guava production sereddy

7/28/2019 Guava Production Sereddy

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S ESWARA REDDY


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Kingdom: PlantaeDivision: MagnoliophytaClass: MagnoliopsidaSubclass: RosidaeOrder: MyrtalesFamily: MyrtaceaeSubfamily: MyrtoideaeTribe: MyrteaeGenus: Psidium
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnoliopsidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtaleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrtoideae&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrteae&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrteae&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrtoideae&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtaceaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtaleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnoliopsidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant


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Guava is a subtropical crop. It is one of the mostcommon and major fruits of India and considered thefourth most important fruit in area and productionaftermango, banana, and citrus.

It is a hardy and prolific bearer and highlyremunerative fruit.

Guava is native to tropical America and seems tohave been growing from Mexico to Peru. It isbelieved to be introduced in to India during early 17thcentury.

In A.P it is commercially grown in Telengana, North

coastal districts and Ananthapur in Rayalaseema.


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COMMON GUAVA, PER 165 g. OFINDIVIDUAL FRUIT PORTION

Calories 112 kcal.

Moisture 133 g

Dietary Fiber 8.9 g (36%)

Protein 4.2 g (8%)

Fat 1.6 g (2%)

Ash 2.3 g

Carbohydrates 23.6 g (8%)

Calcium 30 mg (3%)

Phosphorus 66 mg (7%)

Iron 0.4 mg (2%)

Potassium 688 mg (20%)

Copper 0.4 mg (19%)

Beta-carotene (Vitamin A) 1030 IU (21%)

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 377 mg (628%)

Thiamin (Vitamin B1) 0.1 mg (7%)

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 0.1 mg (4%)

Niacin (Vitamin B3) 1.8 mg (9%)Folic acid 81 mcg (20%)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_Fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-carotenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascorbic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiaminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niacinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niacinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiaminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascorbic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-carotenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-carotenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-carotenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_Fiber


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Guava cultivation can be extended tovarying agro-climatic regions owing towider adaptability.

Guava can be successfully cultivatedboth under tropical and subtropicalconditions. It does well up to an altitudeof 1,000-1,500 meters. It grows best with

an annual rainfall below 100cmrestricted between June-September.


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Places having more than 250cm rainfallare not suitable for guava.

Under heavy rains and high relativehumidity brings down the quality of fruits.Optimum temperature requirement is 23-

28 C. The areas having distinct winter season, is

considered best for increasing yield andimproving quality. The humid conditions

lead to luxuriant growth of the trees andyield fruits of poor quality.


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It can be grown as rain fed as well as

irrigated crop depending upon agroclimatic conditions. At the time offlowering and fruiting, it requires dryclimate.

High temperature and high velocitywinds at fruit development period leadto heavy fruit drop.


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Guava adapts well to a wide range of soils.Well-drained, light sandy loam to clay soils isgood.

Since it is a hardy fruit crop, it can be grown

on alkaline soils wastelands etc. It is sensitive to waterlogged conditions.

It tolerates a wide range of pH from 4.5 to8.5.If the soils are having a pH of 7.5 andabove there are more chances of gettingguava wilt.

Some varieties like Lucknow- 49 can begrown in saline soils also.


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Basically basing on seed content inguava there are two types

SEEDLESS

VARIETY

SEEDED

VARIETY


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They are triploids with irregular shape and low

productivity and plants are very vigorous ingrowth. Hence, unfit for commercial cultivation.

Two types of fruits, completely seedless andpartly seeded, are borne on a plant of seedless

variety. The completely seedless fruits develop on the

shoots arising from the stem and these arebigger in size and irregular in shape.

The partly seeded fruits are borne on normalshoots at the periphery and are small in sizeand round in shape.

The important seedless varieties are -NAGPURSEEDLESS, SAHARANPUR SEEDLESS.


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Seeded guavas are more commercial,high yields with excellent quality.

The seeded guavas are diploids. Seedsrange from 250-500 / fruit.

Based on colour of the flesh again thereare two typesWhite fleshed and red

fleshed. Among these two, white fleshed are

more common and red-fleshed are lesscommon.


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1) Allahabad safeda,

2) Lucknow-49,

3) Arka Mridula4) Red fleshed and

5) Allahabad Surkha etc.


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SAEFD JAM: This is a hybrid variety released from Fruit research

station, Sangareddy (A.P.). It is a cross between Allahabad Safeda and Kohir. Fruit

size is bigger with less seed and vitamin C is more incomparison to their parents.

KOHIR SAFEDA: It is cross between Kohir and Allahabad safeda . Fruit is large in size, slightly acidic. Yield 300 fruits per

tree.

Other varieties like Nasik, Dharwar, Apple colour,Banarasi, Hafsi, Anakapalli, Harijha and Chiitdar etc.are also considered as good cultivars.


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SAEFD JAM

KOHIR

SAFEDA


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Guava can be propagated both by seed andvegetaively.

SEED PROPAGATION

It is still common to raise commercial orchards bypropagation from seeds.

This practice is not advisable because this would leadto lot of variation among trees in fruit size, yield andquality.

Hence, it is very important to plant an orchard onlywith vegetaively propagated plants of known variety.


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Regarding budding, shield or patchbudding is generally practiced and thebest time is May-June.

Inarching is another common method ofvegetative propagation and it is good todo it in the month of July-August for high

success. Propagation of Guava by cuttings under

ordinary conditions is not successful. It isonly successful under intermittent mist

conditions with the aid of rootinghormones like IBA and NAA. Hence,propagation through cuttings is notgenerally followed.


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Some times stooling is practiced but thesuccess is very poor, so it is not generallyfollowed.

Guava can also be propagated throughroot suckers but it not possible to obtain

large number of suckers to raiseorchards.

The commercial method of propagationfor guava is air layering / pot layering or

inarching


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Guava is a hardy plant and generally itdoesnt require much irrigation.

But the yield and quality improvemarkedly by irrigation in summer.

The young guava plants need irrigation

at weekly interval during summer monthsand 2-3 irrigations during winter months.


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Just after transplanting, watering isnecessary in the absence of rains.

For bearing trees irrigations are neededfor flowering and better fruit setting.

Fruit size is reduced, if sufficient soil

moisture is not maintained. Irrigation is also required to check

excessive fruit drop during summer

months.


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Seedling guava trees require 4-5 years tobear, while vegetatively propagatedplants start bearing from third year afterplanting.

The fruits turn greenish yellow with theapproach of maturity are consideredready for harvesting.

Guava fruits mature for harvesting after 4-5 months of anthesis. However it dependsupon the climatic conditions and variety.


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Fruits on ripening give excellent taste and

flavour characteristic of a particular variety.

The fruits should be harvested immediately

when it is mature, because it cannot be

retained on the tree in ripe stage.

Mature or half ripe fruits are preferred for

consumption. Hand picking at regularintervals is suggested to avoid possible

damage to fruits instead of shaking the tree.

The fruits should not be allowed to over ripen

on the trees as they deteriorate in quality

and are more liable to be damaged by

birds. Individual fruits are picked when they

are still hard and firm at regular intervals


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HARVESTED GUAVAS


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The yield of guava varies due to differentvarieties, age of the plants, fruitingseason and orchard management

practices etc.

Seedling tree of guava of 10 years oldyields about 400-500 fruits.

Grafted tree yields 1000-2000 fruits whereas good orchard yields about 25-30tonnes per hectare.


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PICTURE GALLERY


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