handook teknologi inkjet ink

8/8/2019 Handook Teknologi Inkjet Ink

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)K@K# }bqbw{c kc{rflroodf edngdw =&=

Edngdw 4&= Ndqqcfe {bof`jèc cfolb{

4&7&7 Cfolb{ Kw`q @f Kbndfk[bof`jèc kw`q `f kbndfk ndo}rkfsd dkdjdi }bgrdi kw`q ){b{b}df# dodf kcldjdfodf ob{cod

nbfmb{do cndeb )edngdw#& Rf{ro nbfmcq{dodf kw`q kdf nbf{wd}hbwfsd ob obw{d}& [bwkdqd{ {ced

{bof`jèc sdc{r < Qcb|`.* [ibwndj.* kdf Bjbo{w`}{d{co&

Edngdw 4&; ]c}{bn Cfolb{ Kw`q `f Kbndfk Edngdw 4&2 ]c}{bn Cfolb{ [ibwndj

Cfolb{ {ibwndj kcdfeedq }bgdedc {bofco cfolb{ qdjcfe gdfsdo kcerfdodf kdf nbfk`ncfd}c qd}dw

qbndodc wrndidf )i`nb r}bw#& Cfolb{ {ibwndj )d{dr cfolb{ grggjb lb{ ncjco mdf`f# nbfeerfdodf qdfd}

rf{ro nbfebjrdwodf {b{b}df {cf{d kdwc odfdj {cf{d& [cdq f`||jb kdqd{ kc dkkwb}} nbjdjrc }cefdj bjbo{wco&

Kc kdjdn odfdj {cf{d* bjbnbf qbndfd} kcqcmr `jbi }cefdj kdf }bmdwd mbqd{ nbndfd}odf {cf{d rf{ro

nbferdq& [cf{d sdfe kcrdqodf nbngbf{ro grggjb sdfe nbfbodf {cf{d rf{ro nbngbf{ro kw`q {b{b}df

kc gdecdf jrdw f`||jb& Ob{cod {bnqbwd{rwb {rwrf* grggjb kdjdn odfdj {cf{d icjdfe kdf kw`q kc gdecdf jrdw

f`||jb qbmdi&

4&7&7&7& Cfolb{ Qcb|`

Edngdw 4&8 ]c}{bn Cfolb{ Qcb|`

9


10/46

]c}{bn qcb|` gbwgd}c} qdkd nd{bwcdj oir}r} sdc{r obwdnco qcb|`* sdfe kdqd{ gbwbdo}c {bwidkdq

}cefdj kdf nbfmcq{dodf eb{dwdf nbodfc} kdwc odfdj {cf{d kdf obnrkcdf nbfebjrdwodf kw`q {cf{d ob

}rg}{wd{& ]c}{bn o`nbw}cdj qbw{dnd sdfe gbwgd}c} qdkd {bof`j ec cfc nbfmdqdc qd}dwdf qdkd dudj 4331.

df kdf nbngro{codf rf{ro nbnqrfsdc gbgbwdqd obrf{rfedf sdfe gbwidwed kcgdfkcfe {bofco cfolb{

}bgbjrnfsd& M`f{`ifsd kdqd{ nbfeid}cjodf kw`q qdkd hwborbf}c sdfe jbgci {cfeec kdf xdwcd}c {cf{d

sdfe jbgci jrd}&

4&7&7&=& Cfolb{ Bjbm{w`}{d{cm

Qwcf}cq kd}dw cfolb{ bjbo{w`}{d{co dkdjdi nbngdfeoc{odf nbkdf jc}{wco df{dwd odndw {cf{d kdf

}rg}{wd{& Gbwgbkd kbfedf {bofco {ibwndj kdf qcb|` kcndfd {cf{d nbfb{b} odwbfd kcobjrdwodf `jbi

{bodfdf* kw`q qdkd cfolb{ bjbo{w`}{d{co kc{wdf}hbw nbfeerfdodf nbkdf jc}{wco& Dkd gbgbwdqd nb{`kb

rf{ro nbjdorodf cfc m`f{`ifsd kbfedf bhbo {dejbw d{dr kbfedf nbfeerfdodf bhbo {ibwndj rf{ro

nbwrgdi xc}o`}c{d} }bgdedc nbodfc}nb o`f{w`j& Gbgbwdqd kdwc nb{`kb cfc }dfed{jdi o`nqjbo} kdf

{bwgro{c nbfeid}cjodf kw`q sdfe }dfed{ obmcj&

4&7&= Cfolb{ M`f{cfr`r}Cfolb{ m`f{cfr`r} dkdjdi xdwcdf qw`}b} sdfe }bwcfe kcerfdodf r{ro qwcf{bw }odjd gb}dw sdfe

nbnbwjrodf obmbqd{df {cfeec& Hrfe}c r{dnd }s}{bn cflb{ m`f{cfr`r} dkdjdi {b{b}df kw`q kcqw`kro }bmdwd

{bwr} . nbfbwr} o`f{cfsr& Dkd 7 od{be`wc r{dnd rf{ro {bofco cfc sdc{r < gcfdws kbhjbm{c`f kdf nrj{c

kbhjbm{c`f&

Edngdw 4&5 ]c}{bn Cfolb{ M`f{cfr`r} Edngdw 4&9 ]c}{bn Gcfdws Kbhjbm{c`f

4&7&=&4& [bofco Gcfdws Kbhjbm{c`f

Kw`q . kw`q cfkcxckr kc}midweb }bmdwd bjbo{wco `jbi }bgrdi bjbo{w`kd }b{bjdi nbfcfeedjodf

f`||jb& Bjbo{w`kb cfc dkdjdi qbfed{rw nbodfc}nb qbfmb{dodf& Qdkd nbkdf jc}{wco }bjdflr{fsd* kw`q . kw`q

{bw.midweb kckbhjbo}codf kdf idfsd kw`q . kw`q sdfe {ckdo kc.midweb sdfe nbfmdqdc }rg}{wd{&

Nbfeerfdodf nbodfc}nb gcfbw cfc* dkd krd o`fkc}c midweb* {bwmidweb d{dr {do {bwmidweb& Fdnrf

{bwkdqd{ gbgbwdqd dj{bwfd{cxb jdcf sdfe jbgci wrnc{&

4&7&=&7& [bofco Nrj{c Kbhjbm{c`f

Edngdw 4&3 ]c}{bn Nrj{c Kbhjbm{c`f

3


11/46

Kw`q . kw`q cfolb{ kdqd{ nbngbwcodf midweb sdfe gbwgbkd kdf `jbi odwbfd c{r kcgbj`oodf jbgci

d{dr orwdfe& Djcwdfkw`q kdqd{ kco`f{w`j rf{ro gbobwld qdkd krd kcnbf}c kdf nbfrjc} }rd{r edwc}& Cfc

nbnrfeocfodf rf{ro nbfrjc} }cng`j udjdrqrf }rg}{wd{ kdf ibdk qwcf{bw dkdjdi }{d{c}& [bofco cfc

gbwerfd rf{ro dkkwb}}cfe obmbqd{df {cfeec&

4&= Odwdo{bwc}{co Qwcf{bw Cfo Lb{

Qbwh`wnd kdwc nr{r qwcf{bw cfolb{ kdqd{ kcodwdo{bwc}d}codf nbjdjrc obmbqd{df kdf wb}`jr}c mb{dofsd&

Obmbqd{df {bwedf{rfe qdkd hwborbf}c lb{{cfe d{dr cf{bwxdj udo{r df{dwd krd }bngrwdf lb{ sdfe gbwrwr{df&

]bgrdi cfolb{ gcd}d* ibdkfsd nbnbwjrodf }boc{dw }b{bfedi kb{co rf{ro nbfm{do }bgrdi edwc} qdkd

idjdndf& Lcod obw{d} D; gbwrorwdf jbgdw 74 mn kdf cfolb{ gbw`qbwd}c ncfcrn qdkd =11 kqc cfc dw{cfsd dkd

7;52 {c{co qdkd edwc} kc obw{d} D;& Ibdk qwcf{bw nbnqrfsdc orwdfe jbgci 42111 kb{co rf{ro nbwb}q`f sd

d{dr {ckdofsd {c{co idwr} kcqwcf{& Udjdrqrf kbncocdf* obmbqd{df qwcf{cfe sdfe jbgci {cfeec kdqd{ lred

kcmdqdc kbfedf nbndodc ibdk sdfe jbgci gb}dw sdfe ndnqr nbfeid}cjodf wb}`jr}c kd}dw 4711 kqc kdf

obmbqd{df mb{do nbfkbod{c qwcf{bw jd}bw udwfd* = . ; qqn udwfd kdf 47 . 4; qqn n`f`ow`n&

Lrnjdi f`||jb Wb}`jr}c )kqc# Obmbqd{df )qqn# qwcf{bw [cqb lb{ Kw`q}c|b

)qcm`jc{bw# ic{dn udwfd ic{dn udwfd ic{dn udwfd

Mdf`f

]=11

[ibwndj 2 =71 479y= 811y811 7;11y4711 44 5&2

Bq}`f

M81

Qcb|` ; 4;; ;=y= Kcd{d} 7991y571 47 9

IQ

371M

[ibwndj . . . Kcd{d} 7;11y4711 43 5&2

Jbyndwy

\2=

[ibwndj . . . Kcd{d} 7;11y4711 48 9

[dgbj 4&7& Gbgbwdqd odwdo{bwc}{co qwcf{bw kb}o lb{

Md{d{df {dgbj 4&7& 4 e&mn.4&}.4

Irgrfedf df{dw q`c}b kdf qd}mdj&}bm`fk dkdjdi 4 oe&n.4&}

.4> 4 Qd&}

4 mQ > 1&114 Qd&} > 4 n Qd&}

Xc}o`}c{d} ocfbnd{co d{dr X nbnqrfsdc rfc{ ]C n7&}

.4& Me} rf{ro rfc{ hc}co xc}o`}c{d} ocfbnd{co

4=


15/46

dkdjdi }{òb} )kc}cfeod{ } d{dr }{#* kdwc fdnd cjnrudf Eb`web Edgwcbj ]{òb}& Kcbo}qwb}codf }bgdedc

mbf{c}{òb} )m] d{dr m]{#&

4 }{òb} > 411 mbf{c}{òb} > 4 mn7&}

.4> 1&1114 n

7&}

.44

mbf{c}{òb} > 4 nn7}

O`fxbw}c df{dwd xc}o`}c{d} kcfdnco kdf ocfbnd{co kcgbwcodf `jbi x > & Md{d{df < qdwdnb{bw

idwr} kcgbwcodf kdjdn rfc{ ]C {ckdo Q* mQ d{dr }{&

M`f{ì < lcod x > 4 }{ )>1&1114 n7&}

.4# kdf > 4111 oe&n

.=

ndod > xq > 1&4 oe&n.4&}.4 > 1&4 Qd&}

Obobf{djdf dcw < 9&31 y 41.; qd&} d{dr 9&31 y 41.= ksf&}mn7 qdkd

721M

7&7&= ]rwhdmb {bf}c`f]rwhdmb {bf}c`f ){bedfedf qbwnroddf# gdfsdo kcdjdnc kdjdn obickrqdf }bidwc . idwc {dfqd

gdfsdo sdfe ndfsdkdwcfsd& Kcd nbndcfodf qbwdfdf qbf{cfe kdjdn qw`}bkrw qbfmrmcdf kdf

qbngbw}cidf }bqbw{c jrgwcmdf{ qbjrnd} qdkd {`n`{ch& ]d{r djd}df nbfedqd }bwdfeed ud{bw gbb{jb {ckdo

{bfeebjdn dkdjdi odwbfd kc{didf `jbi }rwhdmb {bf}c`f&

[bedfedf qbwnroddf kcmcq{dodf nbjdjrc {dwco . nbfdwco df{dw n`jborj kdjdn mdcwdf& N`jborj

cf{bwc`w kc{dwco kbfedf n`jborj }b{bjdifsd kbfedf {bedfedf sdfe }dnd* bhbofsd dkdjdi n`jborj n`jborj

{dkc kc{dwco ob }bnrd }c}c kbfedf edsd sdfe }dnd* }bicfeed edsd sdfe kcid}cjodf > 1&

Edngdw 7&= [bedfedf Qbwnroddf

Kc jdcf }c}c* lcod }bgrdi n`jborj gbwdkd kc qbwnroddf }rd{r mdcwdf* edsd {dwco . nbfdwco kdf

cf{bwc`w {bw{rlr qdkd }d{r dwdi* kcndfd }c}c }d{rfsd {ckdo dkd n`jborj& Id}cjfsd edsd {bw{rlr qdkd }d{r dwdiob cf{bwc`w mdcwdf&

]rwhdmb {bf}c`f kckbhcfc}codf }bgdedc bfbwec sdfe kcgr{riodf rf{ro nbfdngdi qbwnroddf

nbjdjrc fcjdc sdfe kc{b{dqodf& @jbi odwbfd c{r* qbwnroddf ncfcnrn }dnd kbfedf bfbwec ncfcnrn&

7&7&=&4 Nbferorw [bedfedf QbwnroddfNbjdjrc edsd {dwco . nbfdwco df{dwd n`jborj . n`jborj kdjdn mdcwdf* ebjbngrfe rkdwd )dcw

grggjb# kdjdn dkdjdi lred `gsbo ob edsd cfc* m`f{ìfsd ebjbngrfe sdfe {bwgbf{ro kdjdn }bgrdi mdcwdf

4;


16/46

kc{bodf `jbi {bedfedf qbwnroddf& [bodfdf sdfe kcid}cjodf fdco gbw}dnd kbfedf {rwrffsd wdkcd}c

ebjbngrfe& [bodfdf sdfe fdco cfc* kdjdn qbwgdfkcfedf kbfedf gdecdf jrdw ebjbngrfe* kcqdodc rf{ro

nbfed{rw {bedfedf qbwnroddf& Rkdwd kcq`nqd nbjdjrc odqcjbw ob kdjdn mdcwdf& Qbwnroddf ebjbngrfe

sdfe {bwmcq{d obnrkcdf nbfrwrfodf wdkcr} ebjbngrfe&

Edngdw 7&; Nbferorw {bedfedf qbwnroddf

]dd{ qw`}b} cfc* {bodfdf fdco ob {bodfdf ndo}cnrn& Kc}cfc ebjbngrfe nbnqrfsdc wdkcr} {bwobmcjfsd&

Wdkcr} cfc }dnd kbfedf wdkcr} odqcjbw kdf nbngbf{ro }bgrdi idjh }qibwb& ]b{bjdi nbjbud{c {c{co cfc*

ebjbngrfe obnrkcdf qbmdi kdwc odqcjbw& ]bodwdfe ebjbngrfe gdwr {bwgbf{ro kc odqcjbw& ]dd{ qw`}b}

{bwldkc odwdo{bwc}{co {bodfdf kdqd{ kcrorw kdjdn ebjbngrfe& Kdwc odwdo{bwc}{co {bodfdf cfc* }rwhdmb {bf}c`f

kdqd{ kcodjorjd}c& Djd{ rorw sdfe nbfeerfdodf nb{`kb cfc kcfdndodf grggjb qwb}}rwb {bf}c`nb{bw

)edngdw 7&2#

Edngdw 7&2 [bf}c`nb{bw

7&7&; O`fkro{cxc{d}O`fkro {cxc{d} sdfe kcndo}rk kdjdn {cf{d dkdjdi o`fkro{ cxc{d} bjbo{wco* sdc{r rorwdf kdwc

obndnqrdf }rd{r nd{bwcdj rf{ro nbfeidf{dwodf dwr} jc}{wco& Ob{cod gbkd q`{bf}cdj jc}{wco kc{bnqd{odf

gbw}cjdfedf kbfedf }bgrdi o`fkro{`w* kcd kdqd{ gbwebwdo nbfec}c dwr}* nbngbwcodf obfdcodf

dwr} jc}{wco&O`fkro{cxc{d} kckbhcfc}codf }bgdedc qbwgdfkcfedf wdqd{ dwr} kbfedf ord{ nbkdf jc}{wco&

O`fkro{cxc{d} dkdjdi obgdjcodf kdwc wb}c}{cxc{d} kdf nbnqrfsdc rfc{ ]C sdc{r }cbnbf} qbw nb{bw

)]&n.4#& Sdc{r lcod o`fkro{df}c df{dwd qbwnroddf gbwjdudfdf kdwc 4 nb{bw orgco nd{bwcdj dkdjdi 4

}cbnbf}* ndod o`fkro{cxc{d}fsd dkdjdi 4 }cbnbf} qbw nb{bw&

Edngdw 7&8 M`fkrm{cxc{s nb{bw

42


17/46

7&7&2 Rorwdf Qdw{cobj

Rorwdf qdw{cobj sdfe {bwjdjr gb}dw dodf nbfsbgdgodf {bw}rngd{fsd f`}bj qdkd ibdk qwcf{bw&

[cdq.{cdq {cf{d nbfedfkrfe }bgdwdf qdw{cobj kbfedf wdfeb rorwdf sdfe gbwedf{rfe kdwc qw`kro kdf qdkd

o`fkc}c qw`}b}& Odwbfd q`jckc}qbw}c{d}fsd gbgbwdqd nb{`kb qbferorwdf rorwdf qdwcobj& Nb{`kb sdfe

}bodwdfe kcerfdodf nc}djfsd < ncow`}o`qc bjbo{w`f* ncow`}o`qc h`{èwdhc}* jd}bw* rj{wd}bf{wchred}c

)}bkcnbf{d}c#* {c{wd}c }dgrf* kdf qbfeidngrwdf mdidsd )jcei{ }md{{bwcfe#& [dgbj 7&; nbfecjr}{wd}codfnb{`kb.nb{`kb qbferorwdf rorwdf qdw{cobj&

Edngdw 7&5 [wc.Jd}bw Qdw{cmjb ]c|b Dfdjs|bw Edngdw 7&9 qI nb{bw kcec{dj

7&7&8 Odkdw Edwdn]bqbw{c {bjdi kc}bgr{odf kc d{d}* {cf{d nbfedfkrfe edwdnedwdndf * ed}.ed} {bwjdwr{* gdidf.

gdidf `wedfco kdf qdw{cobj.qdw{cobj {do {bwjdwr{& Obgbwdkddf edwdn nbnqbfedwric }chd{ hc}c}

{cf{d)kbf}c{d}* o`nqwb}cgcjc{d}* {c{co gbor* {bnqbwd{rw kcndfd kbf}c{d} nbfldkc ndo}cnrn# gbgbwdqd

{cfeod{ {b{dqc {ckdo nbfbf{rodffsd& Gbgbwdqd }chd{ )xc}o`}c{d}* kdsd }bwdq mdidsd# {ckdo {bwqbfedwri

}bmdwd }cefchcodf `jbi odkdw edwdn}djcfc{d}& Krd }chd{ sdfe }dfed{ kc{bf{rodf `jbi lrnjdi edwdn kc jdr{

dkdjdi kdsd idf{dw jc}{wco )o`fkro{cxc{d}# kdf {bodfdf `}n`}c}&

]bmdwd ckbdj* }djcfc{d} nbwrqdodf lrnjdi kdwc }bjrwri edwdn.e dwdndf kdjdn ewdn qdkd

}b{cdq ocjèwdn {cf{d& ]bmdwd qwdo{c}* rf{ro nbferorw }djcfc{d} dkdjdi }r}di* `jbi odwbfd c{r

qbfbf{rdf idwed }djcfc{d} kcjdorodf kbfedf nbfcfldr o`nq`fbf sdfe {bwqbf{cfe }dld sdc{r oj`wckd

)Mj#& Odfkrfedf oj`wckd kc{b{dqodf }bgdedc lrnjdi kdjdn ewdn c`f oj`wckd qdkd }d{r ocjèwdn dcw jdr{ lcod

}bnrd idjèbf kcedf{codf `jbi oj`wckd& Qbfb{dqdf cfc nbfmbwncfodf qw`}b} ocncduc {c{wd}c rf{ro

nbfbf{rodf odfkrfedf oj`wckd&

Kbhcfc}c }djcfc{d} kc{cfldr obngdjc ob{cod {boifco rf{ro nbfbf{r odf }djcfc{d} kdwc qbferorwdf

o`fkro{cxc{d}* {bnqbwd{rw kdf {bodfdf kcobngdfeodf& ]bldo {dirf 4359* kckbhcfc}codf }rd{r }d{rdf gdwr

sdc{r Qwdm{cmdj ]djcfc{s ]mdjb )]odjd ]djcfc{d} Qwdo{c}# kbfedf }cng`j ]* }bgdedc wd}c` kdwc o`fkro{cxc{d}&

]djcfc{d} qwdo{c} kdwc }rd{r }dnqbj dcw kc{b{dqodf }bgdedc wd}c` kdwc o`fkro{cxc{d} jc}{wco )O# }dnqbj dcw jdr{

qdkd {bnqbwd{rw 42`

M kdf {bodfdf }d{r }{dfkdw d{n`}hbw {bwidkdq jdwr{df odjcrn oj`wckd )OMj#& Gbgbwdqdocncdudf nbfeerfdodf }d{rdf 'q}r' kdjdn nbfrjc}odf idwed }djcfc{d}* sdfe nbwrqdodf }cfeod{df kdwc

'qwdm{cmdj }djcfc{s rfc{'& Odwbfd }djcfc{d} qwdo{c} dkdjdi wd}c`* ndod }bgbfdwfsd cd {ckdo nbncjcoc }d{rdf*

ldkc qbfeerfddf }d{rdf 'q}r' }bgbfdwfsd {ckdo nbfedfkrfe ndofd dqdqrf kdf {ckdo kcqbwjrodf& Qdkd

obgdfsdodf qbwdjd{df sdfe dkd }dd{ cfc* qbferorwdf idwed }djcfc{d} kcjdorodf gbwkd}dwodf qdkd id}cj

qbferorwdf o`fkro{cxc{d}&

48


18/46

7&7&5 Kbwdld{ Obd}dnd f )qI# qI dkdjdi j`edwc {nd kdwc wb}cqw`}dj kdwc o`f}bf{wd}c c`f ickw ebf d{dr do{chc{d} c`f ickw`ebf&

Idj cfc gbwjdor idfsd rf{ro }c}{bn mdcwdf kdf nbnqrfsdc }odjd df{dwd 1 )}dfed{ d}dn# }dnqdc 4; )}dfed{

gd}d# kbfedf {c{co fb{wdj 5& qI kdqd{ kcrorw kbfedf obw{d} jdonr} kdf rf{ro id}cj sdfe jbgci dorwd{* kdqd{

kcrorw kbfedf qInb{bw kcec{dj&

45


19/46

GDG CCC GDIDF QBFSR]RF [CF[D CFOLB[

UD[BWGD]BK

=&4 Qbfkdirjrdf

Nd}cfe.nd}cfe qdgwcodf {cf{d nbncjcoc h`wnrjd sdfe gbwgbkd* fdnrf qdkd kd}dwfsd dkdjdi

}dnd& [dgbj =&4 kc gdudi cfc nbflbjd}odf o`nq`fbf.o`nq`fbf {cf{d ud{bwgd}bk kdf kclbjd}odf qrjd

o`nq`}c}cfsd kdjdn qw`}bf&

O`nq`fbf " gbwd{

]`jxbf{ )Dcw# :32"

M`.}`jxbf{ :71"

Irnbm{df{ :71"

Qbudwfd )ksbqcenbf# :41"

Kc}qbw}cfe Debf{ )qcenbf gd}bk# :=1"

]rwhdm{df{ :41"

Grhhbw :41"Dkc{ch jdcffsd :71"

[dgbj =&4 O`nq`fbf Qbfsr}rf [cf{d Cfolb{

=&7 Dcw

]bgrdi {cf{d nbngr{riodf gdecdf mdcw dedw qdw{cobj qcenbf* gcfkbw kdf nd{bwcdj qdkd{ jdcffsd

kdqd{ nbfedjcw& Mdcwdf qdkd }rd{r md{ kc}r}rf `jbi }`jxbf{ kdf d{dr kcjrbf{& ]`jxbf{ gbwd}dj kdwc od{d

kc}}`jxb kdf kcjrbf{ gbwd}dj kdwc od{d kcjr{b& Obkrdfsd dkdjdi }rd{r mdcwdf sdfe nbnqrfsdc obndnqrdf

rf{ro nbjdwr{odf )kc}}`jxb# }rd{r nd{bwcdj& Obkrdfsd lred kcobfdj }bgdedc {icffbw odwbfd obkrdfsd

nbncjcoc obndnqrdf rf{ro nbfebfmbwodf }rd{r nd{bwcdj ob obobf{djdf sdfe kccfecfodf&

=&= M`.]`jxbf{

M`.}`jxbf{ dw{cfsd dkdjdi }`jxbf{ qbfkrorfe* sdfe {bwkcwc kdwc gdidf `wedfco x`jd{cj sdfe jdwr{

dcwX@M& X@M )x`jd{cjb `wedfco m`nq`rfk# dw{cfsd ocncd `wedfco sdfe nbncjcoc {bodfdf rdq sdfe

mrorq qdkd o`fkc}c f`wndj rf{ro nbferdq kdf nbnd}roc d{n`}hbw& Nd{bwcdj gbwgd}c odwg`f }bqbw{c

djkbick* ob{`fb* kdf ickwòdwg`f dkdjdi X@M& M`.}`jxbf{ x`jd{cjb kcqdodc gbw}dnd dcw rf{ro nbngdf{r

{cf{d nbfbngr} qbwnroddf )m`f{ìfsd obw{d}# jbgci mbqd{ kdf nbngbwc udo{r qbfebwcfedf sdfe jbgci

qbfkbo& M`.}`jxbf{ sdfe kcqdodc kc {cf{d cfolb{ ud{bwgd}bk {bwnd}ro ewrq.ewrq djoì`j* ejsm`j* ejsm`j

b{ibw* kdf jdm{dn& Gdidf.gdidf ocncd cfc kdqd{ nbfsbgdgodf cwc{d}c qdkd orjc{ kdf qbwfdhd}df* kdf kdqd{

nbfsbgdgodf djbwec&

49


20/46

Ewrq Lbfc} Nbwo Kdedfe

nb{idf`j *b{idf`j * c}`qw`qdf`j * gr{df`j

*c}`gr{df`j *}bm.gr{df`j *{.gr{df`jqbf{df`j *ibydf`j

Djo`i`j

Q`jsickwcm djm`i`jejsm`jb{isjbfb ejsm`j* kcb{isjbfb ejsm`j*

{wcb{isjbfb ejsm`j *qw`qsjbfb ejsm`j

kcqw`qsjbfb ejsm`j* gr{sjbfb ejsm`j

ibydfbkc`j* qbf{dfbkc`j*ejsmbwcf

Nb{isj mbjj`}`jxb* Mbjj`}`jxbb{isjbfb ejsm`j n`f`nb{isj b{ibwEjsm`j b{ibw Gr{sj mbjj`}`jxb *Nb{isj Mdwgc{`j* Gr{sj

mdwgc{`jb{isjbfb ejsm`j n`f`b{isj b{ibw

kcb{isjbfb ejsm`j n`f`nb{isj b{ibw

qw`qsjbfb ejsm`j n`f`nb{isj b{ibwqw`qsjbfb ejsm`j n`f`gr{sj b{ibw

H`wndnckb* F*F.kcnb{isjh`wndnckb*F*F.kcnb{isjdmb{dnckb*

kcnb{isj}rjh`yckb }rjh`jdfb

]`jxbf{ jdwr{ dcw jdcffsd

7.qsww`jck`fb* F.nb{isj.7.qsww`jck`fb* F.

xcfsj.7.qsww`jck`fb7.`yd|`jck`fb *4*=.kcnb{isj.7.cnckd|`jcfck`fb*dmb{`fc{wcjbdmb{`f

[dgbj =&7 M`.}`jxbf{ rf{ro {cf{d cfolb{

=&; Irnbm{df{

Hrfe}c irnbm{df{ dkdjdi nbflded odfkrfedf dcw kdjdn {cf{d* }bicfeed {ckdo nbfebwcfe kdf

nbfebfkdq }dd{ dqjcod}c kc f`||jb ibdk qwcf{bw& Gbgbwdqd m`.}`jxbf{ sdfe kc}bgr{odf }bgbjrnfsd

nbnbwdfodf 7 qbwdf }bodjcer} }bgdedc m`.}`jxbf{ kdf irnbm{df{& Irnbm{df{ cfc dkdjdi ejsmbwcfb*

b{isjbfb ejsm`j* qw`qsjbfb ejsm`j* d{dr kcb{isjbfb ejsm`j&

Nbwo KdedfeLbfc}

Ejsmbwcf .

Kcb{isjbfb ejsm`j .

B{isjbfb ejsm`j .

Qw`qcjbf ejcm`j .

[dgbj =&= Irnbm{df{ rf{ro {cf{d cfolb{

=&2 Qbudwfd

Qbfsbkcd udwfd qdkd }rd{r {cf{d kdqd{ nbfeerfdodf qcenbf{ kdf kdqd{ qrjd nbfeerfdodf

ksb& Qcenbf{ dkdjdi mdnqrwdf ocncd sdfe nbfsbkcdodf udwfd kdf {ckdo jdwr{ kdjdn dcw& [cf{d qcenbf{

gd}bk dkdjdi }bgrdi kc}qbw}c kdwc qcenbf{ sdfe gbwrorwdf ncow`}o`qc} sdfe {bw{didf kdjdn }rd{r mdwwcbw

nbkcd& Idj cfc kdqd{ kcedngdwodf }bqbw{c }rd{r }rfedc sdfe nbfdidf qd}cw* jrnqrw* kdf nd{bwcdj

jdcffsd& ]bgdjcofsd* ksb jdwr{ }bqbfrifsd kdjdn dcw kdf nbfsd{r jdfe}rfe kbfedf nd{bwcdj sdfe

kc}bf{rifsd&

43


21/46

MsdfGjrb M&4&Dmck Gjrb < 4* 5* 3* 73* 95* 478* 7=;* 7=8* 7;3&

M&C&Wbdm{cxbGjrb < 5* 4;* 42* 49* 74* 72

M&4&Gd}cm Gjrb < =* 3* 7;* 7=

M&C& Kcwbm{ Gjrb < 4* 7* 8* 9* 42* 77* 72* 54* 58* 59*

Ndebf{dWbk M&4& Dmck Wbk < 4* 9* 4;* 49* 78* =7* 91* 95* 442*443* 4=4*4==* 4=;* 72;* 728

M&C& Wbdm{cxb Wbk < 7* 8* 44* 7=* =8

M&C& Gd}cm Wbk < 4* 7* 3* 47* 4=

M&C& Kcwbm{ Wbk < 4* 7* ;* 3* 44* 4=* 45* 71* 7=* 7;*79* =4* ==*=5*=3*;;*;5*;9*24*87*8=*52*53*91*94*9=&93* 31*

3;* 32*33* 771* 77;* 775* 7;=

Sbjjù M&C& Dmck Sbjjù < 7* =* 45* 43* 7=* 72* 84* 57*33

M&C& Wbdm{cxb Sbjj u < 4* 7* =* 4=* 4;* 42* 45

M&C& Gd}cm Sbjjù < 44* 4;* 74* =7

M&C& Kcwbm{ Sbjjù < 4* ;* 9* 44* 47* 7;* 78* 75* 79* ==* =3*;;* 21* 29* 92* =8* 411* 441* 4;7* 4;;

Gjdmo M&C& Dmck Gjdmo < 4* 7* 5* 7;* 78* ;9* 413*441* 443*4=4* 422

M&C& Kcwbm{ Gjdmo < 7* =* 5* 45* 43* 77* =7* =9* 24* 28* 87*54* 5;* 52* 55* 412* 419* 447* 445* 42;

[dgbj =&; Ksb rf{ro {cf{d cfolb{

MsdfGjrb M&C& Qcenbf{ Gjrb 4* 7* 3* 41* 4;* 42


22/46

Dfc`fco . }`kcrn k`kbmsj}rjhd{b. }`kcrn k`kbmsj`ys}rjh`fd{b

Od{c`fco . mb{sjqswckcfcrn mi`wckb. {wcnb{isjmb{sjdnn`fcrn mij`wckb

. {b{wdgr{sjdnn`fcrn mij`wckb F`fc`fco . q`js`ysb{isjbfb f`fsjqibfsj b{ibw

. q`js`ysb{isjbfb fdqi{sj b{ibw

. q`js`ysb{isjbfb m{sjqibfsj b{ibw[dgbj =&8 ]rwhdm{df{ rf{ro {cf{d cfolb{

=&9 Grhhbw

Hrfe}c kdwc grhhbw dkdjdi nbflded qI kdwc {cf{d& Grhhbw gd}d kcerfdodf kdjdn {cf{d cfolb{

{bwnd}ro dn`fcd kdf {wcb{idf`jdncfb& Grhhbw d}dn sdfe kcerfdodf rf{ro cfolb{ {bwnd}ro qi`}q`wcm

dmck* }rjhrwcm kdf dmb{cm dmck& qI kdwc {cf{d gcd}dfsd gbwoc}dw dfd{dwd 5 }dnqdc 41 )fb{wdj ob gd}d jbndi#&

=&3 Dkc{ch.Dkc{ch jdcf

=&3&4Gc`mckb

Odwbfd {cf{d sdfe kcgrd{ gbwgd}c} dcw* ndod ldnrw dodf nrkdi }bodjc {rngri* rf{ro c{r

kcqbwjrodf |d{ sdfe kdqd{ nbfmbedi kdf nbfbodf qbw{rngridf ldnrw kdf gdo{bwc gdco kckdjdn

obnd}dffsd d{dr mdw{wckeb&

Lbfc}

}`kcrn gbf|`d{b

qbf{dmij`w`qibf`j }`kcrn

qswckcfb{ic`j.4.`yckb }`kcrn

}`kcrn }`wgd{b

}`kcrn kbiskw`dmb{d{b

4*7 kcgbf|`{icd|`jcfb.=.`fb&[dgbj =&5 Gc`mckb rf{ro {cf{d cfolb{

=&3&7 Qbfed{rw obobf{djdf

Dkdjdi gdidf {dngdidf sdfe odkdfe kcqbwjrodf rf{ro nbfed{rw obobf{djdf }rd{r {cf{d }bicfeed

qbngbf{rodf grggjb

]`jxbf{ jdwr{ dcw . Kcb{isjbfb ejsm`j. Ejsmbwcfb. Qw`qsjbfb ejsm`j

Mbjjrj`}b . Mdwg`ys nb{isj mbjjrj`}b. Ickw`ysb{isjmbjjrj`}b

Q`jcnbw jdwr{ dcw . Q`jsxcfsj djm`i`j. Q`jsxcfsj qsww`jck`fb

[dgbj =&9 Qbfed{rw obobf{djdf rf{ro {cf{d cfolb{

74


23/46

GDG CX DCW

;&4 Qbfkdirjrdf

[cf{d nbwrqdodf mdnqrwdf kdwc 21.31" dcw kdf 41.21" nd{bwcdj jdcffsd }bqbw{c qdw{cobj qcenbf*

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f`||jb kdf dcw sdfe nbfedfkrfe gdo{bwcldnrw dodf nbngrd{ rnrw qbfscnqdfdf {cf{d jbgci qbfkbo&Ldkc rf{ro nbngdferf }c}{bn sdfe }{dgcj* kcqbwjrodf dcw }bnrwfc nrfeocf&

;&7 Dcw Kb.c`f

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od{c`f kdwc }`kcrn* odj}crn* gb}c* {bngded* kdf dfc`f.dfc`f }bqbw{c oj`wckd kdf gw`nckd& Dw{cfsd dcw

{bjdi kcnrwfcodf kdwc c`f.c`f jdcf obmrdjc I=@. kdf @I. & [cqb dcw cfc kcqw`kro}c kbfedf qw`}b} c`f.

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