gulu carbon compensation scheme draft project proposal gulu lancashire local

Gulu Carbon Compensation Scheme Draft Project Proposal

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Appendix ‘A’

GULU CARBON COMPENSATION SCHEME

Draft Project Proposal

Gulu Lancashire Local Agenda 21 Link Association

GULU MUNICIPAL COUNCIL


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RIBE AYE TEKO

Introduction Four major projects were identified through group discussions and field exercises conducted during project development. These projects are: (1) community integrated wetland conservation and management project, (2) biodiesel demonstration project, (3) sustainable land-use and land management project and (4) Gulu integrated garbage management project. These projects will generally ensure equal and participatory involvement of all genders however, it’s worth noting that the majority of the members of Gulu Lancashire Local Agenda 21 Link Association here in Uganda are women. These projects have been presented in a summarized form under different headings. The contribution of each project towards helping the communities in Northern Uganda to adapt to climate change, and the project’s contribution towards mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions has been discussed for each project and sub-project. In line with the government policy of decentralization and bringing services close to the people, the Government of Uganda intends to establish regional cities. Gulu Municipal Council will be transformed into a city council, and Gulu District will become the Northern City in the year 2011. The scheme will therefore be expanded gradually to cover the entire Northern Uganda region inhabited mostly by the indigenous Luo caste community. The intention is to expand the scheme and the project area so as to attract funding and to cut high transaction costs associated with Bio Carbon Trade. A summary of the proposed budget and suggested sources of funds has also been presented, and a profile of Gulu district is included in the Appendix. Contact: Ocaka James Environment Officer and Project Coordinator GCCS Gulu Municipal Council P.O.Box 140 Gulu – Uganda Tel. (Mobile): +256-774-151502 Email: [email protected]


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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction……………………………………………………………………………2 Community Integrated Wetland Conservation and Management Project……………. 4 Biodiesel Demonstration Project………………………………………………………8 Sustainable Land-use and Land Management Project…………………………..……11 Organic Farming Sub-Project…………………………………………………….…..11 Smallholder Timber Plantation Sub-Project……………………………………..…...12 An Integrated Approach to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) through Beekeeping Sub-Project ………………….…...15 Gulu Integrated Garbage Management Project………………………………….……18 Proposed Budget and Source of Funds…………………………………………..……21 Appendix Budget Breakdown……………………………………………………………………22 Operational Plan………………………………………………………………………22 Monitoring and Evaluation……………………………………………………………22 Photo Gallery……………………………………………………………………….…22 Gulu District Profile……………………………………………………….…..………23 Table Administrative Structure of Gulu District…………………………………....………..24 List of Figures Map of Gulu District showing Population Density……………….……….…………..26 Map of Uganda showing the location of Gulu District………………...……….……..27


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Community Integrated Wetland Conservation and Management Project Project Background Project identified through field reconnaissance, and reports from the communities of boreholes and water springs running dry within their localities. Project Details The project seeks to promote the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands and wetland resources in Gulu District while at the same time help residents adapt to adverse effects of climate change such as floods and decreased water availability. The project will also improve nutritional intake and widen the income base of the rural communities.

The goal of the project is to promote regeneration and conservation of wetlands while providing alternative sources of livelihood for farmer groups.

The project has five objectives which can be summarized as:

1. Development of a community wetland management system;

2. Conservation of wetland resources through participatory development and implementation of wetland management plans;

3. Establishment of a ten kilometer permanent green belt along the four major wetlands in Gulu municipality to act as a flood control plain during severe rains;

4. Promotion of tourism and other recreational activities along Pece valley leisure park and;

5. Improvement of income levels of communities by supporting fish farming as an integral part of wetland management plans.

The major activities include:

1. Formation of wetland management committees at every parish;

2. Training of local councilors and wetland management committees on their roles and responsibilities to protect wetlands from degradation;

3. Formulation of ordinances and by-laws, and to ensure compliance to National Polices and Laws (wetlands are “held in trust” by the Government and Local Governments for the good of all citizens of Uganda in accordance with the Constitution 1995);


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4. Community sensitization on the legislations governing the ownership, use and access to wetlands and their resources, and the value of preserving wetlands;

5. Surveying and demarcating wetland boundaries of the four major wetlands in Gulu municipality namely; Oyitino, Pece, Aywee and Layibi wetlands to protect them from encroachment and other illegal activities;

6. Provide training on fish pond construction and management, fish breeding techniques, harvesting, preservation and marketing strategies to the project beneficiaries;

7. Developing and implementing community wetland management plans that are consistent with the National Wetland Strategic Plan 2001 - 2010;

8. Surveying and establishing a ten kilometer permanent green belt along the four major wetlands in the municipality. The boundaries of the green belt will be marked at critical sections using concrete posts painted white and yellow for easy visibility during regular spot checks on possible encroachers;

9. Enrichment of the wetland biodiversity through planting highly valuable non timber forest plants such as palm trees and papyrus that is highly threatened for craft making through community collaborative management arrangements;

10. Purchase of hand held GPS, documentation and dissemination of the planning process to encourage replication.

Community Participation

The project will be managed jointly by Gulu Municipal Council (GMC) and Gulu Lancashire Local Agenda 21 Link Association (GL) by making use of its members who volunteer to participate in the project activities. In addition, interested fish farmers will be identified from the community and trained on fish pond construction and management. Other members and selected local community members will be expected to participate in project activities as well as any other training that will be arranged in order to build their capacities.

Capacity Building Component

The project will provide training on propagation and sustainable harvesting of palm trees and papyrus plants to ensure constant supply of raw materials to the local hand craft industry. The project will also provide training on fish pond construction and management, fish breeding techniques, harvesting, preservation and marketing strategies to the project beneficiaries.

Emphasis on Sustainable Livelihoods


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Through this project, local community farmer groups will establish fish ponds and supply fish to the growing markets, and also the hand craft industry will strive because of easy access to raw materials.

The project will therefore support community interventions that not only lead to sound management of the wetland resources, but also those that generate income that can help to alleviate them from abject poverty.

Promoting Public Awareness of Global Environment

The project goal and objectives once achieved will make a significant contribution to the protection of biological biodiversity by way of popularizing fish farming as an alternative economic activity which when widely practiced will make the beneficiary communities value, conserve and utilize wetlands as functional ecosystems together with the biological species therein.

Policy Impact

The project will have the following notable impacts on national and international policies:

1. The project will ensure conservation and protection of wetlands from degradation as stated in the National Policy for the Conservation and Management of Wetland Resources;

2. The project will contribute to the optimal utilization of natural resources as fish farming arguably provides one of the highest productivity per square area of land when compared to other wetland based agricultural activities like wetland edge gardening;

3. Promotion of hand craft industry will complement the overall government policy of poverty eradication action plan, and the millennium development goal of halving global poverty by 2025.

Adaptation to Climate Change The project will help Gulu residents adapt to climate change through:

1. Preventing Floods and Combating Drought Wetlands act like sponges. They can soak-up and hold water for long periods and release it slowly, thereby controlling the rapid flow and at the same time keeping the local climate moist. When it rains heavily this sponge like characteristics protects houses and gardens from serious flooding. Wetlands also retain water and release it slowly and evenly, even during drought. In this way, protection of wetlands from degradation presents the most cost effective means to conserve water and to ensure that bore-holes and wells do not dry up.

2. Providing home to endangered species


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Wetlands are the only home to some animals of commercial value, as well as of national and international importance. They provide a resting place and winter home to many migratory birds such as European storks, northern ducks and Uganda’s national bird, the crowned crane, which breeds exclusively in seasonal wetlands. Conservation of wetlands will therefore prevent possible extinction of endangered species as a result of climate change - conservation of wetlands is conservation of biological diversity.

3. Preventing famine and ensuring food security The project will prevent famine and ensure food security by conserving water which sustains wetland edge agriculture, swamp fishing, and fish farming. Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions The project will lead to carbon sequestration through:

1. Re-vegetation of wetlands by planting non timber forest trees such as palm trees and papyrus plants will increase the amount of carbon stored in above ground biomass;

2. Restricted use of organic wetland soils coupled with reduced decomposition rates due to low aeration a characteristic of wetlands will increase soil carbon levels.

Project Sustainability The green belt established will be maintained by the sales of its sequestered carbon in the swamp forest ecosystem established. Farmers who engage in fish farming will sustain their activities through the sales of fish produced.


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Biodiesel Demonstration Project Project Background In Gulu district, Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) grows in the wild, it is generally regarded as a weed by farmers and is often uprooted and burnt leading to deforestation. The seeds of Jatropha contain (approximately 50% by weight) viscous oil, which can be used for cooking and lighting by itself or as a diesel or paraffin substitute or extender. This use has important implications for meeting the demand for rural energy services and exploring practical substitutes for fossil fuels to counter greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere.

This project aims to examine the potential role that Jatropha can play in increasing household income and meeting some of the needs for energy services in rural communities, and in creating avenues for greater employment while at the same time avoiding deforestation.

This project was identified through situational analysis, and cost benefit analysis of existing opportunities and constraints.

Project Details

This project will focus on exploiting the potential of Jatropha in producing biodiesel to power electric generators and small agro-processing machineries in rural areas that are not connected to the national power grid.

The major activities will include:

1. Purchase of small scale biodiesel processor and accessories from Green Fuels Ltd, for details visit (www.greenfuels.co.uk);

2. Practical training on operation and maintenance of a small scale biodiesel

processor while in Lancashire (United Kingdom);

3. Purchase of methanol and caustic soda (NaOH), and direct linkage to suppliers while in Lancashire (United Kingdom);

4. Purchase of small scale seed press system ideal for processing viscous oil from

Jatropha seeds;

5. Biodiesel plant installation and start-up operations;

6. Operation and maintenance of biodiesel processor;


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7. Marketing of biodiesel and by-products (glycerine to be exported if economically

viable or used locally here to manufacture liquid soap – there’s need to investigate its suitability for this purpose);

8. Scaling-up operations or refining operations to achieve financial sustainability. Community Participation Communities will be involved in collecting Jatropha seeds from the wild plants, with the hope that in future Jatropha will be cultivated on the farm so as to achieve optimum economic benefits. Capacity Building Component This project will demonstrate how renewable energy can improve rural livelihoods while at the same time avoiding deforestation. This project will also remove technological barriers by implementing the first ever biodiesel demonstration project in this region, and help to assess the feasibility of scaling up to meet the energy needs of more rural communities. Environmental Benefits The project activities will just integrate into the existing land-use thereby avoiding deforestation since Jatropha seeds will be collected from natural stands which will then require protection to ensure constant future supply of seeds. Emphasis on Sustainable Livelihoods The project will provide additional, more stable and less physically taxing employment to rural communities. Capacity Building Component The project will result in acquisition of new knowledge and techniques. Promoting Public Awareness of Global Environment This project will raise awareness on renewable energy technologies and it’s importance in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Adaptation to Climate Change This project will avoid deforestation and prevent desertification which is both the cause and consequence of poverty by providing extra value to standing Jatropha trees. Maintenance of bush lands with Jatropha trees will create a forest canopy which softens


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the impacts of rain drops and allows rain to slowly soak into the ground thus preventing surface runoff. This project will therefore help communities adapt to climate change through maintenance of sufficient vegetation cover to control and prevent soil erosion and landslides. Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Jatropha trees when maintained in bush lands or cultivated on farm lands will absorb carbon from the atmosphere and store it in the woody tissues. Project Sustainability This project will sustain itself through the sales of the biodiesel produced.


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Sustainable Land-use and Land Management Project This project will comprise of three sub-projects namely; organic farming sub-project, smallholder timber plantation sub-project and an integrated approach to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) through beekeeping sub-project. The detail of each sub-project is described below: Organic Farming Sub-Project Sub-Project Background Organic farming is farming the affordable way in a manner that is environmentally friendly and ensuring long term sustainable yield. In organic farming use will be made of locally available organic materials to boost crop yield through soil building, soil feeding, crop protection and suitable crop/tree and crop/crop combinations. Organic farming discourages the use of external chemical inputs commonly employed in conventional agriculture. Such inputs are not only dangerous to the environment but also are out of reach to the common farmer who produces the bulk of Uganda’s food and cash crops. Sub-Project Details This sub-project aims at enabling farmers to rediscover and refine their farming practices with a view of boosting food and fuel wood production while conserving the environment. Capacity Building Component Farmers will be trained to make and use four types of organic manures namely; compost manure, farm yard manure, liquid manure and green manure. In addition, farmers will be trained on how to establish a kitchen garden, prepare and use some natural pesticides and to conserve soil and water by growing crops together with trees (agro forestry). Emphasis on Sustainable Livelihoods


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This sub-project will contribute to food security by increasing crop production and improving rural livelihoods through modern and affordable organic farming. Promoting Public Awareness of Global Environment This sub-project will create awareness on the importance of organic farming in soil and water conservation. Adaptation to Climate Change Improved crop growth vigor through application of organic manure and use of natural pesticides will protect agricultural crops from possible attacks from new emergent pests as a result of climate change. Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions The sub-project will increase the soil carbon content through application and use of organic manure, and agro forestry trees will increase the amount of carbon stored in above ground biomass. Sub-Project Sustainability Farmers who will engage in organic farming will sustain their activities through sales of farm produce. Smallholder Timber Plantation Sub-Project Sub-Project Background This sub-project was identified during group discussions which was part of the community consultation process undertaken during project development. It was the most popular project suggested among the schools, rural communities and women tree planting groups. Farmers expressed interests to supply carbon credits to the growing international voluntary and clean development mechanism (CDM) compliant markets, after an introductory lecture on Bio Carbon Trade. The prime species selected for timber plantations were; (1) Teak (because of its natural resistance to termite attack), (2) Mahogany (because it is a native species) while fruit trees, Maesopsis eminii and the shear butter tree were selected for Agro forestry. Sub-Project Details


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The sub-project seeks to develop small-scale CDM forestry projects which can be bundled together to target both the complaint and the voluntary carbon markets. The goal of this sub-project is to establish a minimum of 100 hectares of timber plantations per year through smallholder forestry projects. This sub-project has three major objectives as outlined below:

1. To raise and supply tree seedlings to schools, individual farmers and tree planting groups free of charge upon early booking on a first come first serve basis;

2. To conserve biodiversity on the agricultural landscapes through promotion of agro

forestry practices and smallholder timber plantations especially of mahogany an endangered species targeted by illegal pit sawyers in natural high forests;

3. To link up with suitable consultants and develop new standards and methodology

packages for the generation and marketing of carbon from smallholder forestry schemes (including avoided deforestation) which currently has no market.


1. Raising and supply of tree seedlings to schools, individual farmers and community tree planting groups. Seedlings will be supplied free of charge upon early booking and site inspection to ensure adequate ground preparation before planting and to prevent post plant losses due to excessive weeds;

2. Providing technical support to schools, individual farmers and community tree

planting groups who wish to establish timber plantations or practice agro forestry;

3. Creating awareness in communities about the carbon markets and how they can increase their involvement in this expanding activity;

4. Screening of potential project sites, and linking up with suitable consultants to develop new standards and methodology for smallholder CDM forestry projects based on the existing small-scale CDM afforestation/reforestation methodology approved by the united nations frame work convention on climate change (UNFCCC) executive board in December 2005.

Community Participation The sub-project will be implemented by schools, individual farmers and community tree planting groups who wish to establish timber plantations, or practice agro forestry for sustainable agricultural development.


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The sub-project will provide seedlings (or seeds to those with well established tree nurseries) and technical support while schools, farmers and groups will contribute land and labor towards their forestry plantation developments. Capacity Building Component The project will teach farmers appropriate agro forestry practices and provide training in forestry plantation establishment and management. Emphasis on Sustainable Livelihoods Local communities will improve their agricultural production by practicing appropriate agro forestry techniques, and the existence of trees on the landscape will improve the scenic beauty thereby attracting tourism activities. New income opportunities will be created upon successful marketing of the carbon sequestered as a result of the project activities. The project will therefore enhance local household incomes through diversification of economic activities and reduce poverty that negatively impacts on the environment and biodiversity. The project is based on the hypothesis that poor people cannot conserve the environment and biodiversity unless their socio-economic well-being is adequately addressed. Promoting Public Awareness of Global Environment This sub-project will raise community awareness on the importance of biodiversity conservation, and will help local communities to recognize the links between their own livelihood needs and global environmental problems. Adaptation to Climate Change Smallholder forestry plantations when fully established will reduce wind speed thereby protecting house roofs from being blown away due to hurricanes while groups of trees in agricultural fields will control and prevent wind erosion. Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Smallholder timber plantations and agro forestry trees will curb the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide by enhancing carbon sequestration. Sub-Project Sustainability Each smallholder forestry scheme will sustain itself through the sales of its sequestered carbon.


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For agro forestry projects there is no maintenance cost because trees planted in farm lands receive free care during the tending of crops. An Integrated Approach to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) through Beekeeping Sub-Project Sub-Project Background Several years of civil strife in Gulu district led to rampant land degradation near refugee camps were communities settled, while at the same time it promoted natural regeneration in rebel held areas. Farm lands which were abandoned over 20 years ago have since reverted back to forest ecosystems with tree crown cover of more than 10 % to 30 % which is within the minimum thresholds of definition of forest for CDM afforestation/reforestation projects. Peace and security has now improved greatly due to the on-going peace talks in Juba – Sudan. Many farmers have now returned to their ancestral homes to open up previously abandoned farmlands unfortunately, many of them are still using very destructive and traditional methods like bush burning to clear vegetation to pave way for agricultural activities. However, through massive public education bush burning has now reduced and many farmers have expressed willingness to conserve these natural forest ecosystems which have regenerated if they are given alternative livelihood options or other incentives. Bee keeping seems to be the perfect solution, because farmers will earn income from sales of honey produced in modern bee hives placed under mature trees which provide shelter, while the forest ecosystem provides perfect source of bee forage. This sub-project was identified during an exercise conducted to assess tree and land tenure systems in Northern Uganda using participatory rural appraisal tools. Sub-Project Details This sub-project aims at improving the livelihood of the local communities through bee keeping to generate income while ensuring sustainable utilization of the natural forest ecosystem which regenerated during the 20 years of rebel insurgency in Northern Uganda. The goal of the sub-project is to ensure sustainable land-use and land management practices through promotion of modern bee keeping as a viable conservation business enterprise.


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The specific objectives are:

1. To promote the conservation of local honey bees in order to enhance their contribution to food security through increased crop pollination and improved livelihoods through modern honey production and marketing;

2. To avoid deforestation and biodiversity loss caused by deforestation through promotion of modern bee keeping as a viable conservation business enterprise;

3. To set up modern honey processing facilities to produce and pack pure natural

honey and non alcoholic honey wine for both the domestic and international markets and to manufacture candles from bees wax;

4. To prepare rural communities for post Kyoto Protocol and to pilot activities to

reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) projects by creating awareness and developing a data base of individuals and communities who will decide to conserve natural forests on their piece of land in readiness for the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility which was launched at Bali climate meeting in Indonesia on 11th December 2007. Several small-scale REDD projects will be bundled together and sources of finance sought for the beneficiaries.

The major activities involved in this sub-project are:

1. Providing technical assistance to prospective farmers and capacity building in modern bee keeping practices through workshops and demonstration projects;

2. Purchase and distribution of modern bee hives and honey harvesting equipments

to prospective farmers;

3. Purchase and installation of modern honey processing facilities;

4. Operation and maintenance of the honey processing and packing machinery;

5. Production and marketing of pure natural honey, non alcoholic honey wine and candles;

6. Surveying, demarcating and developing a data base of reduced emissions from

deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) projects and seeking finance for individual and communal project participants.



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Various individuals and groups already with a history of bee keeping will be actively involved in the set up of the bee keeping and conservation project through honey collection and creation of natural forest buffer zones within their farm lands and community forests. Capacity Building Component This sub-project will provide training in modern bee keeping practices and sustainable management of natural forest ecosystems in private and communal lands. The project will also assist the communities to acquire modern bee hives as a means of increasing their practical knowledge in honey production and harvesting. Emphasis on Sustainable Livelihoods This sub-project will significantly contribute to food security by enhancing crop pollination and improving rural livelihoods through modern bee keeping, honey production and marketing. Promoting Public Awareness of Global Environment This sub-project will create awareness on the importance of protecting biodiversity and conserving natural forest in readiness for post Kyoto Protocol. Adaptation to Climate Change This sub-project will help communities to adapt to food insecurity which might occur due to decreased pollination caused by extinction of insect pollinators as a result of climate change. Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions This sub-project will encourage farmers to put their bee hives under mature trees in natural forest buffer zones within the agricultural farmlands thereby avoiding deforestation and preventing emission of greenhouse gases which would have occurred if the forests were cleared for agriculture. Sub-Project Sustainability This sub-project will sustain itself through the sales of honey, honey wine and candles, and sequestered carbon in REDD projects.


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Gulu Integrated Garbage Management Project Project Background Gulu Municipal Council experiences garbage management problems due to lack of proper waste disposal facilities, inadequate numbers of tractors to transport garbage and obsolete equipments like garbage skips. This makes the town centre dirty and poses serious solid wastes pollution, poor hygienic conditions and general environmental problems that encourage the occurrence of communicable diseases which negatively affect the local micro climate of the area and the livelihoods of the local communities. The project aims at promoting appropriate waste management technologies aimed at ameliorating the negative environmental effects posed by the current poor waste management system in the municipality. Such technologies will include among others collection and sorting at source, recycling plastic materials into useful products such as handcraft chairs and handmade ceiling boards, and composting municipal organic wastes to generate manure for sustainable organic farming. This project was identified during regular field exercises conducted to assess garbage collection and management in the municipality and through the mass media often compelled by constant public outcry of non collected garbage around their residencies and business premises. Project Details The goal of this project is to improve garbage management in Gulu municipality through collection and sorting of wastes at source, followed by composting of municipal organic wastes to generate manure for sustainable organic farming, and then recycling of plastic materials into useful products like handcraft chairs and handmade ceiling boards. The aim of the project is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from open air burning of garbage and landfill sites through recycling of municipal organic wastes. The specific objectives of the project are:

1. To reduce pollution and improve hygiene through development of an integrated garbage management system;

2. To promote sorting of wastes at source by creating awareness among market vendors, the business community and the general public;


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3. To recycle waste plastic materials into useful products like handcraft chairs and handmade ceiling boards.

4. To recycle municipal organic wastes into compost manure for sustainable organic farming;

5. To improve crop production through use of compost manure; and 6. To improve the livelihoods of the communities in Gulu municipality through

ameliorating the negative impacts of poor wastes management on the local micro climate and through additional income derived from sales of recycled plastic handcraft chairs and handmade ceiling boards.


1. Sensitizing communities on the importance of wastes sorting, maintaining proper hygiene and preventing pollution from solid wastes;

2. Organizing and training community groups to collect and recycle plastic waste materials into useful products such as handcraft chairs and handmade ceiling boards;

3. Purchase of two tractors, one fitted with hydraulic system for loading and unloading garbage skips while the other will be fitted with a tipping trailer for delivering compost manure to clients;

4. Collection, transportation and recycling of municipal organic waste into compost manure;

5. On-farm management of the composting process and development of an integrated garbage management system;

6. Scaling-up operations or refining operations to achieve financial sustainability.


The community will participate in waste management by cleaning the areas around their residences or business premises and sorting waste at source, then dumping these wastes in garbage skips clearly marked Organic Wastes and Other Wastes respectively. The success of the project and the change in the cleanliness of the municipal streets will therefore largely depend on the community's participation in cleaning their residencies and business premises daily.

Capacity Building Component

The project will train community members in proper waste management through waste sorting at source and composting of organic wastes in their backyards for use in home gardens, while large scale farmers will be assisted to transport already sorted municipal organic wastes to their farms and also provided with technical assistance in the process of composting and applying the compost manure in their agricultural fields.

The project will also hold demonstration workshops to showcase how the community can recycle polythene materials into useful products such as handcraft chairs and handmade ceiling boards.

Emphasis on Sustainable Livelihoods


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The project will improve the livelihoods of the rural community through increased crop production as a result of the use of compost manure in agricultural fields.

The project will also demonstrate that recycled polythene materials can be turned into useful products such as handmade chairs and ceiling boards that can be sold for income.

Promoting Public Awareness of Global Environment

The project will raise awareness about the need for improved waste management and its impact to the global environment through radio talk shows, drama shows, meetings and training workshops.

Policy Impact

The project will lead to formulation of a by-law whereby a fine will be imposed on individuals and businesses for improper waste disposal.

Adaptation to Climate Change The project will prevent flooding in town centers often caused by blockage of storm water drains with garbage carried by running water. The project will also enhance food security through use of compost manure which helps to store soil moisture to support plant life during seasons of water stress caused by climate change. Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions The project will reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide from open air burning of solid wastes and methane from landfill sites. In addition, the use of organic manure in agricultural fields will result in a net increase in the amount of soil organic carbon. Project Sustainability The project will sustain itself through the sales of compost manure. It is also envisaged that the tractors to be used in collecting municipal organic waste and transporting the compost manure to prospective organic farmers will be run on cheap biodiesel fuel produced from the demonstration pilot project to be fully funded by Lancashire County Council. Therefore, the operational cost for the entire project is expected to be very low so as to produce cheap compost manure affordable to even-small scale farmers.


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Proposed Budget The proposed budgets and suggested sources of funds for the above projects are shown below:

Budget and Source of Funds Project Name L.C.C* GEF/UNDP** WORLD BANK

1 community integrated wetland conservation and management project

6,250

2 Biodiesel Demonstration Project

6,250

3 Sustainable Land-use and Land Management Project

6500 14,000 40,000

4 Gulu Integrated Garbage Management Project

1,000 48,000

TOTAL (£) 20,000 14,000 88,000 GRAND TOTAL (£) 122,000 L.C.C* Lancashire County Council GEF/UNDP**Global Environment Facility/United Nations Development Program I will submit a similar Project Proposal to the Coordinator GEF/UNDP Small Grants Facility here in Uganda and keep you informed of the progress, but the Project Proposal to be sent to the BioCarbon Fund run by the World Bank needs expert advice from colleagues in Lancashire.


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Note The following sections are not yet complete (but desk work is in progress):

• Budget Breakdown • Operational Plan • Monitoring and Evaluation • Photo Gallery

I will submit the above on Monday 04/02/2008.


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Gulu District Profile Background information about Gulu District Location Gulu District is found in Northern Uganda. It is located between longitudes 30 to 32 degrees East and latitudes 02 to 04 degrees North. It is bordered by Kitgum District in the Northeast, Amuru District in the West, Masindi and Oyam Districts in the south, Lira District in the Southeast, and Pader District in the East. The District headquarters is 332 km by road from Kampala. The District has a total land area of 3,449.08 sq kilometers, which is 1.44 percent of the National land area. Historical Background Various systems of administration existed with similar but modified structures under different regimes in Uganda. Under the colonial regimes, a District Commissioner, was responsible for justice, administration and the overall political head, in the District. The Commissioner had sets of appointed and imposed Chiefs in addition to Clerks who could enforce law and order through colonial courts. Infrastructure was developed through compulsory and forced labour supply (luroni); taxes and fines were determined arbitrarily. The colonial administration was established in Acholiland around 1912, it included the present day Gulu, Pader, Kitgum and Amuru Districts with its Administrative Headquarter in Gulu Town. The colonial administrative structure was largely used to enforce the production of the traditional cash crops; cotton and tobacco, and also establishment of Administrative units in the district. After independence in 1962, the colonial structure was inherited and embraced wholesomely. A level of decentralized authority existed in the district but was far from being democratic. The Local Government Act of 1969 had very drastic effects on the district. She lost the most lucrative power of levying and collecting taxes, licenses and dues. This made it difficult to have enough funds to provide services. In 1970s, the old Acholi district was demarcated into Gulu and Kitgum Districts, though dictatorship and militarism undermined personal security and production that led to a lot of uncertainty and high staff turns over. Throughout the 1970s, no improvement was made on social services in the district, let alone the physical infrastructure. It was a decade of dehumanization and moral decay. In the early 1980s not much was done by Ugandan Government to amend the Local Administration Act of 1969. In the District, Technical Planning Committee was by name and was not very effective. Its mandate to plan and execute projects was largely undermined by lack of authority and finances from the central government.


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When National Resistance Movement Government came in power they introduced decentralization, however this has not benefited the District much because of the 20-year long insurgency. The 1992 election attempted to improve the situation but this could not do much because of poor political will and support coupled with insecurity. Administrative Structure of Gulu District Table: Political and Administrative Structures Political and Administrative Units Number Number of Counties 3 Number of Sub-counties/Divisions 15 Number of Parishes/Ward 69 Number of District councilors 30 Number of Standing Committee 3 Number of Villages 233

Sources: Office of the Chief Administrative Officer Administratively, the district is made up of 15 Lower Local Governments (11 Sub-counties and 4 Divisions). Other administrative units include 2 counties: each under the administration of an Assistant Chief Administrative Officer and 1 Municipality under a Town Clerk. There are 53 parishes in the rural sub counties and 16 parishes in the divisions with the overall total of 69 Parishes and 233 villages. Topography and drainage The District consist of complex low landscape with relatively uniform topography marked by few sharp contrasts like Ajulu, Oroko and Atto hills in Aswa County ans Ayamo, Awere and Omoro hills in Omro. The up warping and down warping of underground rocks accompanied by faulting, shearing and jointing has been responsible for the topography and greatly influenced the drainage pattern in the district to form a dendrite drainage pattern. Here many rivers and streams are held responsible for the formation of this drainage pattern. The major ones are those flowing into the Nile, which include rivers, Aswa, Unyama, and Tochi. Generally the altitude ranges from 1000 to 1200 meters above sea level. Climate The District experiences both dry and wet season. The average total rainfall received is 1500mm per annum with the monthly average ranging from 14mm in January to 230mm in August. Normally the wet season extends from April to November with the highest peaks in May, August and October while the Dry season extends from November to March. The average maximum temperature is 50 degrees Celsius while the minimum is 18 degrees Celsius. The relative humidity is high during wet season and low in dry season.


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Vegetation Vegetation of Gulu as classified by Langland (1974) consists of intermediate savannah grassland. This type of vegetation is found between the moist and the dry savannah. The vegetation type is characterized by open canopy of trees of about 10-12 meters high and underlying grasses of 80 centimeters high. The trees are fire resistant and therefore able to regenerate themselves after being burnt with fire. The common tree species here include. Acacia, Ficus natalensis, Combretum banasus, Aethicpum (Fan palm) while the common grasses include Imperator cylindrica, Hypemaria rufa, Digitaria scalarum. There are also some herths like Bidens pilosa, Ageralum Coinzolds, Amarathus species and Latana Camara (black jack). However man’s activities have tended to interfere with the natural vegetation of the place and this has led to the development of secondary vegetation. The common tree and grass species here include Eucalyptus, Jacaranda, Cypresses, Theravada, Pines, Hibiscus, Eugenia, Vila and Flamboyant. This has made it possible for the district to benefit from vegetation products, for example, building, fuel, and medicine thus making it unique from others apart from providing attraction to tourist. Gulu to become Northern City in 2011 In line with the government policy of decentralization and bringing services close to the people, the Government of Uganda intends to establish regional cities. Gulu Municipal Council will be transformed into a city council, and Gulu District will become the Northern City in the year 2011. Scaling up Operations In light of the above, the scheme will be expanded gradually to cover the entire Northern Uganda region inhabited mostly by the indigenous Luo caste community. The intention is to expand the scheme and the project area so as to attract funding and to cut high transaction costs associated with Bio Carbon Trade. Suggested Sources of funding are the BioCarbon Fund run by the Word Bank (www.carbonfinance.org) and the Carbon Fund for Europe (www.eib.org). Now that you have an overall picture of this Draft Project Proposal, you may wish to go back and dip into some of the areas that interest you or that relate to contentious issues. Thank you, and please keep me informed of your progress. Contact: Ocaka James Environment Officer and Project Coordinator GCCS Gulu Municipal Council P.O.Box 140 Gulu – Uganda


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ODEK

PAICHO

PALARO

BOBI

LALOGI

BUNGATIRA

KORO

AWACH

ONGAKO

LAKWANA

PECEBAR-DEGE

LAYIBI

LAROO

Population DensityPersons per Sq Km

N

KM0 8 16

13

14 - 55

56 - 86

87 - 2153

2154 - 3017

Tel. (Mobile): +256-774-151502 Email: [email protected]

Map of Gulu District showing Population Density


27

Map of Uganda showing the location of Gulu District

TORORO

PALLISA

NAMUTUMBA

MUKONO

KITGUM

AGGGULUMURU

PADER

MOROTO

LIRA

MASINDI

HOIMA

APAC

BUGIRI

KALANGALA

KAABONG

RAKAI

GULU

MPIGI

ARUA

MASAKA

KIBAALEKIBOGA

NEBBI

MUBENDE

ABIM

KOTIDO

KAMULI

KIRUHURA

KASESE

SOROTI

BUSHENYI

MAYUGE

KYENJOJO

NAKAPIRIPIRIT

OYAM

KUMI

YUMBE

WAKISO

NAKASEKE

AMURIA

MOYO

ADJUMANI

ISINGIRO

KATAKWI

LUWERO

BULISA

NAKASONGOLA

KABALE

IGANGA

KAMWENGE

MBARARA

KAYUNGA

NTUNGAMO

MITYANA

SSEMBABULE

KABAROLE

BUNDIBUGYO

AMOLATAR

KANUNGU

JINJA

RUKUNGIRI

DOKOLO

IBANDA

BUSIA

SIRONKO

KALIRO

BUKEDEA

KABERAMAIDO

KAPCHORWA

KISORO

KOBOKO

MARACHA/TEREGO

MBALE

LYANTONDE

BUKWO

BUTALEJA MANAFWA

BUDAKA BUDUDA

KAMPALA

NEBBI

N

KM 0 60 120

gulu carbon compensation scheme draft project proposal gulu lancashire local

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