heidi m. sosik hui feng
DESCRIPTION
Seasonal to Interannual Variability in Phytoplankton Biomass and Diversity on the New England Shelf. In Situ Time Series for Validation and Exploration of Remote Sensing Algorithms. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution . University of New Hampshire. Heidi M. Sosik Hui Feng. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Seasonal to Interannual Variability in Phytoplankton Biomass and Diversity
on the New England Shelf
Heidi M. Sosik Hui Feng
In Situ Time Series for Validation and Exploration of Remote Sensing Algorithms
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
University of New Hampshire
Project Overview
Goal: Use unique time series to evaluate algorithms that extend MODIS ocean color data beyond chlorophyll to functional type or size-class-dependent phytoplankton retrievals
Approach: End-to-end time series observations, with step-by-step algorithm evaluation and error analysissingle cells phytoplankton community bulk water optical properties sea surface optical properties (air and water) MODIS optical properties
Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory
Tower mountedAERONET-OC
MODIS productsSubmersible Imaging
Flow Cytometry
Approach
Phytoplankton ObservationsSingle cells to communitiesBiomass, size- and taxon-resolved
Phytoplankton AlgorithmsAbsorption spectral shape size structure
Diagnostic pigments size structure
Diagnostic pigments taxonomic structure400 500 600 7000
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
03-Jul-2007 20:00:00Fraction micro = 0.40
Rel
ativ
e ph
ytop
lank
ton
abso
rptio
n
Wavelength (nm)
pico
micro
MeasuredCiotti fit
400 500 600 7000
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
09-Dec-2007 21:15:00Fraction micro = 0.78
Wavelength (nm)
pico
micro
MeasuredCiotti fit
m m m m
m
Variability in community structure
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
10
20
30
40
Dia
tom
s (m
gC m
-3)Diatoms
Cyano-bacteria
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Cya
noba
cter
ia (m
gC m
-3)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
20
40
60C
arbo
n ( m
g m
L-1)
SynechococcusGuinardia delicatula
.
m m m m
m
10-2
100
102
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
FCM carbon (mg m-3)
CH
EM
TAX
Chl
a (m
g m
-3) y = (1/9)x0.913
r = 0.630
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dia
tom
s
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 11
Pigment-based retrieval of taxonomic groups
Diatoms
“CHEMTAX”
In situ FCM
Total Chl a = diatom Chl a + dinoflagellate Chl a + cyanobacteria Chl a + …
with partitioning according to accessory pigment ratios
Mackey et al. 1996
10-2
100
102
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
FCM carbon (mg m-3)
CH
EM
TAX
Chl
a (m
g m
-3) y = (1/9)x0.913
r = 0.630
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dia
tom
s
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 11
Pigment-based retrieval of taxonomic groups
Diatoms
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
2
4
6
8
Dia
tom
s
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 42
Dia
tom
s (m
g m
3 )
10-2
100
102
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
FCM carbon (mg m-3)
CH
EM
TAX
Chl
a (m
g m
-3) y = (1/161)x0.694
r = 0.375
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Cya
noba
cter
ia
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 318
10-2
100
102
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
FCM carbon (mg m-3)
CH
EM
TAX
Chl
a (m
g m
-3) y = (1/9)x0.913
r = 0.630
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dia
tom
s
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 11
Pigment-based retrieval of taxonomic groups
Diatoms
10 mm
Dinoflagellates Cyanobacteria
~1 mm cells
10-2
100
102
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
FCM carbon (mg m-3)
CH
EM
TAX
Chl
a (m
g m
-3) y = (1/145)x1.794
r = 0.321
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Din
ofla
gella
tes
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 42
10-2
100
102
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
FCM carbon (mg m-3)
CH
EM
TAX
Chl
a (m
g m
-3) y = (1/9)x0.913
r = 0.630
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dia
tom
s
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 11
Pigment-based retrieval of taxonomic groups
Diatoms
10 mm
Dinoflagellates Cyanobacteria
~1 mm cells
10-2
100
102
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
FCM carbon (mg m-3)
CH
EM
TAX
Chl
a (m
g m
-3) y = (1/145)x1.794
r = 0.321
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Din
ofla
gella
tes
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 42
Chl
or C
arbo
n (m
g m
3 )
10-2
100
102
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
FCM carbon (mg m-3)
CH
EM
TAX
Chl
a (m
g m
-3) y = (1/161)x0.694
r = 0.375
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Cya
noba
cter
ia
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 318
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
log10(Rrs488/Rrs547)-log10(Temp)
log1
0(Ze
axan
thin
) (m
g m
-3)
Y = -9.885+-14.84X+-9.23X2+-1.998X3
In situ dataPan et al.
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
log10(Rrs488/Rrs547)
log1
0(C
hl a
) (m
g m
-3)
Y = 0.03664+-3.451X+2.276X2+-1.096X3
In situ dataPan et al.
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
log10(Rrs488/Rrs547)
log1
0(Pe
ridin
in) (
mg
m -3
)
Y = -1.401+-2.817X+2.634X2+-2.396X3
In situ dataPan et al.
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
log10(Rrs488/Rrs547)
log1
0(Fu
coxa
nthi
n) (m
g m
-3)
Y = -0.6208+-3.928X+1.339X2+0X3
In situ dataPan et al.
Diagnostic pigment retrieval from RrsPan et al. 2010 band ratio algorithms AERONET-OC
SeaPRISM, Rrs(l)
Discrete samplesHPLC pigment analysis
Chl a Fucoxanthin
Peridinin Zeaxanthin
10-2
100
102
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
FCM carbon (mg m-3)
CH
EM
TAX
Chl
a (m
g m
-3) y = (1/161)x0.694
r = 0.375
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Cya
noba
cter
ia
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 318
10-2
100
102
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
FCM carbon (mg m-3)
CH
EM
TAX
Chl
a (m
g m
-3) y = (1/9)x0.913
r = 0.630
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dia
tom
s
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 11
Pigment-based retrieval of taxonomic groups
Diatoms
10 mm
Dinoflagellates Cyanobacteria
~1 mm cells
10-2
100
102
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
FCM carbon (mg m-3)
CH
EM
TAX
Chl
a (m
g m
-3) y = (1/145)x1.794
r = 0.321
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Din
ofla
gella
tes
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCFCM carbon / 42
Chl
or C
arbo
n (m
g m
3 )
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dia
tom
s
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, SeaPRISM
Remote sensing retrieval of taxonomic groups
Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cyanobacteria
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Din
ofla
gella
tes
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, SeaPRISM
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Cya
noba
cter
ia
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, SeaPRISM
AERONET-OCSeaPRISM, Rrs(l)
Following:Pan et al. 2010 band ratio algorithmsPan et al. 2011 CHEMTAX application
Loss of seasonal resolution
Chl
or C
arbo
n (m
g m
3 )
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Dia
tom
s
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, SeaPRISM
Remote sensing retrieval of taxonomic groups
Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cyanobacteria
Frac
tion
of C
hl a
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Din
ofla
gella
tes
(chl
frac
)
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, SeaPRISM
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Cya
noba
cter
ia (c
hl fr
ac)
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, SeaPRISM
AERONET-OCSeaPRISM, Rrs(l)
Relative contribution to total Chl a
Loss of seasonal resolution
Following:Pan et al. 2010 band ratio algorithmsPan et al. 2011 CHEMTAX application
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Dia
tom
s
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, SeaPRISM
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Dia
tom
s (c
hl fr
ac)
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, MODIS
Remote sensing retrieval of taxonomic groups
Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cyanobacteria
Frac
tion
of C
hl a
Frac
tion
of C
hl a
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Din
ofla
gella
tes
(chl
frac
)
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, SeaPRISM
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Cya
noba
cter
ia (c
hl fr
ac)
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, SeaPRISM
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Din
ofla
gella
tes
(chl
frac
)
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, MODIS
Jan Apr Jul Oct Jan0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Cya
noba
cter
ia (c
hl fr
ac)
CHEMTAX Chla, HPLCCHEMTAX Chla, MODIS
Ecosystem characterization
Decadal increase in pico-cyanobacteria at MVCO
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
20
40
60C
arbo
n ( m
g m
L-1)
SynechococcusGuinardia delicatula
.
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Syn
echo
cocc
us
log(
mL-1
), an
omal
y
Ecosystem characterization
Peacock et al. 20142003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
0
20
40
60C
arbo
n ( m
g m
L-1)
SynechococcusGuinardia delicatula
.
50 mm
Ecosystem characterization
Interannual fluctuations in diatoms related to parasite infection linked to temperature
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
20
40
60C
arbo
n ( m
g m
L-1)
SynechococcusGuinardia delicatula
.
0 2 4 6 8 100
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Inte
grat
ed G
. del
icat
ula
(cha
ins
ml -1
d)
Average infection rate (%)
Mar-10
Feb-13
Feb-07
Feb-09
Jul-09
Sep-09
Feb-11
Jan-12
Jun-11
Peacock et al. 2014
Looking forward on PFT characterization
Time series observationssingle cells phytoplankton community bulk water optical properties sea surface optical properties (air and water) MODIS optical properties
Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory
Tower mountedAERONET-OC
MODIS productsSubmersible Imaging
Flow Cytometry
Local detail Trends and patterns of change
Regional to basin scales
Combinedin situ & satellite
observations
http://ifcb-data.whoi.edu/
Open data access
Standard formats
Processing pipelines
End-to-end provenance
Ecosystem characterization
-4 -2 0 2 4-4
-2
0
2
4
r2 = 0.42
Temperature anomaly (relative)
Taxo
n an
omal
y (re
lativ
e)
Syn
-4 -2 0 2 4
-5
0
5
January
r2 = 0.59
Ditylum
-4 -2 0 2 4
-5
0
5
r2 = 0.39
Corethron
Taxa with positive response to warmer winters
Taxa with negative response to warmer winters
Interannual variability – taxon specific
Seasonally adjusted Biomass anomalies vs Temperature anomalies
Cyanobacterium Diatoms
FlowCytobot Imaging FlowCytobot
Observing Phytoplankton at MVCO
Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO)Cabled site with power and two-way communications
MicroplanktonPicoplankton
Laser-based flow cytometryFluorescence and light scattering
Flow cytometry with video imaging
Automated features for extended deployment (>6 months)
Enumeration, identification, and cell sizing
Thousands of individual cellsevery hour
Olson et al. 2003 Olson & Sosik 2007
Single Cells to Biomass
FlowCytobot
Picoplankton
Imaging FlowCytobot
Microplankton
Light scattering
Cel
l vol
ume
(mm
3 )
Sosik and Olson 2007Moberg & Sosik 2012
Olson et al. 2003Volume from laser scattering
Volume from image analysisnew “distance map” approach
Menden-Deuer and Lessard 2000