirelessaccess in rural or corporate areas).


5/406


6/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-6

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Section 1: Introducti onSection 2: GSM HistorySection 3: Basic Network OverviewSection 4: Services

Section 5: Cellular Principles

Section 6: Radio InterfaceSection 7: Architecture, Functions and

ProtocolsSection 8: Procedures

Section 9: BTS FunctionsSection 10: S2000/4000/S8000 BTS

FamiliesSection 11: BSC Functions

Section 12: BSC 6000/12000/12000HCFamilySection 13: TransCoder Unit FunctionsSection 14: TCU Physical Presentation

Section 15: NSS Funct ionsSection 16: NSS Nortel: DMS and GPPSection 17: OSS Functions

Section 18: OMC-R, TML and OMC-SSection 19: PicoNODE FamilySection 20: Solutions of ExercisesSection 21: Glossary

GSM System

SY1 Course

Organization

GSM Products


7/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-7

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Upon completion of this course, the participant will be able to:

describe the GSM system and its role in wireless communicationsworldwide,

quote the GSM network services,

describe the GSM cellular features,

describe the Radio Interface,

describe the steps of the main procedures (call establishment,location updating, handover, etc.),

describe the funct ions of NSS (Network Sub System), BSS (Base

station Sub System), OSS (Operation Sub System) and MS (Mobi leStation),

describe the software architecture of the GSM system,

ident ify and describe the NORTEL NETWORKS GSM products.

Objectives


8/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-8

Introduction

J anuary, 2000



"Confidentialinformation--maynotbecopiedordisclosedwithoutpermission". Section 2

GSM Historie


9/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-9

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Provide an introduction to the world of mobilecommunications with particular emphasis on

development to digital cellular radio.

Af ter completing this lesson you will be able to:

- Relate the early mobile communication systems.

- Show the benefits of digital radio transmission.

- Relate the development and spread of the GSM standard.

- Indicate the trend for wireless in the next years.

Objectives


10/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-10

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Before GSM: Mobile Telephony Milestones

Electric transmission(Graham Bell)

1st wirelesstransmissions

(Marconi)

1st analog cellularnetwork

1897

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

Digital Technology

(1st digital switch)

1st public mobiletelephone

1876

1946

1970

1982

1992

1st GSM communication(digital cellular network)

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

1876:The telephone was introduced to the public at the Centennial Exposition of the United States inPhiladelphia. Alexander Graham Bell was able to transmit speech electrically, in one direction

only, over a copper wire circuit of several hundred feet in length. This speaking telegraphwasquickly perfected for adequate two-way communication and was offered for business andresidential service the following years. Within a short time there were thousands, then tens ofthousand, and soon hundreds of thousand of paying customers.

End of the 19th century: While the struggle to search for the ways to utilize the copper wiretransmission facility more and more efficiently, a young German scientist named Heinrich RudolfHertz discovered a strange and wonderful phenomenon: from an electric spark there seemed toemanate invisible waves of force which could be captured at a distant location by a suitablyconstructed receiving device. Hertzs own experiments extended only a few yards.

1897: Guglielmo Marconi shows the first wireless transmission over 15 km in Bristol. A few years

later(1901), G. Marconi transmitted these waves overseas, and began to call it Radio.

1946: The first public mobile telephone service was introduced in twenty five American cities. Eachsystem used a single, high-powered transmitter and large tower in order to cover distances ofover 50 km in a particular market. Nevertheless these early FM push-to-talk telephone systemsof the late 1940s used 120 kHz of RF bandwidth in a half duplex mode (only one person on thetelephone call could talk at a time), even though the actual telephone-grade speech because ofthe kHz of baseband spectrum. The large RF bandwidth was needed because of the difficulty inmass producing tight RF filters and low-noise, front-end receiver amplifiers.

1970: A.Pinet introduced in France the first digital switch.

1982:The first commercial cellular system was turned on in Chicago.

1992: GSM, the first fully digital cellular system, was introduced on in Germany and in France.


11/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-11

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


There are several different types of analog cellular systems:

NMT450 and NMT900: Scandinavia, Benelux, Spain, Austria, France,Switzerland;

AMPS in more 34 countries: U.S.A., Canada, Argentine, Chile, Indonesia, Brazil,Australia, Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire);

TACS (Total Access Communication System) in UK Ireland and Italy;

R2000: France;

C450: Germany;

NTT (1979) cellular and J TACS (1988) in J apan.

RTMS: Italy;

The world's first cellular system actually was implemented in 1979 by the NipponTelephone and Telegraph company (NTT) in J apan. This system uses 600 FM duplexchannels of 25 kHz in the 800 MHz band.

In Europe, the Nordic Mobile Telephone system (NMT) was developed in 1981 for the450 MHz band and uses 180 channels of 25 kHz.

The extended European Total Access Cellular System (ETACS) was deployed in1985 and is virtually identical to the US. AMPS system, except that the smallerbandwidth channels result in a slight degradation of signal-to-noise ratio andcoverage range.



1981 NMTThe Nordic Solution

Now 18 Millions Subscribers

450 MHz and 900 MHz

NORWAY, DENMARKFINLAND, SWEDEN,FRANCE (450 MHz)

1985 TACS in UK800 and 900 MHz

1979 AMPS800 MHz

Now 25 MillionsSubscribers

1985

RADIOCOM 2000FRANCE400 MHz900 MHz

Dedicated developments

Japan NTT cellular (1979) JTACS (1988)

1986

C.450GERMANY450 MHz

Analog Cellular Systems Around the World


12/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-12

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




1982: Groupe Spcial Mobile (GSM) created within CEPT

1985: List of recommendations are settled and intensely

supported by the industry.

1987: Initial MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) aside thedrafting of technical specifications was signed bynetwork operators of 13 countries: time-scales for the procurement and deployment, compatibly of numbering and routing plans, tariff principles and definition of accounting.

1990: The GSM specifications for the 900 MHz are frozen. Specifications start for the 1800 MHz GSM systems. GSM stands as

"Global System for Mobile communications"

Development of the GSM Standard

1982: CEPT decides to establish a "Groupe Spcial Mobile" (the initial origin of the Term GSM) in todevelop a set of common standards for a future pan-European Cellular Mobile Network.

1984: Establishment of three Working Parties to define and describe GSM features:

the radio interface,

transmission and signaling protocols,

interfaces and network architecture.

1985, 1986: Discussion and adoption of a list of recommendations to be generated by the GroupSpcial Mobile. A so-called permanent nucleus is established to continuously coordinate thework, which is intensely supported by industry delegates. Thinking over a radio transmissionprototype.

1987: The first Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is prepared during mid-1987 and signed by 13

European countries in September 1987. Apart from the drafting of the technical specificationswithin the ad-hoc working groups, European public telecommunication operators worthyrecognized the cooperation for commercial and operational aspects. The MoU serves as anadequate forum for discussion on pure operational matters. Its main purposes is to provide aframework for all the necessary measures to be taken by the signatories together to ensure theopening of a commercial service in their respective countries by 1991.

The network operators plan the progressive implementation of the networks in each country sothat transport routes between the countries of signatories could be brought early into thecoverage of the respective systems.

1988: Validation and trials, especially the radio interface, show thatGSM will work.

With the establishment of the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI), GroupeSpcial Mobile becomes a technical committee:

GSM is embodied into European Telecommunications Standards,

GSM stands as "Global System for Mobile Communication" grant.


13/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-13

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




1991: First system trial are running.

1992: Official commercial launch of GSM service in Europe.

1993: - The GSM-MoU has 62 signatories in 39 countriesworldwide. In addition 32 applicants in 19 others

countries.- GSM network are operational in Europe.- First commercial services also start outside Europe.- One million subscribers to GSM networks.

1995: Specification of GSM phase 2 are frozen.


1991: First system-trial are running at Telecom 91 exhibition.

The GSM Recommendations comprise:more than 130 single documents;

include more than 5,000 pages.

The GSM MoU of 1987 was later signed by more operators and amended by1991 to accept members from non CEPT operators countries thus extend itsscope to spread cooperation agreements with non-signatory bodies.

1993: Aside the GSM-MoU has 62 members (signatories) in 39 countries worldwide;and in addition 32 potential members (observers, applicants) in 19 othercountries.

GSM networks are operational in Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland,Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, United kingdom.

The end of 1993 shows one millions subscribers to GSM networks, however morethan 80% of them are to be found in Germany alone.


14/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-14

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




12 SERIESOPERATION ANDMAINTENANCE

01 SERIES

GENERAL 02 SERIES

SERVICE ASPECTS

03 SERIES

NETWORK ASPECTS

04 SERIESMS-BSS INTERFACE AND

PROTOCOLS

05 SERIESPHYSICAL LAYER ON THE

RADIO PATH.

06 SERIESSPEECH CODINGSPECIFICATIONS

07 SERIESTERMINAL ADAPTERS

FOR MOBILE STATIONS

11 SERIESEQUIPMENT AND TYPE

APPROVAL SPECIFICATIONS

10 SERIESSERVICE INTERWORKING

09 SERIESNETWORK

INTERWORKING

08 SERIES

BSS TO MSC INTERFACES

GSM Specifications

One important question was how far GSM should go in its specification work; that is,

to what degree the system had to be specified so as to be identical in all countries,and how much could be left to the operators and suppliers to agree upon.

Clearly, without identical air interfaces in all networks, the subscribers are not going tohave free roaming between network. This was considered to be the absoluteminimum degree of standardization, and these equipment were favored. One mighthave seen it as advantageous to specify everything in the system, including thehardware and the mobile station and even other parts of the system. It was agreedupon that there would be no attempt to specify the system in such detail.

Basically, only the functional interfaces between the majors buildings blocks would bespecified. This approach had several advantages, perhaps the most important ofwhich is that for each major building block, the principle of functional specificationsoffers each operator, and thus the customer, the opportunity to purchase whatevermake of equipment he wants, thus setting the stage for maximum competitionbetween manufacturers. For instance the fact that an operator has purchased anexchange from a certain supplier does not force him to go on buying equipment fromthe same supplier.

Standardized electrical interfaces as well as protocols are provided for both the fixednetwork and subscriber equipment. These include standardized rate adaptations

compatible with conventional ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) definitions.


15/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-15

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 240 300 MHz

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 GHz

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4

AM Marine

Short Wave - International Broadcast - Amateur

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 30 MHz

CB

26 28

VHF LOW Band FM VHF VHF TV 7-13

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4 3.0 GHz

UHF UHF TV 14-69 GPS

Cellular GSM1800, GSM1900

Broadcasting

Land-Mobile

Aeronautical

Mobile telephony

Terrestrial Microwave

Satellite

The Application of the Radio Spectrum

In the early years of radio, only the lowest few megahertz of the radio spectrum were

in use and they were used for point to point communications between fixed stations,mainly ships, and broadcasting. These applications were respectively called the fixedservice, the mobile service and the broadcasting service.

By international agreement, the spectrum then in use was divided into severalfrequency bands, different bands being allocated for each service.

This concept of dividing the spectrum between the different links of radio service isstill found to be wise and its application has been extended and elaborated to servemodern requirements.

The international table of frequency allocations (World Radio communicationConference 1995) now covers the frequency range 9 kHz to 275 MHz, divided intohundreds of frequency bands, allocated for 33 different services.


16/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-16

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Uplink

Downlink

880 890 915 1710 1785

925 935 960 1805 1880MHz

P-GSM

GSM 1800 GSM 1900

1850 1910

1930 1990

R-GSM

876

921

960

960

915

915

E-GSM

GSM Family Radio Band Spectrum

According to the resolution of the World Radio communication Conference in 1978,

the European Telecom Authorities primarily reserved two frequency bands of twice25 MHz:

890 MHz to 915 MHz from mobile to the network,

935 MHz to 960 MHz from base stations to the mobiles for use by cellularsystems.

By 1990, a newly allocated band of twice 75 MHz (1710 MHz to 1785 MHz for uplinkand 1805 MHz to 1880 MHz for downlink) was formed for the Digital CommunicationSystem which is a version of GSM suited to the 1800 MHz frequency band. Thisapplication was initiated in the United Kingdom.

Furthermore FCC has granted band of twice 60 MHz (1850 MHz to 1910 MHz foruplink and 1930 MHz to 1990 MHz for downlink) devoted to GSM networks.

Two new frequency bands are supported:

the Extended GSM 900 band or E-GSM = P-GSM + 2x10 MHz,

the Railway GSM 900 band for Railways companies orR-GSM = E-GSM + 2x4 MHz.


17/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-17

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Digital Advantages

Worldwide market

Open system

Technology low cost

High resistanceto interferences

Transmission data rate

Roaming

$

Transmission Security

Advantages of the GSM standard

GSM Benefits

The features and benefits expected in the GSM were:

superior speech quality (equal to or better than the existing analog cellulartechnology),

low terminal and services costs,

a high level of security (confidentiality and fraud prevention),

international roaming (under one subscriber directory number),

support of low power hand-portable terminals,

variety of new services and network facilities.

It was a logical consequence of the prevailing reality that a measure of Inter-workingcompatibility with the services offered by other existing telecommunication networkswas sought. In particular, the basis for the services in GSM standard can be found inthe ISDN concept.


18/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-18

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




GSM Standard Spread: Sales

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

areas/

countriesnetworks

customers

(millions)

dec 92 7 13 0.25

dec 93 18 34 1.4

dec 94 41 65 4.5dec 95 67 113 12.5

dec 96 97 189 33

dec 97 105 233 66

dec 99 137 370 220

dec 98 110 240 140

Millionu

sers

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Source:IDC Feb 98GSM MoU Feb 98

Millionu

sers


19/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-19

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Countries without GSM Network(s)

2005: Between 700 million and 1 billion expected.

End 1999: 220 mill ions of subscribers370 networks in 137 countries



20/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-20

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Voice 96%

Data 4%

1998

Voice 30%

2005

Data 70%

Explosive Growth in Wireless Data

Fixed data networks have been growing rapidly for the past 15 years. The PC or work

station attached to a LAN has become the de-facto working environment. LANsconnected to LANs on other sites around the world allow companies to improvecommunications and share data. With the advent of the internet people have becomeused to using a computer not only for work but for their personal lives or as a sourceof entertainment.

Todays wireless networks were designed primarily for voice, with a small datacapability. As more and more people are using data applications, the wireless marketneeds to progress to provide data-on the-move and liberate users from the need tofind an ethernetcable or a telephone jack.

The Future

Imagine writing a report on the train on the way home, your secretary rings to say theboss wants a video conference NOW!.

He comes on line, and tells you the report must be out tonight, with photos of the newproduct which you can get from the Web. While still talking to the boss, you connectto the Web, down load some files, attach them to your report and send it to a definedgroup of people. All on the move.

This scenario will require considerable more than the 9.6 kbps or 14.4 kbps offered inGSM today.

Europes GSM operators currently see 2 to 3% of traffic as data. But enhancementsto GSM, such as HSCSD, EDGE and GPRS will bring high data rates and get theusers used to using data applications from a wireless terminal.


21/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-21

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Increasing GSM Data Rates

10 sec 1 min 10 min 1 hour0

UMTS

E/GPRS

ISDN

PSTN

GSM

webe-mail photo

web photoe-mail

web photo

videoclipreportphoto

web photoe-mail

Transmission Time

videoclipreport

videoclipreport

videoclipreport

videoclipreport

GSM today

We can currently use a data terminal attached to an MS to connect to any standarddata service provided by the PSTN, ISDN or PDN networks as long as the networkaccepts a data rate of 9.6 kbps and the IWF is equipped.

This includes access to the Web, e-mail, fax etc.. Use of these facilities is generallylimited due to the speed of the communication. Internet use is expensive and slowdue to the limited data rate and the circuit switched nature of the GSM system.

GSM 2+

HSCSD allows 14.4 kbps in one TS as from 1Q99 and multiple timeslots in the future.It is however, still a circuit switched system which will supply expensive connectionsunless the operators pricing schemes are imaginative. It will help those who use dataover GSM today and encourage others to use the services but it does involve acapacity penalty for the network.


22/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-22

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




throughputkb

ps

10 k

100 k

64 k

1 M

2 M

1 k 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 timeframe

EDGEEDGEUMTS

GPRSGPRS

alternative: A2

30 min delay

HSCSDHSCSD

intranet

9.69.6

SMSSMSFTSE-100index

14.414.4cir

cuit

pack

et

Mobile Data RateExplosion in Next 4 Years

Mobile Data RateExplosion in Next 4 Years

Mobile Data Technology Evolution

GPRS = General Packet Radio ServiceHSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched DataEDGE = Enhanced Data rate forGsm EvolutionUMTS = Universal Mobile Telecomunication System

Up to V10* the data services were limited to 9.6 kbps.

A new service has been standardized in ETSI to reach 14.4 kbps user rate (AUIR) onone TS. This enhancement is a part of a global strategy aimed at offering higher datarates.

This new data rate is the result of a new channel coding on the radio interface.

The BSS provides two modes:

transparent data service,

non transparent data service, using RLP protocol between MS and IWF.


23/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-23

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




GPRSGPRSPLMNPLMN

CorporateIntranet

General Packet Radio Service

X.25 PSPDNX.25 PSPDN

IP(Internet/Intranet)

GPRS is the first major revolution in GSM data, providing speeds over 100 kbit/s on a

pseudo-packet switched radio interface and a real packet switched NSS. This willencourage users to connect to high-speed applications across the wireless networkand optimises the network resources for data transmission.

There are however some limitations and the first implementations will have mobilityconstraints. However, it is likely to attract users to internet type services and providesoperators with a natural migration path towards 3G systems.


24/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-24

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


Enhanced Data rate for Gsm Evolution or EDGE is often referred to in GPRS context

as the combination of the two technologies is seen by some groups in the mobileindustry as an alternative for UMTS. This makes EDGE an alternative for operatorswithout an UMTS license who wish to offer medium-speed mobile data services.

EDGE is being defined for both GPRS and GSM data services. EDGE is aredefinition of the GSM modulation and coding scheme from GMSK to 8-PSK. It givesup to three times higher throughput compared to GSM, using the same bandwidth.This will enable end-user data rates of maximum 48 kbps per Time Slot for GPRSand 28.8 kbps per TS for GSM services.

By combining multiple TSs as with GPRS, data rates of 384 kbps can be achieved.



14,4

43,2

170300

380384

2000

1 10 100 1000 10000

GSM

HSCSD

GPRS

EDGE

UMTS

packetcircuit

speed kbpslog scale

GPRS and EDGE

New highly spectrum-efficient modulation for higher bit ratesGMSK modulation replaced with 8-Phase Shift Keying: throughput x 3

Appl icable to both HSCSD and GPRS

Rates expected to reach 300 kbps (E-HSCSD) and 380 kbps (E-GPRS)

Enhanced Data rate forGsm Evolution


25/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-25

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

Wireless office - Business

Tele conference

Sales order placement

Files transfer Intranet services

Travel - Car Centric Application

Video and graphic oriented navigation tool

Traffic intelligent information system

Emergency services

Location based yellow pages

Entertainment / Education / Personal Communication

Video/music on demand

Interactive games / Tele-tourism

Virtual school

Video telephony

alternative: A2

30 min delay

UMTS, or more precisely IMT2000, will at first provide a capacity advantage for

wireless data networks that become overcrowded. But it has to provide more thanthat. The higher data rates will allow applications such as video and multimedia to bea real option from a wireless terminal. And, the more open architecture will provide aservice environment allowing a wide range of services to be developed by operatorsand service specialists. Total global roaming is one of the objectives of thespecifications.

UMTS will take over from GSM 2+ systems to provide higher capacity and data rates.This will allow new applications to be developed but will require new terminals. Themost obvious scenario is for existing GSM operators to migrate through GSM 2+ to

GSM/UMTS hybrid networks.


26/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-26

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Section 3

Basic Network Overview


27/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-27

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




After completing this lesson you will be able to:

List the 3 sub-systems of a GSM system and their interfaces.

List the different equipment in each GSM sub-system.

Objectives


28/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-28

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Traffic

Signaling

bla bla bla...

RING !

riiiiing

Network

Traffic/Signaling

The network can carry two types of information:

Traffic: it concerns all the user to user information. It can be voice as well asdata.

Signaling: the network also requires to carry information for its own working.Their purposes are numerous: traffic data routing, maintenance, security... Thesedata are usually not visible from users point of view.

There exists several signaling types:

PTS (Per-Trunk Signaling): signaling and voice component are transmitted onthe same facility. PTS requires the voice component to be completely built, evenif the call cant be completed.

CCS (Common Channel Signaling): two separate paths are used for informationtransfer (one for traffic, another for all-related signaling information). Thus, CCSallows the voice component to be built separately which allows resources to besaved. For instance, no voice facilities would be assigned to the call if the dialednumber is busy.

GSM works with CCS(#7)


29/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-29

Introduction

J anuary, 2000



"Confidentialinformation--maynotbecopiedordisclosedwithoutpermission". BSC MSC

BTS

OMC-R OMC-S

MS

BSSBSS NSSNSS

OSS

PSTNPSTN

Network Overview

A GSM system is basically designed as a combination of three major subsystems:

the Network SubSystem (NSS), the radio subsystem called the Base stationSubSystem(BSS), and the Operation SubSystem(OSS).

The Network SubSystem(NSS) includes the equipment and functions related to end-to-end-calls, management of subscribers, mobility, and interfaces with the fixednetwork (PSTN). It is built on the switch of the system called Mobile-servicesSwitching Center (MSC).

The Base station SubSystem (BSS) includes the equipment and functions related tothe management of the connection on the radio path. It mainly consists of BaseTransceiver Stations (BTS) communicating with the Mobile Station (MS) and oneBase Station Controller (BSC) managing the flow of information between the BTSs

and the MSC.The Operation SubSystem (OSS) mainly contains Operation and MaintenanceCenter for NSS (OMC-S) and Operation and Maintenance Center devoted to the BSS(OMC-R). It is connected to all equipment in the switching system and to the BSC(BTSs are not connected to the OSS).

Any mobile network or PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) is related to a publicfixed network, commonly to the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network).


30/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-30

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




+G S M

Global GSM MobilityCardThe Smart Card to use

SIM Card

+

BatteryHandset

battery

2Wjmhfodkgdjipj

f153454

Mobile Station

=

Mobile Station

The Mobile Station (MS) is composed of three parts:

the handset includes the radio equipment (receiver-transmitter) and the Man-Machine Interface (MMI),

the SIM card (Subscriber Identity Module-card): this smart card allows theidentification of any subscriber (not only of his equipment) by the network. Inparticular, he can borrow any mobile without changing anything from the networkpoint of view since he keeps the same SIM-card,

the battery.


31/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-31

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




G S M


+

SIM-Card

Handset

Subscriber knows- Called party number = MS-ISDN- PIN

Contains:- IMSI

=Calling line0609225831

SIM-Card and GSM Mobile Equipment

The GSM committee has introduced an important powerful innovation by using a

Smart Card in conjunction with a mobile telephone. Thus GSM subscribers areprovided with a Subscriber Identity Module card (SIM-Card) with its uniqueidentification at the very beginning of the service.

The subscriber is identified within the system when he inserts the SIM-Card in themobile equipment and switches it on. This provide a considerable amount of flexibilityto the subscribers since they can use any GSM-specified mobile equipment.

With the SIM-Card the idea of "personal communication" is already realized: the useronly needs to take his smart card on a trip. You can rent a mobile equipment unit atthe destination, even in other country, and insert your own SIM-Card. Any call youmake will be charged to your home GSM account. Also the GSM system is able to

reach you at the mobile unit you are currently using.The Mobile Station (MS) includes radio equipment and the man machine interface(MMI) that a subscriber needs in order to access the services provided by the GSMnetwork.

Mobile Stations can be installed in vehicles or can be portable or hand-held stations.

The mobile station includes provisions for data communication as well as voice.

Mobile Stations transmit and receive messages to and from the GSM over the airinterface to establish and continue connection through the system.

Each mobile station has an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) that ispermanently stored in the mobile unit. Upon request, the MS sends this number overthe signaling channel to the network. The IMEI is used to identify mobile units thatare reported stolen or operating incorrectly.


32/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-32

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




25 mm

15 mm

Microchip with storeduser information

Credit Card Size

Permanent data:- Unique mobile subscriber identitythrough IMSI number,

- Authentication parameter Ki,- Authentication algorithm A3,

- Generating encryption key Kcalgorithm A8.

Removable data:- Temporary Mobile Subscriber Number,- Location Area Identification.

SIM-Card

G S M


The SIM-Card Functions

The SIM-Card is a removable smart card, the size of a credit card, and contains an

integrated circuit chip with a microprocessor, random access memory, and read-onlymemory.

Many MSs use the SIM-Card which can be snapped out of the credit card SIM, ifrequired.

When a mobile users want to make a call, they insert their SIM-Card and providetheir Personal Identity Number (PIN), which is compared with a PIN stored within theSIM-CARD.

The PIN can also be permanently bypassed by the subscribers if authorized by theservice provider. Disabling the PIN code simplifies the call setup but reduces the

protection of the user's account in the event of a stolen SIM-CARD.


33/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-33

Introduction

J anuary, 2000



"Confidentialinformation--maynotbecopiedordisclosedwithoutpermission". Nature

International Mobile SubscriberIdentity

Conformity with E212

Mobile Station -Integrated Services Digital Network Nb

Similar to ISDN,Conformity with E164/E213

Nb. digits 3 2 max 10 1 to 3 2 to 4 total max 15

* This code does not identify a geographical areabut an o perator

MS - ISDN

Format MCC MNCMSIN

H1 H2 x x x ......... x x xCC NDC SN

M1 M2 x x x x x x x x

Meaning

MobileCountry

Code

MobileNetwork

Code

Mobile SubscriberIdent. Nb

H1 H2 = Identity of HLRwithin the home PLMN

CountryCode

(wheresubscriptionhas been made)

NationalDestination

Code *

Mobile Subscriber(national definitio n)

M1 M2 = nbr of logical HLR

IMSI

National Significant Mobile NumberIdentify a PLMNworldwide

Identify the subscriberof a PLMN

Subscriber Identification

The International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) is the primary identification of

the subscriber within the GSM network and is permanently assigned to him.

The Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number (MSISDN) is the number that the callingparty dials in order to reach the GSM subscriber. It is used by the land networks toroute calls toward an appropriate GSM network. MSISDN is stored in HLR.


34/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-34

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Type Approval

Code

TAC FAC SNR SP

Final AssemblyCode

Serial number (SPare)

TYPE

APPR

OVED

Mobile Identification

Stored inside the Mobile Equipment.

Used to replace IMSI or TMSI when both are unavailable (example: Emergency callswithout SIM-Card) or when required by the network (for maintenance).

Can be used for EIR database updating (when existing):

TAC = 6 digits describing the type of equipment,

FAC = 2 digits for identification of the factory,

SNR = 6 digits for the serial number of the device.


35/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-35

Introduction

J anuary, 2000



"Confidentialinformation--maynotbecopiedordisclosedwithoutpermission". Revision level (Phase 1, 2, 2+)

RF power

Encryption algorithm (A5/1,A5/2)

Frequency (900/1800/1900)

Short message

Classmark

ClassGSM900

GSM1800

GSM1900

Power classes

1

2

3

4

5

8 W*

5 W

2 W**

0.8 W

1 W**

0.25 W

4 W

1 W**

0.25 W

4 W

* Typical value for car mounted** Typical value for handheld

MS Classmark

The type of MS must be given to the NSS at the beginning of each new connection,

because this type can change between calls. The subscriber may insert this SIM-Card into another Mobile Equipment (ME).

The classmark of each MS can contain up to five parameters:

revision level,

RF power capability,

encryption algorithm: A5/1, A5/2,

frequency capability: P-GSM (2 x 25 MHz), E-GSM (2 x 35 MHz), R-GSM(2 x 4 MHz), GSM 1800, GSM 1900,

short message capability.This classmark is sent when the system establishes the radio link between MS andthe Base Transceivers Stations.

The power class information is the maximum power the MS is able to transmit and isused by the network for several procedures: selection, power control, handover.


36/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-36

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




PocketHands-free Data

Booster2 W 5 W2 W 8 W

Fax Organizer PC

Dual-band900-1800900-1900

Java

Trends in Mobile Station

Trends for MS are:

Hands-free (2 W + booster 5 W).Increasing autonomy:

- idle mode: 40 hours to 140 hours,

- communication mode: 4 hours to 15 hours,

Supplementary features (e.g. display of calling number).

Additional features (e.g. voice recognition).

Connection with terminals for data transmission:

- Modem on PCMCIA board for Laptop PC.- Modem integrated.

Dual-band terminal (GSM 900/1800 MHz).

Radio organizer (Nokia 9000).

Versatile terminal (under J AVA softwares): fax, internet, pager, organizer.


37/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-37

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


The Base Station SubSystem (BSS) is a set of equipment (aerials, transceivers and

a controller) that is viewed by the Mobile Switching Center through a single Ainterface as being the entity responsible for communicating with mobile telephonesor Mobile Stations (MSs) in a certain area.

The radio equipment of a BSS may be composed of one or more cells, such a BSSmay contain one or more Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs).

The interface between the BSC and the BTSs is called anAbis inter face.

The BSS includes two types of equipment:

the Base Transceiver Station (BTS functionally includes also the TRAU) incontact with the mobile stations through the radio interface,

the BSC, the latter being in contact with the Mobile Switching Center.

A BSS contains only one Base Station Controller (BSC).

The function split is basically between a transmission equipment, the BTS, and theBSC.



TCU

BSCOMC-R

MSCRadio

InterfaceA In ter face

Ater Interface

Abis Interface

NSS

BSS

OMN Interface

Public Telephone Network

MS

MS

S2000H&LBTS

S8000Indoor

BTS

S8000Outdoor

BTS

Sun

StorEdgeA5000

RadioInterface

BSS Architecture


38/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-38

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




NSS Architecture

MSC

MSC

BSC

BSC

AuC EIR

VLR HLR

PSTN

BSCs of a same area are connected to a switch. In a GSM system this switch is

called MSC (Mobile Switching Center). MSCs are connected to each others.Usually, each MSC is associated to four databases.

The Visitor Location Register (VLR) memorizes information about the subscribersphysically present in a geographic area. If a subscriber leaves this area, thisinformation is stored in the VLR of another MSC.

Each Home Location Register (HLR) is related to a precise number of subscribers.The information present in a subscribers HLR are quite similar to these contained inthe VLR of the area where he is but, here, this information is static. Thus the VLRstands for a copy of the HLR more easily available (the VLR and the MS are in the

same area). They are always linked, since the HLR memorizes the identity number ofthe VLR where it can find its subscriber.

Authentication Center (AuC): Radio channel use sets a problem of communicationsafety. In particular operators have to pay attention to the fraudulent resources use.Therefore the network is provided with a system of user authentication.

The Equipment Identity Register (EIR) is a list of all the Mobile Equipment: it containsvalid and invalid mobile equipment.

When a communication comes from the PSTN to a given subscriber, it enters thenetwork in the MSC that contains the subscribers HLR. This MSC is called GMSC

(Gateway MSC).


39/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-39

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




1- How many sizes of SIM-Card are there?

2- What is an IMSI? a MSISDN? an IMEI?

4- Is it possible for a given subscriber to have several MSISDN?

3- What is a PIN code?

Check Your Learning

1- How many sizes of SIM-Card are there?

2- What is an IMSI? a MSISDN? an IMEI?

3- What is a PIN code?

4- Is it possible for a given subscriber to have several MSISDN?


40/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-40

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Services

Section 4


41/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-41

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Af ter completing th is sect ion you wil l be able to: Relate the services that can be offered to GSM subscribers

This section explores the services that are provided

in a GSM network.

Objectives


42/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-42

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


Teleservices cover regular telephony, emergency calls, voice messaging, and short

messages handling.

The most important service provided by GSM users is telephony which enables bi-directional speech calls to be placed between GSM users and any telephonesubscriber who is reachable through the general telephony network.

Fixed telephone subscribers worldwide as well as mobile network subscribers orsubscribers of specific networks connected to a public telephone network can bereached.

Before either Mobile Originated or Mobile Terminated calls can be established, themobile telephone must be switched on and registered into the system.



Hello

1

Speaking

Speaking

1

Originatedcall

Terminatedcall

Hello

Teleservices

1 - Telephony


43/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-43

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


To place an emergency call enter 112 followed by SEND. Additional means to place

such call are also allowed by a dedicated button.

The Mobile Telephone supports the initiation of an emergency call without a SIMpresent in it, regardless of the call being accepted or not by the network.

Note that calls to national emergency services may be standard for the country of theserving GSM network (number 17 to call the police in France, number 911 to makean emergency call in U.S.A.).However, with the exception of code "112", these are not treatedwithin the GSMnetwork as "teleservice emergency call" and would require a valid IMSI.



G S M


Do not require a SIM-Cardwhi le "112" is invoked

Emergency112

Teleservices

2 - Emergency Call


44/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-44

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


The cell broadcast enables an Information Provider to submit short messages for

broadcasting to a specified area within the GSM network.

The cell broadcast service has the following features:

The cell broadcast message is sent (on control channels) in a limited area,defined by the originator of the message, by agreement with the GSM Operator.

The mobile telephone only receive the broadcast message in idle mode.

The short message function running in the mobile is able not to store broadcastmessages which are not wanted or which have already been received.

The mobile telephone does not send acknowledgment.

The GSM network continuously sends cell broadcast messages so that all suchmessages are sent in turn, an then repeated. On the other hand, the cycle time isshort enough for important messages to be received by travelers (subscribers)moving through a group of cells.

The maximum length of each cell broadcast message will be 93 characters andGSM specifications allows up to 15 of these 93 character messages treated assegment of a longer message.



GSM Network

messageB

messageB

messa

geB

messa

geB

messageA

messa

geA

message

A

messag

eA

Information

Provider B

InformationProvider A

Teleservices

3 - Short Message Cell Broadcast


45/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-45

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




SMS-MO/ PPRadioPLMN

SMS-MT/ PP

RadioPLMN

Copyright 1996 Northern Telecom

Teleservices

4 - Short Message Service

SMS-SC

Short Message Service (SMS) allows the point to point transmission of a short

message to/from MS, using their IMSI.A short message is an alphanumeric string that can be up to 160 characters long(140 octets).

Two different types of short message are defined:

short message MT/PP (Mobile Terminated / Point to Point),

short message MO/PP (Mobile Originated / Point to Point).

Point to point messages may be sent or received when the MS is engaged on a call(voice or data), or in idle mode.However, messages which overlap the boundary of such a call, or during a handover,may be lost, in which case they will be sent again.

Messages may be input to the SC from a fixed network customer by means of asuitable telecommunication service either from the fixed network or from a mobilenetwork customer.

An acknowledgment indicates that the GSM Network has successfully transferred themessage to the mobile telephone or the SC.

Optionally, the SC may offer final delivery notification to the originator. This deliveryreport indicates whether this particular message has been correctly received at thereceiving station or not, to the extent that the SC is able to establish this.It does not indicate whether the message has been read. If the delivery report isnegative, it includes the failure cause. The delivery report is sent to the originator, ifreachable, as soon as the information is available.


46/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-46

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Al ternate Speech and Fax:

Automat ic fax:

Teleservices

5 - Fax

Fax transmissions are possible via a PLMN only with a Fax-group3 (14.4 kbps).

Two modes are available:

manual mode allows to switch alternatively from voice transmission to faxtransmission,

automatic mode allows to send and receive a fax without any humanintervention; however, voice transmission is impossible in this mode.


47/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-47

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


Connections can be made with a suitable data/fax kit adaptation either to other

Mobile Station or to other data users on circuit-switched (PSTN).

The slide gives an example of a suitable data/fax kit and a computer that are directlyconnected to the MS.

In the case of making a Fax-call to a PSTN subscriber, the GSM networkautomatically selects the suitable modem for the link to the similar modem at theremote end.



Teleservicesvoice

TeleservicesFax G3, SMS

Cable thatbears data

Embodiedbearer

treatments forradio transmission

Data / Faxkit adaptation

Teleservices

6 - User's Data Call Features


48/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-48

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


Another service derived from telephony is voice messaging. Many operators offer it

as a basic feature.

It enables a voice message to be stored for later retrieval by the mobile recipient,either because he was not reachable at time of the call or because the calling partychoose to access the voice mailbox of the GSM subscriber directly.



Voicemessageserver

Please leavea message

after the tone

GSMnetwork

1

Busy

Voice mailbox

Forwardto voicemail box

Warming up...

You have3 voices

messages...

Retrieving the voicemessages

Teleservices

7 - Voice Messaging


49/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-49

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


Calling line identification presentation (CLIP) provides the ability to indicate the

ISDN number of the calling party with possible additional address information to thecalled party. This identity is provided to the called subscriber before answering, thusenabling him to make the decision of whether to take the call or not.

Calling line identification restriction (CLIR) enables the calling party not to sendany address information to the called party.

Connected line identification presentation (CoLP) provides the GSM caller withthe phone number he has reached.

Connected line identification restriction (CoLR) enables the called party not tosend its phone number to the calling party.

Calling Name Presentation (CNAP) provides the calling party name instead of theISDN number. However, this service is not yet specified by GSM recommendations.



Calling line0609225831

Cnted l ine0609173957

Calling Line Identification

presentation (CLIP)

restriction (CLIR)

Connected Line Identification

presentation (CoLP)

restriction (CoLR)

Calling Name Presentation(CNAP)

Calling PartyCoLPCLIR

Called PartyCLIPCoLR

Supplementary Services

1 - Line Identification


50/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-50

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


Call forwarding uncondit ional (CFU) allows a called mobile subscriber to have the

network send all incoming calls, which are addressed to the called mobilesubscribers directory number, to another directory number.

Call forwarding on mobile subscriber busy (CFB): allows a called mobilesubscriber to have the network send the incoming calls, which are addressed to thecalled mobile subscribers directory number and which meet mobile subscriber busy,definition to another directory number.

Call forwarding on no reply (CFNRy) allows an called mobile subscriber to havethe network send the incoming calls, which are addressed to the subscribersdirectory number and which meet no reply, to another directory number.

Call forwarding on MS not reachable (CFNRc) provides for a mobile subscriber tohave the network send all incoming calls, which are addressed to the called mobiledirectory number and meet the not reachable definition, to another directory number.



unconditional (CFU)

on busy (CFB)

on no reply (CFNRy)

on not reachable (CFNRc)1 2


2 - Call Transfer and Call Forwarding


51/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-51

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


Call waiting (CW): provides a mobile subscriber with the possibility of being notified

of an incoming call while his mobile telephone is in the busy state. Subsequently, theuser can either answer, reject, or ignore the incoming call. Both the call waiting andcall hold (described further) options are the same as those offered by the PSTN.

Call Hold (HOLD): allows a served mobile subscriber to interrupt communication onan existing call and then subsequently, if desired, to reestablish communication.

Multi party service (MPTY):

This Supplementary Service provides a mobile subscriber with the ability to havea multi-connection call, in other words a simultaneous communication with more

than one party.A precondition for the multi-party service is that the served mobile subscriber is incontrol of one active call and one call on hold, both calls having been answered.In this situation the served mobile subscriber can request the network to beginthe multiParty service.

Once a multiParty call is active, remote parties may be added, disconnected orseparated (i.e.. removed from the multiParty call but remain connected to theserved mobile subscriber).

The maximum number of remote parties is 5.



1 2

HOLD

1 2

WAIT

1

2

Multi Party:1

2

Max = 5 persons

Waiting / Hold:


3 - Waiting / Hold and Multi Party


52/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-52

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


Barring of all outgoing call (BAOC): makes it possible for a mobile subscriber to

prevent all outgoing calls.

Barring outgoing international calls (BOIC): allows a mobile subscriber to preventall attempted outgoing calls.

BOIC except those directed to the home PLMN country (BOIC-exHC)

Barring of all incoming international (BAIC).

Barring of all incoming calls when roaming outside the home GSM network

country (BIC-Roam): makes it possible for a mobile subscriber to prevent allincoming calls that would otherwise be terminated at his directory number. This onlyapplies to the case when the mobile subscriber roams outside his home GSMnetwork.


"Confidentialinformation--maynotbecopiedordisclosedwithoutpermission". z Outgoing (BAOC)

z Outgoing international (BOIC)

z Outgoing internationalexcept home PLMN country (BOIC-exHC)

z Incoming (BAIC)

z Incoming when roaming outside(BIC-Roam)


4 - Call Barring


53/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-53

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


Completion of calls to busy subscr ibers (CCBS): allows a calling mobile

subscriber who encounters a busy called subscriber to be notified by the systemoperator when the busy called subscriber becomes free and have the operator re-initiate the call if the caller so desires.This feature has to be supported by both the originating and the terminatingnetworks.



2

Speaking

1

1

HELLO

Unable to place

a call.

Reinitiatethe call

SPEAKING

BUSY...

Speaking

Call isestablished

1

This call in state

Idle

Ring !Ring !

NEW!


5 - Call Completion (CCBS)


54/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-54

Introduction

J anuary, 2000


Advice of charge Information (AoCI): informs the user of the real-time information

on progress of the cost of the call.

Advice of charge Charging (AoCC): the mobile may be a money-operated mobiletelephone or a standard mobile station that can display the charging information andcan accept either coins or charge a credit-card.


"Confidentialinformation--maynotbecopiedordisclosedwithoutpermission". information on progress

of the cost of the call

Completion of callneed charging

Insert aSIM credit Card

Advice of Charge Information (AoCI)

Advice of Charge Charging (AoCC)


6 - Advice of Charge


55/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-55

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




The aim of the CAMEL (CustomizedApplication forMobile network Enhanced

Logic) is to prov ide GSM network operators with the ability to create specificservices in their home network, and export these services to their subscr iberswhen roaming outside the home network.CAMEL introduces the ability to provide location dependent IN type of servicesto mobiles subscribers.

Intelligent Network Services

IN and CAMEL

Main IN Services:

Personal Number Virtual Private Network (VPN) Sponsored Cell & Call Prepaid Calling Location Inquiry Geo Zone

The Intelligent Network or IN is a switching network concept.

Its idea is to make GSM services system an open system; that is to say new servicesmodules can always be added on the previous system without changing itsarchitecture.

Basic call processing is performed by the switch and when it recognizes that a callrequires an IN service, this service processing is provided by another entity, locatedeither in the same site or in a remote site.

This concept allows to implement numerous new services such as:

Personal Number: gives the GSM subscribers more control over incoming calls,

Virtual Private Network: a set of corporate services that enables similar functionsto those of private network, among a group of GSM subscribers,

Sponsored Cell and Call: allows a third party, as sponsor, to play announcementat the beginning of the call,

Prepaid Calling: allows subscriber to pay in advance for the calls they will make.

To communicate between Intelligent Network platforms, GSM specifications defineCAMEL (Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic).

The aim of the CAMEL is to provide network operators with the ability to createspecific services in their home network, and export these services to their subscriberswhen roaming outside the home network.

CAMEL introduces the ability to provide location dependent IN type of services tomobiles subscribers: Location Enquiry and Geo Zone.


56/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-56

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




IN Services: Virtual Private Network

Copyright

1996NorthernTelecom


Co

pyright1996NorthernTelecom

* 0

1 2ABC

#* 0

3DEF4GHI5JKL 6MNO7PRS8TUV9WXY

4446

c1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

*o+

c1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

*o+

44465696

4197

4197

5696

Copyright

1996NorthernTelecom

XX

London

BristolCopyright 1996 Northern Telecom

Copyright1996 Northern Telecom

Copyright1996NorthernTelecom

Corporate Numbering Plan

Lower rate for on-net calls

Closed User Group

Wireline Access

Speed Dialing

Location & Timedependant rout ing

Location & Timedependant screening

50 c/min

25 c/min

25 c/min

25 c/min

924 63256

Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a set of corporate services that enables private

network like features among a group of GSM subscribers and wireline users; thus,corporations can distribute GSM phones to their employees, providing them withmany of the services that they use on their existing corporate network:

Private Numbering Plan: subscribers can reach all members of the corporate privatenetwork, GSM as well as wireline, by dialing their usual internal number instead of thelonger, harder to remember, public number.

Off Net Calling: subscribers are allowed to call public numbers that are outside thecorporate private network.

Forced On Net Calling: when a subscriber makes a call to a member of the corporateprivate network using their public number (he must also be provisioned with Off Net

Calling), the feature recognizes the call as a private call and treats it as such(appropriate billing, etc.).

White (/Black) List Screening: subscribers with White (/ Black) List, can only (/ can not)place calls to numbers listed on it.

Geographic Routing: specific numbers can be configured to route calls differentlydepending on the location of the caller.

Time Screening (/ Routing): some specific numbers can be configured to restrict access(/ to route calls differently) depending on the time of the day, day of the week, day of theyear or whether the day is a statutory holiday.

Privileged Routing: specific numbers can be configured to route calls differentlydepending on the identity of the caller.

Closer user group (CUG): provides the possibility for a group of subscribers, connectedto the GSM network and or to the PSTN/ISDN, to communicate only among themselvesor receive external calls; emergency calls still are available.


57/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-57

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




IN Services: Prepaid Calling

Account statusenquiry andnotification

Copyright

1996NorthernTelecom

Your accountbalanceis $ 24.50

Copyright

1996NorthernT

elecom

Lastcallcosts$0.50Newbalanceis$24.50

Flexible features for easyservice packaging

Multiple Tariff Plans

Tariffs using fixed charge, CC, NC, distance, time & day, roaming

charges...

Possible language selection by subscriber

Bulk account loading for easy provisioning

Multiple recharging options


RANK1ONE5542 1139 1464 228 99494

6/91 6/99VALIDDATES

SCOOBY DOO

Prepaid Calling enables subscribers to control their phone call expenditure, by

deciding how much to spend and limiting themselves to that amount if required.Subscribers pay in advance for their calls and get their calls released when thebalance becomes null; thus, subscribers get a cost-control (useful for rentalcompanies, hotels, special events, parents wanting to give mobiles to their children).

With Prepaid Calling, subscribers are able to:

make and receive calls (service is totally transparent to the subscriber duringnormal use),

be notified of a low balance or a pending expiry date (if the threshold is reached,the subscriber can be notified by warning tones before the call is taken down),

use Voice Mail,

query the status of their account at any time from any phone and recharge theiraccount.

The subscriber can also be informed of his account balance and of the cost of his lastcall, at the end of each call, via a short message.

Additionally, the Operator can apply different rates to calls and manage the life ofprepaid subscriptions.

Nortels prepaid solution currently supports all major recharging options, for increased

service usage and enhanced customer satisfaction:automatically, by vouchers (e.g. scratch card),

automatically, by credit card,

manually (through Customer Services), by any means of payment.


58/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-58

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




IN Services: Sponsored Cell & Call


Today, up to 50 % offon handbags !

Sponsors can also change theirannouncements on the phone

...made fromspecified

locationsat predefinedtimes of day

Sponsors cantarget specificcustomersby sponsoringsome of theircalls...

Copyright

1996NorthernTelecom

Your next twominute callingis brought to you free todaybyThe leather Shop locatedonfirstlevel of the CentralShopping Centre.Comeand visitusToday, up to 50 % off onhandbags !

Calls fromthislocation aresponsored.Todaybuyone

dinner atBellinis onKeithStreet, nearthecinemas, and getonefree!

Service can be offered via accesscode or through subscription



Sponsored Cell & Call allows a third party (the sponsor) to play a promotional

announcement at the beginning of a call and for this service, pays for part of theongoing call.

The main features of Sponsored Cell & Call are:

Choice to sponsor the call & choice of sponsor based on one or more of the following:

the calling party location,

the calling party profile (age ...),

time of day, day of week,

destination (emergency, freephone ...).

Sponsor can change his announcement on the phone.

User can specify certain destinations as not sponsored.

User can have the choice of having his call sponsored or not.

User can cut through the announcement, but the call is not sponsored.

User can be prevented from cutting through the announcement.


59/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-59

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




PromotionalInformations:

call #15

IN Services: Location Inquiry


Possible customization of announcementdirectly by the advertiser

Todays special atThe Anchor is Mainelobster soup

Be the first ten caller andget a free cocktail !

The closest restaurants are:

The Wind J ammeron 132 FlintonStreetSea foodPhone 55 1968press 1 to connect

The Palaceon 11 BourkeStreetChinesefoodPhone 55 0407press 2 to connect

Copyr

ight

1996NorthernTelecom


Cell dependent information

Direct connection to advertisers

The closest restaurants are:

The Tower, Tower Hill,Phone 56 4589,Press 1 to connect

The AnchorSt Catherine DockPhonce56 2548Press 2 to connect

Location Inquiry provides GSM subscribers with information on where to locate

useful services in their current vicinity.It enables easy connection to any service they are interested in and wish to talk to.

However, while GSM subscribers are out of the office or away from home, they do nothave access to this information easily e.g. yellow pages, guides.

Most of time, they may be even more reliant on this information because they oftenare in a foreign environment, e.g. in another part of town or out of town.

The Location Inquiry service brings in a third party known as the Advertiserwhoseeks to sell their products/services using the operators network.

Location Inquiry may also list services such as hospitals, doctors, pharmacies, etc.

and be promoted as a personal security service.The main features of Location Inquiry are:

location dependent information based on subscribers cell,

possible customization of the announcement by the advertiser (special offer ofthe day ...).


60/406

PE/TRD/CN/0101 12.01/EN 1-60

Introduction

J anuary, 2000




Different rates applied to calls made from specific locations


50 c/min 10 c/min15 c/min

Specific rates applied to calls made from Home/Office zone

Home ZoneOffice ZoneWide Area

Cellular

Co p y r ig h t

1 9 9 6

No rthe rn

T e l e c o m

Multiple zones can be defined

Notification of currentzone before call set-up:

when in home/office zoneand/or

when out of zones


This call is beingmade outside of yourhome zone.

Waitto complete itorha

gsm system and products overview

Documents