gulf coast chp applications center daniel bullock director, gulf coast chp applications center...
TRANSCRIPT
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Daniel BullockDirector, Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Houston Advanced Research Center
Moving knowledge to action to improve human well-being and the environment
Resilient Energy Systems:The CHP Solution
Katrina Forum: Sept. 25, 2006
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Houston Advanced Research Center
• Established 1982• Non-profit scientific research
institute• Sustainable development
mission– Environmental technology
commercialization
– Research Management
– Air Quality focus
• Located in the Woodlands, TX• Website: www.harc.edu
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Regional Application Centers
Mid Atlanticwww.chpcenterma.org
Midwestwww.chpcentermw.org
Pacificwww.chpcenterpr.org
Northwest Regionwww.chpcenternw.org
Northeastwww.northeastchp.org
Intermountainwww.IntermountainCHP.org
The regional application centers will promote combined heating and power (CHP) technology and practices, serve as a central repository and clearinghouse of CHP information, and identify and help implement regional CHP projects.
Gulf Coastwww.gulfcoastchp.org
Southeasternwww.chpcenterse.org
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Observations from Hurricanes Katrina & Rita
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Observation 1
Over reliance on the central station electric utility model increased our
vulnerability to the hurricanes.
• The wood pole T&D system did not survive either Hurricanes Katrina or Rita and the result was prolonged power outages.
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Hurricane Rita
• T&D Infrastructure Replacements
– 981 wood transmission structures
– 26 steel lattice transmission structures
– 8970 wood distribution poles
– 8040 distribution transformers
• 18,000 non-Entergy workers helped out
• Losses = $380M ($1.5B including Katrina)
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Observation 2
Those with power were the ones capable of self-generating electricity
• Self generation consisted primarily of backup generators, but also those with cogeneration/CHP plants
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Diesel GenSets are Ubiquitous
• But they were NOT reliable!– Not in working order when needed– Didn’t hold up throughout the entire outage– Couldn’t be serviced (no parts or labor)– Quickly exhausted on-site fuel supplies– Limited ability to resupply fuel tanks– Systems were undersized– Remotely located units could not be delivered quickly– Located in basements and low lying areas– Poor return on investment
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
The CHP Solution
CHP is DG . . .• An integrated system• Operates around the
clock• Provides at least a
portion of the electrical load and
• Utilizes the thermal energy for:
– Cooling– Dehumidification– Water and space heat– Process heat
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Electricity Electricity
HeatHeat
Combined Heat and Power
ConventionalGeneration
BuildingLoad
Power Plant fuel
(66 units of remote energy)
Boiler fuel(34 units of
on-site energy)
CHP fuel(x units of on-siteenergy)
Losses
Losses
20
29
20
29
8
51
465
6634
57
(57 units of on-site energy)
Conventional Generation vs. CHP
Eff. = 49% Eff. = 86%
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita:A Tale of Two Hospitals
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Memorial Hermann Baptist HospitalBeaumont, TX
• Back up generators started, but could neither power the chillers nor maintain power due to length of outage
• The hospital reopened after 22 natural gas engines were brought in from Houston
• Most damage to the hospital was related to loss of HVAC -- humidity infiltration resulted in extensive damage to floors, ceiling tiles, medical supplies, and equipment
Hurricane Rita
• closed the hospital for a week
• caused over $30M in costs and damages
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Mississippi Baptist Medical CenterJackson, MS
- Connection to MPG Restored
57 hr
-Main Power Grid (MPG) Failed-Alternate Power Grid Enabled-City Water Lost
1 hr
-Connection to MPG Restored-Load Shed performed (1.2 MW disconnected)-Pumping Trucks Supply Water to Physical Plant
3 hr
-Power Reliability Problems-Switched to CHP Operation Only-Elevators on Emergency Generators-Restricted use of MRI Equipment
5 hr
- 52 hrs of 100% operation on CHP- Only Hospital in the Jackson Metro Area to
be Nearly 100% Operational!!
August 29, 2005Hurricane KatrinaHits Jackson, MS
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Value of On-site Generation
Mississippi Baptist Medical Center
• remained open throughout to treat a high volume of patients
• provided emergency clothing, food, and housing for people displaced during the first night of the disaster
• received patients from other medical facilities not able to remain open
• helped emergency responders establish operations
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Observation 3
Natural gas supplies were generally available throughout on high
pressure pipes
• Tulane University reported sufficient natural gas pressure to operate their 5 MW campus system
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Tulane University CHP Plant
• Campus has a 9 MW electrical load• 5 MW gas turbine provided “islanded” power and cooling to
critical campus facilities throughout Katrina• Cooling towers damaged, but remained operational • Switched to well water• 2000 ton chiller could not be restarted if tripped• Natural gas pressure available, but turbine switched to
diesel (3.5 day supply) due to compressor problem• Rising water forced system off as some switchgear went
underwater in the days after levees were breached• University staff looking to add capacity and flood protection
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
CHP in Louisiana
• Existing CHP Capacity (2004): 6 GW
• Undeveloped CHP Capacity (2004):
– Industrial: 2.6 GW
– Commercial: 1.6 GW
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Commercial CHP Candidates
• Hotels• Prisons• Airports• Hospitals• Universities• Grocery Stores• Wastewater Treatment• Refrigerated Warehouses• Emergency Management Facilities• Homeland Security & Sanctuary Locations• Industrials (Refineries, Chemical plants, Manufacturers)
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
CHP System Design Options
FACILITY DEMAND
THERMAL
ELECTRICAL
EXPORT or
WASTE
}
HIGHEST RELIABILITY
OPTION
Sized to meet electrical load
THERMAL
ELECTRICAL
EXCESS
THERMAL
HIGHEST EFFICIENCY
OPTION
}UTILITY SUPPLIED
Sized to meet thermal load THERMAL
ELECTRICAL
DEFICIT
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Observation 4
Those that relied on regionally staged fuels, materials, parts, and
vendors were not well served.
• Regional evacuations and localized damage made delivery of power equipment and supplies nearly impossible.
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
CHP and Energy Resiliency
• CHP does NOT rely on wood poles
• Natural gas provides reliable fuel to CHP throughout prolonged outages
• CHP can power whole facilities – Lights, air conditioning, water purification,
sewage, safety systems, high value areas, manufacturing
• CHP micro-grids can power city blocks and neighborhoods
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Will LA Develop its CHP Potential?
Success depends on:
• Providing mechanisms and incentives for utilities to participate
• Advancing CHP in new applications
• Educating engineers, architects, and building owners about the value of CHP
• Financing “improved” solutions with insurance and FEMA dollars
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.
Albert Einstein
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
For more information:
Daniel Bullock
Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center
(281) 364-6087