hand tremor sensing module
DESCRIPTION
Hand Tremor Sensing Module. Group #4 Ander Sahonero Andrew Mendoza Anisley Valenciaga Tatiana Bejarano Ricardo Siu. Purpose and Goals. Investigate the types of tremors present in humans Examine the causes and treatments Determine the frequency at which they appear - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Hand Tremor Sensing Module
Group #4
Ander SahoneroAndrew Mendoza
Anisley ValenciagaTatiana Bejarano
Ricardo Siu
Purpose and Goals
Investigate the types of tremors present in humans
Examine the causes and treatments Determine the frequency at which
they appear All of this will be done in order to
construct a medical device which can be used as a tremor sensor
Then use device to observe subject at rest , standing up, and after exercising
What is a tremor?
Unintentional, sometimes rhythmic movement of muscles of the body
Commonly occur within the hands, also occur in head, neck, arms, legs, torso, or other body parts
Can propagate from one region of the body to another
Occur between frequencies of 5 to 15 Hz
Two main types: physiological and pathological
Causes of Tremors
Natural Causes Caffeine Stress, Anxiety, and
Fatigue Prescription, Medication,
Age Low Blood Sugar Alcohol Drug Abuse
Causes of Tremors
Neurological Disorders Caused by problems arising in parts of the
brain whose purpose is to control muscles in specific areas of the body• Parkinson’s• Multiple Sclerosis• Strokes
Types of Tremors
Resting Tremor These tremors are
present when your muscles are resting
The tremor may go away or become less noticeable when you move muscles that are involved
Action Tremors Occur at the end of a
intended movement ( writing, pressing a button, or reaching for an object)
The tremor will usually disappear while the affected body part is at rest
Three main types of tremors:
Kinetic Tremors Holding arm or leg in one
position for a period of time against gravity (writing, holding a cup, holding your arms out, or when you stand up straight)
Types of Tremors
Physiologic tremor - every normal individual and has no clinical significance
Essential tremor-is the most common of the more than 20 types of tremor
Parkinsonian tremor - damage to structures within the brain that control movement
Dystonic tremor -all ages who are affected by dystonia
Psychogenic tremor - can occur at rest or during postural or kinetic movement
Orthostatic tremor -fast (>12Hz) rhythmic muscle contractions that occur in the legs and trunk immediately after standing
Rubral tremor is characterized by coarse slow tremor which is present at rest, at posture and with intention
Cerebellar tremor - slow, broad tremor -extremities that occurs at the end of a purposeful movement
Tremor Video
Are there cures for Tremors?
There are no cures for most tremors
There are some medications that can be taken to reduce effects
Psychogenic tremors
can be treated
Treatment for Tremors
Drug treatment for parkinsonian tremor Levodopa and/or dopamine-like drugs Lowering effects include amantadine
hydrochloride an anticholine drugs Propranolol or beta blockers
are used when treating essential tremors
Elimination of trigger such as caffeine and altering diet
Physical therapy
Mechanical interface design
A piezo-film transducer was utilized which a circuit was able to convert changes in displacement to electrical signals
After going through the filters, the transducer is capable of obtaining readings for frequencies that fall within the range of normal hand tremor frequencies
Our device picks up frequencies between 1 Hz and 10Hz
Fabricating Interface
One objective of our tremor sensing equipment was to make it fully portable and,
when functioning as an activity measuring device,
wearable
Hand positioning Testing procedure
must follow this plan of action: The equipment is to
be set on a stable base
Hand is to be unsupported and the finger positioned lightly above the transducer
Hand (right or left) must be placed in a rested position
Measurement to be taken at the index finger or middle finger
Positioning of belt When the equipment is
to be used as an activity measuring device: The device is simply worn
across the waist in a belt-like fashion
Detach the Velcro straps Place the belt around your
waist Fasten belt to your girth,
making sure it is securely fastened so device is not shaking while your exercising
Components
Piezoelectric transducer: to change mechanical energy into electrical energy
10-segment LED bar graph: displays intensity of tremor
Components
LM 3914 IC: driver of the LED bar
LM 741: operational amplifier to modify input
Components
Potentiometer: used as a variable resistor
Diode: to allow current to pass in one direction
Components
Breadboard: is a construction base for a electronic circuit
Jumper wires: used to transfer electrical signals from on part of the breadboard to the central microcontroller
Resistors: two-terminal passive electronic component which implements electrical resistance as a circuit element
Capacitors: device for storing electric charge.
Apparatus
Transducer
Low Pass
LED and Driver
Potentiometer
Envelop Detector Input Amplifier
Design of Circuit
Apparatus
Transducer
Low PassLED and Driver
Potentiometer
Envelop Detector
Input Amplifier
Final Circuit Design
Schematics
Input Amplifier
Schematics
Low Pass Filter
Schematics
Amplifiers Combined
Schematics
Envelope Detector
Schematics
Electronic Module Design
Compromises Required
In order to make it portable, we used a smaller graph display
To make design meet the power supply specifications a bulky battery pack was used
Final Product
Video Demonstration
Long Term Data/ Results
Output of the assembly when
the person is resting
Output of the assembly when
the person is standing
Output of the assembly after
running for 5 minutes
Future Directions General
A smaller transducer Integration of a recording module
Tremor Sensor Better patient interface LED displays warning when a certain threshold
is reached Actigraph
Improve the design by encasing it• More durable and rugged design
Live Demonstration
We will now perform a live demonstration of our hand
tremor detector with the help of a live subject (patient)
from the audience, where a signal tremor will be
displayed