HEALTHYAGEING

The Role of Nutritional Supplementsto Support Healthy Ageing

TRADE

For business use only.

LEARNING OUTCOMESIn this training series you will learn how the following Solgar® productscan be applied to support healthy ageing and which other Solgar®products can be used to build a health-promoting programme.

Key Solgar® Products:

E59597: Full Spectrum Curcumin 185x

E15: Acetyl L-Carnitine 250 mg

E57: Alpha-Lipoic Acid 120 mg

E2641: Ubiquinol 100 mg

E28: Ultimate Bone Support*

E2057: Triple Strength Omega-3

E316: Vision Guard Plus

Additional Supportive Solgar® Products:

E3625: Formula VM-Prime® for Adults 50+

E557: Gold Specifics™ Cardiovascular Support

E1410: Gold Specifics™ Homocysteine Modulators™

E2295: Gold Specifics™ Prostate Support

HEALTHY AGEINGThe physical changes that accompany ageing are inevitable, but there are many nutritionaland lifestyle strategies that can be employed to support the body through the process. Lifestylefactors (including physical activity, stress management and use of recreational drugs) caninfluence the rate at which the body ages.

Chronic Inflammation

Health experts now recognise that inflammation is at the root of many of today’s illnesses, including many of the conditions associated with advancing age.1 These include dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, heart disease, obesity and osteoarthritis. While acute inflammation is a normal part of the body’s healing response, it’s the persistent, low-grade (chronic) inflammation that many people live with that slowly erodes health and vitality. Studies show that two to four-fold elevations in circulating levels of pro-inflammatory markers (such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) are typically foundin the elderly when compared to younger individuals, even in the absence of chronic disease.2 Thisphenomena is commonly referred to as inflammageing. Diet and lifestyle can greatly influence thedegree of inflammation in the body.3 Certain nutrients and botanicals have been shown in studies tohave a strong e�ect on decreasing markers of inflammation.4 Similarly, physical activity is associated with exerting an anti-inflammatory e�ect.

The Ageing Brain

Changes within the brain occur with advancing age. The brain shrinks and there are changes tovasculature and cognition. These changes contribute to a higher incidence of stroke, dementia and memory impairment. A healthy diet, low to moderate alcohol intake and regular physical activityare amongst the protective factors to aid the ageing brain.5 Glycation occurs when proteins reactwith excess glucose causing damage to tissues. Education or other methods of stimulating cognition have also been shown to be protective.

Dementia, defined as a deterioration of memory and cognition, is thought to a�ect about 700,000people in the UK, with those aged 65 and older being particularly a�ected. Alzheimer’s disease isthe most common form of dementia. Those a�ected experience a gradual decline in memory which often progresses to confusion and a loss of independence.

Although there is evidence of a genetic link for cognitive decline, various deleterious conditionswithin the human body predispose a person to dementia. These include chronic inflammation,insulin resistance, decline in hormone levels, elevated homocysteine levels and oxidative stress.

The Ageing Eye

The eye is extremely vulnerable to the e�ects of free radicals and antioxidant nutrients areneeded to protect not only the macular, the region of the retina where images are focused,but the lens too.6 Free-radical damage to the lens of the eye is one causative factor in thedevelopment of cataracts, one of the leading causes of visual loss in the elderly.6

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) is the most common loss of vision in the ageingpopulation, usually a�ecting those aged 50 and above. The condition is characterised by thedegeneration of the macula. Although the condition does not lead to complete blindness, itcauses gradual loss of central vision, which is needed for tasks like reading and driving. Thetwo most common types of ARMD are the dry (atrophic) form and the wet (neovascular)form, with the dry form being, by far, the most common.

Protecting the eyes needs to start much earlier than in the advancing age. Avoiding sourcesof free radicals, including fried or burnt foods and cigarettes, and also protecting the eyesfrom the damaging e�ects of sunlight are just as important as ensuring that the diet is richin free-radical scavenging antioxidant nutrients.

Ageing Bones

Osteoporosis is characterised by porous, fragile bones and is common in women as they age.Postmenopausal, Caucasian women (especially those of slight build) are at greatest risk of thisdebilitating condition as the drop in oestrogen, that signals the menopause, increases the rateof bone loss. Bone loss begins around age 30-35, so bone protection should be a considerationlong before a woman reaches the menopause. Protective measures such as correct nutrition,not smoking, taking regular, weight-bearing exercise and limiting alcohol and phosphoric acidfound in soft drinks are all of importance.

Ageing Joints

There are over 200 di�erent musculoskeletal conditions which can adversely a�ect the joints,from the more common back and shoulder pain to more painful conditions such as ankylosingspondylitis and gout. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis in the UK, a�ectingaround 8 million people. Often it develops in people who are over 50 years of age and is largelyassociated with years of ‘wear and tear’. It is characterised by chronic degeneration of joints(involving mainly the articular cartilage and the underlying bone) and severely impairs qualityof life. In a healthy joint, bones are not in direct contact with each other but are cushioned bysynovial membranes and fluid. Ageing causes structural changes that may bring discomfort,inflammation and pain.

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory joint disorder causing joint pain andswelling, sti�ness and fatigue and is categorised as an autoimmune condition.

The Cardiovascular System and Ageing

The heart and blood vessels are collectively known as the cardiovascular system. Many healthdisorders associated with advancing age are related to cardiovascular health. These includeatherosclerosis, hypertension (high blood pressure) cardiomyopathy and stroke. Atherosclerosis,the hardening of the artery walls, is the disease process underlying cardiovascular disease. Thecoronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. Any compromise to theblood flow in the arteries results in potentially fatal damage to the heart muscle. Typically, arteryblockage is due to an accumulation of plaque, (made up of cholesterol, fatty material and cellulardebris). Where there is a blockage in an artery in the brain, a stroke occurs.

Cardiovascular health is greatly influenced by diet and lifestyle factors. Poor health habits have anaccumulative e�ect, which explains why many incidences of cardiovascular disease occur aftermany years of poor health habits.

*Please note: If your customers have any of the above health concerns, please advise they consult their healthcare practitioner. This is a training booklet based on scientific literature and is not intended to help you diagnose or treat customers with any health issues. Food supplements are not intended to prevent, treat or cure any health problems or diseases, nor should they be used instead of a varied balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle, or as a substitute for medications.

SOLGAR® NUTRITIONALSUPPLEMENTSThis is an educational manual only. It is not intended to recommend a specific Solgar® product for any specific healthcondition. The information provided is based on current scientific literature and research.

Food supplements should not be used instead of a varied balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. If your customer and/orclient is pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition, they should consult their healthcarepractitioner before taking any food supplement.

E59597: Full Spectrum Curcumin 185x

Curcumin, the compound derived from the culinary spice turmeric, is responsible for the characteristic orange-yellow colour of this spice.

Research

Curcumin possesses diverse e�ects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial and hepatoprotective (liver-protecting activities).7-9

Although historically the poor bioavailability of curcumin has been a limiting factor for realising the full potential of this compound, new enhanced delivery systems have overcome this problem.

A primary mechanism of curcumin relates to its actions as an anti-inflammatory agent.7 Rather than just influencing oneanti-inflammatory pathway, it appears that curcumin has several modes of action, allowing it todeliver broad-spectrum support to anti-inflammatory pathways. Many anti-inflammatory agentsinhibit either Cyclooxygenase (COX) or Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, whereas curcumin can block both, which subsequently inhibits both prostaglandin and leukotriene signaling molecules.

Curcumin also reduces inflammation via the inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide (iNOS), apro-inflammatory enzyme.

There is a growing consensus among nutritional scientists that low-grade inflammation is a major contributory factor in many common ailments. As such, curcumin’s multi-faceted actions in reducing inflammation means that it has great potential.

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of curcumin have created an interest amongst scientists studying cardiovascular disease. As a result, there is now evidence suggesting that curcumin may indeed have a supportive role in cardiovascular health.8, 10, 11

Atherosclerosis, a serious and progressive condition, refers to the build-up of fatty deposits (plaques) in the walls of the arteries. Amongst the many causative factors for this condition are inflammation and oxidative stress within the vessel wall. Studies have shown curcumin’s anti-atheroscleroticactions are wide-ranging, but include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, studies show that curcumin plays a role in the modulation of cholesterol homeostasis and theinhibition of platelet aggregation.10

In patients with coronary heart disease, the administration of curcumin resulted in a reduction of total and LDL cholesterol.8 Another study reported that 10mg of curcumin given twice daily for 2 weeks significantly lowered plasma fibrinogen (a blood clotting factor) levels in humans withatherosclerosis.12

By simultaneously working on multiple inflammatory pathways, curcumin’s role in the management of both osteo and rheumatoid arthritis shows promise. Several studies have shown curcumin cano�er relief for patients complaining of joint pain, inflammation and tenderness.13 In one study, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic e�ects of curcumin were superior to the NSAID diclofenac sodiumin patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.13

Product Highlights:

• Solgar® Full Spectrum Curcumin 185x o�ers better absorption of curcumin in the body, not just the gut:

- 185x better bioavailability

- Biomimetic (nature-like)

- Ensures solubility of fat soluble curcumin into the aqueous environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

• Research suggests curcumin has anti-inflammatory activity7

Key Research Points:

• Supports healthy anti-inflammatory pathways7

• Curcumin may play a role in cardiovascular health10, 11, 14

E15: Acetyl L-Carnitine 250 mg

Acetyl L-Carnitine (ALC) is a stabilised form of the amino acid L-Carnitine.While the function of L-Carnitine has been well defined in the area oftransporting fat into the cell to be broken down for energy,15 ALC o�ersnew insights as an antioxidant and in normal brain metabolism.

Research

While ALC also performs the same functions of L-Carnitine, the acetyl formof L-Carnitine has been shown in studies to have additional functions in thearea of cognition (insight, perception and awareness) enhancement forhealthy people and in the treatment of age-associated memory impairment,including Alzheimer’s disease.16

ALC may improve cognition by enhancing the activity of acetylcholineand/or increasing neuron production. It may also work by increasing dopamine activity in the brain.17 Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter which plays a role in body movement, motivation,emotion and immune system function.

Studies have shown ALC may help patients with mild cognitive impairment.16

Product Highlights:

• Provides 250mg Acetyl L-Carnitine per capsule

• Acetyl L-Carnitine has been shown to support healthy ageing of the brain16

• Suitable for vegans

• Kosher

Key Research Points:

• Age related memory loss16

• Supportive to cognitive disorders16

E57: Alpha-Lipoic Acid 120 mg Alpha-Lipoic Acid, also referred to as Lipoic Acid (LA) is a naturally occurring sulphur compound found in various foods and is also produced within the human body.

Along with the B vitamins, LA is involved in the metabolism of fats, protein, carbohydrates and cellular respiration (energy production).

Research

High blood cholesterol is a known risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and can be influenced by diet and lifestyle modifications. In addition to high blood cholesterol, evidence suggests that oxidised lipids and lipoproteins have an independent role in the development of CVD. LA directly and indirectly protectslipids within the body.18 It helps to recycle vitamin E to its tocopherol form and protects LDLcholesterol from oxidative damage.19

Free radical damage and a process called glycation are perhaps the two major factors in theageing process. Glycation occurs when proteins react with excess glucose causing damage totissues. Collagen is one of the proteins most susceptible to this process. Glycation happensspontaneously, it doesn’t require enzymes and is as destructive as oxidative damage. In part,due to its impact on blood sugar metabolism and subsequent reduction of blood sugar levels,LA has been shown to inhibit glycation and may therefore play a role in moderating theageing process.20

Preliminary studies in the medical literature suggest that LA may play a role in slowing downthe mental decline experienced by people with Alzheimer’s disease.21

Product Highlights:

• Protects LDL cholesterol from oxidation19

• May play a role in blood sugar regulation20

• Suitable for vegans

• Solgar® Alpha-Lipoic Acid is available in 3 strengths, 60 mg, 120 mg and 200 mg

Key Research Points:

• Cardiovascular health (in relation to cholesterol)19

• Blood sugar management20

• Cognitive function21

• General ageing support20

E2641: Ubiquinol 100 mg

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ-10) is found in all tissues of the body and is involvedin the production of energy in the mitochondria. Ubiquinol is CoQ-10 thathas been converted into a reduced, or active form. The body convertsubiquinone to ubiquinol back and forth many times a second, so both formsare necessary for proper energy production. Levels of CoQ-10 are known todiminish with age, therefore so do the levels of ubiquinol. Ubiquinol is thepreferred form in the blood, comprising more than 80% of the CoQ-10 there.Some individuals have a genetic variation that causes this process to workmuch less e¬ciently, resulting in very low blood levels of ubiquinol.Additionally, younger people (in their 20s) e¬ciently convert CoQ-10, butthe body’s ability to produce CoQ-10 and convert it decreases around age 30.

Research

Ubiquinol is an important lipid-soluble antioxidant produced in the body that works on the fatty parts of the body such as cell membranes and blood lipids. It plays a critical role in protecting themitochondria and its lipid membranes from the abundant free radicals that are by-products of energy production. It also protects lipids in the blood from free radical attack,22 including LDL cholesterol,23 and helps to recycle vitamin E.

Several prescription medications reportedly deplete CoQ-10 including statins, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors.24 The majority of people with compromised heart function or poor circulation show CoQ-10 deficiency and hence may benefit from increased levels.

Supplementation with ubiquinol for four weeks yields significant increases in plasma ubiquinol in healthy humans, showing it is highly bioavailable.25

Product Highlights

• Provides CoQ-10 in the reduced form

• Highly bioavailable25

• Particularly valuable for the more mature adult

Key Research Points:

• General ageing support26

• Heart health and circulation26

• Low energy levels

• Antioxidant

• Mood and mental focus26

• *Supportive to those on statin and other cardiac medication24

E28: Ultimate Bone Support*

This formulation provides the following scientifically researched, highly absorbable vitamins and chelated minerals.

Research

Vitamin K2 Vitamin K2 helps produce a specific protein, important to bone health, known as osteocalcin. Without adequate levels of vitamin K, osteocalcin remains inactive and cannot bind to calcium. Vitamin K2’s positive e�ect on osteocalcin is considerably stronger than vitamin K1 due to the increased half-life of the vitamin i.e. blood levels are higher and for a lot longer.27

Unlike vitamin K1, K2 also strongly influences the activation process of Matrix GLA protein which is an inhibitor of arterial calcification. This helps to ensure that calcium is utilised where it is needed most in the bones and is notdeposited where it does not belong - in the arteries.

Magnesium The understanding of magnesium’s role in optimal bone health has increased in recent years andalthough calcium is the most abundant skeletal mineral (and the best-known nutrient formaintaining bone density) many experts now feel that magnesium intake is as critical to skeletalhealth as calcium. Bone tissue contains approximately 60% of the magnesium found in the body.It is important for regulating calcium within bones and teeth and is also required for convertingvitamin D into its active form in the body which facilitates calcium absorption. Research suggeststhat magnesium supplementation may help to support bone density.28 Magnesium is provided inthree highly bioavailable forms – malate, citrate and bisglycinate.

Vitamin D3 Known as the ‘sunshine vitamin’ D3 (cholecalciferol) is the preferred form of this importantnutrient. It has received significant press coverage for its health benefits including its impacton bone health. Vitamin D contributes to normal bone growth and development by promotingthe absorption of calcium from food, influencing the hormones that maintain healthy levels ofcalcium and phosphorus in the bones and bloodstream.29

Calcium The most abundant mineral in the body, 99% of which is stored in the skeleton.

Everyday about 200mg is removed from the bones into the blood and needs to be replenished.Adequate calcium consumption and weight-bearing physical activity will help build strongbones and optimise bone density. The calcium in Ultimate Bone Support* is provided in threehighly bioavailable forms – malate, citrate and bisglycinate.

Zinc There is a high concentration of zinc found in the bone. It aids protein synthesis whichstrengthens bones and supports cell growth. Zinc also helps the constant regenerationof bone and maintains healthy muscles and nerves.30

*Calcium and vitamin D contribute to the maintenance of normal bones.

Copper 70-80mg of copper is found in the body, approximately 19% of which is in the skeleton.Copper is needed for the development and maintenance of bones.31 It is also requiredfor collagen integrity; collagen gives flexibility and strength to the bones.

Manganese An essential trace mineral needed for healthy skin, bone and cartilage formation.32

Boron An important bone support nutrient as it is crucial in the conversion of vitamin D intoan active form which helps the body absorb calcium.33

Product Highlights:

• Provides calcium and magnesium in 3 highly absorbable forms (malate, citrate and bisglycinate)

• Broad range of bone supportive nutrients

• Provides vitamin D as cholecalciferol (D3)

Key Research Points:

• Bone Support

• Muscular health

E2057: Triple Strength Omega-3

Research

The health benefits of the omega-3 fatty acids are well established withinthe scientific community. As well as playing a crucial role in cardiovascularhealth, they are central to the development and functioning of the brain,musculoskeletal system and much more.34

The human body is unable to make these fatty acids and must thereforeobtain them from food (e.g. oily fish) or supplementation.

The ethyl ester form of fish oil occurs when natural triglyceride oil is concentrated and molecularly distilled to remove mercury and otherimpurities. The result of this process is concentrated (50-70%) omega-3molecules in an ethyl ester form. The advantage to this form is that it candeliver double or triple the levels of EPA and DHA commonly found in fishoil supplements.

Solgar® Triple Strength Omega-3 is Solgar’s highest concentration of the natural omega-3polyunsaturates EPA and DHA from cold-water fish. This formulation is ideal for those wishingto obtain the benefits of higher dose fish oil supplementation, without the need for multiplesoftgels.

Product Highlights:

• 2800mg of fish oil concentrate, providing 1008mg EPA and 756mg DHA

• Reduced need for multiple softgels to achieve higher dose

• Ideal for those wishing to obtain the benefits of higher dose fish oil supplementation

Key Research Points:

• Cardiovascular health34

• Circulation34

• Joint health34

• Cognitive function34

E316: Vision Guard Plus

This formula combines the following scientifically researched nutrients tosupport the health of the eyes.

Research

LuteinThe antioxidant carotenoid lutein is one of the most abundant protectivecompounds found in eye tissue. Research shows that lutein benefits theintegrity of the macula and may represent one of the most importantsupportive agents against degenerative eye disorders such as maculardegeneration.35

Bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus)Research studies confirm that bilberry extract o�ers significant benefits inthe support of various eye disorders.36 The active anthocyanoside flavonoids in bilberrysupport healthy circulation within the eyes, increase oxygen and energy levels in the eyetissue, and possess powerful antioxidant and connective tissue-strengthening properties.37

Ginkgo (ginkgo biloba)The herb ginkgo has demonstrated impressive protective e�ects against free radical damageto the retina in experimental studies.38 The ability of its active compounds to support healthycirculation and capillaries may be of additional benefit.39

EyebrightEyebright is probably the best known of all herbal eye tonics and is reported to be supportiveto the associated mucous membranes. The astringent compounds in eyebright are used toprovide a tonic e�ect for the eyes and may help to reduce sinus congestion, stinging, sensitivityto light, weeping eyes and catarrhal conditions.40

Antioxidants (vitamins A, C and E, selenium, zinc)Nutritional antioxidants reduce the activity of free radicals and thus the damage caused bythem. Free radical damage is a primary factor in the development of degenerative conditionsof the eye.

Product Highlights

• Antioxidant rich formulation, with bilberry, ginkgo and lutein

• Suitable for vegans

Key Research Points:

• Support eye health36

• Support healthy circulation39

• Antioxidant support37

Complimentary Products:

E1668: Lutein Carotenoid Complex

E54791: MultiPlus™ with Vision Essentials

E4110: Bilberry Berry Extract with Blueberry

E315: Bilberry Ginkgo Eyebright Complex

Additional Supportive Products

E3625: Formula VM-Prime® for Adults 50+

Product Highlights:

• High potency formula for adults aged 50+

• Iron free

• Provides choline, vitamins B6 and B12 and folic acid for brain health41

• Provides digestive enzymes

• Suitable for vegans

• Reduced size tablets (2 a day) for easy swallowing

E557: Gold Specifics™ Cardiovascular Support

Product Highlights:

• Rich in nutrients to support the heart and vascular system

• Contains L-Carnitine to support heart health42

• Provides Coenzyme Q10 to aid the heart’s energy production43

E1410: Gold Specifics™ Homocysteine Modulators™

Product Highlights:

• Formula contains TMG, vitamin B12 and folic acid – these facilitate the conversion of homocysteine back to methionine44

• Contains vitamin B6 needed to convert homocysteine to cystathione45

Key Research Points:

• Age-related cognitive decline46

• Cardiovascular health46

E2295: Gold Specifics™ Prostate Support

Product Highlights:

• Contains saw palmetto and nettle leaf, both researched for their supportive role in prostate health, including helping to reduce frequent urination48, 49

• Provides lycopene to support the natural age-related decline in lycopene within the prostate gland

• Contains pumpkin seed powder which may improve urinary flow50

• Contains zinc and selenium, both shown to support prostate health51, 52

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39. Ritch R. Potential role for Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of glaucoma. Medical hypotheses. 2000; 54(2):221-35.

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41. Selhub J, Troen A, Rosenberg IH. B vitamins and the aging brain. Nutrition reviews. 2010;68 Suppl 2:S112-8.

42. Retter AS. Carnitine and its role in cardiovascular disease. Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md). 1999; 1(2):108-13.

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