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m¤úv`K Rbjvj PvKgv

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gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v †Kb?

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Avwèvmx fvlv cÖPj‡bi wfwË t

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GQvov GB wel‡q eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki wewfbœ †dviv‡g I †mwgbv‡i Av‡jvPbv-chv©‡jvPbv I M‡elYv Pj‡Q| j¶Ÿxh †h, Gme M‡elYv I chv©‡jvPbvq welqwU w`b w`b ¸i“Z¡ I mg_©b cv‡”Q| G‡¶‡Î ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK Rvwn`yj Kwi‡gi Dw³ cÖwYavb‡hvM¨- The Policy Planners and

administrators may consider to make provisions for using the minority tribal language in

the administration machinery for the tribal people, side by side with Bengali. However in

order to formulate such policies and put them into effect the tribal people must be both

consulted and involved at every stage of the development. Nothing can deliver the good

without their active participation. A H M Zahidul Karim, 1993, Government needs to

reform primary Education Policy for minorities, Dhaka Courier, Vol. 10)

Avwèvmx fvlv cÖPj‡bi mgm¨v I m¤¢vebv t

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our mother tongue to be that important. you don’t make overseas calls in your mother

tongue; you don’t it in everyday life. It’s not useful” (Peter Mwaura, Guardian, August

21 2003)| Avi GB Kvi‡Y AvR Avwd«Kvi †`kmg~‡n wbR gv„fvlvi †P‡q Bs‡iRx‡Z wk¶v MÖn‡Yi †SvuK †ekx| ejvevûj¨ Avgv‡ì mgv‡RI GBiƒc Bs‡iRx gva¨‡g wk¶v MÖn‡Yi cÖeYZv cÖej n‡q D‡V‡Q| Avgv‡ì mgv‡Ri m”Qj AwffveKiv AvR we‡`‡k Bs‡iRx gva¨‡g †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì cov‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Q|

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(6) GQvov Avwèvmx fvlvq cvV¨µg I cvV¨ eB‡qi mgm¨v, GKB ¯‹z‡j GKvwaK fvlv wk¶v cÖ v‡bi mgm¨v BZ¨vw` D‡j−L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

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Avwèvmx fvlv cÖPj‡bi †¶‡Î D‡j−wLZ mgm¨v _vKv m‡Z¡I eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i A‡bK †`‡k msL¨vjNy I Avwèvmx fvlv‡K ^xK…wZ w`‡q ‡mB fvlvq wk¶v eë ’v cÖPjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D`vniY îƒc ejv hvq bvB‡Rwiqvq 24wU I eZ©gvb ivwkqvq 42 Avwèvmx fvlvq cÖv_wgK wk¶v Pvjy i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì cvk¦©eZx© †`k fvi‡ZI †ek K‡qKwU Avwèvmx fvlv‡K ivóªxq fvlvi ^xK…wZ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cwðg evsjvq evsjv fvlvi cvkvcvwk †bcvjx, wnw›`, D`©y cÖf„wZ fvlvfvlx wk¶v_x©iv wbR wbR gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM cv‡”Q| B`vwbs ÒAvjwPwKÓ bvgK eY©gvjv Avwe¯‹vi K‡i mvIuZvjx fvlvq wk¶v Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q&| GQvov wÎcyiv‡ZI evsjv ni‡d wÎcyix fvlv ÒKKeiKÓ fvlvq 1g I 2q †kªYxi cvV¨ eB ˆZix K‡i wk¶v `vb Kiv n‡”Q| wg‡Rviv‡gi PvKgv wWwóK KvDwÝ‡j cÖv_wgK y‹‡j PvKgv fvlvq wk¶v `vb Kiv n‡”Q| Gme D`vniY †_‡K GUv wbwØ©avq ejv hvq †h, cÖv_wgK —‡i ¶z ª ¶z ª fvlvq wk¶v eë ’v Pvjy Kiv †Kvb `yi“n KvR bq|

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BD‡b‡¯‹v International literacy institute-Gi eY©bv g‡Z hv bZzb mnmªv‡ã Avwd«Kvb †`k¸‡jvi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© P¨v‡jÄ| Avwd«Kvi †`k¸‡jv‡K BD‡b‡¯‹v gvZ…fvlv wk¶v cÖ v‡bi Rb¨ DØy× K‡i| wKš‘ QvÎ-QvÎx I AwfeveKiv wek¦vm K‡i †h, gvZ…fvlvi Zzjbvq Bs‡iRx fvlvqB ¯‹z‡j I Kg©‡¶‡Î Zv‡ì‡K †ewk myweav †`‡e| †Kbbv gvZ…fvlv Zv‡ì cÖvZ¨wnK RxebhvÎvq eëüZ nq bv| wKš‘ M‡elYvq Rvbv †M‡Q ¯‹z‡j QvÎ-QvÎxiv gvZ…fvlv‡ZB †ewk wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡Z m¶g Ges gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v MÖn‡Yi d‡jB Zv‡ì‡K Bs‡iRxmn Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qI `¶ K‡i †Zv‡j|

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Avwd«Kvi wewfbœ †`‡ki gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v c×wZ mdj Kivi wel‡q Peter Mwaura e‡jwQ‡jb–“ For

these policies to work suceessfully African governments need to enlighten the public

about the validity and usefullness of policies that promote education in indigenous

languages. they must also demonstrate more serious commitment to promoting those

policies themselves, and allocatting adequate resources. Otherwise, the promotion of

african languages will remain merely rhetorical and English will continue to take the

pride of place at the expense of local languages.”4 wKš‘ Peter Mwaura Avwd«Kvi Avwèvmx‡ì

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BD‡b‡¯‹vi A‡bK M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v cÖ vb Kiv n‡j wkïiv wk¶v MÖn‡Y AwaK fvj djvdj †c‡q _v‡K| wbDwRj¨v‡Û mv¤cÖwZK GK M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, Avwèvmx gvIix wkïiv gvZ…fvlvq hviv wk¶v MÖnb K‡i‡Q, Zviv ïaygvÎ Bs‡iRx fvlvq wk¶v †bIqv wkï‡ì Zzjbvq GwM‡q _v‡K| hy³iv‡óªi fvwR©wbqvi George Mason University-i GKwU M‡elYv BDwbU KZ…©K 1985 mvj ‡_‡K 15wU iv‡Rï 23wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q cix¶vi djvdj chv©‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q †h, wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b cix¶v djvd‡ji mv‡_ gvZ…fvlv wk¶vi GKUv cÖZ¨¶ ev mivmwi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| ‡mB QvÎiv me‡P‡q fvj †iRvë K‡i‡Q hviv wØfvwlK wk¶v MÖnY K‡iwQj|

IqvwksUb wW.wm.-i Center for Applied Linguistics-Gi KbmvjU¨v›U Nadine Dutcher-Gi g‡Z, gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v MÖn‡Yi i‡q‡Q †jvKR I fv‡evÏxcK g~j¨| msL¨vjNy QvÎiv GwU eënv‡ii d‡j wb‡R‡ì Av‡iv †ewk m¤§vbxq †eva K‡i| gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v I eûfvwlK wk¶vi µgea©gvb nv‡i MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv evo‡Q mviv wek¦ Ry‡oB| wØfvwlK wk¶v ev eûfvwlK wk¶vi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvZ…fvlvq wk¶vi cÖwZ AvMÖn m„wó Kiv BD‡b‡¯‹vi †NvlYvc‡Î GKwU bZzb bxwZgvjv| m‡ev©cwi fvlv‡K GLb MY¨ Kiv n‡”Q Rb‡Mvôxi cwiwPwZi GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e, hv mvs¯K…wZK êwP‡Îï Dbœq‡b fvlvi Acwimxg ¸i“Z¡‡K ^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GZ wKQz m‡Ë¡I wKQz cÖwZeÜKZv i‡q †M‡Q| we‡klfv‡e ivR‰bwZK cÖwZÜKZv GLv‡b D‡j−L‡hvM¨|

BD‡b‡¯‹v Promotion of Quality Education-Gi wmwbqi ‡cÖvMÖvg we‡klÁ Linda King-Gi g‡Z, Òfvlv welqK mKj wm×vš—B n‡”Q ivR‰bwZKÓ| Avevi QvÎ‡ì‡K gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v cÖ v‡bi e¨vcv‡i wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÒwKfv‡e Zv‡ì wk¶v †`qv n‡e †mB Kjv‡KŠkjMZ w`KI GLv‡b RwoZ| g~j welqwU n‡jv ¯‹zj eë ’vq Zv‡ì fvlvi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM I ‰eaZv `vb Kiv | Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_ QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì‡K RvZxq Ges we‡`kx fvlvq cÖ‡ekvwaKvi `vb KivÓ| Avevi divmx †jLK Louis Jean Calvet-Gi g‡Z, Òfvlv¸‡jvi hy× n‡jv memgqB GKwU e„nËi hy‡×i AskÓ|

g~jZ Avwèvmx‡ì Rxe‡b fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ I f~wg- GB wZbwU welq ci¯úi A½v½x I Awe‡”Q`¨fv‡e msjMœ| fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Mfxi AvZ¥xqZv| Avwèvmx‡ì mvgwMÖK Rxeb eë¯’v †h‡nZz f~wgi


Dci wbf©ikxj †m‡nZz Avwèvmx‡ì f~wgi mv‡_ fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi cÖkœI RwoZ| cwðgv RvwZiv‡óªi aviYvqB mviv wek¦Ry‡o Avwèvmx‡ì fvlv ms¯‹…wZi weKv‡ki c‡_ GK weivU Aš—ivq n‡q `vwo‡q‡Q| hvi RjR¨vš— D`vniY n‡Z cv‡i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avwèvmx Rb‡Mvôxmg~n| wbR ^ fvlv ms¯‹…wZ PPv©i my‡hvM Abycw ’wZi Kvi‡Y GB Avwèvmx‡ì RvwZMZ weKvk mvwaZ nqwb| A_P Avwèvmx‡ì gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v c×wZ cÖPjb K‡i wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi wfZ‡i I evB‡i fvlv PPv©i g‡Zv AbyK~j ev —eZv m„wó Kivi g‡Zv ivR‰bwZK wm×vš— M„wnZ n‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi AvwèvmxivI RvZxq ms¯‹…wZi h_v_© Askx`vwiZ¡ AR©b Ki‡Z cviZ| hvi Kvi‡Y gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v eë ’v cªYq‡bi †¶‡Î ivR‰bwZK wm×vš— I mw`”Qv e¨vcviwUI A ^xKvi Kiv hvq bv|

hy³iv‡Rï Summer Institute of Linguistics-Gi Avš—R©vwZK Kg©m~Pxi cÖv³b cÖavb Clinton

Robinson Gi g‡Z Òfor a Multilingual approach to work, governments must see linguistic

divetsity as a boon and not a problem to be delth with. The speakers of those languages

must also support itÓ|5 G¶‡Î Avwèvmx‡ì gvZ…fvlv cÖPj‡bi ‡¶‡Î h_v_© cwifvlvi NvUwZI Kg cÖwZeÜKZv bq| †Kbbv `xN©w`b a‡i Ae‡nwjZ I ewÂZ fvlv¸‡jv‡Z h_v_© eënv‡ii Afv‡e AvaywbK mf¨Zvi Dc‡hvMx cwifvlv ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡iwb| hvi Rb¨ AvBbMZ, eëmvwqK, KzU‰bwZK Ges cÖhyw³MZ A‡bK kãfvÛvi m„R‡bi cÖ‡Póv Avek¨K| gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v cÖ v‡bi c~‡e© G¸‡jviI cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi eg Avwèvmx Rb‡Mvwôi fvlv M‡elYv K‡i Z_¨ cvIqv †M‡Q, †mB fvlvq gvÎ 350 ‡_‡K 700 kã i‡q‡Q| Gi Ab¨Zg KviY n‡jv `xN© w`‡bi Ae‡njvi Kvi‡Y Ges mvgvwRK MwZkxjZvi Afv‡e AvaywbK mf¨Zvi Dc‡hvwM cwifvlv h‡_ó cwigv‡Y Drcbœ n‡Z c‡iwb|

fvlv †h‡nZz ms¯‹…wZi evnb, †m‡nZz fvlvi g„Zz i mv‡_ mv‡_ †Kvb Rb‡Mvôxi ms¯‹…wZiI †h Acg„Zz NU‡e GK_v †Kvb g‡ZB A ^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB| hvi Kvi‡Y cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avwèvmx‡ì fvlv-ms¯‹…wZ i¶vi Rb¨ Zv‡ì gvZ…fvlvq wk¶v c×wZ cÖPjb I ev —e Rxe‡b GB fvlv¸‡jv‡K PP©v Kivi gZ AbyKzj cwiw ’wZ m„wó K‡i †èvi †Kvb weKí †bB| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avwèvmx PvKgv I ZÂ½¨v‡ì i‡q‡Q fvlvi wjwLZ iƒcvKvi ÔPvKgv cÖvBgviÕ| GQvovI wjwLZ cvÛywjwc i‡q‡Q Zvn&wjK kv ¿, kv‡OP dyjy Zviv, AvNi Zviv, ivavgb-abcy x cvjv, †eŠ×iwÄKv cÖf„wZ| gvigv I PvK Rb‡Mvôxi i‡q‡Q fvlvi wjwLZ iƒc ÔPv AvK&LªvÕ| GQvov gvigv‡ì i‡q‡Q n —wjwLZ cvÛywjwc Ôgbnvwi cvsLysÕ, KKvby cvsLys, _vgªv cvsLys, Dw`bv Kvc¨v-cÖf„wZ| wÎcyiv Rb‡Mvôxi i‡q‡Q ÔKK&eiK& Avw`wk¶vÕ, †gªv Rb‡Mvôx i‡q‡Q fvlvi wewfbœ wjwLZ iƒc _yivB jvB-‡K¬vDwg, Zswg wZqv cÖvPn& cÖf„wZ agx©q Mvb, Mí I Ava¨vwZ¥K Z‡Ë¡i MÖš’vejx| wLªóvb ag©vej¤x Lywg‡ì i‡q‡Q wbR ^ fvlvq †ivgvb e‡Y© †jLv evB‡ej I agx©q m½xZ| gvqvbgv‡i wekc R¨vD½ KZ…©K cÖYxZ 28 c„ôve¨vcx Lywg fvlvq †jLv cÖv_wgK wk¶vi Rb¨ ÔLygx-Pv-AvgvwUD-Bqvn&-Õ bvgK cy —K i‡q‡Q e‡j Rvbv hvq|

eg, jymvB I cvs†Lvqv‡ì eY©gvjv g~jZt GKB| G‡ì Bawm Bu-Bulbu bvgK A¶i Áv‡bi eB i‡q‡Q| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avwèvmx‡ì g‡a¨ GKgvÎ wLqvs Rb‡MvôxiB fvlvi †Kvb wjwLZiƒc †bB| G‡¶‡Î eY©bvZ¥K fvlvZ‡Ë¡i (Discriptive linguistics) mn‡hvwMZv †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i| GB eY©bvZ¥K fvlvZ‡Ë¡i M‡elYvq cÖ_‡gB †Kvb fvlvq eëüZ aewb¸‡jv†K wPwýZ K‡i wKfv‡e aŸwb¸‡jv ci¯úi hy³ n‡q eëüZ nq, †mB ixwZ¸‡jv Lyu‡R †ei Kiv nq| Gici eY©bvZ¥K fvlvZ‡Ë¡i Øviv Avš—R©vwZK aŸwbMZ eY©gvjvi (International phonetic Alphabet-IPA) mvnv‡h¨ fvlvq eëüZ aŸwb¸‡jv‡K wjwce× Kiv nq| GB IPA ˆZwi K‡i‡Q fvlvZË¡weìv hvi Øviv c„w_exi †h‡Kvb fvlv‡K wjwce× Kiv m¤¢e| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi †h mg — Rb‡Mvôxi GL‡bv fvlvi †Kvb wjwLZ iƒc †bB, Zv‡ì †¶‡Î IPA-Gi gva¨‡g cÖKí †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i| cve©Z¨ PÆMªv‡gi DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK BbwówUDU¸‡jv (iv½vgvwU/LvMovQwo/ ev›ìevb)


cÖwZwôZ nevi ci Avwèvmx‡ì fvlv I ms¯‹…wZMZ Kvh©µg wKQyUv MwZkxj n‡jI GB cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Kh©µg Av‡iv ‡ewk †Rvi`vi Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| wewkó ‡jLK I gvigv fvlv-cÖwk¶K K¨‰kcÖ“ gvigv fvlv I eY©gvjv eënv‡ii Rb¨ K‡qKwU cÖ‡qvM†¶Î wPwýZ K‡iwQ‡jb:

1) gvigv mvwnZ¨, gvigv Abyev` mvwnZ¨ I m„wókxj wkíK†g©i ‡¶‡Î, 2) MYwk¶v, MYms‡hvM, MY¯v ’ , wbDR ey‡jwUb m¤cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î, 3) ag©vbyôvb, mvgvwRK Abyôvb, ivóªxq ev RvZxq wbev©Pb, mvsMVwbK Kvh©µ‡gi †¶‡Î, 4) gvigv mvgvwRK I cÖ_vMZ AvBb‡K msi¶Y I Dbœqbg~jK Kvh©µ‡g, 5) gvigv gvZ…fvlv wk¶v, PP©v I weKv‡ki Kvh©µ‡g, 6) e¨vbvi, mvBb‡evW©, cÎvjvc, evZ©v †cÖiY cÖf„wZ ‡¶‡Î, 7) AvÂwjK gvigv fvlv‡K RvZxq I Avš—R©vwZK fvlvi m‡½ ‰gÎx-‡mZyeÜb Movi †¶‡Î, 8) gvigv mvgvwRK µxovbyôvb I mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôv‡b, 9) mvgvwRK DØy×Ki‡Y, Kzms¯‹vi `yixKi‡Y, bxwZ-‰bwZKZv†eva I g~j¨†eva m„wó K‡g©, 10) gvigv A¶i Ávb wfwËK Iqvj g¨vM, wjUj g¨vM, g¨vMvwRb cÖKvkbv I gvigv fvlvi M‡elYv K‡g©, 11) gvigv mgvR I cwiev‡i A¶iÁvb cÖ‡qvM K‡g©, 12) Aaybv Kw¤úDUv‡i gvigv d›U mshy³ nIqvq H Kw¤úDUvi‡K eënvi, 13) gvigv wkï -wk¶v I gvigv fvlv wk¶vi Kvh©µ‡g, cÖf„wZ|

D‡j−L¨ †h, gvigv fvlv I eY©gvjv cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ †h ‡¶Î¸‡jv wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv ïaygvÎ gvigv fvlvi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖ‡gi mKj Avwèvmxi Rb¨B G †¶Î¸‡jv cÖ‡hvR¨ |

‡kl K_v t

Av‡jvPbvi ïi“‡Z Avgiv GKwU M‡íi AeZvobv K‡iwQjvg| M‡í Avwèvmx wkï ewjivg‡K Zvi wk¶K gvZ…fvlvi bvg wR‡Ám K‡iwQ‡jb| ewjivg mwVK DËi †èvi ciI Zv‡K kvw — †c‡Z n‡qwQj Ges Zvi wk¶‡Ki cÖ vb Kiv wk¶v ü`q½g Ki‡Z bv †c‡i ¯‹zj †_‡K cvwj‡q †eu‡PwQj| wKš‘ ewjiv‡gi gZ Avi †Kvb Avwèvmx wkï‡K †hb Gfv‡e ¯‹zj †_‡K cvwj‡q evuP‡Z bv nq, Zvi Rb¨ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avwèvmx‡ì fvlv miKvix c„ô‡cvlKZvq cÖPjb Kiv †nvK Ges †mB fvlv¸‡jv hv‡Z cwic~Y©fv‡e weKvk n‡Z cv‡i Zvi R‡b¨ AbyK~j ev —eZv ‰Zwi Kiv †nvK| Ges GUvB ‡nvK Avš—R©vwZK gvZ…fvlv wèm D`hvc‡bi g~j j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨|

mycvwik t

1) Avš—R©vwZK mb`¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K Avwèvmx fvlv¸‡jv‡K ivóªxq ev mvsweavwbKfv‡e ^xK…wZ cÖ v‡bi Rb¨ miKvi‡K ivR‰bwZK wm×vš— MÖn‡Y cÖfvweZ Kiv| G j‡¶¨ RvZxq I Avš—R©vwZK ch©v‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq jwe I K¨v‡¤úBb ‡Rvi`vi Kiv|

2) MY-cÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii mg — AvBb, †NvlYv, `wjj cÖf„wZ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avwèvmx‡ì fvlvq cÖKvk Kiv|


3) cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi hveZxq Pyw³, AvBb I `wjjcÎvw` Avwèvmx‡ì fvlvq cÖKvk Kiv|

4) cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` I AvÂwjK cwil‡ì wewfbœ mfvq cÖ‡Z¨K mf¨ wbR wbR gvZ…fvlvq e³e¨ ivLvi eë ’v Kiv I †`vfvlxi gva¨‡g †m¸wj ZR©gv Kiv|

5) cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Awdm Av`vj‡Z Avwèvmx‡ì fvlvq KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv, cÖ‡qvR‡b Abyev‡ì eë ’v Kiv|

6) cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g ¯Zš¿ GKwU wk¶v†evW© MVb K‡i Avwèvmx QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì‡K wØfvwlK (Bilingual) I eûfvwlK (Multilingual) c×wZ‡Z wk¶v cÖ vb Kiv Ges wk¶K‡ì‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwk¶Y †`qvi eë ’v MÖnb Kiv| G j‡¶¨ Avwèvmx fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ‡K cvV¨m~Px‡Z Aš—f©~³ Kiv|

7) Avwèvmx‡ì mvwnZ¨, Abyev` mvwnZ¨, m„wókxj Kg©‡¶‡Î, MY ^v ’ , MYwk¶v, MYms‡hvM, wbDR ey‡jwUb m¤cÖPvi, agx©q Abyôvbvw`, mvgvwRK Abyôvbvw`, ivóªxq I AvÂwjK wbev©Pb, mvsMVwbK Kg©KvÛ, mvgvwRK I cÖ_vMZ AvBb msi¶Y-Dbœqb, gvZ…fvlv PP©v I weKv‡ki Kg©‡¶‡Î, e¨vbvi ˆZwi, mvBb‡evW© ‰Zwi, cÎvjvc, evZv©‡cÖiY, µxovbyôvb, mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb, mvgvwRK DØy×KiY, Kzms¯‹vi `~ixKiY, bxwZ-‰bwZKZvi g~j¨‡eva m„wó, A¶iÁvb wfwËK cÖKvkbv (Iqvjg¨vM/wjUj g¨vM/g¨vM) cÖf„wZ †¶‡Î Avwèvmx‡ì fvlv I eY©gvjv eënvi Kiv|

8) RvZxq cÖPvi gva¨‡g Avwèvmx‡ì fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ welqK Abyôvb Pvjy I m¤cÖmviY Kiv|

9) DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK BbwówUDU-Gi Avwèvmx fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ wfwËK Kvh©µg m¤cÖmviY Kiv|

10) †h mg — Rb‡Mvôxi fvlvi wjwLZiƒc †bB Zv‡ì †¶‡Î wjwLZiƒc ˆZwii D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv Ges G j‡¶¨ cÖKí cÖYqb Kiv|

11) Avwèvmx‡ì fvlvi Awfavb ‰Zwi Kiv Ges m„wókxj mvwnZ¨, Ávb-weÁv‡bi wewfbœ eBcÎ Avwèvmx‡ì fvlvq Abyev` Kiv|

==============

Z_¨m~Ît

1| evOvjxi RvZxqZvev`- wmivRyj Bmjvg †PŠayix 2000, BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, †iWwµ‡m›U wewìs, 114, gwZwSj ev/G, †cvó e·-2511, XvKv-1000|

2| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cÖ_wgK wk¶vi gvbDbœq‡b Avwèvmx fvlv cÖ‡qvM m¤¢vebv- my‡Lk¦i PvKgv, AvgvO, 2003 m¤úv`K-i‡bj PvOgv, Ryg Cm‡_wUK&m KvDwÝj (RvK), iv½vgvwU|

3| Making Local Laanguagees Count. By-Peter Mwaura. Guardian August 21, 2003

4| EDUCATION - The mother tongue dilemma; UNESCO

5| What Do You Lose When You Lose Your Language? Joshua Fishman, November 16, 1994.

mnvqK iPbvejxt

6| DcRvZxq fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ - fvlv welqK †mwgbvi msKjb: 1999-2001; DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK BÝwUwUDU, cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil`, ev›ìevb|

7| GB c„w_exi gvbyl- G †K Gg Avwgbyj Bmjvg; evsjv GKv‡Wwg, XvKv| 1985


9| AMANI KOK -2002; Hill Tracts NGO Forum; ivRevox †ivW, iv½vgvwU| 9| msnwZ, 2003; evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg, evox-3, †ivW-25/G; evbvbx, XvKv, evsjv‡`k| 10| †P &bv, 2004; gvigv mgvR I ms¯‹…wZ welqK cÖKvkbv; we.Gg.Gm.wm.†K›`ªxq KwgwU|


cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avwèvmx fvlv mgm¨v

exi Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v

iv½vgvwU, ev›ìevb I LvMovQwo cve©Z¨ †Rjv¸wji mgwšZ bvg cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg| w`‡b w`‡b ev½vjx Awfevm‡bi d‡j ev½vjx‡ì Zzjbvq Avwèvmx Ry¤§ RbM‡Yi msL¨v n«vm †c‡jI Avm‡j ZvivB cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi g~j evwm›`v ev Avwèvmx e‡j ^xK…Z|

Avwèvmx Ry¤§ Rb‡Mvôx¸wj ¶y ª ¶y ª GMviwU RvwZmË¡vq wef³| `kfvlvfvlx GMviwU Avwèvmx Ry¤§ Rb‡Mvôxi K_v D‡j−L Av‡Q| †m¸‡jv nj- PvKgv, gvigv, wÎcyiv, ZÂ½¨v, †gªv, cvs‡Lvqv, eg, jymvB, wLqvs, Lywg I PvK| wiqvs I DmyB bvgavix `yÕ Rb‡Mvôx‡K †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î c„_K RvwZ‡Mvôx wn‡m‡e †`L‡bv n‡jI Zviv g~jZt wÎcyiv RvwZf~³| Z‡e Zviv eZ©gv‡b wÎcyiv RvwZ †_‡K Avjv`v RvwZmË¡vi `vex wb‡q c„_K cwiP‡q cwiwPZ nIqvi Rb¨ AvIqvR Zzj‡Qb| Avevi bMY¨ msL¨K n‡jI ¸L©v I Avmvg (Anwgqv) bv‡g yÕ Rb‡Mvôx †jvK cve©Z¨ PÆMªv‡gi iv½vgvwU‡Z emevm i‡q‡Q| ZvivI cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi g~j Avwèvmx Ry¤§ RvwZ‡Mvôxi b¨vq Ry¤§ Awfavq cwiwPwZ jvf Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡Qb| b„ZvwË¡K wfwË‡Z mK‡jB gs‡Mvjxq †MvÎf~³| eZ©gv‡b miKvixfv‡e ^xK…Z `k fvlvfvlx GMviwU Ry¤§ Rb‡Mvôx Ges wiqvs I DmyB hw` wÎcyiv‡ì †_‡K Avjv`v aiv nq GB †ZiwU RvwZ‡Mvôxi mv‡_ ¸L©v I Avmvg‡ì we‡ePbvq Avb‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g †gvU c‡biwU Avwèvmx RvwZ‡Mvôx cvIqv hv‡”Q|

Bnv GKwU Zvrch©c~Y© welq †h, Dc‡i ewY©Z GMviwU Rb‡Mvôxi mK‡jB b„ZvwË¡Kfv‡e gs‡Mvjxq RvwZf~³ n‡jI PvKgv I ZÂ½¨v‡ì fvlv fviZxq Avh©fvlv (Indo-Aryan) ‡MvÎf~³| Acivci RvwZ‡Mvôx‡ì fvlv e„nËi wZeŸZ Pxb ev gs‡Mvjxq cwievif~³| Zv‡ì Kv‡iv Kv‡iv egx© I e‡ov`jf~³, Kv‡iv Kv‡iv KzwK wPb `jf~³| iv½vgvwU DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK Bbw÷wUD‡Ui eZ©gvb cwiPvjK (fvicÖvß) kªx myMZ PvKgv (bbvab) weL¨vZ fvlvwe` W. wR G wMÖqvimb-Gi M‡elYv MÖ‡š’i mnvqZvq Òcve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi DcRvZxq fvlvÓ iPbv K‡ib| DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK Bbw÷wUDU KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ (1988) GB MÖ‡š’ †`Lv hvq MÖ ’Kvi Avwèvmx (DcRvZxq) fvlv¸wj K‡qKwU †kªYx‡Z wef³ K‡i‡Qb| ‡m¸wj GB iƒct

K. wn›`-Avh©fvlv (Indo-Aryan Branch) f~³ fvlv (1) PvKgv (2) ZÂ½¨v

L. †fvU-eg©x kvLv (Tibeto Burman Branch) f~³ fvlv (1) egx© `j (Burmese group) f~³ fvlv (2) gvigv

2. †ev‡ov `j (Bodo group) f~³ fvlv (1) wÎcyiv (2) wiqvs (3) DmyB

3. mvK-jyB (Sak-Lai) f~³ fvlv (1) PvK


4. KzwK wPb `j (Kuki–Chin) f~³ (1) jymvB (2) cvs‡Lvqv (3) eg (4) wLqvs

(L) `w¶Y wPb `j fy³ (1) Lywg

5. †gªvÑ`j f~³ (1) †gªv

Dc‡iv³ †kªYxwefvM †_‡K †evSv hvq Avwèvmx RvwZ‡Mvôx¸‡jvi fvlv fviZxq Avh©fvlv I †fvU egx© `yÕwU cÖavb fvlv cwievi Aš—f~©³| Z‡e †fvU egx© fvlv cwievify³ n‡jI AviI K‡qKwU `‡j wef³| PvKgv, ZÂ½¨viv PvKgv eY©gvjv eënvi K‡ib| gvigv‡ì wbR¯ eY©gvjv Av‡Q| jymvB, eg, cvs‡Lvqviv †ivgvb eY©gvjv eënvi K‡ib| B`vbxs †gªv‡ì eY©gvjv Avwe®K…Z n‡q‡Q| wÎcyiv‡ì KKeiK eY©gvjv fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv iv‡R¨ eëüZ n‡jI GLv‡b eënvi Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq|

Bnv mn‡RB Abygvb Kiv hvq, cvkvcvwk emevm Ki‡jI wewfbœ cwievif~³ fvlv eënviKvix Avwèvmx Rb‡Mvôx¸‡jv ci¯úi evK¨ wewbg‡q h‡_ó mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡q _v‡Kb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ me©Rb‡eva¨ fvlv hv lingua Franca iƒ‡c KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i †Zgb fvlvI cvIqv hvqwb| cvwK —vb Avg‡ji †Mvovi w`‡K Avwg †`‡LwQ Avgv‡ì wejvBQwo evRv‡i †VMv Ges jymvB wnj (eZ©gv‡b wg‡Rvivg) †_‡K jvB‡Ki (wg‡Rv) Kgjv wb‡q AvmZ| Zv‡ì m‡½ Gfv‡e K_v ej‡Z nq (KviY Zv‡ì K_v Avgiv eywS bv) Ñ eb&, GK Avbv gv‡S KqRb Kgjv †ewP‡q? (GK Avbvq KqwU Kgjv weµx KiQ?) Zzwg Avwg eb _v‡q, GK Avbv gv‡S `yBRb †`| (†Zvgiv Avgv‡ì eÜzÑ wKsev Zzwg Avgvi eÜzÑ ZvB GK Avbvq `yBwU Kgjv `vI)| Zviv ejZÑ eb&, Zzwg Avwg eb& _v‡q Ñ Avwg GK Avbv gv‡S Øyev Kgjv wè, ZvËzb †ewk bwè| (eb&, Zzwg ZMi Avwg eÜz, ZvB GK Avbvq gvÎ `ywU Kgjv wèÑ Zvi †P‡q †ekx †è bv)| GB iKg K_vevZ©vi gva¨‡g gv‡S gv‡S Ab¨vb¨ Avwèvmx RvwZ‡Mvôx‡ì g‡a¨ fvewewbgq Kiv nq| gv‡S gv‡S ’vb †f‡` weK…Z PÆMÖvgx evsjv fvlvi gva¨‡gB ci¯úi K_vevZ©v n‡q _v‡K| †`Lv hvq GB PÆMÖvgx evsjvi weK…Ziƒc cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avwèvmx‡ì g‡a¨ GKKv‡j Lingua Franca wn‡m‡e eëüZ nZ| PÆMÖvgx evsjv †nvK, wKsev Avwèvmx‡ì †h †Kvb RvwZ‡Mvôxi fvlv ‡nvKÑ GKUv me©Rb‡eva¨ fvlv wbev©Pb Ki‡Z n‡eÑ hv Avwèvmx Ry¤§ RvwZ‡Mvôx‡ì g‡a¨ Ges evOvjx‡ì g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î ’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Avgv‡ì †`k evsjv‡`k| G‡`‡ki e„n&Zi Rb‡Mvôx evsjv fvlv‡ZB K_v e‡jb| ivóªfvlv evsjv| evsjv fvlv Avgv‡ì Avwèvmx‡ì Kv‡iv gvZ…fvlv bq| evOvjxiv PvKgv ZÂ½¨v fvlv Rv‡b bv ev †ev‡S bv| Avi e„nËi g‡½vjxq ev †fvU egx©, †ev‡ov, KzwK wPb fvlv Zviv eyS‡eb ev Rvb‡eb wK K‡i?

evsjv‡`‡k emevm Ki‡Z n‡j, eëmv-evwYR¨ Ki‡Z n‡j, PvKzix Ki‡Z n‡j Avgv‡ì Aek¨B evsjv fvlv Rvb‡Z n‡e ev AvqË¡ Ki‡Z n‡e| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi †Rjv kni, Dc‡Rjv ev _vbv mì Ges nvU evRvi¸‡jv‡Z evOvjx mgvMg nIqvq †mme ’v‡bi ’vbxq Avwèvmx RbMY Aš—Zt fvj evsjv ej‡Z bv cvi‡jI ev AvqË¡ Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI evsjv wKQy wKQy eyS‡Z cv‡ib Zv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| wKš‘ †hLv‡b evOvjx mgvMg †bB ‡mme RvqMvq ¶z ª ¶z ª Avwèvmx RvwZ‡Mvôxi mvaviY †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q evsjv fvlv G‡Kev‡iB AcwiwPZ Ges `y‡ev©a¨| wKš‘ evsjv fvlv bv wkL‡j Zviv miKvix PvKzix cv‡e wKfv‡e, eëmv-evwYR¨ cwiPvjbv Ki‡e wKfv‡e, GgbwK mvaviY Rxeb hvcb Ki‡ZI w`b w`b KwVb cwiw ’wZi m¤§yLxb n‡Z


n‡e| evsjv fvlv AvqË¡ Kiv Zv‡ì c‡¶ ytmva¨| ZvB GKgvÎ cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡gB wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| gvZ…fvlv Ávb AwR©Z n‡j ax‡i ax‡i ivóªfvlv Ávb AR©‡b Zvi wb‡RivB m‡Pó n‡e| Zv‡ì Af¨š—i †_‡KB GB †PZbv Rb¥ wb‡j evB‡ii †_‡K †Kej mn‡hvwMZv ev mnvqZv w`‡j KvR n‡q hv‡e|

Avwèvmx RvwZ‡Mvôx‡ì g‡a¨ PvKgv Ges ZÂ½¨vMY mevB Kg‡ekx evsjv fvlv Rv‡bb| A‡b‡KB Lye fvj AvqË¡I Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avevi j¶¨ Kiv †M‡QÑ PvKgv Ges ZÂ½¨v‡ì cv‡k emevmKvix Ab¨vb¨ Avwèvmx RvwZ‡Mvôxi fvh ©Zjx †gŠRvi †gªv †nWg¨vb ü`q iÄb †ivqvRv eZ©gv‡b ev›ìev‡bi †`vqvjK †gŠRvq Zvui AvZ¥xq ¯Rb wb‡q emevm Ki‡Qb| fvh© vZjx †gªv cvov¸‡jv ZÂ½¨v MÖv‡gi jv‡Mvqv| GB cvovi †gªv bvix cyi“l mevB ZÂ½¨v fvlvq Af¨ —| Av‡iv j¶¨ Kiv †M‡Q PvKgv MÖv‡gi cvk¦©eZx© MÖv‡g emevmKvix gvigv ev wÎcyivMYÑ AwaKvsk bvix-cyi“l PvKgv fvlvq Af¨ — n‡q _v‡Kb| 116bs iv½vgvwU †gŠRvq wKjvgyov MÖv‡gi wÎcyivMY bvix-cyi“l, Avevj e„× mK‡jB PvKgv fvlvq Af¨ —| PvKgv ZÂ½¨viv †hnZz mn‡RB evsjv fvlv AvqË¡ Ki‡Z cv‡ibÑ PvKgv I ZÂ½¨v fvlvq Af¨¯— n‡j Acivci Avwèvmx RvwZ‡Mvôx¸‡jvi c‡¶ evsjv fvlv AvqË¡ Kiv mnR n‡e| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi gs‡Mvjxq fvlv cwievif~³ fvlvfvlx Avwèvmx Ry¤§ RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ evsjv fvlvi cÖPjb ev evsjv fvlv‡K †evaMg¨ Kivi Kv‡R PvKgv I ZÂ½¨v fvlv GKwU mnR Ges Kvh©Ki gva¨g wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Dc‡i Avwg PvKgv I ZÂ½¨v fvlv evi evi c„_Kfv‡e D‡jL K‡iwQ| Avm‡j ZÂ½¨v fvlv e‡j c„_K †Kvb fvlv †bB| ZÂ½¨viv †h fvlvq K_v e‡jb, Zv PvKgv fvlvB, Zv‡K PvKgv fvlv ejvB m½Z| cwðg evsjv, evsjv‡`k Ggb wK evsjv‡`‡ki †PŠlwÆ †Rjvq wfbœ wfbœ iƒ‡c †h fvlv eëüZ nqÑ H meB evsjv fvlv| PÆMÖvgx fvlv, wm‡jwU fvlv, ghgbwmsnx fvlv ev w`bvRcyix fvlv e‡j c„_K c„_K †Kvb fvlv †bBÑ meB GKwU evsjv fvlv| ZvB PvKgv‡ì 46wU †MvSv Ges ZÂ½¨v‡ì 12wU ‡MvSv †h fvlv eënvi K‡ibÑ Zv‡ì kãm¤¢vi D”PviY Ges Xs meB PvKgv fvlv GB bv‡g cwiwPZ| GB K_v memgq Avgv‡ì g‡b ivLv DwPZ e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| eZ©gv‡b wewfbœ AÂ‡j evsjv kã D”PviY, Xs eëüZ nqÑ †mB me kã m¤¢vi ï×Zv Aek¨ Acwinvh© |

PvKgv fvlv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi g‡½vjxq fvlv †MvÎf~³ fvlv eënviKvix Avwèvmx RvwZ‡Mvôx‡ì g‡a¨ evsjv fvlv mnR‡eva¨ Kivi gva¨g wnmv‡e eëüZ n‡Z cv‡i Zv Avevi ejv hvq| †jLK‡ì cÖwZ Avwg Aby‡iva ivLe, PvKgv‡ì g‡a¨ 46wU †MvSv Ges ZÂ½¨v‡ì 12wU †MvSv Ges mKj †Mvôx‡ì g‡a¨ ‡h mKj kã, D”PviY Ges Xs eëüZ nq me¸‡jv PvKgv fvlvi A½e‡½ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e ev ¯xK…wZ w`‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j PvKgv fvlvi GKUv c~Y©v½ i“c †hgb cvIqv hv‡e, ‡Zgwb PvKgv fvlv mg„× n‡e| Avwg m¤§vwbZ myax †jLKe„‡›ì Kv‡Q Av‡e`b ivLeÑ e¨vKiY wewa Abymib K‡i PvKgv fvlv‡K GKwU Standard form-G Avbqb Ki‡Z n‡eÑ hv mvwnZ¨ fvlv e‡j MY¨ n‡e| GL‡bv Avgiv PvKgv fvlvi cwiwa ev we —…wZ m¤ú‡K© wPš—vfvebv Ki‡Z cviwQ bvÑ †mUv ytLRbK| GB m¤ú‡K© Avwg GKwU D`vniY w`‡q Avgvi cÖeÜ †kl Kijvg|

m¤úªwZ Avgvi GKwU KweZv PvKgv KweZv bvg w`‡q PvKgv mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvq cÖKvk Ki‡Z w`B| KweZvwU Qvcv‡bv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ KweZvi bx‡P gš—e¨ †jLv n‡q‡Q Giƒc †jL‡Ki fve, fvlv AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L Qvcv n‡jv| Bnvi A_© Avwg hv eywS, Zv n‡”Q KweZvwU‡Z eëüZ kã¸‡jvB cwÎKvi m¤úv`‡Ki g‡Z PvKgv fvlvi kã wKbv wbwðZ b‡nb| ZvB †jL‡Ki (ZÂ½¨v †jLK) eëüZ kã¸‡jv AcwiewZ©Z ivLv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z PvKgv fvlvi kã e‡j ‡m¸‡jv cvV‡Ki åg bv nq| KweZvwU Giƒct


ÒgbÓ (wP`)

(PvKgv KweZv)

gvb&Sï wP`&Ëvb An&j Zvi gb ‡Kqvbi gy‡o gy‡o K~qZ _vq- K¨qB bÕ Rvbb| Kb Av‡j †`Lv bÕ cvq, aiv b hvq G gbvb| Zzq Zv‡i eySv hvq, j‡ev Av‡N M`v Rbgvb| Pz‡e Pz‡e ¸e‡b, AvBjg ‡Z Av‡N ‡Pevi Pvq, †cevi Pvq, bvbv Avb MoZ gv‡L| Dwo hvq AvNvSZ, Zviv j‡M wgwS hvq| mvMii Zz‡evb Zz‡j, K` êb †`Õa Pvq| Ab&Szi D‡Svjv gb M‡oÑ wgwS hvq `yL ‡c‡j †eRvi Aq, eRs Aq, fvO hvq myL †c‡j fv‡j` M‡o, fvOv gb Rov jq| †KvP& †c‡j eev gbvb iÕ ‡gwj Kav Kq Ggbvb Ij‡Svj, GK nv°b wVK b_vq ‡h gvb&†S¨ M‡o Ñ‡m gvb‡S¨B myN cvq| Ggbvb K~qZ _vq, wK is †h Kav Lf †K‡bÑ wievOi g~o gvq, civbi ¸fx‡b|

KweZvwUi cvÙxKvq m¤úv`‡Ki gš—e¨ †`‡L Avwg wknwiZ nB| KweZvq †h kã¸wj eënvi K‡iwQÑ Av‡`Š PvKgv fvlvq kã wKbv Avgvi m‡›`n NbxfyZ nq| ZvB cieZx©‡Z Avi GKwU KweZv ÔÔZÂ½¨v KweZvÓ bvg w`‡q H cwÎKvq cvVvB| Zv PvKgv mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvq XvKv, 15B wW‡m¤i 2004 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| KweZvwU Zz‡j †Ìqv nj|

KviY t cweÎZvi A_©B An&j MgcvbvMvb|

cÖe‡Ü fvlvMZ mgm¨vi K_v Avwg Zz‡j aijvg| mgvavb wPš—vkxj †jLK M‡elK‡ì Dci b¨ — iBj| �

ÔÔMg cvBP& g‡iÓ

(ZÂ½¨v KweZv)

hwb Mg cvBP& g‡i I civbx, jvO¨vexÑ hywb Mg cvBP& g‡i Zi i“‡evk †`‡LB †`‡NB jvjm b w`P& g‡iÑ hywbMg cvBP& g‡i|| wbZ¨ iv‡NBP& mvgv‡j Ñ Zi GMvfyivb Kjw½ —‡i bÕ cv‡idv gi GMvfyi gbvb! j‡M j‡M †_‡e ZzB gi M`v RbgvbÑ Zigi wØqvb M¨v, f~q wØRbi civb G°vb| Zvicit AvqygKv‡j gi gibi c‡i Lywjw`P PviKvZ¨v NiP RvbvjvDb‡i Pz‡e Pz‡e Zzwj y P& G‡°v dyj gi eyMZ gi †hb Kb KË¨ bq gibi yNZ! gyB‡hb fvweÑcvis dzji aM cweÎ Gj gi M`v Rbgvb


wnj Uªv±m GbwR †dvivg, Ryg C&m&‡_wUKm KvDwÝj, Kv‡cs I †Kqvi-evsjv‡`k Gi †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M Avš—R©vwZK gvZ…fvlv wèm Dcj‡¶¨

Av‡jvPbv mfv 21 †deª“qvix 2005, wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx, iv½vgvwU

Avš—R©vwZK gvZ…fvlv wèm Dcj‡¶ 21 †deª“qvix 2004 wnj Uªv±m GbwR †dvivg, Ryg Cm&‡_wUKm KvDwÝj, Kv‡cs I †Kqvi-evsjv‡`k Gi †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M w`be¨vcx wewfbœ Kg©m~Px nv‡Z †bqv nq|

mKvj 7.00 NwUKvq mgq wnj Uª v±m GbwRI †dviv‡gi †Pqvicvm©b ivRv †èvkxl iv‡qi †bZ…‡Z¡ G¨vW‡fv‡KU fe‡Zvl †Ìqvb, exi Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v, `x‡cv¾j Lxmv Ghs Kv‡cs-Gi c¶ †_‡K D™¢vlb PvKgv I gswms‡Tv gvigv cÖgyL cÖwZwbwae„›` knx` wgbv‡i cy®úgvj¨ Ac©Y K‡ib|

Gici mKvj 9.00 NwUKvq iv½vgvwU †cŠimfv PZ¡i †_‡K ïi“ nq eY©vX¨ i¨vjx| G i¨vjx ebiƒcv n‡q wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx cÖv½‡Y wM‡q †kl nq| i¨vjx D‡Øvab K‡ib wewkó †jLK evey exi Kzgvi ZÂ½¨v| i¨vjx‡Z GBPwUGbG‡di m`m¨f~³ iv½vgvwU ’ mKj GbwRImg~n, RvK, Kv‡cs, †Kqvi-evsjv‡`k, fvS Avjvg †MBb SvK, i`s wkíx‡Mvôx, wMwimyi wkíx‡Mvôx BZ¨vw` msMVbmg~n AskMÖnY K‡i| G Dcj‡¶¨ Av‡qvRK Pvi msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M ¯§viK wU-kvU© cÖKvk Kiv nq|

weKvj 3.30 NwUKvq wkíKjv GKv‡Wgx wgjbvqZ‡b Ôgv‡qi fvlvq co‡Z PvBÕ G †k−vMvb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L ÔcÖv_wgK —‡i gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g wk¶v PvjyKiYÕ kxl©K Av‡jvPbv mfv AbywôZ nq| Av‡jvPbv mfvq mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib wnj Uª v±m GbwRI †dviv‡gi †Pqvicvm©b ivRv †èvkxl ivq| mfvq Ôcve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g cÖv_wgK wk¶vq Avwèvmx fvlv cÖ‡qvM I cÖPjbÕ wel‡qi Dci wmAvBwcwWÕi wbe©vnx cÖavb kªx Rbjvj PvKgv Ges evey g„Yvj Kvwš— wÎcyiv, evey: gswms‡Tv gvigv I evey my‡Lk¦i PvKgv ÔAvwèvmx‡ì fvlv cÖPjb I PPv©Õ kxl©K cÖeÜ Dc ’vcb K‡ib| Av‡jvPK wn‡m‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AvÂwjK cwil‡ì m`m¨ kªx myavwmÜz Lxmv, †Kqvi-evsjv‡`k-Gi cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AvÂwjK mgšqK evey cÖkvš— wÎcyiv, wnj Uª v±m GbwRI †dviv‡gi Dc‡`óv kªx g½j Kzgvi PvKgv, iv½vgvwU †cÖm K¬v‡ei mfvcwZ evey mywbjKvwš— †`, Avw` I ’vqx evOvjx Kj¨vY cwil‡ì mfvcwZ †gv: BDmyd Avjg, BDGbwWwcÕi civgk©K evey KxwZ© wbkvb PvKgv cÖgyL e¨w³| Av‡jvPbv mfv cwiPvjbv K‡ib GBPwUGbG‡di m¤úv`K G¨vW‡fv‡KU fe‡Zvl †Ìqvb| Av‡jvPbv mfv †k‡l RvK-Gi eë ’vcbvq GK g‡bvÁ mvs¯‹…wZK Abyôvb cwi‡ekb Kiv nq|

wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv mfvi Av‡jvPKe„‡›ì e³‡eï mvims‡¶c eb©bv Kiv n‡jv|

gvZ…fvlvq wk¶vi †¶‡Î Avwèvmx‡ì Øviv cÖwZwôZ msMVbmg~‡ni D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e KxwZ© wbkvb PvKgv, DbœqbKgx©


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Kapaeeng An Indigenous Human Rights Organization of Bangladesh

‘Kapaeeng’ is a term derived from indigenous Khumi language, meaning ‘Rights’.

Kapaeeng is a human rights organization, which was established in 2003 with the view to

working for promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples of the country.

As it knows that the indigenous peoples being the most vulnerable sect within the country

are always neglected and victims of various human rights violations. They are deprived

of basic rights guaranteed by the constitution of the State. So it is committed to help the

victimized indigenous peoples by providing legal supports and other substantive

assistances.

It is originally a Dhaka base organization. Some trainings and workshops have already

been conducted by Kapaeeng jointly with some organizations. It has also observed some

internationally recognized days including World Human Rights Day and International

Mother Language Day. Kapaeeng is aiming at establishing a strong network and working

closely with organizations and individuals working on indigenous peoples issues and

rights in local, national and international levels.

CARE-Bangladesh

CARE Bangladesh is a part of CARE International, one of the world's largest private

international humanitarian organizations, enabling families in poor communities to

improve their lives and overcome poverty. CARE began work in Bangladesh in 1949

with the famous CARE packages that the Americans sent to survivors of World War II in

Europe and Asia. Today, CARE is partnering with communities, community based

organizations, the Government and national NGOs to identify and confront root causes of

the poverty. CARE's programs focus on agriculture, education, health, water and

sanitation, nutrition, infrastructure and small enterprise development, reaching around

eight million people in 64 districts of Bangladesh.

CARE Bangladesh seeks a world of hope, tolerance and social justice, where poverty has

been overcome and people live in dignity and security. CARE Bangladesh will be known

everywhere for our unshakable commitment to the dignity of people.

The Education Programme of CARE Bangladesh has three main objectives: a) to improve

access to basic education with special emphasis on girls’ education; b) to improve quality

and relevance of education and c) to enhance education system capacity and

accountability to communities. To pursue these objectives, CARE Bangladesh


implements a project named CHOLEN in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). The project

is sponsored by USAID and Basic Education Initiatives (BEI) grant of CARE-USA.

The strategy adopted by the project to address the key problems of education in the CHT

is through formal government/non-government/community managed schools for Primary

Education. The project facilitates a participatory process whereby indigenous

communities can take ownership and management of the education process, and meet the

educational needs of their children and communities. CHOLEN gives special emphasis

on increasing girls’ education and enhancing teaching-learning methodology in schools.

As one of the means of promoting enhanced teaching-learning methodology, the project

also encourages appropriate usage of indigenous languages in the classroom. CHOLEN

works in partnership with local partner organizations and attempts to influence local

government agencies to improve facilities in education system in CHT.

gv‡qi fvlvq co‡z pvb - kapaeeng mother language... · gv‡qi fvlvq co‡z pvb 4 gv‡qi fvlvq...

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