health psychology stress, coping skills & well-being

8/2/2019 Health Psychology Stress, Coping Skills & Well-being

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By: Javaria Zahra


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What is Stress?

Stress consists of environmental demands

that lead to automatic responses. It can bedefined as a stimulus.

Stress is a persons response to events thatare threatening or challenging.


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Mental and physical condition thatoccurs when a person must adjust or

adapt to the environment Includes marital and financial

problems


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What is stressor?

Stressors are the situations or events which

cause stress.

Whether it is a paper or an exam deadline, afamily problem, or even the ongoing threat ofa terrorist attack, life is full of circumstancesand events known as stressors that producethreats to our well-being


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Environmental

Physiological Emotional

(psycho-social)


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Negative

Uncontrollable Ambiguous


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7

Stressor

High Stress

Low Stress

StressAppraisal

See stressoras a challenge

See stressoras a threat


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Commitment

Control Challenge

Individuals high in Hardiness

have fewer stress related problems

due to the way they perceive stressand the coping mechanisms theyuse (approach coping instead of

avoidance coping).


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In 1936, Hans Selye, a physician,

introduced the General Adaptation

Syndrome (GAS), a description of thebiological response to sustain and

unrelenting physical stress.


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Phase 1

The Alarm Reaction

Phase 2

Resistance

Phase 3

Exhaustion

ANS activated by

stress

Damage occurs/

organism adapts to

stress

Organism dies

/suffers irreversible

damage


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Responses to

Stress

Physiological Cognitive

Emotional

Behavioral


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Be physically activeGet sufficient sleepBuild strong social support

system

Allow time for recreationEngage in effective timemanagement


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Step 1 Establish priorities

Step 2 Monitor current time use

Step 3 Analyze time use Step 4 Make a schedule


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Provides a break

from reality

(Time Outhypothesis)

Improves mood

and self-esteem


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Distraction Self Satisfaction

Muscle Relaxation Boost Self-esteem


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Informational

Material

Emotional


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Coping with Stress

OutcomeStress

Use Problem-focusedCoping Strategies

Stressor

within yourcontrol

Stressorout of yourcontrol

Use Emotion-focusedCoping Strategies

The choice ofcopingstrategydepends on thenature of the

stressor


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Problem-focused Problem Solving

Assertiveness Seeking active social

support

Avoidant Ignoring

Escaping

Emotion-focused Praying

Relaxing Exercising

Seeking passive socialsupport

Appraisal-focused Cognitive restructuring

Knowledge/skills


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Quick "time out" Jacobson's progressive relaxation Autogenic training Biofeedback Meditation / imagery Exercise


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Deep breathing

Take mind off of problems


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Involves alternate contraction and

relaxation of muscles

Teaches person to identify stress-related tension in the body


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Combines deep rhythmic breathing

with soothing imagery

Feelings of heaviness and warmthfacilitate process


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Utilizes machines that monitor physiologicalresponses

Useful for decreasing tension headaches,asthma attacks, hypertension and phobias.


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Relies on deep breathing

Facilitated by images of peace and

relaxation


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Psycho Physiological disorders are the physicaldiseases produced in part by

Psychological factors Stress According to DSM IV psychological factors affecting

physical conditions. Psycho Physiological Disorders are genuine physical

disorders caused or worsened by emotional factors.Psycho Physiological Disorders, such as Asthma,Hypertension Headache and Gastritis, arecharacterized by genuine physical symptoms that arecaused by or can be worsened by emotional factors.

Such disorders usually affect organs and tissues.


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They involve the Autonomic nervous systemand cause problems of following main

systems: - CARDIO VASCULAR

GASTROINTESTINAL

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM


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Health Problems with

Excessive Stress

CHD and stroke Gastrointestinal

problems such asulcers

Impaired immunesystem

Insomnia


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Direct effect

Raises blood pressure

Impairs immune system Indirect effect

Less positive behaviors(exercise, healthy diet, lack of sleep)

More negative behaviors(drinking, smoking, unhealthy diet)


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Stress is a naturalpart of life but with

appropriate stressmanagementtechniques you canlearn to manage itmore effectively.


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You may notbe able to

smooth outthe surf,but you can

learn to ridethe waves!

health psychology stress, coping skills & well-being

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