Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND2009-2801P

Hawaii Energy Storage Seminar:Other Energy Storage Technologies

Abbas AkhilSandia National Laboratories

Distributed Generation and Energy Storageaaakhil@sandia.gov

(505) 844-7308

June 16, 2010

Candidate Technologies

Commercially available now

Suitable for Hawaii applications

Flywheels

Thermal Energy Storage

Seawater Pumped Hydro

Flywheel Energy Storage

Highly compatible with “power” applications such as frequency regulation

• Short, high power discharges of energy• Frequent cycles: cycle life exceeds 100,000 during operational life

Successful demonstrations in 20 MW sizes in California and New York grids

Beacon Power: Provider of frequency regulation services on a merchant basis

Source: Beacon Power

Source: Beacon Power

20 MW Frequency Regulation

Source: Beacon Power

Evolution of Flywheel Design

Technology has come a long way!!

Sandia Labs Test Flywheel, 1970’s

Beacon Flywheel, Today

Thermal Energy Storage

Ice is made during off-peak hours by existing/new chillers. It is used to cool in the afternoon, on-peak periods

Primary benefits:• Load shifting to off-peak hours• Customer-side demand reduction

Distributed storage• On existing rooftops

Central ice storage in large tanks

Ice Bear System

Source: Ice Energyhttp://www.ice-energy.com/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=K2aEMAPpa4Y%3d&tabid=381&mid=1322

Seawater Pumped Hydro

Limited, but potentially high value applications in Hawaii grids

5 – 30 MW, 4 – 6 hours of storage Needs only 400 – 600 foot head

Advantages:• No impact on fresh water supplies• Sites near coast may need minimal civil work• Spinning reserve and system peak shaving• Complements renewables, especially wind farms• Reasonably commercial technology• Does not have cycle life or depth-of-discharge limitations (of

batteries)

Okinawa Seawater Pumped Storage

Location - Okinawa PrefectureOperation - 1999Output - 30 MW

Effective Head - 136 m (446 feet)Maximum Turbine Discharge - 26 m3/sec.Type - Embankment dam, Rubber sheet liningGross Storage Capacity = 0.59X106 m3 (approx 6 hrs of storage)

Source: International Energy Agencyhttp://www.ieahydro.org/01-Okinawa-Seawater-PSPP-lg.htm

Okinawa Pumped Hydro

Source: International Energy Agency

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asUa1PFix1A

Mahalo!

Questions??