hazards and disaster management. the myths it can’t happen to us. it can’t happen to us. the...
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Hazards and Hazards and
DisasterDisaster ManagementManagement
Hazards and Hazards and
DisasterDisaster ManagementManagement
The MythsThe Myths
It Can’t Happen to Us.It Can’t Happen to Us.
The Nature’s forces are so The Nature’s forces are so Deadly the Victims will Die Deadly the Victims will Die anyway.anyway.
There is Nothing We Can Do. There is Nothing We Can Do.
Definition of DisasterDefinition of DisasterA Disaster is an event that occurs in most cases A Disaster is an event that occurs in most cases
suddenlysuddenly and and unexpectedlyunexpectedly, causing severe , causing severe disturbances to disturbances to people,people, objectsobjects and and
environmentenvironment, resulting in , resulting in loss of life loss of life ,,propertyproperty and and health of the populationhealth of the population. .
Such a situation causes disruption in normal Such a situation causes disruption in normal pattern of life, generating misfortune, pattern of life, generating misfortune,
helplessness and suffering affecting the socio-helplessness and suffering affecting the socio-economic structure of a region/country to such economic structure of a region/country to such an extent that there is a need for assistance or an extent that there is a need for assistance or
immediate outside intervention.immediate outside intervention.
A A phenomenon or eventphenomenon or event which which constitutes a trauma for a constitutes a trauma for a population/environment.population/environment.
A A vulnerable point/areavulnerable point/area that will bear that will bear the brunt of the traumatizing event.the brunt of the traumatizing event.
The The failure of local & surrounding failure of local & surrounding resourcesresources to cope with the problems to cope with the problems created by the phenomenon.created by the phenomenon.
Types of DisastersTypes of Disasters Natural - ManmadeNatural - Manmade
Ingredients of a DisasterIngredients of a DisasterIngredients of a DisasterIngredients of a Disaster
Disasters affecting in Disasters affecting in WorldWorld
EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONVOLCANIC ERUPTION TSUNAMITSUNAMI CYCLONECYCLONE FLOODFLOOD LANDSLIDELANDSLIDE BUSHFIREBUSHFIRE DROUGHTDROUGHT MAJOR ACCIDENT (FIRE, MAJOR ACCIDENT (FIRE,
EXPLOSION,)EXPLOSION,)
GENERAL EFFECTS OF GENERAL EFFECTS OF DISASTERDISASTER
LOSS OF LIFELOSS OF LIFE INJURYINJURY DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF
PROPERTY.PROPERTY. DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF
PRODUCTION.PRODUCTION. DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLEDISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLE LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD.LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD. DISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICESDISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTUREDAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE DISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMSDISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS NATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSSNATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSS SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
EFFECTS AFTER EFFECT.EFFECTS AFTER EFFECT.
DISASTER MANAGEMENTDISASTER MANAGEMENT
““AN APPLIED SCIENCE WHICH AN APPLIED SCIENCE WHICH SEEKS, BY THE SEEKS, BY THE SYSTEMATIC SYSTEMATIC
OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF DISASTERS, TO IMPROVE OF DISASTERS, TO IMPROVE
MEASURES RELATING TO MEASURES RELATING TO PREVENTION, MITIGATION, PREVENTION, MITIGATION,
PREPAREDNESS, EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND RECOVERYRESPONSE AND RECOVERY.”.”
ResponseResponseRecoveryRecoveryPrevention & MitigationPrevention & MitigationPreparednessPreparedness
Disaster Management Disaster Management CycleCycle
RESPONSERESPONSE Response measures are usually those which are Response measures are usually those which are
taken immediately prior to and following disaster taken immediately prior to and following disaster impact.impact.
Typical measures include :Typical measures include : Implementation of plansImplementation of plans Activation of the counter-disaster systemActivation of the counter-disaster system Search and RescueSearch and Rescue Provision of emergency food, shelter, medical Provision of emergency food, shelter, medical
assistance etc.assistance etc. Survey and assessmentSurvey and assessment Evacuation measuresEvacuation measures
RECOVERYRECOVERY Recovery is the process by which Recovery is the process by which
communities and the nation are assisted in communities and the nation are assisted in returning to their proper level of returning to their proper level of functioning following a disaster.functioning following a disaster.
Three main categories of activity are Three main categories of activity are normally regarded as coming within the normally regarded as coming within the recovery segment:recovery segment:
RestorationRestorationReconstructionReconstructionRehabilitationRehabilitation
PREVENTION & PREVENTION & MITIGATIONMITIGATION
Prevention Prevention : Action within this segment is designed to : Action within this segment is designed to impede the occurrence of a disaster event and/or impede the occurrence of a disaster event and/or prevent such an occurrence having harmful effects on prevent such an occurrence having harmful effects on communities or key installations.communities or key installations.
Mitigation :Mitigation : Action within this segment usually takes Action within this segment usually takes the form of specific programs intended to reduce the the form of specific programs intended to reduce the effects of disaster on a nation or community. For effects of disaster on a nation or community. For instance, some countries regard the development and instance, some countries regard the development and application of building codes (which can reduce damage application of building codes (which can reduce damage and loss in the event of earthquakes and cyclones) as and loss in the event of earthquakes and cyclones) as being in the category of mitigation.being in the category of mitigation.
PREPAREDNESSPREPAREDNESS
Preparedness is usually regarded Preparedness is usually regarded as comprising measures which as comprising measures which
enable governments, enable governments, organizations, communities and organizations, communities and
individuals to respond rapidly and individuals to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster situations.effectively to disaster situations.
PREPAREDNESS (PREPAREDNESS (ContdContd))
Examples of Preparedness measures are :Examples of Preparedness measures are : The formulation & maintenance of valid, up-The formulation & maintenance of valid, up-
to-date counter-disaster plansto-date counter-disaster plans Special provisions for emergency actionSpecial provisions for emergency action The provisions of warning systemsThe provisions of warning systems Emergency communicationsEmergency communications Public education and awarenessPublic education and awareness Training programs, including exercises and Training programs, including exercises and
tests.tests.
Principles of Disaster Principles of Disaster ManagementManagement
Risk & Hazard Risk & Hazard AssessmentAssessment
Planning Planning OrganizationOrganizationResource UtilizationResource UtilizationNeed for SpecialistsNeed for SpecialistsTrainingTraining
RISK AND HAZARD RISK AND HAZARD ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
Disaster risk will be a combination Disaster risk will be a combination of the likelihood of the event and the of the likelihood of the event and the vulnerability of a place to that event. vulnerability of a place to that event.
The hazard assessment will aim to The hazard assessment will aim to deliver accurate disaster information deliver accurate disaster information about individual locations. about individual locations.
HAZARD ASSESSMENTHAZARD ASSESSMENT Vulnerability to a particular hazard will include :Vulnerability to a particular hazard will include : Critical products, services, records and Critical products, services, records and
operations.operations. Hazardous materialsHazardous materials Potential effects of damage on stakeholders.Potential effects of damage on stakeholders. Likely financial costs.Likely financial costs. Resources personnel and time available to make Resources personnel and time available to make
preparations. preparations. Level of insurance cover.Level of insurance cover.
The combination of hazard and The combination of hazard and vulnerability assessments will result in vulnerability assessments will result in
formulating total risk assessment. formulating total risk assessment.
Principles of Disaster Principles of Disaster ManagementManagement
Planning :Planning :
to have a clear and logical approach to dealing to have a clear and logical approach to dealing with disasters.with disasters.
to provide common reference for all to provide common reference for all departments and authorities with roles.departments and authorities with roles.
to assist with information for sitting-up a to assist with information for sitting-up a multi- functional organizational structure.multi- functional organizational structure.
to form a basis for coordinated action.to form a basis for coordinated action. to provide clear allocation of responsibilities.to provide clear allocation of responsibilities. to form a basis for reviewing and evaluating to form a basis for reviewing and evaluating
current and future disaster management current and future disaster management requirements.requirements.
to give a focus for disaster related training.to give a focus for disaster related training.
Organisation :Organisation : the nature of National Disaster the nature of National Disaster
Management Authorities. Management Authorities. Utilization of total governmental structures/ Utilization of total governmental structures/
resources i.e. National, State & Local level.resources i.e. National, State & Local level. Co-ordination of non governmental Co-ordination of non governmental
resourcesresources Community involvementCommunity involvement Clear lines of Authority and unity of Clear lines of Authority and unity of
commandcommand Special system requirements.Special system requirements.
Principles of Disaster Principles of Disaster ManagementManagement
Organisation (Contd.) :Organisation (Contd.) :
Special system requirements.Special system requirements. Emergency Operation Center/Control Emergency Operation Center/Control
CenterCenter Direction & Coordinating AuthorityDirection & Coordinating Authority CommunicationsCommunications Warning SystemsWarning Systems Survey & AssessmentsSurvey & Assessments Information ManagementInformation Management Emergency LogisticsEmergency Logistics
Principles of Disaster Principles of Disaster ManagementManagement
Resource UtilizationResource Utilization : :• Identification of resources• Assessment of resources with relation to their capability & availability• Allocation of appropriate tasks• Level of skill in handling allotted tasks and experience• Activation time for deployment/availability• Co-ordination with line authorities of resource organizations• Coalition of accurate information for effective deployment of resources.
Principles of Disaster Principles of Disaster ManagementManagement
AGENCIESAGENCIES
Governmental (Including Military Governmental (Including Military both at National & State Level).both at National & State Level).
Non Governmental Organizations.Non Governmental Organizations. Community groups both social & Community groups both social &
religious.religious. International Volunteer International Volunteer
organisation.organisation.
Need for Specialists :Search & Rescue•Survey & Damage Assessment•First Aid & Triage•Mobile Medical & Health Team•Evacuation•Animal Husbandry/Veterinary
Principles of Disaster Principles of Disaster ManagementManagement
•Need for Specialists (Contd):
–Emergency Welfare–Emergency Shelter–Emergency Logistics–Staff for EOC (Emergency Operating Center)–Information Management including public information needs.–Specialists from field of disaster studies and research (Geologists, Meteorologists, etc.)
Principles of Disaster Principles of Disaster ManagementManagement
Training :Training :•Identification of Training needs.•Scope of Training programmes.•Training policy.•Implementation of training.
Principles of Disaster Principles of Disaster ManagementManagement
•Training (Contd.):Training (Contd.):
–Design of training should be compatible to support tasks required to be performed after a Disaster at three levels.
•Foundational Training•Team Training•Combined Organizational Training.
Principles of Disaster Principles of Disaster ManagementManagement