harps-n@tng: the gaps programme · ‘la ricerca dei pianeti extrasolari in italia’ inaf-rome, 5...
TRANSCRIPT
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
HARPS-N@TNG:
The GAPS Programme
A. Sozzetti (INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino)
On behalf of the GAPS Team
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
• GAPS, Global Architecture of Planetary Systems, is a long-term programme for the comprehensive characterization of the architectural properties of planetary systems as a function of the hosts’ characteristics (mass, metallicity, environment).
• GAPS has been approved by Italian TNG TAC: – AOT 26 (Aug 2012-Jan 2013): 36 nights – AOT 27 (Feb 2013-Jul 2013): 40 nights
+ long-term status proposal approved for 2 years. till Feb 2015
The GAPS Project
INAF Guidelines to TAC: to dedicate ~80
nights/year of TNG to a large coordinated
effort of the Italian community willing to study
exoplanets with HARPS-N.
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
~ 61 INAF and associated scientists in Italy;
~16 scientists from foreign institutes.
Wide range of expertise
– High resolution spectroscopy
– Stellar rotation and activity
– Crowded stellar environments
– Formation of planetary systems
– Planetary dynamics
The GAPS Team
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
GAPS Team Organization
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
GAPS Science Themes
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
GAPS in a Nutshell
• Similar completeness levels
• Some 4200 spectra
• 1245 hrs of observing
• 4 papers published
• 2 new planets discovered
• Several interesting candidates
• A handful of papers in prep.
• Over a dozen planned through Summer 2015
HARPS/ESO GTO surveys statistics after two years:
- 100 nights/yr, 800 stars, only discovery mode - 4 papers published - 7 planets discovered, 1 low-mass
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
M-Dwarfs Planet Search
• A HARPS-N search for Neptunes and Super-Earths (M < 20 M⊕) around a sample of M0-M2 stars.
• To derive the frequency of short-period (P < 100 d) low-mass planets in the low stellar mass regime
• To compare it to published results.
• To characterize the architecture of planetary systems as a function of stellar mass for useful comparison with theoretical model predictions.
• To characterize the impact of stellar activity in fully convective stars.
• ~100 stars selected from the INAF-led APACHE transit survey catalog.
• A synergistic effort with an analogous program on Spanish time at TNG (GAPS-EXOTEAM MoU)
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
M Star Sample Statistics
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
‘False’ Detections
But:
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Emerging Strong Candidates
No BIS-RV corr. APACHE: ~8d Ca S-index: 16d
BIS-RV: no corr. A second peak at 30 d likely induced by stellar activity Photometrically ‘quiet’ (Serra La Nave data)
Affer et al. In prep.
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Metalpoor Planet Search
• A HARPS-N search for Neptunes and Super-Earths (M < 20 M⊕) around a sample of moderately (−1.0 < [Fe/H] < −0.5 approximately) metal-poor stars.
• To derive the frequency of Neptunes and Super-Earths (P < 100 d) in the metal-poor regime
• To compare it to published results for solar metallicity stars.
• To characterize the architecture of planetary systems as a function of stellar metallicity for useful comparison with theoretical model predictions.
• 60 stars selected from the Keck/HIRES metal-poor sample.
• Cross-talk with the ESO/HARPS LP
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
RV rms Distribution
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Emerging Results
Sensitivity Limits: very well in line with the goals of the program
Exoplanet detections: several short-period candidates under follow-up
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
OC Planet Search
• Open Clusters (OCs): ages, metallicites and distances, as well as stellar masses and radii more precise than for field stars
• Role of dynamical and chemical environment on planet formation
• Ultimate goal: direct estimate of frequency of close-in planets in OCs
• Chosen M44 (younger) and NGC 752 (older), membership and sample selection of ~120 slowly rotating F-G-K members
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
A Long-Period Companion to OC102
Malavolta et al. In prep.
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Targets for Follow-up
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
• Derive the orbital obliquity for a range of planet and host properties (i.e. Porb, Mp, M*, age)
• Characterize orbits and physical properties of transiting systems containing hot GPs (thanks to synergy with KP program)
• Address planetary orbit evolution issues, and find clues to migration mechanisms and star-planet tidal interactions
Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect Program
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 24-25 October 2013 Transit duration: ~1.62 hours
vsin i=1.7±0.3 km/s = -7 ± 8 deg
2012 Sep 03
Covino et al. (2013) A&A 554, 28
P =1.42002449
±0.0000010 d
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
GAPS III. HAT-P-18b retrograde orbit
HARPS-N RM-effect data
λ = 168 ± 30
Phot. data from
1.5 @ Loiano (LMa)
VsinI =1.4 ±0.5
Phot. from 1.5m@Loiano
Porb ~ 5.5 d
Mp ~ 0.2 MJ Rp~1.0 RJ Host: V~12.8 K7V Teff=4860±70K
logg =4.5±0.1 [Fe/H]= 0.11 ±0.09
Esposito et al. 2014 A&A 564 L13
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
New R-M Effect Results
Retrograde system with a half-
Jupiter mass planet transiting a
solar-mass star on 4.3d orbit
vsinI = 3.3 km/s
λ = -120 ± 15
Aligned system with a Jupiter-
mass planet transiting a low-
mass star on 1.3d orbit
λ = 10 ± 20
VsinI = 2.0 km/s
14 targets successfully observed. See Covino’s talk
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Three components:
•Stars with long period giant planets (search for low mass planets in close orbits, i.e. scaled solar system analogs).
Complementary to the ongoing HARPS/ESO program
•A small sample of stars with known planetary systems for further characterization
•Transiting planets (system characterization, search for additional planets)
Known Planets Program
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
No giant planets around the very metal poor star HIP 11952.
Desidera, Sozzetti et al. 2013, A&A, 554, A29
Killing Planet (KP) program Early results: HIP 11952
4/4/13 GAPS PM2
22
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
A Planetary System For XO-2S
Desidera, Bonomo, Claudi et al. 2014, A&A, 567, L6:
Two giant planets around the southern component!
http://www.media.inaf.it/2014/07/02/gemelli-diversi/
K1=58 m/s
P1=18 d
K2=20 m/s
P2=120 d
rms=3 m/s
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
XO-2 Global System Analysis (Damasso et al., in prep.)
Stellar rotation periods (from APACHE) Long-term trend in the RVs of XO-2N
Differential Abundance Analysis
Determination of activity levels
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
The Curious Case of...
Now the second lowest-density transiting Hot Jupiter known!
Sozzetti, Bonomo, Biazzo et al. In prep.
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
A low-mass planet candidate around a stars hosting a long-period giant planet
A Low-Mass Planet Candidate
K dwarf with low amplitude variations in
residuals (rms 2.37 m/s)
Periodicity at 12.4d. FAP<1/10000
No correlation with activity and line profiles
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
a) The characterization of the tidal interaction between the
planets and their host stars
b) The impact of star-planet interactions on stellar activity
c) The betterment of relevant physical parameters
(masses, radii, rotation periods, differential rotation, ages)
d) Sample selection: a few planet-hosting stars.
SPI-Asteroseismic Program
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Tau Boo - Asteroseismology
HARPS-N + Literature
Asteroseismic approach preserves the
possibility to improve the orbit of the
planet around Tau Boo.
At the same time, high-
quality, fast-cadence 1-min
exposures allowed us to
detect very small fluctuations,
probably due to solar-like
oscillations.
The final goal is to demonstrate
asteroseismological approach
to infer stellar parameters.
Borsa et al. In prep.
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
HD 17156 - SPMI
• Coordinated HARPS-N@TNG (AOT30) and XMM-Newton observations of HD 17156 for testing the onset of SPMI effects at periastron in a system with a massive planet in a very eccentric orbit around a Sun-like star
• Target already part of the KP program
• Two HARPS-N spectra with very high S/N ratio obtained in Sep 2014
• Analysis ongoing
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
Take-Home Message
• HARPS-N@TNG is the state-of-the-art of high-res, high-prec. optical spectroscopy in the Northern hemisphere
• It can reproduce the successes obtained by HARPS-S in exoplanets science (and stellar astrophysics), and it’s easily accessible to the Italian community
• It does require a very large investment in observing time -> strategic thinking and decision-making approach
• It acted as catalyst for GAPS, that is demonstrating it in turn to be a very successful undertaking