handbook - ip-20n basic training course t7.9 - copia

8/18/2019 Handbook - IP-20N Basic Training Course T7.9 - Copia

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COURSE HANDBOOKInstallation | Commissioning | System Configuration

FibeAir IP-20N Basic Training Course

Updated for SW Version T7.9

Visit our Customer Training Portal at cts.ceragon.com or contact us at [email protected]

Trainee Name: _________________

Copyright 2014 Ceragon Networks Ltd. www.ceragon.com & cts.ceragon.com


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FibeAir IP‐20N Ceragon Training Course

CERAGON TRAINING

PROGRAM

–

IP

‐20N

Basic

Training

Course

Sw

7.9

Table of Content

Intro to Radio Systems ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 005

IP‐20N Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 029

Radio Frequency Units – RFUs ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 059

First Login…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 077

Shelf Management……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 085

ACM & MSE….…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………. 089

Radio Link Parameters…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………… 101

Automatic Transmit Power Control ATPC……………………………………….……………………………………. 107

IP‐20N XPIC Configuration……………………………….…………………………………………………………………. 113

Service Model in IP‐20N………………………….…………………………………………………………………………. 121

Protection System Configuration……………………………………………………………………………………….. 145

Multi Carrier ABC………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 159

Licensing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 177

Native TDM ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 187

Configuration Management & Software Download…………………………………………………………… 205

Troubleshooting………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 219

Header De‐Duplication………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 237

TCC Redundancy…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 247

Cascading Port Configuration …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 257

Course Evaluation Form………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 263

3


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4


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Version 3

Introduction to Radio Systems

October 2014

Proprietary and Confidential

Agenda

2

• Radio Relay Principles

• Parameters affecting propagations:

• Dispersion

• Humidity/gas absorption

• Multipath/ducting

• Atmospheric conditions (refraction)

• Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)

• Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)

• Rain attenuation

• Modulation

5


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Digital Transmission Systems

3


RF Signal

Path Terrain

f1

f1’

Radio Relay Principles

• A Radio Link requires two end stations

• A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required

• Microwave Radio Link frequencies occupy 1-80GHz

4

6


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High and Low frequency station

Local site

High station

Remote site

Low station

High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’)

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz

Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)

Full duplex

5


Standard frequency plan patterns

Frequency reuse:

2,4V

1,3V1,3H 1,3H 1,3H

Reduced risk for overshoot

Frequency shift:

1,3V1,3H 2,4H

Reduced risk for overshoot

Only Low stations can interfere High stations

1,3H

Tx in upper part of band

Tx in lower part of band

1,3VLow High Low High

6

Tx Tx Tx

TxTxTx

TxTx

TxTx

Tx

Tx

7


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Preferred site location structure

7


RF Tx Filter Branching

Network(*)Feeder

Z' B' C' D' A'

Feeder

DBranching

Network(*)

C BRF Rx Filter

A

Receiver

E

Demodulator

Z

Modulator

E'

RECEIVER PATH

TRANSMITTER PATH

Transmitter Digital

Line interface

Digital

Line interface Output

signal

Input

signal

Radio Principal Block Diagram

8

8


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RF Principals

• RF - System of communication employing electromagnetic waves

(EMW) propagated through space

• EMW travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s)

• The wave length is determined by the frequency as follows -

Wave Length

• Microwave – refers to very short waves (millimeters) and typically

relates to frequencies above 1GHz:

300 MHz ~ 1 meter

10 GHz ~ 3 cm

9

f

c

where c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic

waves in vacuum (3x108 m/s)


RF Principals

• We can see the relationship between colour, wavelength and amplitudeusing this animation

10

9


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Radio Spectrum

11

Parameters Affecting Propagation

12

10


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Parameters Affecting Propagation

• Dispersion

• Humidity/gas absorption

• Multipath/ducting

• Atmospheric conditions (refraction)

• Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)

• Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)

• Rain attenuation

13


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Dispersion

• Electromagnetic signal propagating in a physical medium is degraded

because the various wave components (i.e., frequencies, wavelengths)

have different propagation velocities within the physical medium:

• Low frequencies have longer wavelength and refract less

• High frequencies have shorter wavelength and refract more

14

11


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Parameters Affecting Propagation Atmospheric Refraction

• Deflection of the beam towards the ground due to different electrical

characteristics of the atmosphere’s is called Dielectric Constant.

• The dielectric constant depends on pressure, temperature &

humidity in the atmosphere, parameters that are normally decrease

with altitude

• Since waves travel faster through thinner medium, the upper part of the

wave will travel faster than the lower part, causing the beam to bend

downwards, following the curve of earth

15

No Atmosphere

With Atmosphere


Wave in atmosphere

16

12


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Parameters Affecting Propagation – Multipath

• Multipath occurs when there is more then one beam reaching the receiver

with different amplitude or phase

• Multipath transmission is the main cause of fading in low frequencies

17

Direct beam

Delayed beam


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Duct

• Atmospheric duct refers to a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere with

vertical refractive index gradients causing radio signals:

• Remain within the duct

• Follow the curvature of the Earth

• Experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not

present

18

Duct Layer

Terrain

Duct Layer

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Parameters Af fecting Propagation - Polarization andRain

• Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 9 millimetersmean diameter (above that they tend to break up)

• Smaller drops are called cloud droplets, and their shape is spherical.

• As a raindrop increases in

• size, its shape becomes more

• oblate, with its largestcross-section facing the

• oncoming airflow.

19

Large rain drops become

Increasingly flattened on theBottom;

very large ones are shaped

like parachutes


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading

• Refers to scenarios where signal is absorbed by rain, snow, ice

• Absorption becomes significant factor above 11GHz

• Signal quality degrades

• Represented by “dB/km” parameter which is related the rain

density which represented “mm/hr”

• Rain drops falls as flattened droplet

V better than H (more immune to rain fading)

20

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Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading

21

Heavier rain >> Heavier Atten.

Higher FQ >> Higher Attenuation


Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone

22

Terrain

Duct Layer0

1st

2nd

3rd

TX RX

1. EMW propagate in beams

2. Some beams widen – therefore, their path is longer

3. A phase shift is introduced between the direct and indirectbeam

4. Thus, ring zones around the direct line are created

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Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone

• Obstacles in the first Fresnel zone will create signals that will be 0 to 90 degrees outof phase…in the 2nd zone they will be 90 to 270 degrees out of phase…in 3rd zone,

they will be 270 to 450 degrees out of phase and so on…

• Odd numbered zones are constructive and even numbered zones are destructive.

• When building wireless links, we therefore need to be sure that these zones are keptfree of obstructions.

• In wireless networking the area containing about 40-60 percent of the first Fresnelzone should be kept free.

23


Example: First condition

24

16


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RF Link Basic Components – Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)

25


RSSI Curve for RFU-C

1,9V

1,6V

1,3V

-30dBm -60dbm -90dBm

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• Standard performance antennas (SP,LP)

• Used for remote access links with low capacity. Re-using frequencies on adjacent links is notnormally possible due to poor front to back ratio.

• High performance antennas (HP)

• Used for high and low capacity links where only one polarization is used. Re-usingfrequencies is possible. Can not be used with co-channel systems.

• High performance dual polarized antennas (HPX)

• Used for high and low capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-usingfrequencies is possible. Can be used for co-channel systems.

• Super high performance dual polarized antennas (HSX)

• Normally used on high capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-usingfrequencies is possible with high interference protection. Ideal for co-channel systems.

• Ultra high performance dual polarized antennas (UHX)• Normally used on high capacity links with high interference requirements. Re-using

frequencies in many directions is possible. Can be used with co-channel systems.

Main Parabolic Antenna Types

27


Passive Repeaters

Plane

reflector

Back-to-backantennas

28

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Link Calculation – Basic Example (in vacuum)

Lfs

TSL Ga Lfsl Ga Lw

Lb

Lf

RSL

RSL=TSL+Ga‐Lfsl+Ga‐Lw‐Lb‐Lf

RSL ‐ Received Signal Level

TSL – Transmitted Signal Level

Lfsl ‐ Free‐space loss = 92.45 + 20 log x(distance in km x frequency in GHz)

Lf ‐ Filter loss

Lb ‐ Branching loss

Lw ‐ Waveguide loss

Ga – Antenna gain

29


Atmospher ic attenuation

][ dBd Aaa

Starts to contribute to the total attenuation above approximately 15GHz

Parameters in a:

Frequency

Temperature

Air pressure

Water vapour

30

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Objective examples

• Typical objectives used in real systems

• 99.999%• Month: 25.9 sec

• Year: 5 min 12 sec

• 99.995 %• Month: 2 min 10 sec

• Year: 26 min

• 99.99%• Month: 260 sec

• Year: 51 min

• Performance requirements generally higher than Availability.

• ITU use worst month for Performance Average year for Availability

31

Modulation

32

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Modulation

Modulation

Analog

Modulation

Digital

Modulation

AM - Amplitude modulation ASK – Amplitude Shift Keying

FM - Frequency modulation FSK – Frequency Shift Keying

PM – Phase modulation PSK – Phase Shift Keying

QAM – Quadrature Amplitude modulation

33


Modem

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

1 0 1 1 0 11 0

Modem

1 111 10 0 0

0111 0 11

F1F2F1 F1F2F1 F1

Modem

1 1 1 1 10 0 0

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

1800 phase shift

ASK modulation changes the amplitude to the analog

signale.”1” and “ 0” have different amplitude.

FSK modulation is a method of represent the two

binary states ”1” and ”0” with different

spcific frequencies.

PSK modulation changes the phase to the transmittedsignal. The simplest method uses 0 and 1800 .

Digital modulation

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QAM Modulation

• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase modulation(PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK)

• The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the numberof modulation states used.

• In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7)alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight uniquemodulation states

• In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in 128QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on

4QAM 2bits/symbol 256QAM 8bits/symbol

8QAM 3bits/symbol 512QAM 9bits/symbol

16QAM 4bits/symbol 1024QAM 10bits/symbol32QAM 5bits/symbol 2048QAM 11bits/symbol

64QAM 6bits/symbol

128QAM 7bits/symbol

35


Why QAM and not ASK or PSK for higher modulation?

• This is because QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent pointsin the I-Q plane by distributing the points more evenly

• The points on the constellation are more distinct and data errors arereduced

• Higher modulation >> more bits per symbol

• Constellation points are closer >>TX is more susceptible to noise

36

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Constellation diagram

• In a more abstract sense, it represents the possible symbols that may beselected by a given modulation scheme as points in the complex plane.

Measured constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of

interference and distortion in a signal.

37


8 QAM Modulation Example

We have stream: 001-010-100-011-101-000-011-110

Bit sequence Amplitude Phase (degrees)

000

1

None

001

2

None

010

1

pi/2

(90°)

011

2

pi/2

(90°)

100

1

pi

(180°)

101

2

pi

(180°)

110

1

3pi/2

(270°)

111

2 3pi/2

(270°)

How does constellation diagram look?

DIGITAL QAM (8QAM)

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4QAM VS. 16QAM

4QAM 16QAM

39


2048 QAM

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2-PSK

4-PSK

8-PSK

16-QAM

64-QAM

Bandwidth

DecreasesModulation

Complixity

Increases

Bandwidth vs. Modulation

41


P o w e r

Noise

Signal

S/N

P o w e r

Noise

S/N

Signal

P o w e r

Noise

S/N

Signal

P o w e r

Noise

S/N

Signal

• Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator

• Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors

BER=10-3BER=10-6BER


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10-3

10-4

10-5

10-6

10-7

10-8

-75 -72 -69 -66Receiver input level [dBm]

BER change ratio vs. Noise isdependent on Noise Power distribution

and coding

BER Impact on Transmission Quality

BER

43


RSL Vs. Threshold

Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000)

S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)

BER>10-6RSL (dBm)

-20

-30 Nominal Input Level

-99

-96 Receiver amplifies thermal noise

-73 Threshold level BER=10-6

Fading Margin

K – Boltzmann constant

T – Temperature in Kelvin

B – Bandwidth

Time (s)

BER>10-6

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Thank you

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Version 4

IP-20N Overview

November 2014


Agenda

2

• IP-20N Product Highlights

• Network topology wi th IP-20N

• IP-20N Overview

• 1U and 2U chassis

• TCC – Traffic Control Card

• RMC – Radio Modem Card• ELIC – Ethernet Line Interface Card

• TDM Line cards

• IVM – Inventory Module

• PDC – Power Distribution Card

• Fan Module and Air Filter

• RFU – Radio Frequency Unit

• IP-20N Block Diagram

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IP-10CIP-10EIP-10G

Ethernet + Optional TDM

IP-10Q

Ethernet Only

Compact

All-OutdoorTerminal /

Single-Carrier

Nodal

Terminal /

Single-Carrier

NodalAggregation

FibeAir IP-10 Product Line - 2011

Optimized for “Full GE”Multi-Carrier pipesUltra-high density

Optimized Solution for Any Network

3


IP-10CIP-10EIP-10G

Optimized for “Full GE”Multi-Carrier pipesUltra-high density

Ethernet + Optional TDM

IP-10Q

Optimized Solution for Any Network

Ethernet Only

FibeAir IP-X0 Product Line - 2012 (Introducing IP-20N)

Compact

All-OutdoorTerminal /

Single-Carrier

Terminal /

Single-Carrier

Aggregation

Nodal

IP-20N

Ultra-high density/modularity

4

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FibeAir IP-20 Product Family

5

IP‐20Platform

IP-20LH

IP-20A= IP20N + RFU-A

Avail able on ly fo r US & NA mark et

IP-20N 1RU & 2RU

IP-20G

IP-20S

IP-20C

IP-20E


2RU chassis, Up to 10 RFUs

Full redundancy option (No SPoF)

1RU chassis, Up to 5 RFUs

FibeAir IP-20N Product Overview

6

Unified architecture wi th

common cards• Traffic/Control cards (TCC)

• Radio interface cards (RMC)oNon-XPIC

oXPICo 1024 QAM

• Line cards (LIC)oEth – 4 x 1GE

o TDM – 16 x E1/DS1 LIC

– 1 x STM-1/OC3 LIC

- 1 x ch STM-1

o LIC-X-E4-Elec./Opt

Ultra-high flexibility/modularity

Optimized foot-print, density, scalability & availability

Purpose built for Nodal deployments

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FibeAir IP-20N – Product Highlights

7

• Optimized nodal solution

• Multi-Carrier ABC• 1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)• 1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)

•Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)

• Rich packet p rocessing feature-set

• High Availability n ode

• Support for m ulti-operator scenarios

• Highest capacity, scalability and spectral efficiency

• High precision, flexible packet Synchronization solution

• Best-in-class TDM migration soluti on using PWE3 (Circuit Emulation)

• Support Ceragon’ s current and f uture RFUs

• Purpose built for suppor ting resilient and adaptive multi-carrier radio links scaling to GEcapacity

• Future-proof with maximal investment protection


FibeAir IP-20N – Carrier Ethernet TransportMain features

• Flexible transport

• Flexible service classification

• Full E-Line, E-LAN suppor t

• Hierarchical QoS

• Superb (hardware based) service level OAM and SLA assurance mechanisms

• MSTP

• Enhanced


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Network Topology Example (Tree)

9


Network Topology Example (Ring)

10

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IP‐20N

IP‐20N

IP‐20N

IP‐20G

Network Topology Example (Tree)

11

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

1+1

C RFU-C

2+0

1+1

C

IP‐10G

C

C

IP‐20G

C

C

1+0

1+02+0IP‐10G

C

C

1+0

C

2+0

C

C

1+0

IP‐20N

C


IP‐20N

IP‐20N

Edge

Router

Edge

Router

10GE Fiber

Ring

IP‐20N

IP‐20N

IP‐20G IP‐20G IP‐20N

IP‐20N

IP‐10G

IP‐20N

IP‐20N

IP‐20N

IP‐10G

Reference Integrated CET solution

12

IP‐20N

1+0

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

4+0

Microwave Ring

1+0C

E1s

EthE1s

Eth

E1s

Eth

E1s

EthE1s

Eth

C

C

C

E1s

Eth

E1s

Eth

C

C

E1s

Eth

2+2

1+1

2+2

C C

C

C

C

C

C C

1+1

C RFU-C

4+0

4+0

4+0

4+0

4+0

C

1+0Eth

C

IP‐20C

E1s

Eth

E1s

Eth

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IP-20N Overview

13


IP-20N – 2RU Chassis

14

10 x Universal slots for:

- Radio interface cards (RMC)

- Ethernet line cards (4 x GE)

- TDM line cards

Fans trayFilter tray

(optional)

2 x Slots for

power distribution

cards (PDC)

2 x Slots for

Main traffic and

control cards (TCC)

1 2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

11 12

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Slots Numbering

15

2

12

6

10

5

9

4

8

3

7

11

1

Slots Numbering starts from bottom left

2

6543

1

50

51

51


Card types allowed per slot – 1RU

16

Slot

Number

SlotNumber

Allowed Card Type Notes

1 TCC

2 RMC

Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GE)

Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GE)

TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)

3-6 RMC

TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)

TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)

TDM –LIC-STM1/OC3-RST

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Card types per slot – 2RU

17

SlotNumber

Allowed Card Type Notes

1 TCC

2,12 RMC

Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GE)

Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GE)



3 - 10 RMC



TDM –LIC-STM1/OC3-RST

11 TCC


Recommendations

18

It is recommended to place the same type of cards in adjacent pairs, as follows:

• Slots 3 and 4

• Slots 5 and 6

• Slots 7 and 8 (2RU only)

• Slots 9 and 10 (2RU only)

The reason for this is that for certain features, connectivity is supported in the backplane

between these slot pairs

For example 2+2 HSB SD configu ration wit h XPIC:

• 1+1 or 2+2 are supported in release 7.9

• When combining HSB SD and XPIC, the HSB SD protection group and the

XPIC group cannot be identical. A valid combination would be:

XPIC Group #1: Slot 3 and 4

XPIC Group #2: Slot 5 and 6

Radio Protection Group #1: Slot 3 and 5

Radio Protection Group #2: Slot 4 and 6

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Traffic – Ethernet Matrix

19

Slot 7 Slot 8 Slot 9 Slot 10

Slot 3 Slot 4 Slot 5 Slot 6

TCC Slot 1 Slot 2

Slot 12TCC Slot 11

SGMII to TCC primary

SGMII to TCC backu p


Supported Configurations in T7.9

20

Configuration Notes

1+0

1+0 IF Combining Requires RMC‐B and 1500HP

2+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.

2+0 Dual Polarization (XPIC) Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC.

3+0 Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.


4+0 Dual Polarization (XPIC) Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC.

4+0 IF Combining Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and

1500HP.

4+0 IF Combining and XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and

1500HP.

5+0 Single

Polarization Requires

Multi

‐Carrier

ABC

or

LAG.




1+1 HSB Protection

1+1 HSB Protection with BBS Space

Diversity

Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC

2+2 HSB Protection Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC


Diversity


2+2 HSB Protection with XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC


Diversity and XPIC


2+2 HSB Protection with IF

Combining and XPIC

Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and

1500HP

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TCC – Traffic control card

21


Traff ic Control Card (TCC)

22

• Main functions:

• TCC-B – doesn’t support Multi-Carrier ABC, HSB support

• TCC-B-MC – required for Multi-Carrier ABC configurations, HSB BBS SD support• 1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)• 1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)• Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)

• Network processor with 16 ports

• 10 Gbps switching capacity

• 6,25 Mpps (Mega packet per second) switching capacity

• Shelf control and management• Ethernet traffic management and switching

• Clock unit

Industrial SD card 1GB class 6

Ceragon SD cards with Cera OS:

1

11

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Proprietary and Confidential23

Ethernet Switch16 ports – 10Gbps

CPUMNG port 1

MNG port 2

Line Interface 1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)

Line Interface 1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)

1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)

1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)

1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)

1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)

1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)

Radio Card

Ethernet Card

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12


TCC Indicators & Connectors

24

Handle

SYNC

Port

External

Alarms

Port

Serial

Port

Management

Ports

Gigabit

Electrical Ports

Gigabit Optical

Ports

Handle

Activity

LED

1

11

1

40


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TCC card – Interfaces pin out

25

RMC – Radio Modem Card

26

41


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Radio Modem Cards (RMC)

27

• RMC-A

• Based on Ceragon’s well known SoC modem

• Supports up to 256QAM

• FibeAir IP-10 Series support across a link

• RMC-B

• Based on Ceragon’s new SoC modem

• Supports up to 1024QAM

• Supports XPIC and non XPIC (same Hardware)

• Supports Header De-Duplication

RMC A RMC B

XPIC No Yes

Multi‐Carrier ABC No Yes

Modem type PVG modem Mars modem

Modulation 256 QAM + ACM 1024 QAM with Premium

RFU + ACM

FD and SD Yes Yes

IP20 communication with

IP10 across a link Yes No

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12


Radio Modem Cards (RMC) and RFUs combinations

28

Combination Multi – Carrier

ABC

XPIC & Header

De‐ Duplication

Max available

Modulation

IP‐20N

communication

with IP‐10 across a

radio link

IP‐20N

communication

with IP‐20G

RMC‐A & RFU

standard No No 256 QAM Yes No

RMC‐A & RFU

premium No No 256 QAM Yes No

RMC‐B & RFU

standard

Yes Yes 256 QAM No Yes

RMC‐B & RFU‐

premium Yes Yes 1024 QAM No Yes

2

RMC-A RMC-B RFU-C/Ce

42


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Radio Modem Cards (RMC-E)

29

RMC-E is used for IP-20LH wit h Evolution radio .

This c ard has Radio Interface and STM-1 RST Interface

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12


RMC Indicators & Connectors

30

Handle

IF Connector

ACT

LED

RFU

LED

LINK

LED

Handle

Color ACT LINK RFU

off No power No power No power

green OK, active mode Link OK no alarms RFU is OK

yellow OK, standby mode Minor or warning

alarm

Minor or warning

alarm

red failure Critical or major

alarm

Critical or major

alarm

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12

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ELIC – Ethernet Line Interface Cards

31


Ethernet Line Interface Card

Electrical LIC-XE4-Elec

32

• LIC-XE4-Elec

• Supports 4 GBE ports (one combo)

• Works only on slots 2 and 12

• MDI/MDIX support

• Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)

2

12

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LIC-XE4-Elec

Indicators & Connectors

33

Handle Handle

ACT

LED

Gigabit Electrical Ports

Color ACT Left LED for port Right LED for port SFP LED

off No power Interface is disabled

Interface is disabled

or the interface

operates at

100BaseT mode

Cable not connected,

link not ok, interface

is disabled

green OK, no alarms

the interface is

enabled and link is

OK (Blinking = traffic

activity)

Interface operates at

1000BaseT mode,

Blinking means

operates at 10BaseT

mode

Interface is enabled

and link is OK,

blinking means traffic

activity

red Card failure or

hardware failure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

SFP

LEDSFP

Slot

2

12


Ethernet Line Interface Card

Optical L IC-XE4-Opt

34

• LIC-XE4-Opt

• Supports 4 GBE ports (firs port is combo)

• Total 4x SFP

• Works only on slots 2 and 12

• Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)

2

12

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LIC-XE4-Opt


35

Handle Handle

ACT

LED

Gigabit Optical Ports

Color ACT Left LED for port Right LED for port SFP LED

off No power Interface is disabled

Interface is disabled

or the interface

operates at

100BaseT mode

Cable not connected,

link not ok, interface

is disabled

green OK, no alarms

the interface is

enabled and link is

OK (Blinking = traffic

activity)

Interface operates at

1000BaseT mode,

Blinking means

operates at 10BaseT

mode

Interface is enabled

and link is OK,

blinking means traffic

activity

red Card failure or

hardware failure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

SFP

LEDGigabit

Electrical port

2

12

TDM Line cards

36

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LIC-T16 (16xE1/DS1)

Line Interface Card

37

• TDM-LIC

• 16 E1/T1s

• 1588 client clock and boundary clock as a future option

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12


LIC-T16 (16xE1)- Indicators & Connectors

38

Handle Handle

ACT LED

16 x E1/ DS1 Connector

E1/DS1LED

Color ACT Sync Left LED for

port

Sync Right LED for

port

E1/DS1 LED

off No power

The interface is

disabled or no signal is

being received

The interface is

disabled

The interface is

disabled

green OK, no alarmsIndicates whether a valid

signal is being received

when enabled

Indicates whether the

interface is configured to

export a clock

No alarms

red Card failure or

hardware failure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Any alarms

SYNC Connector

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12

47


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LIC-T16 (16xE1)

Connector and Synchronization Interface

39

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12


TDM LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)

40

• TDM-LIC

• 1 STM-1/OC3

• 1588 client clock and boundary clock as a future option

• The 1 x ch-STM-1 interface uses an optical SFP connector.

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12

48


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TDM LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)


41

Handle Handle

ACT

LED

STM-1/OC3 SFP

STM-1/OC3

LEDSYNC

Connector

Color ACT Sync Left LED for

port

Sync Right LED for

port

STM1/OC3

off No

power

The interface is

disabled

or

no

signal

is

being received

The interface is

disabled

The interface is

disabled

green OK, no alarmsIndicates whether a valid

signal is being received

when enabled

Indicates whether the

interface is configured to

export a clock

No alarms

red Card failure or

hardware failure ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Any alarms

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12


TDM LIC-STM-1/OC3-RST

42

2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

12

49


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Inventory Module (IVM)

43


Mandatory Cards - IVM

44

• Single card for 1RU and 2RU chassis.

• 2 x E2PROM on sing le board (function as 2 separated cards).

• Installed at the back of the chassis

• Holds the chassis:

• License.

• Node MAC address (48 MACs per unit).

• Serial number.

50


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IVM – Inventory Module

45

The IVM contains pre-programmed information that defines the chassis and its slots,

including:

• Module types that can be inserted into the chassis, per slot

• Product and card names

• Internal MAC addresses

• Serial number

• Hardware versions

• Licensed features and capacities

The IVM stores information in a 8 KB (64 kb) EEPROM. A 2RU IP-20N IVM contains

two EEPROMs. If a redundant TCC configuration is used, each EEPROM is

dedicated to a specific TCC

IVM

EEPROM

TCC 2

EEPROM

TCC 1

PDC – Power Distribution Card

46

51


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Mandatory Cards – PDC

Power Distr ibution Card

47

• Monitors the inputs signal

• Drives the -48V signal

• Converts the -48V signal to other power levels

• Different card for 1RU chassis and 2RU chassis

• 2U chassis uses two PDC card for redundancy

• 1U chassis uses dual input for redundancy


Power Distribution Card

• A 2RU IP-20N can use two PDC cards for redundancy. Each PDC provides 48Vpower to all modules in the chassis via the backplane, on different lines.

• A diode bridge in the modules prevents power spikes and unstable power from thetwo power sources.

• Voltage range: -40,5 VDC to -60 VDC

• The maximum rating of the overcurrent protection shall be 3 Amp per link, while themaximum current rating is 9A for 1RU and 17Amp for 2RU

• The power source must be grounded

• If the voltage goes below -38V, the LED displays Red. When the voltage returns to -40V or higher, the Red indication goes off and the Green indication reappears.

48

Standard PDC Interface Dual - Input PDC Interfaces

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Power consumption specification

49

Fans Module & Air Filter

50

53


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Mandatory Cards – Fans

51

• Four fans inside the fans module

• Powered up from -48VDC from the backplane

• Different module for 1RU and 2RU chassis


Filter Tray - optional

52

• IP-20N offers a filter as optional

equipment. If a filter tray is not

ordered, the IP-20N chassis is

delivered with a blank filter slot

cover.

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IP-20N Block diagram

53


I P - 2 0 N

– B l o

c k D i a g r a m

54

55


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Traffic Path vs Internal Shelf Management Path

55


Traffic Path vs Internal Shelf Management Path

56

56


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Thank You

57


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Apr il 2014

Radio Frequency Units

V1

1


Agenda

2

• Radio Frequency uni ts for IP-20N

• RFU Selection Guide

• RFU-C

• 1500HP / RFU – HP

• Split Mount Configuration and Branching

• New Outdoor Circulator Block OCB

• Split Mount Configurations

• Green mode

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Radio Frequency units

3

• Standard Power • FibeAir RFU-C

• High Power • FibeAir 1500HP

• FibeAir RFU-HP

• The following RFUs can be installed in a split-mount configuration:• FibeAir RFU-C (6–42 GHz)

• FibeAir 1500HP RFU-HP (6–11 GHz)

• RFU-HP (6–8 GHz)

• The following RFUs can be installed in an all-indoor configuration:• FibeAir 1500HP/RFU-HP (6–11 GHz)

• The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (up to 100 m/300 ft),Belden 9914/RG-8 (up to 300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector(male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the RMC in the IP-20N chassis.


Ultra High Power (Max 33 dbm)

6-8 GHz

3.5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth

Low Loss Chaining

QPSK-1024QAM

Reduced Power Consumption Mode (Green Mode)

Standard Power (Max 24 dbm)

6-38 GHz

3.5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth

QPSK-1024QAM

Very Compact

4

FibeAir ® Radio Frequency Units

FibeAir RFU-C

FibeAir RFU-HP -1RX

High Power (Max 33 dbm)

6-11 GHz

3,5-56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth

QPSK-1024QAM

Low Loss Chaining

Dual RX with IFC (Single Rx available for 11GHz)

FibeAir 1500-HP/SD

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RFU Selection Guide

5

Character 1500HP/RFU‐HP

(6 – 11 GHz)

RFU‐C

(6 – 42 GHz)

RFU‐Ce

(6 – 42 GHz)

Installation Type

Split Mount √ √ √

All‐Indoor √

Configuration

1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √

N+1 √

N+0 ( N>2) √

SD support √ (IFC, BBS) √ (BBS) √ (BBS)

Power Saving Mode Adjustable Power

Consumption √

Modulation QPSK to 256 QAM √ √ √

512 to 1024 QAM √ √

RFU-HP does not support 56 MHz channels.IFC at 40MHz is supported only for the 11GHz frequency band.

RFU – C

6

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RFU – C 6-42GHz

• Standard RFU – C• Support up to 256 QAM modulation

• RMC-A or RMC-B

• Premium RFU-Ce• Support up to 1024 QAM modulation

• RMC-B is required

• Main Features of RFU-C:

• Frequency range – Operates in the frequency range 6 – 42 GHz

• More power in a smaller package - Up to 26 dBm for extended distance, enhancedavailability, use of smaller antennas

• Configurable Modulation – QPSK – 1024 QAM

• Configurable Channel Bandwidth – 3.5 MHz – 56MHz

• Compact, lightweight form factor - Reduces installation and warehousing costs

• Supported configurations:

• 1+0 – direct and remote mount



• 2+2 – remote mount

• 4+0 – remote mount

• Eff icientand easy

7


Example of RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations

1+1 direct

8

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Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation for 2+0

Configuration

9

Switch to the circular adaptor(removing the

existing rectangular transition,

swapping the O-ring, andreplacing on the circular

transition).


OMT Installation Example

10

Note: RFUs are at sub 11GHz band

63


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1500HP / RFU–HP

11


Main Features of 1500HP/RFU-HP

• Frequency range:

• 1500HP 2RX: 6-11GHz

• 1500HP 1RX: 11GHz

• RFU-HP: 6-8GHz

• Frequency source – Synthesizer

• Installation type – Split mount – remote mount, all indoor (No direct mount)

• Diversity – Optional inno vative IF Combining Space Diversity for improved system gain (for 1500HP), aswell as BBS Space Diversity (all models)

• High transmit power – Up to 33dBm in all indoor and split mount in stallations

• Configurable Modulation – QPSK – 1024 QAM

• Configurable Channel Bandwidth –

• 1500HP 2RX (6-11 GHz): 10-30 MHz

• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz): 10-30 MHz

• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz wide): 24-40 MHz

• RFU-HP 1RX (6-8GHz): 3.5-56 MHz

• System Configuration s – Non-Protected (1+0), Protected (1+1), Space Diversity, 2+0/2+2 XPIC, N+0, N+1

• XPIC and CCDP – Built-in XPIC (Cross Polarization Interference Canceller) and Co-Channel Dual Polarization(CCDP) feature for double transmission capacity, and more bandwidth efficiency

• Power Saving Mode option - Enables the microwave system to automatically detect when link conditions allow itto use less power (for RFU-HP)

• Tx Range (Manual/ATPC) – Up to 20 dB dynamic range

• ATPC (Automati c Tx Power Con tro l)

• RF Channel Selection – Via EMS/NMS

• NEBS – Level 3 NEBS compliance

12

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1500 HP 2RX in 1+0 SD Configuration

13


1500 HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration

14

65


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RFU-HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration

15


HP Comparison Table

16

Feature 1500HP 2RX 1500HP 1RX RFU‐HP Notes

Frequency Bands Support 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8GHz

Channel Spacing Support Up to 30 MHzUp to 30 MHz

11 GHz version for 40 MHz

Up to 60 MHz

Split‐Mount √ √ √ All are compatible with OCBs

from both generations

All‐Indoor √ √ √ All are compatible with ICBs

Space Diversity BBS and IFC BBS BBS IFC

‐ IF

CombiningBBS ‐ Base Band Switching

Frequency Diversity √ √ √

1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √

N+1 √ √ √

N+0 ( N>2) √ √ √

High Power √ √ √

Remote Mount Antenna √ √ √

Power Saving Mode ‐‐ ‐‐ √Power consumption changes

with TX power

1500 HP (11 GHz ) 40 MHz bandwidth does not support IF Combining. For this frequency, space diversity is only available via BBS.

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Split Mount Configuration and Branching


Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network

18

• Outdoor Circulator Block OCB – The Tx and the Rx pathcirculate together to the main OCB port. When chaining

multiple OCBs, each Tx signal is chained to the OCB Rx

signal and so on (uses S-bend section). For more details,refer to 1500HP/RFU-HP OCBs

• Indoor Circulator Block ICB – All the Tx signals arechained together to one Tx port (at the ICC) and all the Rx

signals are chained together to one Rx port (at the ICC). TheICC circulates all the Tx and the Rx signals to one antenna

port.

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Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network

All- Indoor Vertical Branching Split-Mount Branching and All Indoor Compact

New OCB

20

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New OCB – Outdoor Circulator Block

The OCB has the follow ing main purposes:

1. Hosts the circulators and the attached filters.

2. Chain and accumulate radio signal ( multiple carriers )

3. Routes the RF through the filters and circulators.4. Allows RFU connection to the Main and Diversity antennas.


New OCB Components

22

• RF Filters - are used for specific frequency channels and Tx/Rx separation. The filters are attached to the OCB,and each RFU contains one Rx and one Tx filter. In a Space Diversity using IF combining configuration, each RFU

contains two Rx filters (which combine the IF signals) and one Tx filter. The filters can be replaced without

removing the OCB. The RF filter is installed with every conf iguration.

• DCB - Diversity Circulator Block An external block which is added in Space Diversity configurations. DCB isconnected to the diversity port and chains two OCBs.

• Coupler Kit is used for 1+1 Hot Standby configurations. (loss 1.6 /6dB)

• Symmetrical Coupler Kit is used for: (loss of 3/3 dB) • W hen chaining adjacent channels (only 28/30 MHz) • 1+1Hot Standby configurations with a symmetrical loss of 3dB in each direction Note: CPLRs loss tolerance is ±0.7

dB

• U Bend The U Bend connects the chained DCB (Diversity Circulato r Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.

• S Bend The S Bend connects the chained OCB (Outdoor Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.

• Pole Mount Kit The Pole Mount Kit is used to fasten up to five OCBs and the RFUs to the pole. The kit enablesfast and easy installation.

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1+1 and 2+2 HSB Configuration

23


N+0/N+1 Configuration

24

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2+0 XPIC

25


Split mount applications

26

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Split mount applications 4+0

S-Bend

27


Split mount applications 4+0 SD

S-Bend

U-Bend

DCB DCB

28

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Green ModeSignificant Power Consumption Reduction

29

• Minimal power consumption required in 99.9% of the time

• Green Mode enables:

• Reduction of consumed power by automatically reducing Tx power

• Quick increase in Tx Power in case of fading.

• No traffic impact

Power Consumption

Level

Max. Tx Power

(@ 128QAM)

Power Consumption

High 31dBm 80W

Mid 27dBm 56W

Low 21dBm 41W

Automatic TX Power control for optimal power

consumption


Green Mode (RFU-HP)Significant Power Consumption Reduction

30

80W

56W

41W

31dBm

27dBm

21dBm

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Power Consumption VS. Monitored TSL

31

Power State Monitored TX

Power

Consumed

power [W]

HIGH 31dBm 80 Watt

MEDIUM 27dBm 56 Watt

LOW 21dBm 41 Watt

* X


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GREEN MODE

33

RX: ‐37dBm

Green level: ‐50dBm

Set “Green

Mode” enable

Set “Green RSL” limit [dBm]

0 dB5 dB15 dB10 dB

RX: ‐42dBm


RX: ‐47dBm


RX: ‐52dBm


When fading occurs, both transmitters

compare the monitored RSL with the Green

Level (Ref.). As long as RSL> Ref. there is no

need to increase the TSL.

setting the Green RSL to

-50dBm doesn’t degrade fademargin, as the mechanism will

increase TX power if

necessary.


GREEN MODE

34

15 dB

RX: ‐52dBm

Green level: -50dBm

RX: ‐50dBm

Green level: -50dBm

When RSL drops below the Green Ref. level,

we must increase the TSL to maintain the

fade margin and avoid low sensitivity

Set “Green Mode” enable

Set “Green RSL” limit [dBm]

setting the Green RSL to

-50dBm doesn’t degrade fade

margin, as the mechanism will

increase TX power if

necessary.

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Thank You

76


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October, 2014 v2

First login

Ceragon Training Services


Agenda

2

• CLI and Web login

• General commands

• Get IP address

• Set IP address

• Set to default

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Connecting to the Unit

3

CLI

Web/Telnet

Default Username/password is admin/admin

Baud rate = 115200

Data bits: 8

Parity: None

Stop bits: 1

Flow Control: None

IP address = 192.168.1.1


General commands

4

Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directoryUse the TAB key to auto-comp lete a syntax

Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands

Question mark to list helpful commands

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Get IP address

5

CLI Command:

“platform management ip show ip-address”


Changing Management IP Address

6

• CLI Command:

“ platform management ip set ipv4-address subnet

gateway ”

• Example

• Webexpand Platform branch, then Management branch and cl ick on IP, setaccordingly and click Apply button

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Set to default

7

• CLI Command:

“ platform management set-to-default”

Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!


Other CLI commands

8

• For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual

• Open Index html fi le

• Find out in Topics submenu required configuration

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Web Management

9


First Web login

10

Default IP address is 192.168.1.1 /24


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Set to factory default

11

1

2

3

Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!


IP address sett ings

12

1

2 – select IPv4 or IPv6

3

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Web configuration manual

13

• For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual

• Open Index html fi le

• Find out in Topics submenu required configuration

Thank You

83


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Version 2

Shelf Management

October 2014


Connecting to the Unit

2

CLI

Web


IP address = 192.168.1.1

Baud rate = 115200

Data bits: 8

Parity: None

Stop bits: 1

Flow

Control:

None

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Chassis Configuration Window

3

Navigation Tree Configuration Area

Selection Area


Configuring the Chassis (1/2)

4

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Configuring the Chassis (2/2)

5


Questions?

6

87


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Thank You

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Version 3

ACM – Adaptive Coding and Modulation

MSE – Mean Square Error

November 2014


Agenda

2

• Adapt ive Coding and Modulation

• Using MSE with ACM

• What is MSE?

• Link Commissioning with MSE

• Triggering ACM with MSE

• ACM Benefits

• ACM and 1+1 HSB

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Adaptive Coding and Modulat ion (ACM)• In ACM mode, the radio will select the highest possible link capacity based on received signal quality.

• When the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or interference, the radio will change to a more robust

modulation and link capacity is consequently reduced.

• When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and link capacity is restored to the original

setting. The capacity changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced).

• During the period of reduced capacity, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS - and TDM priority - settings.

• In case of congestion the Ethernet or TDM traffic with lowest priority is dropped. TDM capacity per modulation

state is configurable as part of the TDM priority setting.

3


Hitless and Errorless switching

4

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Using MSE with ACM


MSE - Definition

6

MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated

(expected) value and the true value of the quantity being

estimated

MSE measures the average of the squared errors:

MSE is an aggregated error by which the expected value differs

from the quantity to be estimated.

The difference occurs because of randomness or because the

receiver does not account for information that could produce a

more accurate estimated RSL

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To simpli fy….

7

Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert

one part into the other

Both devices must perfectly match

Let us assume the width has to be 10mm wide

We took a few of parts and measured them to see how

many can fit in….


The Errors Histogram(Gaussian probability dis tribution functi on)

8

To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many

parts differ from the expected value

9 parts were perfectly OK

10mm 12mm 16mm6mm 7mm

width

Quantity

3

2

3

1

9 Expected value

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The difference from Expected value…

9

To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we

measure how much the errors differ from expected value


width

Quantity

Error = + 6 mm

Error = - 3 mm

Error = + 2 mm

Error = 0 mm

Error = - 4 mm


Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller

differences

10

We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them

The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,

resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:

16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away


width

Quantity

+ 6 mm = 36

-3 mm = 9

+ 2 mm = 4

Error = 0 mm

- 4 mm = 16

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Calculating MSE

11

To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average:

16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13

The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes

width

Quantity

+ 6 mm = 36

-3 mm = 9

+ 2 mm = 4

Error = 0 mm

- 4 mm = 16


Calculating MSE

12

When MSE is very small – the “Bell” shaped histogram is closer to perfect

condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0

10mm

width

Quantity

MSE determines how narrow / wide the “ Bell” is

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MSE in digital modulation (Radios)

13

Let us use QPSK (4QAM)

as an example:

QPSK = 2 bits per symbol

2 possible states for I signal

2 possible states for Q signal

= 4 possible states for the

combined signal

The graph shows the expected

values (constellation) of the

received signal (RSL)

0001

1011

I

Q



14

The black dots represent the

expected values (constellation)

of the received signal (RSL)

The blue dots represent the

actual RSL

As indicated in the previous

example, we can say that the

bigger the errors are – the

harder it becomes for the

receiver to detect & recover the

transmitted signal

0001

1011

I

Q

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15

MSE would be the average

errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4….

When MSE is very small the

actual signal is very close tothe expected signal

0001

1011

I

Q

e1

e2

e3e4



16

When MSE is too big, the

actual signal (amplitude &

phase) is too far from theexpected signal

0001

1011

I

Q

e1

e2

e3e4

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Commissioning with MSE in EMS

17

When you commission your

radio link, make sure your MSE

is small

Actual values may be read

-34dB to -35dB

Bigger values will result in loss

of signal


MSE and ACM

18

When the errors is too big, we need

a stronger error correction

mechanism (FEC)

Therefore, we reduce the number

of bits per symbol allocated for data

and re-assign the extra bits forcorrection instead

For example –

256QAM has great capacity but

poor immune to noise

64QAM has less capacity but much

better immune for noise

ACM – Adaptive Code Modulation

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Triggering ACM with MSE

19

When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link

When MSE degrades or improves, the system applies the required

modulation per radio to maintain service

Profile Mod MSE Down-Threshold MSE Up-Threshold

0 QPSK -18

1 8PSK -16 -19

2 16QAM -17 -23

3 32QAM -21 -26

4 64QAM -24 -29

5 128QAM -27 -32

6 256QAM -30 -34

7 512QAM -32 -37

8 1024 QAM SFEC -35 -38

9 1024 QAM WFEC -36 -41

10 2048QAM -39

Applicable for both 28/56MHz , 2048 QAM will be supported in 7.9

The values are typical and sub ject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU

type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative


ACM & MSE: An example…

20

It is easier to observe the hysteresis of changing the ACM profile with

respect to measured MSE.

As you can see, the radio remains @ profile 8 till MSE improves to -38dB:

MSE-39 -36 -35 -32 -30 -27 -24 -21

Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile 8 Profile 7 Profile 6 Profile 5 Profile 4 Profile 3

-41

-38

ACM

Profile

-37

-34

Downgrade

2048 QAM

Downgrade

1024 QAM 1024 QAM 512 QAM 256 QAM 128 QAM 64 QAM 32 QAM

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ACM & MSE: An Example

21

When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will

switch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.

When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) – ACM

waits till MSE improves to the point of next available upgrade point ( takes longer time to

switch back to the higher profile).

MSE‐39 ‐36 ‐35

Profile 10 Profile 9 Profile 8

‐41 ‐38

ACM

Profile


ACM Benefits

22

• The advantages of IP-20N’s dynamic ACM include:

• Maximized spectrum usage

• Increased capacity over a given bandwidth

• 8 to 10 modulation/coding work points (~3 db system gain for eachpoint change)

• Hitless and errorless modulation/coding changes, based on signalquality

• Adaptive Radio Tx Power per modulation for maximal sys tem gain perworking point

• An in tegrated QoS mechanism that enables intell igent congestionmanagement to ensure that high p riority traffic is not affected during

link fading

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ACM and 1+1HSB

23

• When ACM is activated together with 1+1 HSB protection , it isessential to feed the active RFU via the main channel of the coupler(lossless channel), and to feed the standby RFU via the secondarychannel of the coupler (-6db attenuated channel). This maximizessystem gain and opt imizes ACM behavior for the follow ing reasons:

• In the TX direction, the power will experience minimal attenuation.

• In the RX direction, the received signal will be minimally attenuated.Thus, the receiver will be able to lock on a higher ACM profile(according to what is dictated by the RF channel conditions).

• The follow ing ACM behavior should be expected in a 1+1 or 2+2configuration:

• In the TX direction, the Active TX will follow the remote Active RX ACMrequests (according to the remote Active Rx MSE performance).

• The Standby TX might have the same profile as the Active TX, or mightstay at the lowest profile (profile-0). That depends on whether theStandby TX was able to follow the remote RX Active unit’s ACMrequests (only the active remote RX sends ACM request messages).

• In the RX direction, both the active and the standby carriers follow theremote Active TX profile (which is the only active transmitter).

Thank You

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Version 3

Radio Link Parameters

October 2014


Agenda

2

• MRMC

• TX & RX Frequencies

• Link ID

• RSL

• MSE

• Current ACM Profile

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High and Low frequency station

Local site

High station

Remote site

Low station

High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’)

Tx(f1)=11500 MHz Rx(f1)=11500 MHz

Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz

Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)

Full duplex

3


IDU ODU IDUODU) ))TSL RSL

Radio Link Parameters

4

To Establish a radio link, we need configure fo llowing parameters:

1. MRMC – Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity, channel & modulation)

2. TX / RX frequencies – set on every radio

3. Link ID – must be the same on both ends4. Max. TSL – Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm]5. Unmute Transceiver – Transceiver is by default muted (is not transmitting)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To verify a radio link, we need control following parameters:

1. RSL – Received Signal Level [dBm] – nominal input level is required

2. MSE- Mean Square Error [dB]3. Current ACM profile

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Modulation RFU‐C with RMC‐A RFU‐C Premium with

RMC‐B

QPSK Profile 0 Profile 0

8QAM Profile 1 Profile 1





256QAM (strong FEC) Profile 6 N/A

256QAM (weak FEC) Profile 7 Profile 6

512QAM N/A Profile 7

1024QAM (Strong FEC) N/A Profile 8

1024QAM (Light FEC) N/A Profile9

MRMC – Multi Rate Mult i Coding Prof iles

5


MRMC Scripts – 1st step

6

Changing script automatically resets dedicated RMC card

1

2

3

N – normal script

X – XPIC script

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Radio Parameters settings

7

2nd step

3th step

4th step

5th step


To avoid pointing the antenna to a wrong direction (when both links share the same

frequency), LINK ID can be used to alert when such action is take.

“Link ID Mismatch”

# 101

# 101

# 101

# 102“Link ID

Mismatch”

LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process

8

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Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID

Otherwise, “Link ID Mismatch” alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window

“Link ID Mismatch”

# 101

# 101

# 101

# 102“Link ID

Mismatch”

LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process

9


Questions?

10

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Radio Link Setup Exercise

11

Thank You

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Version 1

Automatic Transmit Power Control - ATPC

October 2014


Agenda

2

• Why ATPC?

• How does ATPC works?

• ATPC Vs. MTPC

• ATPC Configuration

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ATPC – Automat ic Transmit Power Control

3

The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies

significantly with time and environment.

This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power, transmission range,

and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.

• Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter

• Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image)

Main Lobe

Side Lobe


ATPC – Automat ic Transmit Power Control

1. Enable ATPC on both sites

2. Set Input reference level (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)

3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)

4. Transmitters will reduce Output power to the min. possible level

5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. input level

6. ATPC is strongly recommended with XPIC configuration

ATPC

module

Radio

Transceiver

Radio

Receiver

Radio

Receiver

Signal

Quality

Check

‐

Site A Site B

TSL Adjustments

Radio

Feedback

Ref. RSL

Monitored RSL

RSL

required

change

4

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ATPC – Example when ATPC is OFF

MTPC

TSL A = 30dBm

RSL A = ?

MTPC

TSL B = 30dBm

RSL B = ?

RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL) RSL B = -30dBm (TSL A + FSL)

FSL= -60 dBSite A Site B

5


ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (One si te ATPC, second si te MTPC)

ATPC

IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm

TSL A = ?

RSL A = ?

MTPC

TSL B = 30dBm

RSL B =?

RSL A = -30dBm (TSL B + FSL)

RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)

You want -50dBm on Site B, so what is TXA in Site A?


6

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ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites)

ATPC


TSL A = ?

RSL A = ?

RSL A = -50dBm (TSLB + FSL) RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)

TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB - FSL)

ATPC

IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm

TSL B = ?

RSL B = ?

TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA-FSL)


7


ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both si tes), ATPC range


ATPC


TSL A = ?

RSL A = ?

RSL A = -50dBm (TSL B + FSL) RSL B = -50dBm (TSL A + FSL)

TSL A = 10dBm (IRLB-FSL)

ATPC

IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm

TSL B = ?

RSL B = ?

TSL B = 10dBm (IRLA - FSL)

RSL B is -50dBm because typical ATPC range for TX level is 20dB (depend on RFU type)!!!

It means that TSL A can’t be 0dBm because possible min is 10dBm (Max is 30dBm)

8

Max TSL is 30dBm

ATPC range is 20dBMax TSL is 30dBm

ATPC range is 20dB

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ATPC Configuration

9

Thank You

10

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Version 3

IP- 20N XPIC Configuration

November 2014


Agenda

2

• System Spectrum Utilization

• ACAP

• ACCP

• CCDP

• Co-channel System

• IP-20N & XPIC

• XPIC Recovery mechanism

• XPIC Settings

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BW

V

H

System Spectrum Utilization

ACAP (Adjacent Channel Alternating Pol.)

CCDP (Co-Channel Dual Polarisation)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

BW

V

H

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ACCP (Adjacent Channel Common Pol.)

BW

V

H

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

3


CCDP frequency plan

4

Vertical and Horizontal Polarization are using the same frequency

V

H

1

2

V

H

1

2

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Co-channel Systems

• The XPIC improvement factor is typically 26 dB.

• Two channels are using the same frequency but different polarization

• RMC-B and XPIC script is required

• The XPIC mechanism utilizes the received signals from the V and H modems to extract the V and H signals

and cancel the cross polarization interference due to physical signal leakage between V and H polarizations.

• The H+v signal is the combination of the desired signal H (horizontal) and the interfering signal V (in lower

case, to denote that it is the interfering signal). The same happens with the vertical (V) signal reception=

V+h. The XPIC mechanism uses the received signals from both feeds and, manipulates them to produce the

desired data

• IP-20N’s XPIC reaches a BER of 10e-6 at a co-channel sensitivity of 5 dB. The improvement factor in an

XPIC system is defined as the SNR@threshold of 10e-6, with or without the XPIC mechanism.


Conditions for XPIC

6

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