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200

300

400

500

100

Arctic Ecosystems

200

300

400

500

100

Oil Spill Response Equipment

200

300

400

500

100

Water Properties & Ocean

Technology

200

300

400

500

100

Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic

200

300

400

500

100

ROVs

Water Properties & Ocean Technology

100 Points

QUESTION:

� Why is it important to study the ocean?

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ANSWER:

� The ocean covers the majority of the planet and is an unknown and untapped source of resources and interesting phenomena.

Water Properties & Ocean Technology

200 Points

QUESTION:

� What is density?

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ANSWER:

� Density = Mass/Volume

� How much “stuff” is in a certain amount of space.

Water Properties & Ocean Technology

300 Points

QUESTION:

� What does AUV stand for?

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ANSWER:

� Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

Water Properties & Ocean Technology

400 Points

QUESTION:

� Name three ways we explore the ocean?

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ANSWER:

� ROVs, AUVs, free diving, SCUBA diving, diving bells, submarines, submersibles, satellites.

Water Properties & Ocean Technology

500 PointsQUESTION:

� Why do we need so many different pieces of technology to study the ocean?

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ANSWER:

� Each piece of technology gives us a different view of the ocean and its various aspects. Some are more appropriate or affordable in different situations.

Oil Spill Response Equipment

100 PointsQUESTION:

� What are two types of equipment used to trap and clean up an oil spill?

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ANSWER:

� Boom

� Skimmer

� Absorbent Pad

Oil Spill Response Equipment

200 Points

QUESTION:

� Which is more dense, oil or water?

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ANSWER:

� Water

Oil Spill Response Equipment

300 Points

QUESTION:

� Describe how an oil mousse is created.

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ANSWER:

� Oil is emulsified and mixed with water due to wind and wave action.

Oil Spill Response Equipment

400 PointsQUESTION:

� Name two seasonal effects of an oil spill in the spring.

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ANSWER:

� Deformed or dead herring eggs, deaths of vulnerable salmon fry, disruption of bird migrations, loss of food for birds and fish.

Oil Spill Response Equipment

500 PointsQUESTION:

� What are some special problems with an oil spill on a rocky coast?

� What is a possible strategy for clean-up?

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ANSWER:

� The oil could sink between the rocks making it harder to clean up. Rocky coastlines are often hard to get to, hindering cleanup efforts.

� Absorbent pads.

Arctic Ecosystems

100 Points

QUESTION:

� Give one definition of the Arctic.

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ANSWER:

� Area north of the Arctic Circle.

� Area north of the tree line

� Area where the average daily summer temperature does not get above 10°C

Arctic Ecosystems

200 Points

QUESTION:

� Name the two major lifestyles of native Arctic people.

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ANSWER:

� Marine and Terrestrial

Arctic Ecosystems

300 PointsQUESTION:

� Name one plant and one animal that lives in the Arctic..

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ANSWER:

� Plants: Reindeer lichen, wooly lousewort, Arctic poppy, purple saxifrage, Arctic willow, orange lichen, bearberry, pasque flower, cotton grass, mountain sorrel.

� Animals: Snowy owl, polar bear, tundra swan, Arctic hare, beluga whale,musk ox, caribou, reindeer, lemming, Arctic fox, walrus, tufted puffin, snow goose, Arctic tern.

Arctic Ecosystems

400 PointsQUESTION:

� Name two adaptation strategies that animals use to survive in the Arctic.

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ANSWER:

� Migration, hibernation, physical traits (color change, layers of feathers or hair, wide feet or “snowshoes”, etc.)

Arctic Ecosystems

500 PointsQUESTION:

� Name one adaptation Arctic plants have that all0ws them to survive.

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ANSWER:

� Growing small, close together, close to the ground.

� Shallow root systems, ability to grow quickly in low temperatures, ability to spread vegetatively (without seeds)

Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic

100 Points

QUESTION:

� Name two characteristics of climate change.

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ANSWER:

� Rising temperatures, changes in weather, warm acidic oceans, melting ice caps, rising sea levels, retreating glaciers

Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic

200 Points

QUESTION:

� Name two different kinds of sea ice.

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ANSWER:

� Fast Ice

� Pack Ice

� Old Ice

� First-year Ice

Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic

300 Points

QUESTION:

� Explain the albedo effect.

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ANSWER:

� Light surfaces such as snow and ice reflect more sunlight, while dark surfaces like open water absorb sunlight. As the ocean absorbs more heat, it warms up, causing more ice to melt, which means there is more surface area where sunlight is being absorbed.

Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic

400 Points

QUESTION:

� How does retreating sea ice affect black guillemots?

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ANSWER:

� As sea ice retreats farther from land, guillemots have to travel greater distances to feed their chicks, so they can’t bring as much food back. At some point, they won’t be able to get enough food to keep their chicks alive and will have to find another food source

Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic

500 PointsQUESTION:

� Name two reasons why an oil spill in the Arctic could be particularly devastating.

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ANSWER:

� Environmentally sensitive region, top predators congregate, food web dependent on plankton blooms, short productive season

ROVs

100 Points

QUESTION:

� What does “ROV” stand for?

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ANSWER:

� Remotely Operated Vehicle

ROVs

200 Points

QUESTION:

� How do we operate ROVs?

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ANSWER:

� Using a controller and tether attached to the machine.

ROVs

300 Points

QUESTION:

� How can ROVs help us in the arctic?

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ANSWER:

� Explore the harsh/dark environment, clean up oil spills, access areas under the ice.

ROVs

400 PointsQUESTION:

� Name two things to consider when designing an ROV.

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ANSWER:

� Even distribution of weight, motor placement, distribution of floatation relative to weight, what tasks the ROV needs to accomplish.

ROVs

500 PointsQUESTION:

� What three properties of water are important to understand when designing an ROV?

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ANSWER:

� Density

� Buoyancy

� Pressure