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Hazardous Material Storage & Use

1. Introduction 2. Hazardous Material Definitions 3. Hazardous Occupancies 4. Electrically Hazardous 5. Conclusions

Outline / Agenda

You probably have hazardous materials if you: Use cleaning and/or sanitizing chemicals Use liquid flavor ingredients Have combustible dust (i.e., sugar, flour) Treat water or wastewater

Introduction

Why do you need to be concerned? Employee Safety Insurance requirements Company policy It is the law!

Introduction

Why now? Increased focus on food safety = more aggressive chemicals Drive toward ESL = changes in chemicals used New products = more liquid flavorings Increased regulatory scrutiny High profile incidents Increased insurance underwriter scrutiny

Introduction

Areas of Focus: 1. Corrosive Liquids 2. Flammable / Combustible Materials Liquids Combustible Powders

3. Liquid Oxidizers

Introduction

A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by chemical action at the point of contact

Corrosive Liquids

OSHA US DOT

Examples: Cleaning Chemicals Water Treatment Chemicals Sanitizer Chemicals Hazard: Personal Injury due to chemical exposure

Corrosive Liquids

Flammable Liquids have a flash point below 1000F and Combustible Liquids have a flash point at or above 1000F.

Flammable / Combustible Liquids

OSHA US DOT US DOT

Flammable / Combustible Liquids Flammables / Combustibles Classes

Classes Flash Point Boiling Point Code Impact IA <73oF <100oF Severe IB <73oF >100oF IC 77oF – 99oF N/A II 100oF - 139oF N/A

IIIA 140oF – 199oF N/A IIIC < 200oF N/A Moderate

Examples: Liquid Flavorings Juice Concentrates Hand Sanitizer

Hazard: Property damage / loss due to fire risk

Flammable / Combustible Liquids

A material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing gases, or readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of combustible materials

Liquid Oxidizers

OSHA US DOT US DOT

Class 1 –Slightly increases burning rate of combustible materials but does not cause spontaneous ignition. Class 2 –Moderately increases burning rate of combustible materials or causes spontaneous ignition of combustible materials. Class 3 –Severely increases burning rate of combustible materials or undergoes vigorous self-sustained decomposition caused by contamination or exposure to heat. Class 4 – Can undergo an explosive reaction due to contamination or exposure to thermal or physical shock.

Liquid Oxidizers

Examples: Hydrogen Peroxide – Packaging Sanitizer Nitrous Oxide – Packaging Aerosol Sanitizing chemicals

Hazard: Property damage / loss and personal injury due to fire

risk, personal injury due to exposure.

Liquid Oxidizers

Applicable Codes, Standards & Authorities: Local Building Codes Local Fire Code National Electric Code NFPA Insurance Underwriter’s Standards (FM Global) Company Standards / Policy Local Authority Having Jurisdiction OSHA

Hazardous Materials

Hazardous Occupancy vs. Electrically Hazardous

Hazardous Occupancy Electrically Hazardous Quantity driven Operations driven Fire rated walls Explosion proof Equipment Spill containment Static Grounding Fire protection Only addresses electrical

equipment

Hazardous Materials

Corrosives Dust

Flammable/ Combustible

Liquids

Oxidizers

Electrical Code Fire/Building Codes

NFPA, Insurance Underwriters, OSHA

Applicable Codes and Authorities

Allowable quantities exceeded = Hazardous Use group.

Hazardous Occupancy Material Classes Use Open

System Use Closed

System Storage “S”

Occupancy Corrosive Liquids 200 Gallons 1,000 Gallons 1,000 Gallons 1,950 Gallons

Flammable Liquid

IA 20 Gallons 60 Gallons 60 Gallons

IB 60 Gallons 240 Gallons 240 Gallons

IC 60 Gallons 240 Gallons 240 Gallons

Combustible Liquid

II 60 Gallons 240 Gallons 240 Gallons

III A 160 Gallons 660 Gallons 660 Gallons

III B Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited

Combination Flammable Liquids

240 Gallons 240 Gallons 240 Gallons

Oxidizer 4 .025 Gallons .025 Gallons .1 Gallons

3 .4 Gallons .4 Gallons 2 Gallons

2 50 Gallons 50 Gallons 50 Gallons

1 Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited

Hazardous Occupancy Building and Fires codes regulate quantities of Hazardous Materials in facilities by control area Control area: Room or Area Bound by exterior walls or 1 hour fire barrier

Hazardous Occupancy

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Oxidizer Flammables Corrosives

Typical Allowable Quantities Per Control Area

When the maximum allowable quantities per control area are exceeded, the area must be classified as Hazardous. H-2: Dispensing flammable liquids H-3: Storage of flammable liquids Use and storage of oxidizers H-4: Use and storage of corrosive liquids

Hazardous Occupancy

Hazardous Use Group Requirements Fire Separation from other Occupancies: Example: 1 hour fire separation required between H3 and F

use occupancies. Requirements vary depending on classification of adjacent

use groups

Hazardous Occupancy

Hazardous Use Group Requirements H2 and H3 occupancy location requirements: minimum of 25% of the perimeter wall must be an exterior

wall cannot exceed 10% of the overall building area when part of

an unlimited area building Outdoor bulk storage requires 5’ separation from “important”

buildings

Hazardous Occupancy

Hazardous Use Group Requirements Spill Control: A spill from the largest container / vessel must be contained Spill may be contained within the room

Hazardous Occupancy

Hazardous Use Group Requirements Secondary Containment: A spill from the largest container / vessel and 20 minutes of

fire water flow must be contained

Hazardous Occupancy

Hazardous Use Group Requirements Egress: Maximum exit access travel distance of 100’ for H2. Maximum exit access travel distance of 150’ for H3. Maximum common path of travel distance of 25’.

Hazardous Occupancy

Hazardous Use Group Requirements Explosion Control or Prevention: Only required where IA’s are dispensed or stored and IB’s are

dispensed Continuous ventilation or gas detection initiated ventilation

can be used for explosion prevention

Hazardous Occupancy

Hazardous Use Group Requirements Continuous Ventilation: 1 cfm/sf with emergency stop button (IFC) Maintain vapor concentration <25% of lower flammable

limit (NFPA) Standby backup power required

Hazardous Occupancy

Hazardous Use Group Requirements Sprinklers: Required in H-use occupancies. Governed by NFPA, influenced by insurance underwriters. Specific requirements vary significantly.

Hazardous Occupancy

Requirements depend on: Water miscible? Viscosity? Flammable class? Flammable concentration?

Fire Protection

Requirements depend on: Container size? Container type? Rack or pile storage? Storage height?

Fire Protection

NFPA 30 Sprinkler Requirements

Fire Protection

NFPA 30 Figure 16.6.1.1(a)

Rack Storage

Hazardous Occupancy

Material Class Type Rack Maximum Storage Height

Corrosive Liquids N/A Single, double, or multi row No Limit

Flammable Liquid

IA Single or double row 25 FT

IB Single or double row 25 FT

IC Single or double row 25 FT

Combustible Liquid

II Single or double row 25 FT

III A Multi row 40 FT

III B Multi row 40 FT

Pile Storage

Hazardous Occupancy

Material Class Max Length

Max Width

Max Height

Minimum Distance to

next pile Corrosive Liquids N/A No Limit No Limit No Limit No Limit

Flammable Liquid

IA * * 5 FT *

IB * * 6.5 FT *

IC * * 6.5 FT *

Combustible Liquid

II * * 10 FT *

III A * * 20 FT *

III B * * 20 FT *

Oxidizer 4 10 FT 4 FT 8 FT 8

3 No Limit 10 FT 10 FT 10 FT



*Pile dimensions are limited by quantity of liquid not overall length and width

Corrosives Dust


Liquids

Oxidizers




Hazardous Use Group: Volume Based Electrically Hazardous: Operations based

Electrically Hazardous

Electrically Hazardous Locations: Where flammable gases/vapors or dust may be present in explosive or ignitable concentrations.


Hazardous Classification

Flammable / Combustible Material

Presence of Flammable / Combustible

Class I Division 1 Gas or liquid vapor Normally present

Class I Division 2 Gas or liquid vapor Not normally present

Class II Division 1 Dust Normally present

Class II Division 2 Dust Not normally present

NFPA 70 – National Electrical Code NFPA 30 – Flammable and Combustible Liquids NFPA 497 - …Classification of … Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations… And many more….


How do we define Electrically Hazardous Locations? The National Electrical Code doesn’t define IF it’s

hazardous, only what to do once we’ve determined that it is hazardous.

NFPA 30 and NFPA 497 are useful for determining IF it’s hazardous.


NFPA 30 – Table 7.3.3 lists classification for specific applications. Example:


Location Classification Extent of Area Indoor equipment where vapors are normally present

Class I Division 1 Area within 5’ of equipment Class I Division 2 Between 5’ and 8’ from equipment

3’ above floor within 25’

NFPA 497


NFPA 497 Figure 5.9.6

NFPA 497


Adequate Ventilation Inadequate Ventilation

NFPA 497 Figure 5.9.1(i)

NFPA 497 Figure 5.9.1(j)

NFPA 497


NFPA 497 Figure 5.9.4(a)

When is it not hazardous? NFPA 30: Incidental use: lubricating oil, cleaning solvents, etc. Indoor warehousing where there is no liquid transfer. Combustible liquids stored or handled at temperatures below

their flash point. Factory Mutual: Areas with less than 5 gallons in a single container or piece

of equipment.


Hazardous Location Equipment


Hazardous Location Equipment


Class I Division 1 Class I Division 2

Corrosives Dust


Liquids

Oxidizers




Combustible Dust Finely divided solid material which is 420 microns or less in diameter and which, when dispersed in air in proper proportions, could be ignited by a flame, spark or other source of ignition.

Combustible Dust Examples: Sugar Flour Dry ingredients

Hazard: Property damage / loss due to fire or explosion risk

Applicable Codes & Standards: NFPA 61 – Fire and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Processing Facilities NFPA 70 – National Electrical Code NFPA 499 – Classification of Combustible Dusts and of Hazardous (Classified) Locations… OSHA – Combustible Dust in Industry: Preventing and Mitigating the Effects of Fire and Explosions

Combustible Dust

When is it hazardous? Depends on equipment design, operational procedures,

housekeeping. If there’s dust present, it’s hazardous.

Combustible Dust

Implications Electrical: Class II Division 1: Explosionproof Class II Division 2: Dustproof Building: Explosion venting may be required

Combustible Dust

Conclusion

Corrosives Dust


Liquids

Oxidizers



Conclusion

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Oxidizer Flammables Corrosives

Maximum Allowable Quantities Per Control Area

Conclusion Hazardous Occupancy vs. Electrically Hazardous

Hazardous Occupancy Electrically Hazardous Quantity driven Operations driven Fire rated walls Explosion proof Equipment Spill containment Static Grounding Fire protection Only addresses electrical

equipment

If you: Use cleaning and/or sanitizing chemicals Use liquid flavors Have combustible dust (i.e., sugar, flour) Treat water or wastewater

You may be at risk!

Conclusion

Look for our next Webinar in April 2013

Pre-loaded questions 1. I store hazardous materials in flammable

storage cabinets. Does the building code still apply?

2. How do I know if I have flammable liquids? 3. I have flammable liquids, what should I do? 4. If all this is required by law, can I get in

trouble if I don’t have everything you described?

5. How would this impact CIP bulk chemical storage?

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