Harmonic Motion and Waves Arsenie _____________. _________________is motion that has a _________or _________. This type of motion is called _____________. Things that oscillate have a ________. We measure several things about a cycle. ____________(T) is the time it takes for ___cycle to complete. It is measured in _______. ____________( f ) is the number of _______that occur in one second. It is measured in ______(Hz). 1 cycle per second = 1 Hz. 1 million cycles per second = 1,000,000 Hz = 1MHz. ____________(A) is the ________of the cycle away from its center of equilibrium/rest. Wwe measure the distance in _________or an angle in degrees. Amplitude Amplitude measures the __________ of a wave, or the maximum _________from the __________. Units can be in m or the angle. Example: a pendulum s amplitude of 20 cm, or 30 wave A wave is __________ __________. Waves carry useful information and _______. Waves are all around us: _______from the stoplight ripples in a puddle _________flowing in wires radio and television and cell phone transmissions Anytime you see a __________that ____________... Anything that makes or responds to ___________... Anything that _____________information through the air (or space) without wires... cell phones, radio, television Anything that allows you to __________ objects... ultrasound, CAT scans, MRI scans, and X rays Waves have _________, ___________, and amplitude, because they are ____________. The frequency of a wave tells _________________ _________________ The amplitude of a wave is _________________ _________________ _________________ The wavelength ( ) of a wave is _______________________________________ It is measured in _____________. Crest Trough The speed of a wave equals the _________times the ___________. v = f Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) Speed (m/sec) A very important and confusing note: The speed of a wave will _____change if you ____________the period. The reason is this: if you increase the time, you are actually stretching the wave out. You see time as a larger number, but: This will decrease the frequency proportionally (less of it will happen in 1 second). That also means the wavelength had to increase proportionally (stretch out farther). So if the period is ___________, the frequency is _____________by the same amount, and the wavelength is ________by the same amount, which means that the speed ( f x ) will ______________________ number as it was before. EVERYTHING IS _______________ WAVE SPEED IS ONLY DEPENDENT ON THE _____________IT IS TRAVELING THROUGH. This means that whatever kind of wave it is, it will indefinitely travel at the same speed, no matter the change in frequency, wavelength, period, etc. It will only change speed when it passes through a different medium (water, steam, air, oil, pudding, applesauce, etc). When you tighten a guitar string, you change the tension. This counts as changing the medium. _______________________Waves: these oscillate ___________________to the direction of the wave. The wave moves left to right, but the oscillation is _______ and _________. Water, light, electricity _________________________Waves These oscillate ________________to the wave direction. These oscillate ________________to the wave direction. springs stretching and compressing (slinkies), sound springs stretching and compressing (slinkies), sound The wave moves left to right and oscillates ________ and ________. The wave moves left to right and oscillates ________ and ________. Wave interactions Wave is absorbed by a material and energy is transferred (lose amplitude) The material a wave interacts with is called a __________. The wave approaching a boundary is called the ___________________. The wave sent from a boundary is the ___________________. A wave that is bent passing through a boundary is called a ____________________. This incident plane wave refracts a circular wave after passing through a convex barrier. Waves add up when they cross each other. Two pulses traveling towards each other combine into a _________________pulse. = Waves will pass each other and keep going Waves will pass each other and keep going After they pass