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Hawkeye 2000 Series

General Specification

March 2018

Table of Contents

1 ABOUT ASPL ............................................................................................................................... 1

2 HAWKEYE 2000 SERIES ............................................................................................................. 2

2.1 Hawkeye Network Survey Vehicle ......................................................................................... 2 2.2 Applications ........................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 NSV System Components ..................................................................................................... 3

3 HAWKEYE 2000 SERIES ............................................................................................................. 4

3.1 Digital Laser Profiler .............................................................................................................. 4 3.2 Automatic Crack Detection (ACD) ......................................................................................... 8 3.3 Cracking report formats ......................................................................................................... 9 3.4 Digital Imaging Systems – Asset View ................................................................................ 16 3.5 Digital Imaging System – Pavement View ........................................................................... 20 3.6 Gipsi-Trac 2 ......................................................................................................................... 22 3.7 LiDAR Asset Detection ........................................................................................................ 25

4 MOBILE LINE REFLECTIVITY ................................................................................................... 27 4.2 Low Speed Safety Interlock (LSSI) ...................................................................................... 28 4.3 Integration with Traffic Speed Deflectometer ...................................................................... 32

5 HAWKEYE SOFTWARE PACKAGES ....................................................................................... 33

5.1 Data Acquisition Software - Onlooker Live .......................................................................... 33 5.2 Analysis Software – Processing Toolkit ............................................................................... 34 5.3 Hawkeye Insight .................................................................................................................. 38

6 GENERAL CAPABILITIES AND NOTES................................................................................... 43 6.1 Unified Database ................................................................................................................. 43 6.2 Hardware Upgrades ............................................................................................................. 43 6.3 Vehicle Extras ...................................................................................................................... 43 6.4 Spare Parts Kit ..................................................................................................................... 43 6.5 Training and Commissioning ............................................................................................... 43 6.6 Vehicle Installation ............................................................................................................... 43 6.7 System Validation ................................................................................................................ 44 6.8 Warranty Period ................................................................................................................... 44 6.9 After Sales Service .............................................................................................................. 44

7 ASPL CLIENT LIST .................................................................................................................... 45

PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL This proposal and the methodologies it contains are the intellectual property of ARRB Systems and are intended solely to illustrate our approach to the proposed assignment. They may not be used or reproduced by the client or any other party to undertake the assignment or for any other purpose without the express permission in writing of ARRB Systems.

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1 About ASPL

ARRB Systems Pty Ltd (ASPL) was founded in 2017 after the spin-off of the equipment manufacture and international operations arm of the Australian Road Research Board.

The Australian Road Research Board (ARRB) is a world leading provider of value-added research, consulting and technology addressing transport infrastructure issues. ARRB was formed in 1960 and is owned by the federal and state government road agencies of Australia.

Equipment development begun in the early years at the Australian Road Research Board, as a means of being able to test certain project theories in a practical sense. This led to the commercialisation of the equipment in the early 1990’s, and the first survey systems were sold internationally.

Now operating as a completely separate entity ASPL’s profiling equipment meets all common international standards and has a proven record of performance and longevity under extreme conditions, all across the world. Our range of Hawkeye products includes many features and benefits not available in other systems.

Our ongoing research and product development programs ensure that our customers and partners have access to world leading solutions, incorporating the very latest technologies.

In summary, ASPL:

• 25+ years’ experience manufacturing equipment and in the provision of data collection services

• Extensive experience in supply and support of equipment across all continents

• Specialist provider of Innovative road survey equipment and associated software

• Large network of international partners / agents

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2 Hawkeye 2000 Series

The ASPL Hawkeye 2000 Series is a professional range of survey products designed to meet the most demanding of survey applications. The Hawkeye 2000 can be installed in a wide variety of vehicles, due to its limited requirement for computer hardware.

The modular design enables the Hawkeye 2000 system to be configured to the client’s current requirements and ensures that it is completely flexible and scalable to meet future demands.

Following identification of your specific survey requirements, a Hawkeye 2000 solution can be customised and tailored to suit your needs. As your requirements change, the Hawkeye System can be upgraded, simply by fitting additional modules or upgrading the existing modules.

Features and Benefits

• Modular design allows for product expansion, should your needs change

• Allows for the simple adoption of new technology into the platform

• Fully integrated data collection system with common data and survey control referencing, utilising the unique Heartbeat1 module

• Safe and efficient data collection for both urban and highway surveys

• Survey time is reduced by collecting all condition data and imagery in a single pass

2.1 Hawkeye Network Survey Vehicle

The Hawkeye 2000 Series is commonly installed into a dedicated Network Survey Vehicle (NSV). The type of vehicle used for the NSV is usually dictated by specific requirements of the project, the number of modules to be installed, the location the vehicle will be operated and the end user’s preference. The choice is made in conjunction with the client and ASPL’s customer support team.

1 Heartbeat is ASPL’s proprietary data referencing device. It tags all incoming information with a primary key to ensure complete coordination of all data.

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2.2 Applications

• Network and project level road and asset collection surveys

• Automatic Crack Detection surveys

• Routine pavement monitoring surveys

• Roadside inventory and asset management inspections

• Road geometry and mapping surveys

• Quality acceptance programs

• Contractor quality control purposes

• Airport runway and tarmac inspections

2.3 NSV System Components

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3 Hawkeye 2000 Series

The ASPL Hawkeye 2000 Series incorporates a selection of individual systems that are designed to provide seamless survey options for the client. This enables the client to choose an appropriate mix of equipment to suit their immediate requirements, with the confidence of knowing that the final solution can be upgraded in the future.

3.1 Digital Laser Profiler

The Hawkeye 2000 Digital Laser Profiler can be configured with a variety of sensors to enable the collection of data to meet all common international standards. The available outputs are:

• Longitudinal Road Profile • Road Roughness • Macro-texture (SMTD & MPD) • Pavement Transverse Profile • Rut Depth

The standard system includes a front mounted beam which is used to house the laser and accelerometer measurement sensors. A variety of lasers and laser/accelerometer combinations can be mounted on the beam in positions to meet the client’s requirements. For transverse profile using the traditional point lasers technique, ‘side projection’ lasers are angle mounted on the sides of the beam to collect data in a measurement path up to 3.6m wide whilst ensuring the overall transverse dimensions of the hardware do not exceed the maximum legal vehicle width.

3.1.1 What is measured by Laser Profiling

Laser profiling is widely accepted as the most accurate non-contact method of collecting pavement profile and road condition data. The collected data can subsequently be analysed to generate reports which detail the following:

Longitudinal road profile – the long wavelength rises and falls in a pavement which impact on driver comfort, ride quality and safety

Road roughness – the short wavelength rises and falls in a pavement which impact on driver comfort, ride quality and safety

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Pavement surface texture – the relative smoothness of the pavement surface which influences road-tyre friction levels or skid resistance, noise emission, rolling resistance and tyre wear

Pavement transverse profile – the depth of heavy vehicle wheel rutting which can cause rapid pavement deterioration, road safety hazards and pooling of water

3.1.2 Features and Benefits

• Configurable from a single laser through to a 15+ laser system

• Traffic speed operation

• Results are independent of vehicle type

• Rugged, anodized aluminium beam design

• Processed data available in most common measurement units

• Large data storage capacity, more than 10,000 km

• All data linked to chainage and GPS (optional)

• Measurements possible on all sealed surfaces in all ambient lighting conditions

• On-board real-time data processing confirms data integrity

3.1.3 Applications

• Network or Project Level surveys

• Accurate quality assessments for contractors and contract managers

• Baseline surveys

• Contract validation

3.1.4 Principle of Road Profile Measurement

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3.1.5 Typical Laser Layout

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3.1.6 Specification Summary

Description Specification

Maximum Sensor Capacity 15 lasers

Profile Sampling Interval • Roughness: 25mm • SMTD: 5mm • MPD: 1mm

Survey Speed 1 – 115kph (Note: accuracy of roughness values may be affected at speeds less than 20kph)

Laser Types 2 or 32 kHz

Longitudinal Profile Accuracy ± 0.5 mm

Transverse Profile Accuracy ± 0.5 mm

Longitudinal Profile wavelengths

From 100 mm to 100 m

Measurement Width 3m or 3.6m using side projection lasers

Beam Dimensions 2000Lx500Wx 400H mm

Beam Material Anodized aluminium

Beam Weight Variable depending on laser configuration (between 30 kg – 150kg)

Data Outputs • Roughness(IRI, Ride Number, Bump Integrator, NAASRA, HATI)

• Texture(Mean Profile Depth and Sensor Measured Texture Depth)

• Rut Depth • Longitudinal Profile

Compliance with Standards • ASTM E950 Class 1, requirements for the measurement of Longitudinal Profile

• AASHTO PP37, provisional standard for Quantifying Roughness of Pavements

• World Bank Technical Paper 46, Class 1 • AUSTROADS Guidelines (where applicable) • ASTM E1845, on calculating Pavement Macro-texture

Mean Profile Depth • ISO 13473, Determination of Mean Profile Depth • AASHTO PP38, Determining Maximum Rut Depth in

Asphalt Pavement • TRL Lab Rep. 639 for Sensor Measured Texture Depth

(SMTD)

Mounting Location Front of vehicle

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3.2 Automatic Crack Detection (ACD)

The ACD system comprises two high performance Pavemetrics LCMS 3D laser units that are fitted at the rear of the survey vehicle, vertically above the pavement. Each unit consists of a high power spread line laser and a 3D camera mounted off-axis to the laser light source.

The unit projects a laser line onto the pavement and the image is captured by the camera, allowing it to measure the transverse profile of the pavement to a 0.5 mm height resolution. A picture of the road surface can then be built up by combining sequential transverse profiles.

Used in conjunction with the Hawkeye Processing Toolkit, the system has the ability to produce tables, graphs, reports and exports from the collected data.

Hawkeye Processed output.

Intensity - Is a realistic view of the road surface

without the 3D integration

Range –Displays different shades when the laser detects drops in the profile.

3D – Is similar to Intensity but it has more detail, it incorporates the laser

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• Outputs of cracking, rutting, line marking and pavement defects

• Crack detection to 1mm

• Rut depth measured over 4 m width at 1 mm transverse resolution

• Rutting measured in accordance with methodology found in ASTM E1703

• Ravelling output identified from imagery (stone loss)

• Day and night operation, unaffected by shadows

• Low power consumption

• Data compression algorithms to minimise storage

• Lightweight and waterproof

• Measurements are possible on all sealed surfaces

• Data is linked to chainage and GPS coordinates

• Operational at highway speeds to reduce survey time and costs

3.3 Cracking report formats

3.3.1 Crack percentage

The crack percentage method is the most simplistic and least defined of all the reporting methodologies. It is based on determining whether a pavement is or has been cracked i.e. it measures both visible and repaired cracking (crack sealing). It is a linear-based system that attempts to record the percentage of the length of the surveyed lane that is cracked. It does not record crack type or severity.

The methodology is based on replicating historical windscreen surveys, where a vehicle would drive over the pavement at 20 km/h and a surveyor would visually observe cracks and record them on an analogue system. ASPL also used a manual version of the methodology to process data collected with digital video cameras from 2004 until the move to using ACD in 2012. The use of a 3 mm minimum crack width by the ACD is to mimic the limitations the two aforementioned methods had in identifying fine cracks.

The 5 m long continuously recorded pavement images (or frames) from the ACD are split into 2.5 m long cells covering the full width of the lane. This is shown in Figure 2.1.

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Figure 2.1: Sample ACD image applying the crack percentage methodology

If a frame contains a crack that is at least 200 mm long (no matter what type), the full frame is considered crack affected. For example, both of the cells shown in Figure 2.1 are considered to be crack affected even though the cracking is very minor. Using this method, the software identifies the number of cells that are cracked within each survey. The total number of cracked cells are then aggregated and reported as a percentage of length cracked over sample segments of 100 m in length.

3.3.2 Crack ratio

Crack ratio is calculated by determining the area of the pavement that is affected by crocodile and linear cracking as well as patching, dividing it by the total area of the segment and expressing it as a percentage.

Of the three defects, linear cracking is deemed to affect a smaller portion of the cell it is identified in than both patching and crocodile cracking. As such, any linear cracking present is given a 60% weighting in the final calculation.

Figure 2.2 shows how each of the 4 m wide by 5 m long images is divided into cells that are 0.5 x 0.5 m in size forming 8 zones.

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Figure 2.2: The crack ratio grid overlayed on ACD pavement image

To demonstrate how crack ratio is calculated, consider the example shown in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3: Sample calculation of crack ratio

This section of pavement covers an area of 17.5 m2 and exhibits patching and both alligator and linear cracking. Table 2.1 indicates how each of these defects are combined together to produce the crack ratio, which in this case is 21.7%.

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Table 2.1: Worked example based on Figure 2.2 Defect type Number of cells

affected Area affected (m2)

Weighting Value (m2)

Alligator cracking 7 1.75 1.0 1.75

Line cracking 7 1.75 0.60 1.05

Patching 4 1.00 1.0 1.00

Total 3.8

Total area of image 3.5 m x 5.0 m = 17.5

Crack ratio 3.8/17.5 = 21.7%

3.3.3 Tri-zone

The Tri-zone methodology, which has similarities to AASHTO PP67-14 with its central 1 m zone between the wheel paths (AASHTO 2014), divides the pavement into three longitudinal channels covering the centre of the lane which are designated as the following:

• outer wheel path (zone 1)

• between wheel path (zone 2)

• inner wheel path (zone 3).

Each channel is 1000 mm wide and is further divided into 1000 mm long lengths to create cells that are 1000 mm wide by 1000 mm long. The crack types (transverse, longitudinal, crocodile, straight or none) and crack width in mm are then determined for each frame. The predominant crack type (the type with the most number of cracked frames in a particular channel) is then reported for each channel for each 100 m long road segment.

The extent of cracking is calculated as a percentage of squares that contain cracks for the individual channel or for the whole 100 m segment. A value for the average crack width (averaged over the number of cracked squares) can also be reported for each channel or segment. Crack intensity is calculated by dividing the total crack length within a zone. Two types of intensity are reported: along the entire zone and intensity averaged over the number of cracked squares.

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Figure 2.4: The Tri-zone method grid overlayed on ACD pavement image

The output report is aggregated into 100 m segments for each zone. Given that each zone will have 100 cells per 100 m, the reported area will be the same as the reported number of squares. The outputs for each of the 3 channels for each 100 m segment are summarised as follows:

• longitudinal cracked squares (no. of cells)

• straight features (trenches, patches – longitudinal and transverse) (no. of cells)

• crocodile cracked squares (no. of cells)

• transverse cracked squares (no. of cells)

• total cracked squares (long, crocodile and transverse) (no. of cells)

• total no. of cells (all cells surveyed within segment)

• crack type (type with the most no. of cracked cells in a particular segment)

• crack width (mm) averaged over no. of cracked cells (all three types together)

• crack intensity (m/m2) averaged over segment (all three types together)

• crack intensity (m/m2) averaged over no. of cracked cells (all three types together).

All output values are reported as ‘number of cracked cells’ unless otherwise specified, which provides flexibility in reporting the cracking outputs.

There is a possibility that this methodology will become the basis for a future Australian crack reporting standard.

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3.3.4 Comparison of crack reporting methodologies

Table 2.2 highlights the differences between ASPL’s 4 different crack reporting methodologies.

Table 2.2: Comparison of crack reporting methodologies

Crack Percentage Tri-zone Crack Ratio

Description: Splits the 5m section of road into two 2.5m cells. If one cell is cracked then the overall percentage is 50% cracked, if both cells are cracked then the percentage will be 100%.

Splits the 5m section into 1m x 1m cells. The report then splits the cells longitudinally into 3 different zones.

Splits the 5m section into 0.5m x 0.5m cells. The report then splits the cells longitudinally into 7 different zones, which is then used to generate a crack ratio based on crocodile cracks, Line cracks and patching.

Cell Size (m) 2.5 1 0.5 Number of Zones 1 3 7 Minimum Crack Width (mm)

3 1 0

Minimum Crack Length (mm)

200 200 50

Lane Width: Variable: Line Marking Detection

Fixed 3m Variable: Line Marking Detection

Line Marking Offset (mm)

75 75 75

Crack Report: Transverse

No Yes No

Crack Report: Longitudinal

No Yes No

Crack Report: Crocodile No Yes No Crack Report: Straight-cracks

No Yes No

Crack Percentage Yes Yes No Crack Width over cell No No No Crack Ratio No No Yes Predominant Crack Type No Yes No Crack Intensity No Yes No Wheel Path Cracked No Yes No Total Number of cracked cells

No Yes No

3.3.5 Applications

• Network-level pavement condition assessment • Accurate quality assessments for contractors • Routine pavement monitoring surveys • Contract validation

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Description Specification – LCMS1 Specification – LCMS2

Number of profiles 2 2

Sampling Interval 11,200 profiles per second 28,000 profiles per second

Minimum Process Intervals 1 m 1 m

Profile Spacing 2.5 mm (adjustable) 1 mm

Survey Speed 1 – 100kph 1 – 90km/hr

Transverse Profile Depth Accuracy 0.5 mm 0.1mm

Transverse Profile Resolution 1.0 mm 1.0 mm

Depth range of operation 250 mm (adjustable) 250mm (adjustable)

Operating temperature Capable of operating up to 50 degrees C

Capable of operating up to 50 degrees C

Measurement Width Up to 4m Up to 4m

Beam Material Rugged, anodized aluminium

Rugged, anodized aluminium

Weight 10kg per unit 10kg per unit

Dimensions Laser units: 500L x 200W x 300H mm Mounting frame: 2500L x 2000W x 1000H

Laser units: 500L x 200W x 300H mm Mounting frame: 2500L x 2000W x 1000H

Mounting Location Rear of roof rack Rear of roof rack

3.3.7 Distributed Processing

With data processing being an extremely CPU intensive process, ASPL have developed a distributed processing system. This will allow a 'Hawkeye Data Processor' to be installed on several computers within the network.

These data processors would then be utilised by Hawkeye Toolkit when processing survey data by automatically discovering any Hawkeye Data Processors on the network at the start of our processing and then communicating directly with each of these processors (or 'servers').

Without distributed processing, a typical Intel i7 computer will only process 5km of road data per hour. With distributed processing, approximately 15-35km of data per hour can be processed.

Please note this will be dependent on organisational network quality, speed of data transfer and type of hardware used.

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Figure 2.5: Theoretical distributed processing speed increase

3.4 Digital Imaging Systems – Asset View

The Hawkeye 2000 series Asset View imaging package is an advanced video acquisition system for visually identifying and locating road and roadside features accurately at highway speeds. The system utilises the latest in digital camera technology and produces crisp high-resolution video frames. They are mounted in a waterproof enclosure and attached onto the customised vehicle roof rack.

Used in conjunction with the Hawkeye 2000 Acquisition Package, the Asset View imaging package accurately logs digital images against the other Hawkeye 2000 parameters such as distance (chainage), GPS and profile.

The Hawkeye office-based Processing Toolkit software allow the images to be reviewed, edited and processed efficiently. The data can be directly compared with other Hawkeye 2000 parameters and can be exported to most common asset management systems.

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3.4.1 What is measured by Asset View Imaging

Asset View video imaging captures high resolution digital images at highway speeds of roadside furniture and environmental features of interest to enable accurate inventory recording, condition and measurement of:

• Lane, pavement, shoulder and median widths

• Verge and shoulder conditions

• Signage, pavement markings, street lighting

• Emergency/utility infrastructure

• Guardrail/safety infrastructure

• Drainage locations

• Vegetation/environmental obstructions


• High resolution, full colour digital images referenced against chainage or GPS (optional)

• Operational from low to high speeds

• Digital Camera (progressive scan) with optical zoom capability

• AVI compressed storage files (user adjustable) with the option to export to JPEG images

• Less than 1 m image position error (with DMI distance sensor)

3.4.3 Applications

• Visual identification of roadside features and assets

• Right-of-way roadside condition assessment

• Asset location tools for GIS applications

• Road safety engineering assessment

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3.4.4 Typical asset view camera layout

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Description Standard High-Definition

Image position accuracy Within 1m Typically 10mm

Typical sensor type 1/1.8” IT CCD progressive scan

1/1.3” progressive scan colour CMOS sensor

Camera format Gigabit Ethernet IP box camera (Basler BIP2-1920-30c)

Picture size 1600 x 1200 pixels (2 Megapixel)

1920 x 1080 pixels (Export size is 1920 x 1200) 2.2.3 Megapixel

Colours Full colour Full colour, MJPEG

Survey speed Zero to full highway speeds Zero to full highway speeds

Sampling Interval

User Configurable: • Continuous mode 12.5

frames per second, or • Min Trigger Interval

@100km/h: 5m

User Configurable: Min Trigger Interval @100km/h: 5m

Frame rate configuration Software configurable, based on time, distance or external trigger operation

Software configurable, based on time, distance or external trigger operation

Compression Adjustable (10 - 20x compression)

Adjustable (3 - 30x compression)

Lens type Variable motorised aperture and manual focus. 3x optical zoom, 4mm (wide) – 12mm (telephoto) 82 degrees (adjustable)

A. 6 mm fixed iris, manual focus (no zoom) / 85 Degrees angle B. 3.8-13mm auto iris, manual zoom /7 0 degrees to 46 degrees (horizontal) angle

Storage format MJPEG (compressed) MJPEG (compressed)

Camera housing dimensions 400L x 100W x 300H mm 400L x 100W x 300H mm

Mounting Location Roof rack on vehicle Roof rack on vehicle

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3.5 Digital Imaging System – Pavement View

The system comprises the latest digital camera technology and produces crisp, high-resolution video frames to ensure a continuous digital record of the roadway. The calibrated video cameras accurately log digital images of roadside assets against other parameters such as distance and GPS.

Fully motorised lenses enable the real-time adjustment of the optical zoom control, focus and iris for high-quality images. Up to two cameras can be supported, each in a waterproof enclosure and all controlled through the common Hawkeye interface.

The Hawkeye Processing Toolkit software ensures that the survey database can be reviewed, edited and processed quickly and efficiently. The data from each module can then be compared against other results and exported to pavement and asset management systems.

3.5.1 What is measured by Pavement View Imaging

Pavement View video imaging captures high resolution digital images of the pavement at highway speeds to enable accurate inventory recording, condition and measurement of such features as:

• Cracking

• Delamination

• Pot holing

• General pavement condition


• High resolution linescan B&W digital camera

• Low to high speed vehicle operation

• Continuous high-resolution digital images linked and referenced against chainage or GPS (optional)

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• AVI compressed storage files (user adjustable) with the option to export to JPEG images

3.5.3 Applications

• Pavement condition and deterioration assessment

• Road surface marking identification

• Can be used with pavement deterioration models and management systems

• Crack screening and measurement



Image position accuracy Within 1m

Typical sensor type 1'” CCD line scan

Camera format Gigabit Ethernet

Picture size 4096x1536 pixels (dual camera) 4096x2000 pixels (dual camera)

Colours Mono8

Survey speed Zero to 100km speeds contiguous imaging

Sampling Interval 1mm at 100km/h

Compression Adjustable (0 – 100 compression), LEAD CODECs

Typical Field of View 1.8m (depends on mounting height)

Typical resolution 0.9mm / pixel at lane width of 1.8m per camera

Typical coverage • 100% longitudinal coverage • 3.6 m transverse coverage (adjustable)

Storage format AVI files (compressed)

Camera Dimensions • 400L x 100W x 300H mm (cameras) • 2500L x 2000W x 600H mm (mounting frame)

Mounting Location Roof rack on vehicle

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3.6 Gipsi-Trac 2

The GIPSI-Trac 2 is the next generation GNSS + INS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems + Inertial Navigation System) geometry module. The GIPSI-Trac 2 is a Hawkeye compatible module using dead-reckoning sensors and dual GNSS antennas to collect position and road geometry information with sub-metre accuracy.

This combined system provides a far greater update rate and supports more satellite systems than previous GNSS offerings, including SBAS and Omnistar. It boasts real-time fused GNSS/INS outputs in all survey conditions, including periods of GNSS outage.

The system records and combines inertial data from a 3-axis gyroscope, 3-axis accelerometer and a distance sensor with dual GNSS positional information. The built-in dead-reckoning allows for position data to be recorded when in tunnels, under bridges and locations with little or no GNSS coverage.

The data can be post processed to achieve centimetre level accuracy when installed in a Hawkeye 2000 system. The GIPSI-Trac 2 data can be used in conjunction with the other Hawkeye modules and can be exported from Hawkeye Processing Toolkit to Pavement Management Systems.


• Accurate and cost-effective

• Operates in all locations e.g. tunnels, under bridges, highly vegetated or mountainous regions where GPS may not be reliable

• Enable access to major satellite networks

• Realtime GNSS/INS outputs at 200Hz

• Provides the option to post process data spatial data where accuracy down to 8mm can be available.

• Exports to KML and SHP files

• Readily interfaces with a number of GIS packages

• Outputs of grade, cross slope, horizontal curvature, vertical curvature, WGS84 position and distance

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3.6.2 Applications

• Provides road geometry and position for complex 3D highway mapping

• Estimated speed and travel times

• Advisory signage for road users

• Locate potential sites for rainfall ponding

• Conformance to design specifications

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Output Data Rate H2000 250 Hz (post processing option available) 1000 Hz (post processing option not available) H1000 500 Hz (post processing not available)

Operating speed Zero to highway speeds

Data Outputs • Grade • Vertical and horizontal curvature • Cross slope • Dead reckoning position data

Accuracy Grade: <0.2% (0.1 degrees) Cross slope: <0.2% (0.1 degrees) Horizontal position accuracy: 1.2 m Vertical position accuracy: 2.0 m Horizontal position accuracy with SBAS: 0.5 m Vertical position accuracy with SBAS: 0.8 m Horizontal position accuracy with post processing: 0.008 m Vertical position accuracy with post processing: 0.015 m

Unit Dimensions 225 (L) x 150 (W) x 70 (H) mm

Mounting Location Equipment rack in rear of vehicle

GNSS Specifications – Parameter Value

• Supported Navigation Systems o GPS L1, L2, L5 o GLONASS L1, L2 o GALILEO E1, E5 o BeiDou B1, B2

• Supported SBAS Systems WAAS o EGNOS o MSAS o GAGAN o QZSS o Omnistar HP/XP/G2

• Update Rate 20 Hz • Hot Start First Fix 3 seconds • Cold Start First Fix 30 seconds

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3.7 LiDAR Asset Detection

LiDAR technology has been common in geographical surveying for many years and is applied in similar ways to road surveying. The system uses a rotating laser that records distance to build up a three-dimensional picture of the roadway and surrounds. Digital imaging has limitations in terms of measurement accuracy, due to the resolution of cameras. LiDAR collects extensive point cloud information to build up a very accurate simulation of the road and roadside environment. The device can be mounted at any position on the vehicle, in any direction, to suit the client’s requirements. This flexible positioning allows the unit to collect objects above and to the side of the vehicle or facing the road for line marking detection. The data is then processed instantly within the Hawkeye Processing Toolkit software, allowing for review in conjunction with other collected parameters.


• Up to 270 degree coverage (per unit)

• Variable mounting positions


• Operational at highway speeds to reduce survey time and costs

3.7.2 Applications

• 3D mapping and visualisation of road corridor

• Accurately measure roadside objects

• Bridge height measurement

• Gantry height measurement

• Lane width measurement

• Hazards offsets (safety)

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Typical laser wavelength 905mm

Laser class 1

Scan range 270°

Angular resolution per scan 0.5°

Sampling Interval 50 Hz

Minimum Process Interval 1 m

Operating temperature -30° to 50°

Distance measuring range 0.5m to 20 m

Survey speed Up to 110km/hr

Data Output • Distance to object per 0.5 degree • Aggregate distance to object.

Weight 1.1 kg

Dimensions 500L x 500W x 200H mm Mounting Location Roof rack on vehicle

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4 Mobile Line Reflectivity

An extension of Delta’s well-known handheld range, the LTL-M has been integrated into the Hawkeye platform to allow simultaneous collection of line reflectivity as part of general network surveys. The LTL-M is a robust, reliable and advanced instrument developed specifically for network survey. It uses the latest camera and illumination technology resulting in high accuracy data collection which is independent of road geometry and vehicle tracking. The Hawkeye 2000 Mobile Line Reflectivity system measures night time visibility of both white and yellow road markings under dry and wet road conditions. It simultaneously measures the daylight contrast.


• Continuous measurement at highway speeds

• Measures and reports double lines

• Sunlight compensation for daylight contrast measurement

• User definable reporting interval


4.1.2 Applications

• Line marking reflectivity

• Road-stud reflectivity

• Line marking mapping

• Quality assurance

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4.2 Low Speed Safety Interlock (LSSI)

The Low Speed Safety Interlock (LSSI) has been developed by ASPL to allow vehicles with ACD systems to continue recording ACD data at speeds down to 0.5 km/h in situations where this can be done safely.

The ACD lasers emit infrared radiation from an aperture 2.2 m above the ground. The laser hazard zone is located between the emission window and the pavement directly below the sensors and is approximately four metres wide. The safety scanner is used to detect when pedestrians are near the laser hazard zone. The ACD lasers are then immediately turned off.

For existing Hawkeye 2000 vehicles fitted with ACD, if the vehicle stops or slows below 3 km/h during a survey, the ACD lasers are turned off. They are turned back on when the vehicle starts moving again and exceeds a speed of 5 km/h.

The safety scanner is a LiDAR scanner designed for monitoring hazardous areas. The LiDAR laser beam is pulsed and has a wavelength of 845 nm (i.e. is infrared and therefore not visible). This laser is rated as Class 1M, which means it does not emit sufficient power to cause eye injury, unless viewed through telescopic optics such as binoculars or telescopes. It poses a very low risk to pedestrians.

The safety scanner is mounted at the right rear of the vehicle and is set up to detect objects within the detection zone. Figure 2-6 shows the footprint of the ACD lasers and the safety scanner’s detection zone.

Figure 2-1: Detection zone of safety scanner

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4.2.1 ACD output using previous interlock Vs ACD output with the LSSI

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4.2.2 Specification Summary Safety scanning laser Description Specification

Protective field range 4m

Scan Angle 275°

Configuration method PC configurable (Ships with standard zone to suit ACD laser)

Display elements Graphic colour display & LEDs

Safety Type Type 3 (IEC 61496)

Safety Integrity Level SIL2 (IEC 61508), SILCL2 (EN 62061)

Safety Category Category 3 (EN ISO 13849)

Performance Level PL d (EN ISO 13849)

Dimensions (W x H x D) 110mm x 135mm x 110mm

Weight 1.15kg

Housing material Aluminium

Housing Colour RAL 1021 (yellow), RAL 9005 (black)

Optics cover material Polycarbonate

Optics cover surface finish Outside with scratch-resistant coating. Note: Use lens cloth to clean, being careful not to scratch surface.

Enclosure rating IP 65 (IEC 60529)

Ambient operating temperature -10°C to +50°C

Storage temperature -25°C to +70°C

Type of light Pulsed Laser Diode

Wavelength 845nm

Detectable remission 1.8% to several 1000%

Laser class 1M (21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11, IEC 60825-1)

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Interlock module Description Specification

Sampling Rate Detection Sensor: interrupt driven detection Speed Sensor: 100ms

Speed of Operation 0 to 100 km/h

Operation modes Low Speed Automated Sensor Based: 0-0.5km/h: Laser is OFF 0.5-5km/h: Laser is ON (while no objects detected) >5km/h: Laser is ON Vehicle Speed Based: (“Speed” mode selected) 0-5km/h accelerating: Laser is OFF 3-0km/h decelerating: Laser is OFF Above these limits: Laser is ON Vehicle Speed Based: (system failsafe – “Auto” mode selected but no detector present or detector failed) 0-5km/h: Laser is OFF >5km/h: Laser is ON

Sensors 4 Detector inputs available

Failsafe Has Failsafe installed in interlock. If sensors fail, Lasers are automatically and safely shut down when vehicle speed is below 5km/h

Components Laser Safety Interlock Power Supply Safety Scanning Laser Safety Scanning Laser relay 1U interface panel Wiring Harness Mounting Brackets (optional depending on vehicle and installation specifics) Operator Emergency Stop Button (optional)

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4.3 Integration with Traffic Speed Deflectometer

ASPL has successfully integrated the Hawkeye platform and related survey equipment, onto a Traffic Speed Deflectometer (TSD). Manufactured by Danish company, Greenwood Engineering, the TSD collects continuous pavement deflection profiles, from which bearing capacity indices can be derived and pavement fatigue estimated. The high accuracy and resolution of the TSD enables engineers to pin-point areas where the pavement may be subject to failure. By combining this with the Hawkeye equipment, the integrated TSD is capable of delivering both structural and functional pavement condition data simultaneously, over large scale national road networks. This means the combined system is capable of also measuring roughness, rutting, texture and automated cracking. Several cameras are also installed to collect asset and pavement imagery. The Hawkeye Platform, ASPL’s unique acquisition, processing and viewing software, fully synchronizes all data streams.

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5 Hawkeye Software Packages

5.1 Data Acquisition Software - Onlooker Live

Hawkeye Onlooker Live software is an interactive and real-time acquisition control interface that is capable of controlling and monitoring all of the Hawkeye systems simultaneously. The software runs on a dedicated computer in the vehicle or a laptop-based system.

The easy-to-use interface features a fully flexible layout that can be customised to individual operator and survey requirements. The network control interface enables real-time results reporting and the flexibility to progressively add new Hawkeye systems without the need for additional software.

Additional plug-ins are available to enable advanced operations and can provide advanced mapping systems, real-time IRI calculation and customised QA tools.


• Real-time fully graphical Windows data acquisition software

• Seamless upgrades as systems are added

• Customisable screen layouts to suit operator needs

• Single software interface for management of multiple computer system

• Survey navigational aids eg: compass, location reference points, events etc.

• Camera views: - high resolution views - unlimited number of camera screens. Limited only by screen size and resolution.

• Digital display of: - speed (High resolution DMI and GPS data)

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- distance (High resolution DMI and GPS data) - geometry (X-fall, Slope, grade, and curvature)

• Graphical display of: - GPS maps, compass and satellite locations - inertial geometry map - road profile information

• Tabular display of:

- road location reference points - predefined and real-time event point marking - user defined survey notes tool

5.1.2 Applications

• Controls and monitors the Hawkeye survey systems

• Real-time data acquisition of road survey parameters

• Calibration tool for Hawkeye packages

• Visual confirmation tool for data collection

5.2 Analysis Software – Processing Toolkit

The Hawkeye Processing Toolkit is a professional office-based data processing, analysis and reporting tool that enables accurate processing of all parameters.

The easy-to-use interface features an integrated image viewer and database interface to review survey data. The viewer can be used to review and rate individual video frames against chainage and GPS, save images to file and zoom-in to inspect areas of interest. Multiple images can be reviewed simultaneously, and the road can be ‘driven’ at a rate selected by the operator.

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5.2.1 Applications

• Analysis of survey data collected with Onlooker Live

• Right of way analysis

• Asset surveys

• Pavement condition surveys

• Virtual drive through of roads

• Geographical Information Systems (GIS) applications


• Easy-to-use fully graphical Windows interface allowing synchronised viewing of data, results and video

• Seamless integration with Hawkeye databases

• Extensive analysis and reporting capability for geometry, GPS, profiler and video

• Mouse and/or configurable keyboard operation for efficient data review

• Export capability to popular PMS and HDM-4 programs

5.2.3 Software Features

• Calculation of: - Macrotexture(MPD/ SMTD), Megatexture, IRI, rutting, longitudinal profile, geometry, faulting, linemarking reflectivity via LTL-M, Auto Crack Detection(ACD) and Traffic Speed Deflection

• User configurable ratings forms

• Graphical display of: o survey route with reference points and events o profiling data and geometry o 3D point cloud imagery

• Rubber banding and editable reference points

• Export tools to:

o CSV, PDF, MS Word, MS Excel and RTF

• Synchronised viewing of data, results and video

• Advanced mapping with integrated Google background maps

• Centralised databases to allow multiple users to process the same survey data simultaneously

• Multi-lingual language support: Chinese, Russian, Japanese, Arabic and Spanish

• Survey search filter

• Batch processing

• Windows 10 compatible

• Windows launching

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Video

• Zooming tool to inspect areas of interest

• Distance measurement tool:

o measure lane widths o distance of object from centreline o crack lengths

• Area measurement:

o crack area o pot hole area o assets size measurement

• Save images to file

• Fast navigation and scrubbing features

• Multiple images can be reviewed simultaneously, and the road can be “driven” at real-time speed or at a rate selected by the operator.

Geometry • Grade

• Cross slope

• Horizontal curvature

• Vertical curvature

• Superelevation

Profilometry • Rutting

• Roughness – IRI and HRI calculation

• Texture – SMTD, SPTD and ISO texture (MPD) calculation

• Longitudinal profile export

Data formats • Exports printable reports in Adobe PDF, Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel format

• Exports data in Microsoft Excel-compatible CSV format

• Exports longitudinal profile in ERD format

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5.2.4 Professional image stitching and enhancement

The Hawkeye Processing Toolkit software ensures that pavement and asset view video images can be stitched to allow for measurement across images in a panoramic view. This professional yet user friendly image stitching feature has all the functionality you need to stitch panoramic views, and rotate camera views, scale images up and down, remove fisheye effects due to lens curvature and adjust brightness and contrast.

Features and benefits of this element include:

• Onscreen line and area measurements can be conducted across images

• Dual pavement view image stitching and multiple asset view image stitching capabilities

• Various image enhancement features including scaling of images, and brightness and contrast adjustment can be conducted in the vehicle and/or in the office.

• Measurements can be copied directly to rating forms.

5.2.5 On-screen Asset Location

Road and Asset Management organisations are increasingly required to build an equipment inventory (asset register) of their infrastructure network for a variety of reasons including:

• legislation;

• maintenance requirements;

• procurement;

• valuation;

• safety;

• emergency response issues.

Asset Managers typically select one of two methods for acquiring data to populate their asset register; traditional foot-based surveys or automated data collection surveys.

Traditional foot survey methods are tedious and costly and may translate into difficulties in maintaining up to date network data. There is also an increased risk of personal injury as surveying staff are required to work alongside roads and in highly trafficked areas.

Automated data collection solutions are increasingly used to reduce the time taken to collect data, obtain greater accuracy in data logging, and establish an asset inventory that can be referenced back to digital images of the assets.

The Hawkeye Processing Toolkit’s powerful geo-referencing feature allows asset managers to create an inventory of roadside assets such as signs, guard rails, etc and reference that image against GPS co-ordinates by logging the latitude, longitude and altitude of the object. This coupled with the Hawkeye height and area measurement capabilities ensures Asset Managers can create and maintain extensive inventories of road and roadside assets with ease.

A simple double-click operation on acquired images removes the need for on-site, foot-based surveys by using the existing GPS location of the survey vehicle to calculate the GPS co-ordinates for the object under scrutiny.

Conducted during office-based processing, the Hawkeye asset location system enables raters to automatically update rating forms with the latitude, longitude and altitude and provide the following features and benefits:

• Simple point and click operation

• Identify multiple objects in the same video window

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• Simple calibration technique

• Can be converted to UTM

• Field co-ordinates saved to individual rating forms

5.3 Hawkeye Insight

Hawkeye Insight is a web-based viewing tool that enables the visual assessment of collected data in a simple, user friendly format. Hawkeye Insight intrinsically displays multiple concurrent video channels that allows the user to effectively “drive the road”.

Utilising the familiar mapping functionality of Google Maps, Insight allows the user to navigate through their collected data parameters and assess the condition of their roads.

Figure 4.1: Hawkeye Insight web-based data presentation user interface.

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Features of Hawkeye Insight include:

- Calibrated camera imagery to zoom, measure and inspect asset condition including Automatic Crack Detection data.

Figure 4.2: Zoomed imagery with calibration grid and measurement tool

- Displaying multi lane information so that different lanes data can be separated for clients that has different pavement manage strategies for separate lanes.

Figure 4.3: Hawkeye Insight data presented for multi lane information

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- Enter road number/name, distance information, or simply drag and drop points of interest for navigation.

Figure 4.4: Navigation field to locate road via name or road number

- Year on year comparison of between similar imagery or data.

Figure 4.5: Example image and data between a similar section in 2013 and 2014

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- Filtering of data display to show data of interest.

Figure 4.6: Data filter that has been applied to the image on the right hand side.

- Overlay of ACD cracks on Googlemap Satellite imagery to provide indication of cracks versus traffic flow.

Figure 4.7: Overlay of ACD cracking display on Googlemaps

Data is hosted externally to overcome common IT issues and with no need to install software, your network data is easily accessible from anywhere on many platforms.

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5.3.1 Summary of features

• Up to 9 channels in thumbnail and hi-resolution options, to ‘drive’ your roads

• Data overlayed on Google Maps

• Enter road numbers, distance information, or simply drag and drop to a point of interest

• Each calibrated camera can be used to zoom, measure, and inspect asset condition including Automatic Crack Detection data

• Measurement capability on roads and asset images

• Filtering of datasets to see specific outputs

• Apply additional custom datasets to your map

• Ability to chart ACD outputs as numeric values, of displayed as satellite view with every crack on every road visible from a bird’s eye view

• Displays multiple years’ worth of data, matched spatially so comparisons can be undertaken

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6 General Capabilities and Notes

6.1 Unified Database The Hawkeye 2000 series utilize a unified database structure based on a common database primary key. A dedicated “heartbeat” unit links the systems together and ensures accurate correlation of the measurements against the primary key. The database can then be processed or reported using time, distance, key, profile, roughness etc and therefore provides a fully flexible and powerful survey environment.

6.2 Hardware Upgrades Additional Hawkeye hardware modules are available at any time. We can progressively add sensors such as additional lasers, cameras, gyroscopes or temperature sensors to your system using our unique “plug and play” architecture. Furthermore, other modules such as radar or ultrasonic systems can be purchased at a later stage and added to the Network Survey Vehicle, or the investment can be kept current with the latest available technology.

6.3 Vehicle Extras The Network Survey Vehicle comes fully equipped with many unique features our competitors may not provide. We include safety beacons, a fully managed battery power system, large capacity vehicle alternator, safety barrier, wheel ramps, safety signage, rear seats, stereo system, tinted windows and dual air conditioning.

We also provide at no additional cost a portable IEEE-1394/USB 2.0 500GB hard-drive to enable easy backup and data transfer between the vehicle and the client’s office PC. A high-speed network can also be used for data transfer if available.

6.4 Spare Parts Kit We can provide a spare parts kit consisting of cables, DMI kit and backup software at an additional cost.

6.5 Training and Commissioning ASPL can provide training and commission for these systems by qualified and experienced engineering staff. Such services would cover the following areas:

• equipment operation and maintenance

• routine validation and fault finding

• general survey processes and data acquisition

• data transfer, back-up and storage

Up to 5 (business) days is allowed for commissioning of a system, as well as an additional 5 (business) days for training of staff.

6.6 Vehicle Installation The Hawkeye 2000 solution is suitable for installation and operational use on any vehicle used for normal road use. Although ASPL’s typical installation is using a Mercedes Vito Van, ASPL can install the system on any vehicle of choice to meet specific local or operational requirements.

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6.7 System Validation The installed solution is tested and validated at ASPL’s test laboratories and facilities, then shipped to the country of destination where it is commissioned by ASPL engineers. ASPL also provides a comprehensive training package to train the operators and owners in the areas of calibration, maintenance, operation and data processing.

6.8 Warranty Period The standard warranty period applicable is 12 months from acceptance. An extended warranty period beyond 12 months from date of shipment from Australia can be negotiated if so desired. The standard warranty is return to base although technical support can be provided by our local agent or via the head office.

ASPL generally holds stocks of most common system components and undertakes to ship to the customer’s nominated address (within Australia) via express delivery service or via ASPL’s nominated agent or distributor in overseas locations.

The standard after sales service covers reasonable contact with ASPL Technical Support Staff. An ongoing service and / or maintenance contract can be negotiated if so desired and additional technical support visits or training packages can be provided.

6.9 After Sales Service ASPL offers a seven (7) year support service; whereby equipment and software versions will be supported with replacement parts (or equivalent similar parts) for seven years from point of sale.

Due to hardware components becoming obsolete, some parts cannot always be guaranteed to be replaced and may require an upgrade to parts of the system as a result. Where a software platform is more than seven years old, ASPL will phase out support as development for current platforms continue.

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7 ASPL Client List

ASPL has been providing pavement monitoring equipment worldwide since the mid 1980s. The following table details some of the countries and valued clients who have purchased ASPL network survey vehicles, pavement profiling equipment and video imaging systems.

Country Client Year

Australia ARRB Group 1990 - 2017

Australian Surface Testing 2002,2014

Boral 1997, 2006, 2007, 2011

Department of Defence 1998, 2004

Department of Transport SA 1996, 2011, 2012

Downer EDI, Western Australia 2017

Geospatial Data Services 2008

Main Roads Western Australia 1990

Pavement Management Services 1990, 1995

Queensland Department of Main Roads 2000, 2006, 2009, 2010

Roads & Traffic Authority NSW 2004, 2007, 2009, 2010

Sensis 2009, 2010

State Asphalt Services 2007

Bangladesh FERBA Instrumentation Logistics 2012

Brazil Consulpav 2000

Chile Index S.A. 1997, 1998, 2012

National Highway Administration 1999

APSA 2004, 2010

China SE University, Nanjin, China 2004

Gao Yuan Highway Maintenance Technology 2004

Guiyang-Xinzhai 2003

Guizhou Highway Bureau 2006

Hebei Highways 2008, 2011

Henan Province 2007

Jiangxi Provincial Highway Bureau 1995

Nanjing Province 2004

Ningbo City Traffic 2007

Pudong Highway Bureau 2013

RIOH 2002

Shandong Highway Testing Centre 2003

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Country Client Year

Shanghai Highway Bureau 1996, 2008, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2018

Xiamen Highways Bureau 2006, 2008

Columbia Evaltec S.A 2012

Geotecnica Y Cimentaciones S.A 2013

JVR 2014

Croatia IGH 2015

Rijeka University Croatia 2015

Czech Republic University of Brno 2012

Ecuador Ecuatest 2011

Fiji Worley Consultants 2000

Department of National Roads 2006

France CETE De Nord 2012

Germany BaSt 2017

Greece National Technical University of Athens 2002

Hong Kong Hong Kong Polytechnic 2007

India Central Road Research Institute 2006, 2009, 2012

Indian Road Survey & Management 2009, 2011, 2015

Indonesia DG of Civil Aviation 2008, 2012

DG of Highways 2010, 2012, 2013

DG of Land Transport 2011

IRE Bandung 2008, 2010, 2012,2014

Jasa Marga 2018

Jabodetabek 2018

STTD 2013, 2018

Tegal Polytechnic School of Transportation 2013

Israel Geokom 2006, 2012, 2017

Isotop Ltd 2006

Japan TOA Road Corporation 2013

Jordan ACES 2012

Korea Korea Highway Corporation 2005

Malaysia Double Trans Pte Ltd 2013

Gamlite 2009, 2012,2015, 2017

Kumpulan IKRAM 2000, 2003, 2008, 2015

Selia Selenggara 2001, 2008, 2013, 2015

Belati Wangsa 2015

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Country Client Year

CMS Group 2015

Mexico Institute of Transport 2012

Proyecto Civil Mexico 2014, 2016

New Zealand Info 2000 1996, 1998

Shaw’s Consulting 2008

Terralink International 2007

Downer EDI 2014

Oman BCL 2009, 2012

Portugal Consulpav 1997, 2010

Romania Cestrin 2007, 2018

Saudi Arabia Al-Ayuni 2013

EST 2013

Jubail RCJY 2011

Saudi Road Traffic Authority 2004, 2008

Serbia CPL 2018

Singapore Samwoh 2004, 2010

Hexagroup 2012

South Africa Africon 2009

VNA Consulting 2011, 2012, 2015

Spain Geotecnica Y Cimientos S.A 1997

RACC Foundation 2007, 2012

Taiwan Apex Science 1996

Thailand STS Engineering Consultants 2006, 2007

Thammasat University 2006, 2011

Chulalongkorn University 2008

UAE Dubai Municipality 2006

Ghantoot Transport 2003

Sharjah Municipality 2007

United States City of Los Angeles 1998

Federal Highways Authority 1999

ASPL Group Inc. 2015

Harry Trigg Industries 1996, 1997

Vietnam Research Institute for Science & Technology 1999

Yemen SMEC 1997

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