gunjan hatchery
TRANSCRIPT
Presented by:GUNJAN KARNATAK
AQC-PA2-01AQUACULTURE DIVISION
Presentation on:
Advances in design and construction of
hatcheries
Outline :• FRESHWATER FIN
FISH HATCHERIES•Carp hatcheries
•Catfish hatcheries
•Mahseer hatcheries
•Trout hatcheries
Important considerations in Design and Construction of Hatchery
•Biological•Economical•Target of production•Ease of operation •Minimization of operating costs- e.g. labour
•Minimization of stress•Disease prevention
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIO
N
•SITE SELECTION
•PLANNING OF LAYOUT
•LISTING VARIOUS REQUIREMENTS
•SPECIFICATIONS
•CONSTRUCTION
DEVELOPMENTS IN CARP HATCHERIES
1. HATCHING PITS2. CHITAGOAN TYPE OF HATCHING
PITS3. GLASS JAR HATCHERY4. TRANSPARENT POLYTHENE JAR
HATCHERY5. SHIRGUR BIN HATCHERY6. HANGING DIPNET HATCHERY7. PLASTIC BUCKET HATCHERY8. LDPE-D-80 MODEL9. LDPE-D-81 MODEL10. PORTABLE CIRCULAR
HATCHERY11. CEMENT CIRCULAR HATCHERY
HATCHING PITS most primitive type of
hatching device used in the bundh type of
breeding in W.B dug in the ground
( 3x2x1) inner wall plastered with
mudCapacity/ pit : 3000 to 4000
eggs
DISADVANTAGES:• not suitable for
large scale spawn production
• leads to mass mortality of the spawn
HATCHING HAPA• introduced by Dr.Alikuni
• 2 separate Hapa 1. Outer hapa (1.8x0.9x0.9m,
markin cloth)2. Inner hapa (1.75x0.75x0.5m ,
mosquito net)
• Capacity : 0.075 to.1 million egg
DEMERITSWater quality
cannot be controlled
The predatory fishes from outside can damage the hatchling through the hapa layers
Needs frequent replacement
MERITSUsed for very
small scale spawn production
CheapRequires less or
no technical knowledge
Separates egg shell from the hatchling effectively
Floating Hapa • 2.1×1.1×1.2 m fitted in frame • of plastic pipe• • Outer- 2×1×1 m
• Inner- 1×0.5×0.5 m
• Capacity, 75,000 to 1,00,000 eggs
TUB HATCHERY
• Improvement over fixed hapa
• Provide for hatching in running waters
• Fertilized eggs are transferred in a series of galvanized iron hatching tubs have a regular flow of water
• 8-12 hatching tubs are connected to each other
• Each tub is of 2.5’ ×2.5’ ×1.5’, has two nets
• Constant current of water through inner connecting pipes assure supply of water for developing eggs
GLASS JAR HATCHERY
•Introduced in India by Dr.Bhomic•Designed by CICFRI•Comprises of 4 parts: 1) Water supply system 2)Breeding tank 3)Incubation or hatching jars 4)Spawnery
BREEDING TANKSOverhead showers are fitted2-3 breeding tanks are required for 20 glass jar Dimension -2x1x1 or 1.8x0.9x0.9m
INCUBATION JARSCylindrical towards top and bottom funnel shapeCylindrical part is 40.5 cm length 13 cm dia.Inner and outer diameter at the bottom end are
1 and 1.27 cm respectively Capacity of each jar -6.35 l and accommodates 50000 developing eggs
Water supply is through the bottom and regulated by bibcork
SPAWNERYOverhead showers are also fitted in it.Dimension- 1.8xO.9x0.9m. a nylon hapa is fitted on a frame placed
inside cement system.OPERATIONIt takes 12-15 hrs to hatch out at normal
water of 26-27˚CFor IMC 0.6 to 0.8L/min EMC 0.8 to 1L/min
FIG. Tank for spawners
FIG. Cross section of the hatchery
FIG. Details of the hatching jars
FIG. Details of the larvae rearing tank
MERITSCan be adopted for large scale operation.Easy view of egg and larvae.Do not require much waterSimple in designWater quality can be controlled
DEMERITSNeed constant vigil and careBecomes translucent in useCan breakPossibility of escape of egg through outlet
TRANSPERENT POLYTHENE HATCHERY
•Same as glass jar hatchery, but polythene is used for hatching jar
•Jar is 27cm in ht. and 10 cm dia•Can hold 2 l of water•Provision of egg container•Flow of water is 1 l/min
Plastic hatchery jar
FIG. Plastic hatchery jar
SHIRGUR BIN HATCHERYAlso termed as aluminum bin hatcheryIt has one rectangular aluminium container and
three egg vesselDimension: 54x18x22 inches : devided into 3 equal
partsParts 1. inlet 2. outlet 3. drain pipe egg container: made of aluminium, 12”in dia & 12”in
heightEach hatchery can hold 6 lakhs of egg
HANGING DIP NET HATCHERYDevised by FAOThe componets of this hatchery: 1.spawning tank (2.36mx3.23mx0.9 m) 2.breeding tank ( 1.2mx0.7mx1.06m) 3.hatching tanks (3.3mx1.0mx1.0m)All tanks are provided with inlet and outletThere is provision or overhead sprayers and
aircoolersHanging dip net is a barrel shaped having steel
rings of 65cm and 45cm at the top and bottom There is a 50 mm spray head fitted at the bottom
of each net
PLASTIC BUCKET HATCHERYThis hatchery comprises of two components: 1)inner component 2)outer componentInner component:The outer containoe is plastic with perforated
aluminum egg vesselOuter is the galvanized iron sheet spawnery Plastic bucket cylindrical in shape and has 2
outlet in the top and 2 inlet in the bottom47cm height and 30cm dia.Water holding capacity is 45L
LDPE D 85 MODEL•Designed by C.I.F.E by Dr. Dwivedi is
a portable or rigid type indoor system•Higher version of vertical jar hatchery•Hatchery units made of LDPE•Major component:• I)Breeding cum spawnery 2)hatching unit 3)air compressor with distribution
system
CIFE D-81 Model
The breeding unit comprises of 1) Overhead tank 2) Cooling tower 3)1/2 or1 HP water pump4)Two large portable plastics pools of 0.9 to
2.5m dia. And 0.6 to 1.2m height and 2000 to 3000L capacity
▫It can be either rectangular or circular in shape with water sprayer
BREEDING UNIT
HATCHING UNIT• It consist of 6/12/24/48 conical bottom
hatchery jars• Capacity is 40L• Water inlet is from the bottom• There is a provision of egg container and
aeration• Total capacity of egg container is 20L• And it can hold 8 to 10 lakhs of egg• The outlet is at the top portion of jar
•We can stock 20 million spawn if aeration is provided
•It is a fiber glass or copper container of 6 m dia. And 1m height
•Incubation in this hatchery is 13 to 14hr.•A definite speed of water is maintainedSPAWNERY
FRP/ metallic container6 feet in dia & 1 m inheightHapa is fixed to the frame
MERITS•Adaptable to large scale production not very large scale•Water quality can be maintained•Distribution of oxygen is effective •Additional aeration is possible•Easy to repair without dismantling•Not very expensive to install
DEMERITS•Can not lead to large scale production•Needs vigil and care to operate
CHINESE CIRCULAR HATCHERY•It is the most popular type of hatchery•It comprises of different components 1)over head tank 2)spawning pool 3)incubation tanks 4)spawn collection tankOverhead tank•Made of R.C.C.•Capacity is 10000 to 15000L•It must be kept at a height
Spawning pool• The dia is 5 to 8m• Bottom is slope towards
the center where the outlet is located
• This outlet leads to egg collection chamber if any or goes to the incubation tank directly
• Inlet pipes are fitted on the wall of the tank at an angle of 60 the pipe dia-2 to 3 inch.
• There are provision of water showers
•At a time 150 to 200 kg male or femal can be introduced
•Can get 9 to 12 million eggs in one operation
•Water current is kept at 0.2 to 0.5m/sec
Incubation pools•It comprises of two tanks•Outer tank(3 to 6 m dia.)•Inner tank (0.8 to 1.5m dia)
•Water holding capacity is 9 to 12 cubic meter
•Circular wall separates the outer wall to inner wall and is fitted with fine mesh
•Center of inner pipe has outlet pipe•Inlet pipes are located in the bottom •These are duck mouthed and fitted at
an angle of 45 degree •Pool can hold 7 lakh egg /m3
Speed•0.4 to 0.5m/sec in 12hr•0.1 to 0.2m/sec in 6 hr•Increased to 0.3 to 0.4 and continued•From the incubation pool there is a pipe
leading to spawn collection tank
Spawn collection tank•It is a rectangular tank
PORTABLE CIRCULAR HATCHERY•It is devised for small scale farmer•It is a low cost hatchery•It is made of galvanized iron of 80cm dia
and 60 cm height•Water holding capacity-300L•The hatchery unit comprises of 2
chambers1. Outer is larger and there is a provision
of 8 inlet jets in the bottom made of cupper of 0.8cm dia at 60 degree
•At the bottom there is a outlet of 3cm which is pluggable
2. Inner chamber is 28cm in dia and is separated by iron mesh grill guarded by monofilament cloth of 40-60 meshes
•There is a PVC pipe in the middle acting as overflow pipe
•Entire unit suppoted by 2.5cm iron frame stand
Rate of flow•8-10L/min•50l of egg can be harvested at the
same time
AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR EGG COLLECTION, HATCHING, AND TRANSFER OF LARVAE IN A FW
FINFISH HATCHERY(LIU ET AL., 2000)
•The system consists of a spawning tank, a filter, an incubation tank, hatching nets, and larviculture ponds.
•Species breed using this system grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), bighead carp (Aristichtys nobilis), and black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus).
Incubation tank and hatching nets• Incubation tank : rectangular,10m×2.6m×0.9 m
and made of concrete.• The bottom of this tank is 1 m deeper into the
ground than the bottom of the spawning tank. • A tube from the spawning tank runs through the
center of the incubation tank at the bottom with 20 manifolds branching out sideways.
• Each manifold has pipes pointed upward which connect to a round hatching net, mesh size 1.0 mm, diameter 67 cm and 50 cm depth
• In addition, underneath the inlet port of each hatching net, an aeration hole was created to facilitate flow of air
Schematic diagram of the automated system for egg collection, hatching and larval transfer for somefreshwater cultured finfish
HATCHING NET
Biological filter•A filter3.4×2.1×1.4 m built of concrete
was constructed outside and above the spawning tank.
•It consists of a simple pilot filter from the bottom to the top, the filter is filled with large stones, small stones, pebbles and brush. and a sedimentation pool.
•Water was recirculated from the incubation tank through the biofilter to the spawning tank
Comparison with traditional stripping method
CATFISH HATCHERIES
MAGUR HATCHERY
FLOW THROUGH HATCHERY (Sarangi, N. et al., 2004)
• Row of small plastic tubs of 12 cm diameter, 6 cm height placed on a cement platform and are provided with flow through water system.
• Capacity/tub – 5000 eggs• Each tub is having outlet(2cm) at a height of
about 4 cm• water supply – OHT- Cooling tower - common
pipe to all the tubs with individual control tabs
LARGE SCALE HATCHING, •an improvised hatchery system•circular tank of 2 m diameter• inlets at a height of 15 cm at an angle of
45 degree.•A feeble inflow of water is maintained•1 lakh eggs can be accommodated.•Survival rate 60-80%Recently FRP hatchery has been
developed by CIFA
NURSERY
•Indoor rearing- survival•Small rectangular/circular- tanks/tubs
(1m x 0.5m x 0.25m)•Stocking density-2,000-3,000 nos/m3
•Water depth -10-15 cms•Water exchange- 60-80% (twice a day)
REARING
•Indoor- shadow area•Cement tanks/FRP tanks:10-20 m2 , depth
25-30 cms•Stocking density: 200-300 fry/m2
•Shading- Eichornia, pipes
MAHSEER HATCHERY
Basavaraja, N. (2007)Mahseer hatcheries in India
TROUGHS• various shapes and sizes-rectangular troughs
(220 x 50 x 40 cm / 220 x 60 x 50 cm). • can be made from cement concrete/
aluminium/flat galvanised iron sheets /fiberglass.
• Arrangement -in a series-water flows. • separate inlet and outlet mechanism for
water. • five hatching trays can hold 20,000-25,000
fertilised eggs.
TRAYS•The shape and size of the hatchery trays –
accordance with troughs•The trays are made of fiberglass / wooden
frame •The bottom of tray - fitted with the
synthetic netting cloth (mesh size 2 mm)•Arrangement – series- water flow•Tray (56 x 56 x 10 cm) -capacity to hold
5,000-6,000 fertilised eggs
NURSERY TANKS
•These tanks may vary in shape and size -shallow tanks. rectangular tanks (2.0 x 0.5 x 0.6 m / 2.0 x 0.75 x 0.60 m)
• Circular tanks (diameter 2.2 m x 0.75 m or 0.60 m) preferably of cement/ fibreglass
•A water flow rate 3-4 litres/minute•Stocking density: 2500-3000 nos./m3
REARING PONDS/TANKS
•Tanks -(10.0 x 4.0 x 1.0 m)
•Construction- stone pitching/cement
/fiberglass
•Water flow rate 4-6 liter/min.
• stocking density - 1,000 nos./ m2.
NRCCWF ‘FLOWTHROUGH’ HATCHERY,
BHIMTAL : Raina etal., 1999
•OHT capacity- 1000 l, at a height of 5m
•Hatchery tanks :GI/FRP, 200*60*30 cm, showers for aeration.
•Wooden Hatching trays- 50*30*10 cm with 1mm synthetic netting cloth.
•5 trays can be kept in trough
•Nursery tank: FRP/PVC, 120*70*40cm, capacity- 10,000 to 15,000 swim-up fry, provided with shower
•Rearing tank : GI/FRP , 2m2, 0.45m depth, provided with showers, capacity- 5000- 10,000 fry
•capacity to hold-0.25-0.3 million fertilized eggs & can raise 0.2-0.25 million fry.
TATA POWER COMPANY’S HATCHERY, LONAVLA:(Kulkarni and Ogale, 1995)
• Capacity of overhead tank-10,000 l.• Size of wooden hatchery trays-
56*56*10cm.•Capacity of tray-30000 eggs.• Rectangular cement tank -
2.5*1.2*0.75m.•Nursery : FRP/PVC, capacity :10000-
15000 fry.•Water requirement : 11520l/8 trays•Rearing tank: FRP, area- 2m2, depth-
0.45 m capacity- 5,000-10,000 fry.
TROUT HATCHERY
Trout hatcheries in IndiaBasavaraja, N. (2007)
Hatchery Facilities:•Brood stock maintenance tank•Artificial fertilization requirementsIncubation devices (Thomas, P.C., 2003)1. Flat troughs and trays2. Vertical flow incubators,3. Vibert box4. Jar incubators
1.FLAT TROUGHS AND TRAYS
• Trays: made of perforated stainless steel/aluminium /zinc/plastic. (50×50 cm- 10,000 eggs), mesh size 1.5 -2.5 mm dia
• Trough can be A. Long trough: RCC/wood/zinc/aluminium/steel,
(2-3 m)x (0.5 -0.8m) x (0.2-0.35m), painted dark from inside
B. Californian type : zinc/wood/plastic, 0.5x0.2x 1.5m / 1x1.5x0.25m, capacity- ½ trays ,arranged in series
• Continues flow of water is maintained 0.2-0.3 litre/minute/1000 eggs
Eggs mixed with milt
Water hardening of eggs Loading of eggs in trays
2.VIBERT SYSTEM
• Cage- vibert box with holes (70×63×94mm), 45g,
•Made of rigid transparent plastic material,
•Capacity: 800-1000 eggs
•River bed with hens egg size pebbles
•water flow
3.JAR SYSTEM Jar: cylindro conical• 35cm dia,• 80 cm height and• 70 litre capacity are used (8,000-9,000 eggs/litre)• Inlet at narrow end• Narrow part has layer of pebbles4.VERTICAL FLOW INCUBATORS Made of plastic Shell: (80 cm height, 62 cm wide) tray :external water holding basket (53x62x9cm) egg containg tray (40×35×5cm) Each shell holds 8 traysLaribal hatchery, Kashmir • Drum- filter
NURSERY AND REARING•Nursery-30-45 days
they are reared in hatching troughs
•Circular and rectangular tanks- 2-3 meters in length, 0.5 to 0.8 meter in width and 0.2 to 0.35 m depth
•Stocking density 10,000 to 30,000 per square meter
•Rearing - 3×1×0.75 to 10×1×0.75m
•Stocking density 50-100 nos. of swim up fry per sq. meter.
•Raceways•Automated feeding
system•High density
rearing•Water reuse system
Fingerlings on a hand net
Water inlet pipe
Circular tanks Flat troughs
Inlet of the raceways
Sampling of fingerlings
Outlet of raceway with screens
Marine Fin Fish Hatchery DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
components:
•Water intake system and treatment•Brood stock unit•Spawning unit•Live feed unit•Larval unit•Waste water treatment
GENERAL HATCHERY LAYOUT
WATER INTAKE SYSTEM
Water Intake System
Water intake direct from sea
Water storage
Open reservoir
•Sedimentation •Sand filtration•Cartridge filter•UV treatment•Chlorination
TREATMENT
Water disinfection Equipments
Sand filter
Cartridge filter
UV lamp
BROODSTOCK HOLDING UNIT
• Indoor/outdoor• They are usually located close to the hatchery.• The most common design being rectangular
earthen ponds or round concrete tanks between 50 and 200 m3, but which can go up to 500 m3.
• Floating Cage:50 - 200 m2( 5 x 5 x 2 m or 10 x 10 x 2 m) stocking density @ 2 kg/m3- rearing brood stock e.g. seabass
• Tank: 12 x 6 x 2 m (gross capacity 100 t) – Flow through-Aeration; stocking density 1 kg/m3
• Cobia- submerged cage
SPAWNING UNIT• Round/ square (with rounded corners) tanks of 4-20
m3 capacity, concrete/FRP/ PVC-lined.
• Tank depth should be limited to 1.5 m as maximum• Windows/Air-extractors for controlled light conditions, to
renew the air and reduce humidity inside the spawning unit.
• floor tiled or painted with epoxy coatings.
• drainage system: screened channels under the floor. (slope of at least 2%).
• Thermal insulation of walls and roof to save on heating costs
• A framework of zinc-coated steel beams suspended over the tanks to allow the installation of the main support systems such as heating, water supply and recirculation, light and electric systems, air and emergency oxygen supplies.
SUPPORTING SYSTEMS
Water circuit
• heated /cooled as per requirement
• When the breeding cycle is to be manipulated, a water recirculation system is introduced to reduce heating and cooling costs. Recycling systems require a biofilter
• PVC pipes are used to supply and drain water
• The water circuit design with the minimum number of corners to avoid pressure losses and the appearance of dead circulation points where sediments and bacteria could accumulate.
• components assembled by means of fast joints and bolted flanges to facilitate dismantling for cleaning and service operations.
• According to the water supply system, i.e. by gravity or by pumping, PVC pipes to stand different water pressure levels.
• independent inlet placed on the tank rim; a ball valve should be provided to adjust its flow according to requirements.
• Tap water should be easily at hand with a few delivery points and a washbasin for cleaning routines.
Lights• Light intensity :500-1 000 lux at the water surface by
halogen lamp placed over each tank.
• Lamps: timer/dimmer controlled twilight effect. Large windows should be avoided to prevent direct sunlight falling on the tanks.
Aeration system• Air supply is assured by a few coarse diffusers placed
on the tank bottom and should be regulated to keep eggs suspended in the water mass.
• Plastic needle valves for aquarium or metal clamps (much more expensive) can be used to regulate air flow.
Overwintering facilities•In locations with mild winter conditions.•protected by a light cover (eg.
greenhouse),•deepened (3 to 4 m)•sheltered from the prevailing winds by
means of windscreens,•supplied with heated water.• indoor facilities in case the above proves
expensive
Livefood unit
Live Feed culturing (Moretti et al,2005)
• microalgae -stock room -inoculate room; -live food upto 500 L culture room -outdoor large scale culture area• zooplankton -inoculation room -intensive culture room• Glass ware washing• Sterilization room; • Artemia -cysts decapsulating area -Artemia incubation and enrichment room
Microalgae
Batch Culture System
The following consecutive stages might be utilized: test tubes, 2 l flasks, 5 and 20 l carboys, 160 l cylinders, 500 l indoor tanks, 5,000 l to 25,000 l outdoor tanks
Figure : Carboy culture apparatus (Fox, 1983).
Fig: Diagram of a continuous culture apparatus : (1) enriched seawater medium reservoir (200 l); (2) peristaltic pump; (3) resistance sensing relay (50 - 5000 ohm); (4) light-dependent resistor (ORP 12); (5) cartridge filter (0.45 mm); (6) culture vessel (40 l); (7) six 80 W fluorescent tubes (Laing, 1991)
Two basic designs of PE bags of different capacities are utilised: a smaller single or double suspended bag (capacity 50 to 150l), and a larger one standing inside a wire mesh cylinder (up to 400l). In both cases, hot extruded tubular PE of 0.2 to 0.3 mm thickness is employed. . The bottom of the bag is sealed either by hot welding, or in the case of the U-shaped double bags just by knotting
Rotifer
• tanks are round with a conical bottom with a capacity ranging between 1 and 4 m3. •Their inner surface can be white gel-coated to improve cleaning.• An adequate drain with a valve at the cone tip for harvesting operations.•placed in double rows separated by a wooden or metal walkway for easy monitoring
• A heated seawater circuit is necessary, with a temperature control to adjust the temperature in a very short time.
• temperature maintained with electrical heaters made of titanium or with coiled tubing all around the tank..
• Aeration in each tank is fitted with air stones placed at about 15 cm from the bottom to avoid stirring the sediment.
• At least 5 air diffusers can be used in a 2 m3 tank: one at the centre, and the other four placed along the wall.
• Around 2-3 m3/h of air flow per m3 of culture volume is required.
Artemia • Basic round tank with conical bottom offers near ideal
conditions in respect of water circulation, aeration and harvesting.
• Tank capacity : lower (1 to 2 m3) than rotifer tank, for greater production flexibility.
• The tank inner surface painted white (gel-coated) to ensure a better light diffusion (important in the first hours of cyst incubation) and proper cleaning.
• A transparent window near the cone tip to attract nauplii at harvest time by means of a light source.
• A drain with a valve at the cone tip is used for harvesting.• tanks are positioned along the walls to leave enough free
space at the centre of the room for harvesting operations.
• A lamp is installed in each tank, made with 1 or 2 fluorescent tubes delivering 2 000 lux
• an open-ended PVC pipe (¾") placed in each tank near the bottom for strong aeration. A ball valve allows regulation of the air flow, which should be about 6-8 m3/h/ m3 of incubation volume.
• A heated seawater circuit is necessary, with a temperature control to adjust the temperature in a very short time
LARVAL REARING UNIT
100-500l
Advanced water inlet for thelarval rearing tank
Two different shapes of outlet screen for larval rearing tank
Stationary probefor O2 monitoring in the larval rearing tank
Artemia nauplii dispenser
Waste treatment• SEDIMENTATION TANK• DRUM FILTER
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION OF
SHELLFISH HATCHERYCRUSTACEAN HATCHERYBIVALVE HATCHERY
Crustacean Hatchery•PRAWN HATCHERY•SHRIMP HATCHERY•CRAB HATCHERY
Fresh water prawn hatchery
Layout of FW prawn Hatchery
Layout of sample prawn hatchery
WATER FILTRATION SYSTEMS
Broodstock unit
•Rectangular ponds •0.2 – 1.6 ha•Depth :0.75-1.2m (0.9m)•Slope at bottom :1.2 for smaller pond/1.5
for larger pond•Free board : 0.6m•Bundh slope ( 3:1 I / 2:1 E )
Hatching unit
TanksA variety of tanks are required for hatchery operation
and these are described below Fibreglass : Ideal, but prohibitively expensive in
some countries. Ferrocement : Much cheaper than reinforced
concrete andcan be cast into any desired shape; however, requires properly trained masons.
Reinforced concrete: Very suitable, but also expensive.
Plastered brick: Easy to use, but prone to leakage without costly epoxy coating.
Plastic-lined wooden or bamboo tanks: The cheapest, but not very durable.
While constructing larval tanks :-• avoid Cu/ Zn /oil/GI steel/ Bare concrete
for construction•Concrete tanks with several coatings of
epoxy paints can be used•Inner surface should be smooth•rounded at corners•Color: green/blue/black•Size :1-8m3 ( 2-5m3)
Larval rearing unit
Recirculation of water in these tanks can be by a shared filter or individual filter
BIOFILTER
Airlift system in filter
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
AERATION SYSTEM
PACKAGING OF SEED
Shrimp hatchery
SHRIMP HATCHERY
•Basically two types1. Japanese/ Community culture system2. Galveston System
Community culture system
• Hudinga (1942)• Spawning, hatching , larval rearing in single
tank• 200 ton , cement tank• 1/m3 brooder in net cages Disadvantages Lack of control over water quality Bloom of undesired plankton species Mass mortality Wastage of feed
Galveston System
•Galveston Laboratory, USA by Cook & Murphy, 1966
•Separate tanks for spawning ( small indoor plastic pools) , larval rearing ( large 2000l plastic pools @
50 N/l )and livefeed cultureWater filteration through 60 µ mesh
nylobolt clothAeration
Layout of Model Shrimp hatchery
MATURATION TANK
SPAWNING TANK
200mm
Hatching tank
Algal culture
Nutrient medium
Starting of culture
Contd..
Culture in progress
Culture in carbuoys
Contd..
Indoor culture Outdoor culture
Contd..
During decapsulation process
Hatched artemia
Maturation Division
Disinfecting the brooders
Checking of maturity stage
Hatching section
Ready for transferring of PL
Indoor larval rearing unit
Larval culture tanks
PL 15
Packaging
Cooling of water
Packaging of PL
Transportation
Crab Hatchery
Brood stocking rearing• Broodstock are raised in pond or collected from
the natural ground.• Broodstock pond size- 0.1 to 0.4ha.• Central portion of pond should keep shallow for
barrowing and as feeding place(S. serrata).• Fencing of 1 mt. height made of split bamboo
matting/GI chicken wire mesh/nylon netting should provide to prevent the escape of crawling crab.
• Shelters(earthen pipes/PVC pipe/wornout tyres) should provide at the bottom to prevent fighting and cannibalism.
Maturation Tank
•Large tanks : > 10m3 ,
•shallow :80-100cm•Essentials SheltersLow light conditionFencingSandy bottom
Brood stock tank
Incubation & Hatching Unit
• Incubation tankSmall, 100-500l•Hatching tank400-1000l
Larval rearing unit• Various shapes : round with conical bottom, hemispherical
round, parabolic, &rectangular• Colored black• No direct sunlight• Light 1000-6000 lux• Well ventilated• Tanks should be covered• Insulation / heaters
Nursery
Megalopa are nursed in concrete tanks or in net cages set in brackishwater ponds. Black nets are placed at the bottom as substrates and some are suspended in the water column.About 30-50% of the volume of the rearing water (26-30 ppt) is replaced daily during the first 5 days and every two days thereafter.
Bivalve Hatchery
Site selection
Things to be considered•Government regulations•Physiological requirements•Avoid areas with very low temperatureHeavy rainfallHigh salinity fluctuationContamination with pollutants &
pesticides
Layout of a bivalve hatchery varies from:• site to site,• with species produced, •geographic location, • funds available, •the target production•species and personal preferences
There are two basic parts to a bivalve hatchery
1. the water system and2. the physical plant.
Sea Water System
•Hatchery near to shore to avoid pumping of water to long distance- cost
•Pumping of water should be done from deeper water in case of
Temperate areasAreas with high rainfall Surface blooms of toxic algaecontamination
Layout of bivalve hatchery
AC-Algal culture; TR-stock culture of algae; SCR- Algal scaling up; AR sterilization room; BC-Brood stock holding/spawning area; SP- Spawning plate; LC-Larval rearing tanks; JC- Juvenile culture; QC-quarantine room; ET-treatment tanks ;O-office; DL- Dry laboratory; MR – Machinery room; GPA- General purpose area
PLANT
LARGE SCALE CULTURE UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
BROODSTOCK CONDITIONING UNIT
Spawning Unit
SPAWNING OF DIOCEOUS BIVALVES
FLOWTHROUGH SYSTEMS FOR LARVAL CULTURE
SPAT GROWING TECHNIQUES
1. Growing attached spat2. Growing unattached spat
GROWING OF ATTACHED SPAT
GROWING UNATTACHED SPAT
GRADING OF SPAT
NURSERY OF SPAT
Constraints
•Huge initial investment•Brooder development constrains-
Technology, time (e.g. milk fish)•Nursery rearing constrains- stocking
density, survival (Michael et al., 2005)•Dependence on natural feed •Lack of input from institutions & research
centers on design technologies
Future perspectives
•Infrastructure development•Improvement of Hatchery design•Generation of hatchery design•Water reuse – technology•Intensive nursery practices•Automated systems
Questions •Describe the various developments in
carp hatcheries.•What are the advantages of eco
hatchery ?•Describe various types of incubation
devices used in a trout hatchery.•What are the differences in designs of
freshwater & marine fin fish hatchery?•Describe various components of water
intake system in a shrimp hatchery.
• Write about brood stock rearing /maintenance, Spawning system and Egg incubation system in marine finfish hatchery?
• Write about the nursery rearing system in marine finfish hatchery?
• Write about the development and status of Crustacean hatchery in India?
• Write in detail about the various components of crustacean hatchery?
• Write in detail about the biosecurity considerations, constrains and future perspectives in crustacean hatchery?
• Write in detail about the various components of bivalve hatchery?
REFERENCESAlvarez-Lajonche`re M.A. Reina Can˜ez,M.A. Camacho Herna´ndez, S. Kraul.2007.
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Basavaraja, N. 2007. Freshwater fish seed resources in India, pp. 267–327. In: M.G.Bondad-Reantaso (ed.). Assessment of freshwater fish seed resources for sustainable aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 501. Rome, FAO. 2007. 628p.
CIBA, 2009. Training Manual on Mud crab breeding and Culture. Central Institute of Brakish water Aquaculture. Chennai, India. pp.145
Gopakumar,G., G. Syda Rao, A. K. Abdul Nazar, C. Kalidas, G. Tamilmani, M. Sakthivel,V. Ashok Maharshi and K. Srinivasa Rao.2010.Successful seed production of cobia Rachycentron canadum and its prospects for farming in India. Marine Fisheries Information Service T&E Ser., No. 206,:1-7
Helm, M.M., Bourne, N., Lovatelli, A. (comp./ed.). 2004.Hatchery culture of bivalves. A practical manual.FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 471. Rome, FAO.pp 177
ICAR, 2011. Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Indian Council of Agricultural research, New Delhi. India.
Jagadis,I.Seed production and farming of Indian pearl oyster Pinctada fucata.2009.In: K. Madhu & Rema Madhu (eds).Course Manual Winter School onRecent Advances in Breeding and Larviculture of Marine Finfish and Shellfish 30.12.2008 -19.1.2009. CMFRI,Cochin, India. pp 291.
Jhingran , V.G. and R.S.V pullin. 1985. A hatchery manual for the common, Chinese and Indian Major carps. ICLARM studies and reviws 11,191p. Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines and International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines.
Kripa,V,Edible oyster seed production and remote setting..2009.In: K. Madhu & Rema Madhu (eds).Course Manual Winter School onRecent Advances in Breeding and Larviculture of Marine Finfish and Shellfish 30.12.2008 -19.1.2009. CMFRI,Cochin, India. pp 291.
Laszlo Varadi.1995.Equipment for the production and processing of carp. Aquaculture. 129:443-466
Le Xan.2005.Advances in the seed production of Cobia Rachycentron canadum in Vietnam.Aquaculture Asia.July-September:21-22
Liu ,F.G., Tain-Sheng Lin, Der-Uei Huang,Meei-Ling Perng, Chiu Liao.2000. An automated system for egg collection, hatching and transfer of larvae in a freshwater finfish Hatchery. Aquaculture 182:137–148
Marimuthu, K., M.A. Haniffa, M. Muruganandam and A. J. Arockia Raj.2001. Low Cost Murrel Seed Production Techniquefor Fish Farmers. Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly 24(.1 & 2):21-22
Michael schwarz, Jeff kaiser, D. Russell, E. Mclean, B. Delbos and S.R. Craig.2007 Breaking the cobia bottleneck :future of cobia depends on better results at the hatchery. Hatchery international (March/April):16-17
Moretti, A.; Pedini Fernandez-Criado, M.; Vetillart, R. 2005.Manual on hatchery production of seabass and gilthead seabream. Volume 2.Rome, FAO. pp 152.
Nalini rajan kumar and M. Krishnan, 2011. Farmers focused startegies to enhance local availability of quality fish seed for commercial aquaculture. pp 78-88. In: Krishnan, M., Anantha, P.S., R.S. Biradar and W.S. Lakra. (eds.). Farmers as stakeholders in commercial aquaculture, A ompedium of lectures of CIFE golden jubilee mini symposium held on 30 April 2011 CIFE, Mumbai. pp 109.
Sahoo, S.K., Giri, S.S., Chandra, S. and Sahu, A.K. 2010. Management in seed rearing of Asian catfi sh, Clarias batrachus, in hatchery conditions. Aquaculture asia 15(1):23-25
Sarangi, N. Jena, J.K.,Das, B.K, Sahoo,P.K., Mohapatra, B.C. (eds).2004. CIFA Technologies. CIFA. Orissa. India.pp.57
SEAFDEC.2000. Milkfish Breeding and HatcheryTechnology at SEAFDEC/AQD. Aquaculture .Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. Pp 6
Shinn, A.P. , S.M. Picon-Camacho, R. Bawden, N.G.H. Taylor.2009. Mechanical control of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 (Ciliophora) in a rainbow trout hatchery. Aquaculture Engineering 41: 152-157
Sih-Yang Sim, Hassanai Kongkeo and Mike Rimmer.2005.Brief overview of recent grouper breeding developments in Thailand. Aquaculture Asia.July-September:24-26
Thomas, P.C., Suresh Ch. Rath, Kanta and Das Mohapatra.2003. Breeding and Seed Production of finfish and shell fish. Daya publishing House. Delhi, India.
Thomas, P.C., Suresh Ch. Rath, Kanta and Das Mohapatra.2003. Breeding and Seed Production of finfish and shell fish. Daya publishing House. Delhi, India.
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