gy 402: sedimentary petrologysedimentary structures. george allen and unwin 194p) grain size = a...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology
Lecture 3: Fluid Flow and Sediment Entrainment
Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
![Page 2: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Last Tuesday
A) Basic sediment grain size B) Ternary plots (grain size classification) C) Interpreting grain size data (case studies)
D) Grain size parameters (statistics)
![Page 3: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Udden-Wentworth grain size (Wentworth, 1922)
Gravel: (>2.00 mm)
Sand: (0.063 mm – 2.00 mm)
Silt: (0.004 mm – 0.063mm)
Clay: (< 0.004mm)
From
: Lew
is, D
.W.,
1984
. Pra
ctic
al S
edim
ento
logy
.van
Nos
trand
Rei
nhol
d, N
ew Y
ork,
229
p.
![Page 4: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sand-Silt-Clay Scheme 1 Folk (1954)
Symbol Index
C-clay; Z-silt; M-mud; S-sand;
sC-sandy clay; sM-sandy mud; sZ- sandy silt;
cS-clayey sand; mS-muddy sand;
zS-silty sand
![Page 5: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Symbol Index
C-clay; Z-silt; S-sand;
sC-sandy clay; zS-silty sand; sZ- sandy silt; zC- silty clay
cS-clayey sand; szc-sand-silt-clay;
cZ-clayey silt
Sand-Silt-Clay Scheme 2
Sheppard (1954)
![Page 6: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Symbol Index M-mud; G-gravel; S-sand;
sM –sandy mud; mS-muddy sand;
(g)M-slightly gravelly mud; (g)S-slightly gravelly sand;
(g)sM-slightly gravelly sandy mud; (g)mS-slightly gravelly
muddy sand;
gM-gravelly mud; gms-gravelly muddy sand; gS-gravelly sand;
mG-muddy gravel; MsG-muddy sandy gravel; sG sandy gravel
Gravel-Silt-Fines Scheme
Folk (1954)
![Page 7: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Descriptive parameters
Source: Blatt, Middleton and Murray (1980)
![Page 8: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Roundness (comparison of determination
techniques)
Qua
litat
ive (
Pow
ers,
1953
)
![Page 9: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Today’s Agenda
1. Six modes of sediment movement 2. Real simple fluid dynamics (ideal conditions)
3. Initiation of sediment movement 4. Nasty mathematical relationships (Shield’s Diagram)
5. Useful empirical relationships (Hjulstrom’s Diagram)
![Page 10: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sediment Motion
![Page 11: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sediment Motion
• Rest (no movement) • Roll • Slide • Saltation (“bouncing”) • Suspension • Mass flow (viscous flow)
![Page 12: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What is Viscosity?
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
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Modes of Viscous Flow
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 14: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ideal Fluid Flow
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 15: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ideal Fluid Flow
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 16: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ideal Fluid Flow
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 17: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ideal Fluid Flow (f
rom
Col
linso
n, J
.D. a
nd T
hom
pson
, D.B
. 198
2. S
edim
enta
ry S
truct
ures
. Geo
rge
Alle
n an
d U
nwin
194
p)
This cartoon is critical and is the basis for grain size analysis!
![Page 18: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ideal Fluid Flow (f
rom
Col
linso
n, J
.D. a
nd T
hom
pson
, D.B
. 198
2. S
edim
enta
ry S
truct
ures
. Geo
rge
Alle
n an
d U
nwin
194
p)
This cartoon is critical and is the basis for grain size analysis!
Enter Stoke’s Law
![Page 19: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18
![Page 20: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18
g = gravitational constant (9.8 m/s2)
![Page 21: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18
g = gravitational constant (9.8 m/s2)
d = particle size diameter (mm)
![Page 22: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18
g = gravitational constant (9.8 m/s2)
d = particle size diameter (mm)
(sigma) = grain density (g/cm3)
![Page 23: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18
g = gravitational constant (9.8 m/s2)
d = particle size diameter (mm)
= grain density (g/cm3)
(rho) = fluid density
![Page 24: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18
g = gravitational constant (9.8 m/s2)
d = particle size diameter (mm)
= grain density (g/cm3)
= fluid density
(mu) = dynamic fluid viscosity
![Page 25: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18
g = gravitational constant (9.8 m/s2)
d = particle size diameter (mm)
= grain density (g/cm3)
= fluid density
= dynamic fluid viscosity
Vg = settling velocity
![Page 26: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18
![Page 27: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18 g is a constant
![Page 28: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18 g is a constant
= grain density (not a true constant, but…)
![Page 29: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18 g is a constant
= grain density (not a true constant, but…)
= fluid density (not a true constant, but…)
![Page 30: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg = gd2(-)
18 g is a constant
= grain density (not a true constant, but…)
= fluid density (not a true constant, but…)
= dynamic fluid viscosity (not a true constant, but…)
![Page 31: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg kd2
Vg is proportional to grain size
![Page 32: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Stoke’s Law
Vg kd2
Vg is proportional to grain size
or, alternatively, grain size is proportional to settling velocity
![Page 33: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Stoke’s Law (Graphic Representation)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
log d (mm)
log
Vg
(cm
/s)
![Page 34: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Actual settling characteristics
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
log d (mm)
log
Vg
(cm
/s)
![Page 35: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Impact Law (Graphic Representation)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
log d (mm)
log
Vg
(cm
/s)
Vg = 1.33-
![Page 36: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Impact Law (Graphic Representation)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
log d (mm)
log
Vg
(cm
/s)
Vg = 1.33-
The result of turbulence and grain interaction as large grains fall through a fluid
![Page 37: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Impact Law (Graphic Representation)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
log d (mm)
log
Vg
(cm
/s)
Vg = 1.33-
![Page 38: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Impact Law (Graphic Representation)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
log d (mm)
log
Vg
(cm
/s)
Vg = 1.33-
![Page 39: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Impact Law (Graphic Representation)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
log d (mm)
log
Vg
(cm
/s)
![Page 40: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Composite curves (Stoke’s + Impact)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
log d (mm)
log
Vg
(cm
/s)
![Page 41: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Composite curves (Stoke’s + Impact)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
log d (mm)
log
Vg
(cm
/s)
Laminar flow
Turbulent flow
![Page 42: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Composite curves (Stoke’s + Impact)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
log d (mm)
log
Vg
(cm
/s)
![Page 43: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Settling Curve (Graphic Representation)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
log d (mm)
log
Vg
(cm
/s)
Settling Curve
(AKA Rubey’s Curve)
![Page 44: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Grain Size Analysis
![Page 45: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Grain Size Analysis
At 23 oC, all sand and gravel will fall at least 10 cm in 4 minutes, 28 seconds
![Page 46: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
At 23 oC, all silt, sand and gravel will fall at least 7.5 cm in 5 hours, 43 minutes
Grain Size Analysis
![Page 47: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Grain Size Analysis
Sand and gravel are determined via sieving
sand fractions: vc, c, m, f, vf,
gravel fractions: not routinely done
![Page 48: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Sand and gravel are determined via sieving
sand fractions: vc, c, m, f, vf,
gravel fractions: not routinely done
Analysis done using simple excel spread sheet (will be available on departmental computers and/or e-mailed to you)
Grain Size Analysis
![Page 49: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Grain Size Analysis
![Page 50: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Grain Size Analysis
![Page 51: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Grain Size Analysis
![Page 52: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Grain Size Analysis
![Page 53: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Grain Size Analysis
0.005.00
10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.00
grav
el
vc s
and
c sa
nd
m s
and
f san
d
vf s
and
coar
se s
ilt
fine
silt
clay
grain size
wt%
reta
ined
per
sie
ve
![Page 54: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Real Fluid Flow & “Entrainment”
Sorry, but we have to talk a bit about physics (and about how airplanes fly)
![Page 55: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Fluid Flow & “entrainment”
(from Blatt, H, Middleton, G. and Murray, R., 1980. Origin of Sedimentary Rocks. Prentice Hill, 782 p)
Entrainment is synonomous with: “initiation of grain movement”
![Page 56: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Sediment Entrainment
(from Blatt, H, Middleton, G. and Murray, R., 1980. Origin of Sedimentary Rocks. Prentice Hill, 782 p)
Shear Velocity
![Page 57: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Sediment Entrainment (Shield’s Diagram)
(from Blatt, H, Middleton, G. and Murray, R., 1980. Origin of Sedimentary Rocks. Prentice Hill, 782 p)
![Page 58: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom’s Diagram)
(from Blatt, H, Middleton, G. and Murray, R., 1980. Origin of Sedimentary Rocks. Prentice Hill, 782 p)
![Page 59: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram)
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 60: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram)
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 61: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Entrainment
Deposition
Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram)
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 62: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Traction
Deposition
Suspension
Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram)
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 63: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Grain size = a
Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram)
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 64: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Grain size = a
Entrainment = ae
Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram)
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 65: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Grain size = a
Entrainment = ae
Entrainment velocity = Vae
Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram)
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 66: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Grain size = a
Suspension = as
Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram)
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 67: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Grain size = a
Suspension = as
Suspension velocity = Vas
Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram)
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 68: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Grain size = a
Settling = ad
Settling velocity = Vad
Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram)
(from Collinson, J.D. and Thompson, D.B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p)
![Page 69: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Upcoming Stuff
Homework 1) Write 2 Ass. (Hypothesis write up) Due Thursday 11 AM
2) Write 1 Assignment redo (Paper Structure) Due Thursday 11 AM 3) Peer 1 Assignment Due Friday 5 PM
Today’s Lab
Grain Size Analysis
Online Lecture (watch Wednesday): Bed form Development (5)
Thursday Activity
Activity 2: Hand specimens (bring your hand lens)
More!
![Page 70: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Writing Assignment 2
Hypothesis
More!
![Page 71: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Writing Assignment 2
Methods
Done!
![Page 72: GY 402: Sedimentary PetrologySedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin 194p) Grain size = a Suspension = as Sediment Entrainment (Hjulstom-Sundborg Diagram) (from Collinson, J.D](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022060707/607392c11e83566cc025f803/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
GY 402: Sedimentary Petrology
Lecture 3: Fluid Dynamics
Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick [email protected]
This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposed. For personal use only.