hazards of nano

7/26/2019 Hazards of Nano

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Nanotechnology and

Manufactured Nanomater ials:

Environment, Health and Safety

I ssues


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Relevance of the issue

Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that is

expected to result in innovations across many

industry sectors. First products are already on themarket.

It is important that all stakeholders concernedengage in discussions to identify and address

policy issues (e.g., health, environmental, safety,

moral, ethical, societal, legal and social utility

concerns)

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2008 All rights reserved to THE INNOVATION SOCIETY, St.Gallen / Christoph Meili

Nanomaterials provide better functionality

Food,

Cosmetics

Construction

CoatingsEnergy

Applications

Nanotube Electrode

IT

Materials AnalyticsMilitary Medicine


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Manufactured Nanomaterials: Description

manufactured: intentionally produced versus

unintentionally released (incidental: welding fumes,diesel soot)

nanoscale: typically between 1 and 100 nm in at

least one dimension

new materials and old materials (carbon black) with newproperties:

new chemicals (fullerenes), existing chemicals (TiO2)

problematic: nanofibers/tubes(nanorods) and

nanoparticles(in two or three dimensions less than100 nm), aggregates(definition/stability)

Little solubility(in solution loss of nano

characteristics)

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Consumer products (major materials)

2008 All rig hts reserv ed to THE INNOVATION SOCIETY, St.Gallen / Chr isto ph Meili

Source: www.nanotechproject.org


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Exposure to nanoparticles and related hazardsUptake routes for nanoparticles:

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Nanoparticles

Nose

Lung Skin

Blood

DegenerativeChanges

Bone Spleen Blood Vessels Liver Heart PlacentaFetus

Brain

Brain


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Nanoparticles: ExposureIn format ion on Exposu re for human

and env i ronment :

Which nanoparticlesare released and lead to relevant

direct/indirect exposure (production, use, life cycle) ?

How to measure relevant parameters (mass

concentration, surface, volume, particle number)?

How to estimate exposures?

How to develop an easy and low-cost measurementtechnique including personal sampling?

What is an efficient measurement strategy?

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Problems 1

2008 All rig hts reserv ed to THE INNOVATION SOCIETY, St.Gallen / Chr isto ph Meili

Magic Nano

Bath sealent chemical

> 100 intoxications

(oedema)

Product recall (Penny-

Market)Contained NO

nanoparticles


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Problems 2

2008All rig hts reserv ed to THE INNOVATION SOCIETY, St.Gallen / Chr isto ph Meili

Skin cream with fullerenes (C60)

Cream with fullerenes

(antiox.) (30 ml = 266 US$)

Fullerenes were found to be

neurotoxic in fish

NGOs are calling for strictregulation of cosmetics


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Problems 3

2008 All rights reserved to THE INNOVATION SOCIETY, St.Gallen / Christoph Meili

Nano-Silver washing machine (SAMSUNG)

Antibacterial effect of silver

ions in the washing machine

Silver lasts for over 3000

wash processes (10 years)

Environmental NGOs arecalling for pest declaration

of silver at the EPA


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Nanoparticles: Risk Management

Information on risk management:

Is the present framework for data generation, information

collection, hazard and risk assessment sufficient to manage

nanoparticles safely?

Are thepresent protective measures for fine dust also

effective for nanoparticles ? What else is needed?

What risk mitigation strategies are already applied?

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Nanoparticles: Communication

Information on communication:

How to inform the public about the technical, economical andsocial impact of nanotechnology?

How to inform the user about the uses of nanomaterials, their

benefits, their risks and the uncertainty of the risks?

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Responsibilities for Sound management of

chemicals: Nanomaterials

o Producer/Exporting Countries

-Generation of information (hazard)

- Risk assessments, Risk management

- Information on classification/labeling C/L, safety

data sheets SDS, risk assessments, risk

management options, bans/restrictions

o User/Importing Countries

- Awareness raising (hazard, risk, C/L SDS)

- Make information available

- implement regulatory framework for safe use

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National work for Nanomaterials 2

o How are developed countries addressing the problem of

potential risks of nanoparticles science/regulation?

o What is done on the international level (SAICM, IOMC)?

o What is thepresent regulatory frame work for industrial

chemicals in my country? Is it sufficient to control the risks

from nanoparticles?

o Is a specific regulatory framework needed for nano-

particles (within SMC or separate) for what problems?

o How do I raise awareness and involve the stakeholders?

o - What do I require from producers or importers? 14


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Technical information needs for SMC of Nano

- List of nanomaterials/nanoparticles in international trade

- Main uses of such nanomaterials/nanoparticles, in whichindustry branches?

- Possible exposures and health risks/environmental risks:

toxicology, environment effects (new unknown effects or

known effects expected?)Access to studies and expertise for interpretation

- Monitoring methods and instruments for consumer/worker

and environment exposure

- Proper waste treatment, control transboundary movement- Code of practice for safe use of worker, consumer and

environment (applying precaution)

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Benefits of Nanomaterials

Information on benefits of Nanomaterials:

Proven benefits for the man and/or environment (for

example less toxic, less waste, longer duration, energy

efficient, resource/material efficient, cleaning ofcontaminated water, remediation efficient,

environmental sensors)

Proven sustainability of nano based product compared

to conventional products over the whole life cycle

Competitive on the market

Availability, accessibility

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hazards of nano

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