hand foot and mouth disease-jay's report

8/12/2019 Hand Foot and Mouth Disease-jay's Report

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HAND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE

PREPARED BY:

JASON E. SENA, RN


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Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is an infectious diseasethat, in most cases, is caused by the cox sackie vi rus.

What are the types of coxsackieviruses and what canthey cause?

There are two different types of coxsackieviruses: A andB. Type A viruses cause herpangina (sores in the throat)and hand, foot, and mouth disease. Type B viruses causeepidemic pleurodynia, and inflammation in the chest. Bothtypes A and B viruses can cause meningitis(inflammationof the spinal cord or brain), myocarditis (inflammation ofthe heart muscle), and pericarditis (inflammation of thesac surrounding the heart). They also may have a role inthe development of acute onsetjuvenile (type 1) diabetes.
http://children.webmd.com/vaccines/tc/meningitis-topic-overviewhttp://diabetes.webmd.com/guide/type-1-diabeteshttp://diabetes.webmd.com/guide/type-1-diabeteshttp://diabetes.webmd.com/guide/type-1-diabeteshttp://diabetes.webmd.com/guide/type-1-diabeteshttp://children.webmd.com/vaccines/tc/meningitis-topic-overview


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The disease most often occurs in children

under 10 and is characterized by a rash of

small blister-like sores on the palms of the

hands, soles of the feet, and in the mouth


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Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and

headache. The disease is spread from

person to person through saliva, fluid from

blisters, or the stools of an infected person.

Outbreaks occur most often in the summer

and early fall.


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There is no treatment other than a pain

reliever like acetaminophen. Saltwater mouth

rinses may sooth sores in the mouth. The

infection usually passes in a week.


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PHOTO CREDITS BY WEBMD:


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CHICKENPOX VARICELLA)

is a common illness that causes an itchy rash

and red spots or blisters (pox) all over the

body. It is most common in children, but most

people will get chickenpox at some point intheir lives if they have not had the

chickenpox vaccine.


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caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It canspread easily. You can get it from an infectedperson who sneezes, coughs, or shares food or

drinks. You can also get it if you touch the fluidfrom a chickenpox blister.

A person who has chickenpox can spread thevirus even before he or she has any symptoms.

Chickenpox is most easily spread from 2 to 3days before the rashappears until allthe blistershave crusted over.
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/rash-age-12-and-older-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/understanding-blisters-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/understanding-blisters-basicshttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/tc/rash-age-12-and-older-topic-overview


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The first symptoms of chickenpox often are a

fever, a headache, and a sore throat. You or

your child may feel sick, tired, and not very

hungry. The chickenpox rashusually appearsabout 1 or 2 days after the first symptoms

start. Some children get the chickenpox rash

without having a fever or other earlysymptoms.
http://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/tc/sore-throat-topic-overviewhttp://children.webmd.com/vaccines/chickenpoxhttp://children.webmd.com/vaccines/chickenpoxhttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/tc/sore-throat-topic-overviewhttp://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/default.htm


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It usually takes 14 to 16 days to get the

symptoms of chickenpox after you have been

around someone with the virus. This is called

the incubation period.After a chickenpox red spot appears, it usually

takes about 1 or 2 days for the spot to go

through all its stages. This includes blistering,bursting, drying, and crusting over. New red

spots will appear every day for up to 5 to 7

days.


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Most healthy children and adults need only hometreatment for chickenpox. Home treatment includesresting and taking medicines to reduce feverand itching. You also can soak in oatmeal baths to

help with itching. People with long-term diseases or other health

problems may need more treatment for chickenpox.They may need immunoglobulintreatment (IG) or

antiviral medicine. Your doctor can give you thesesoon after you are exposed to the virus to help youfeel better sooner.
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/immune-globulin-ighttp://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/immune-globulin-ighttp://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/default.htm


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You can prevent chickenpox by gettingthe chickenpox vaccine. Doctors recommend twodoses of this shot for healthy children 12 months ofage and older who have not had chickenpox. Older

children and adults who have not had chickenpox andhave not yet had the vaccine also need two doses.

If you have been around a person who has the virusand you have not had chickenpox or the vaccine, you

still may be able to prevent the illness. Get a shot ofchickenpox antibodies or the vaccine right away.
http://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/chickenpox-varicella-vaccinehttp://www.webmd.com/hw-popup/chickenpox-varicella-vaccine


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HERPES ZOSTER an infection resulting from reactivation of the

varicella-zoster virus (VZV) that affects

peripheral or cranial nerves and usually

occurs years after primary infection with thevaricella (chickenpox) virus or receipt of the

live, attenuated varicella vaccine


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The disease manifests as painful cutaneouseruptions over a single dermatome or two ormore contiguous dermatomes; they are

invariably unilateral and do not cross themidline. These eruptions are most commonlydistributed on the thorax but can appearanywhere on the body. In some cases,

cranial nerves supplying the eyes, ears, andface are involved, resulting in complicatedpresentations with potentially severesequelae


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DRUGS:

Acyclovir

Famciclovir

Herpes Zoster Virus Vaccine

Valacyclovir
https://www.clinicalkey.com/https://www.clinicalkey.com/https://www.clinicalkey.com/https://www.clinicalkey.com/https://www.clinicalkey.com/https://www.clinicalkey.com/https://www.clinicalkey.com/https://www.clinicalkey.com/


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Herpes zoster. Also called shingles, zona,and zoster. The culprit is the varicella-zostervirus. Primary infection with this virus

causes chickenpox(varicella). At this time thevirus infects nerves (namely, the dorsal rootganglia) where it remains latent (lies low) foryears. It can then be reactivated to cause

shingles with blisters over the distribution ofthe affected nerve accompanied by oftenintense pain and itching.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=473http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=319http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=15781http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=15781http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=319http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=473


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THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SHINGLES USUALLY AFFECT

ONLY A SMALL SECTION OF ONE SIDE OF YOUR BODY. THESE

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS MAY INCLUDE:PAIN, BURNING, NUMBNESS OR TINGLING

A RED RASH THAT BEGINS A FEW DAYS AFTER THE PAIN

FLUID-FILLED BLISTERS THAT BREAK OPEN AND CRUST OVER

ITCHING

Shingles


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Some people also experience:

Fever and chills

General achinessHeadache

Fatigue


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The causative agent of herpes zoster, VZV, is

a linear, double-stranded deoxyribonucleic

acid (DNA) genome enclosed in a protein

envelope. After a bout of illness with theprimary infection (chickenpox), the virus lies

dormant in the sensory nerve ganglion until

reactivated.


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Risk factors:

Advanced age (the older the patient, the

higher the risk) In elderly patients or when cellular immunity

becomes compromised, the level of T-cellfunction decreases until it falls below a thresholdthat is associated with inadequate containmentof VZV reactivation and the subsequentdevelopment of herpes zoster


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Immunocompromise due to disease or use ofimmunosuppressive medicationsCancer, humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, organ or bonemarrow transplantation, and chronic intake ofimmunosuppressive medications predispose patientsto have poor cell-mediated immunity and, thus,develop herpes zoster

Immunocompromised patients are 20 times morelikely to develop herpes zoster than

immunocompetent patients. They are also more likelyto have more diffuse involvement, severe skinlesions, increased severity and duration of pain, andatypical manifestations


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Emotional and psychological stress

Emotional stress, such as bereavement, may be

associated with the development of herpes

zoster within 6 months after the stressful lifeevent

Long-term stress may alter the immune system,

and specific VZV cellular immunity is lower

among adults with major depression


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Mechanical trauma

Believed to stimulate the nervous system, thus

triggering reactivation of dormant VZV in the

dorsal root ganglion

White race

Female gender

hand foot and mouth disease-jay's report

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