HEP-QIS Research Program QuantISED

(Quantum Information Science Enabled Discovery)

HEP PI Meeting August 24th 2020

Lali Chatterjee

Program Manager

Office of High Energy Physics

Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy

HEP-QIS Research in the National Context

National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)

Sub Committee on Quantum Information Science (June 2018)

National Strategic Overview for QIS (Sept 2018)

National Quantum Initiative Act (Dec 2018)

(Being implemented at different agencies)

Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C)

Quantum Network Inter Agency Working Group Chairs: OSTP, NIST, NASA

DOE members: Carol Hawk (ASCR) and Lali Chatterjee (HEP)

DOE Release of Quantum Internet Blueprint (July 2020)

2

Quantum Information Science: Agency Approaches

How can QIS be harnessed to benefit the warfighter and enhance

national security?

• Single-investigator and team awards to universities and international collaborations; base funding at DoD labs and FFRDCs

• Focused programs in sensing, communication, scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing; wide-ranging basic research

How can QIS enhance our fundamental

standards, documentary standards, and our

ability to make precise measurements?

• DOC’s QIS research is performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

• Fundamental standards (time, mass, etc.), sensors, cryptography standards, protocols for computing and communication, etc.

How can we improve our fundamental understanding of

quantum information science?

• Single-investigator awards to universities; larger awards to university-based centers and collaborations

• Math and physical sciences, computer and information science, engineering

How can QIS advance DOE’s science and energy mission?

How can DOE’s unique resources advance QIS?

• Single-investigator and team awards to universities; larger and longer-term investments at DOE labs and user facilities

• Includes all 6 Office of Science programs

• NNSA also investing

Foundational ResearchApplied Research

Technology Development

HEP-QIS Research in the DOE Office of Science (SC) Context

Office of Science QIS Initiative in 2018

QIS started sequentially across the Six Programs at Office of Science

ASCR started in FY17; HEP had some pilots prior to 2018)

For Updates for DOE, Office of Science:

See talk on 8/26/2020 by

Dr. Ceren Susut SC/ASCR on NQI Centers

SC’s QIS Strategy

5

✓ Builds on community input

✓ Highlights DOE/SC’s unique strengths

✓ Leverages groundwork already established

✓ Focuses on cross-cutting themes among programs

✓ Targets impactful contributions and mission-focused

applications

DOE Community Resources

Fundamental Science

Tools, Equipment,

Instrumentation

DOE/SC Contributions to QIS

Quantum Computing:

Simulation, Optimization, Machine Learning

Analog Quantum Simulation

Sensing and Microscopy

QIS Applications

SC for QIS and QIS for SC

QIS Budgets at Office of Science (SC)

SC QIS Budgets allocated to Programs & SC NQI centers

QIS Budget at HEP includes HEP-QIS Research & NQI Centers

QIS Research at SC coordinated across agencies

QIS Research at SC reported via SC, DOE, and OSTP

SC wide PI meetings for QIS (2019 January, next TBD)

For more on NQI Centers: Talk on Aug 26th

6

QIS for SC & SC for QIS

QIS for HEP & HEP for QIS

HEP-QIS Research Program

QuantISED

(Quantum Information Science Enabled Discovery)

Formally started in 2018 with SC QIS Initiative

Characterized by interdisciplinary collaborations

Accelerating HEP for QIS and QIS for HEP

HEP-QIS Based Discovery for Science Drivers

Foundational HEP-QIS Research

Quantum Simulation Experiments

Quantum computing for HEP

Quantum Sensors using QIS

Supporting Technology

QIS based small experiments

8

P5 Science DriversHEP-QIS Interdisciplinary Research

Advancing QIST (Quantum Information Science & technology)

QIS for HEP and HEP for QIS

HEP and QIS – How we Started

HEP has been working with the community, SC, and other agencies to identify its QIS connections since 2014, including participation in the NSTC Interagency Working Group

Workshops and community reports inform program growth: Jan. 2015: ASCR-HEP Study Group on “Grand

Challenges at the Interface of Quantum Information Science, Particle Physics, and Computing”

Feb. 2015: BES-HEP Round Table Discussion on “Common Problems in Condensed Matter and High Energy Physics”

Feb. 2016: HEP-ASCR Roundtable on “Quantum Sensors at the Intersections of Fundamental Science, Quantum Information Science and Computing”

July 2016: NSTC report on “Advancing Quantum Information Science: National Challenges and Opportunities” (HEP Participation)

2016-2017: Some Pilots at HEP to get started

9

Other Agencies –NSF, DOD, NIST, …

Significant Contributions over many years…

DOE Labs have been working on HEP-QIS as well …

2018: Formal QIS Budget/Program

Program Timeline Recap

FY2018: HEP competed QuantISED in FY18 via FOA and Lab Call

Seeded HEP-QIS interdisciplinary research at Labs and Universities

Format: Consortia Proposals and Pioneering Pilots

FY2019: Had an opportunity for an additional re-competition

Funded Pioneering Pilots and two Exemplars( ‘small’ experiments)

FY2020: Some of the 2018 University Consortia submitted renewals in FY20

Labs funded in FY18 also submitted renewal proposals for FY20

Some Pioneering Pilot researchers joined consortia proposals

QuantISED FY20 renewals are currently in process and will be announced later

FY2021: We expect renewal proposals from some of the Lab programs started in FY19

SC open call – to be available in FY21 for universities – more in Fall 2020

10

HEP-QIS

Interdisciplinary

Research, Research Technology,

Discovery

Cosmos and Qubits

(Theory, QI, & Quantum Simulation Experiments)

Quantum Field Theory, Entanglement

(Quantum Computation & Simulation Experiments)

QuantISED Awards in FY18 & FY19

11

QuantISEDExemplars / Experiments

Quantum Computing

for HEP

Data analysis/ML/

algorithms

HEP tools for QIS

Research technology

(SRF/controls…)

QIS based Quantum Sensors for HEP

Some Coordinated partnerships with NIST and DOD

HEP-QIS

Interdisciplinary Research

ALL P5 Science Drivers

Cosmos and Qubits

(Quantum Simulation Experiments,

Theory, QI)

TOPIC AQuantum Field

Theory, Entanglement

(Quantum Computation & Simulation Experiments)

TOPIC B

HEP-QIS Connections to HEP Frontiers and Thrusts

12

Small HEP-QIS ExperimentsTOPIC F

Quantum Computing

for HEP

Data analysis/ML/

Algorithms

Topic C

HEP tools for QIS

Research technology

(SRF/controls…)

Topic E

QIS based Quantum Sensors for HEP TOPIC D

HEP Theory & Computing

Energy & Intensity Frontier

Cosmic & Intensity Frontiers

GARD -Accelerator

GARD –Detector

HEP Theory

HEP Theory/ Computing

Linking QuantISED Categories to OSTP QIS Topics

Relevant OSTP QIS Categories

QADV (Foundational Quantum

Information Science Advances)

QCOMP (Quantum Computing)

QSENS (Quantum Sensing and

Metrology)

QNET (Quantum Networks and

Communications)

QTSUP (Supporting Technology)

QuantISED Categories

Cosmos & Qubits (A)

Foundational HEP-QI-QC (B)

Quantum Computing for HEP

Experiments (C )

Quantum Sensors (D)

HEP Tech for QIST (E )

QIS Based Experiments for P5 Science

Drivers (F)

https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/National-Strategic-Overview-for-

Quantum-Information-Science.pdf

13

HEP-QIS

Interdisciplinary Research

ALL P5 Science Drivers

Cosmos and Qubits

(Quantum Simulation Experiments,

Theory, QI)

TOPIC A

Quantum Field Theory, Entanglement

(Quantum Computation & Simulation Experiments)

TOPIC B

HEP-QIS Connections to HEP Frontiers and Thrusts

14

Small (QIS) ExperimentsTOPIC F

Quantum Computing

for HEP

Data analysis/ML/

Algorithms

Topic C

HEP tools for QIS

Research technology

(SRF/controls/com…)

Topic E

QIS based Quantum Sensors for HEP TOPIC D

QADV

QNET

QTSUP

QTSUP

QCOMPQSENS

QADV

QADV

QADV

QSENS

QNET QCOMP

QADV

QCOMP

10-22 eV 1 eV 100 GeV 1019 GeV

Dark-Matter Waves Dark-Matter ParticlesQCD axion WIMP

1. Directional detection of WIMPs

3. Single-photon detectors for hidden photons

4. Qubits and Rydberg atoms for QCD axions

6. Lumped resonators for QCD axions

7. Nuclear spins for QCD axions

5. Photon upconverters for QCD axions (needed for nuclear spins and lumped resonators)

8. Clocks / cold atoms for scalar dark matter

+9. Quantum simulation and optimization of dark matter experiments

2. LHe and GaAs for light WIMPs

Walsworth

Garcia-Sciveres

Berggren

Chou

Irwin

Irwin

Sushkov

Habib

Balantekin

ADMX-G2

HEP-QIS QuantISED Sensor Portfolio (FY18 version)

For Dark Sector, New Interactions, and QIST

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QuantISED : Opportunities for ‘Small’ Experiments ?

QuantISED PIs (Topics D &E) met via Zoom on May 26, 2020 to discuss possible ‘small’

experiments based on quantum sensors under the QuantISED program.

Convened based on a charge letter from the DOE to Kent Irwin and Joe Lykken

Topics of discussion (based on the charge) included:

New opportunities for HEP science enabled by the second quantum revolution

(Quantum 2.0)

The desire for balance between achieving HEP science results and quantum

technology demonstrations

Quantum technology most relevant to HEP/QIS science opportunities

Lab-academia collaboration models for small experiments

Opportunities for interaction with other parts of SC

(Draft report to be circulated to participants

soon) 16

NIST/HEP partnership: Summary (Updates in Progress)

HEP

10010-12 10-6 Mass [eV]10-1810-24

• Precision metrology• Quantum technologies

➢ Single photon detectors

➢ Atomic sensors➢ Superconducting

circuits

• Particle physics• Cosmology• Accelerator and Detector

Technologies

New capabilities for probing the dark sector

Clocks / cold atoms for scalar dark matter

Nanowire single-photon detectors for hidden photons

106

Qubits and ultrahigh-Q cavities for hidden photons

Trapped ion force sensing for hidden photons

Qubits and Rydberg atoms for QCD axions

QCD axion

Quantum technologies for fundamental physics

• Dark matter search over a previously inaccessible range of masses and sensitivity• Quantum technologies with broad impact on quantum sensing 17

“The ghost in the radiation”: encoding the black hole interiorI. Kim, E. Tang, J. Preskill, JHEP 2020 [HEP-DOD Connection]

Hawking radiation from partially evaporated black hole is plausibly pseudorandom –indistinguishable from thermal to observers with reasonable computational power.

This means that the interior of the black hole can be encoded in the radiation yet is nevertheless inaccessible in practice from outside the black hole.

Ublack hole

Uobserver

O

radiation

blackholeobserver

time

infallingmatter

This observation eases the firewall problem: the “late” radiation can be entangled with both (1) the black hole and (2) the “early” radiation, because (1) is encoded in (2).

QIS → HEP: Principles of computational complexity and quantum error correction are needed to understand what’s inside a black hole. The lesson is that for local effective field theory to apply, a process should have not only low energy and low curvature but also low computational complexity.

HEP → QIS: The firewall problem stimulates the construction of new families of quantum codes protecting against nonstandard noise models. These may have other applications. 18

Some more recent successes….

HEP Quantum Information Science Enabled Discovery (QuantISED) funded research at Fermilab has

achieved breakthrough success in demonstrating unprecedented coherence times of seconds, (several

orders of magnitude higher than previous QIS records of milliseconds) in transforming SRF cavities to full

quantum regimes of ultralow temperatures and single photon field levels. This represents a key scientific

achievement as well as high impact for QIS technology. The results have been published:

A. Romanenko et al, Phys. Rev. Applied 13, 034032 (2020).

Some other recent papers:

A. Macridin, P. Spentzouris, J. Amundson, R. Harnik PRL 121, 110504 and Phys. Rev. A 98, 042312

Jet Clustering Algorithms Wei, Naik, Harrow, Thaler, PRD 2020

Disentangling Scrambling & Decoherence via Quantum Teleportation B Yoshida & N Yao PRX 2019

19

Quantum Computing as a High School ModulearXiv:2004.07206 , arXiv:1905.00282

First quantum computing high school course in the US.

* to be featured in upcoming QED-C

panel on quantum workforce

development.

*

20

Quantum Computing as a High School ModulearXiv:2004.07206 , arXiv:1905.00282

First quantum computing high school course in the US.

* to be featured in upcoming QED-C

panel on quantum workforce

development.

*

21

Program Consolidation and Planning Continues

QuantISED Coordination Team: Lead Pis/Task leads

Being planned for Coordination and/or collaborations:

with HEP

across QuantISED

with NQI Centers

with QIS funded research by other agencies

with Industry (and QED-C)

with International QIS activities (and DOE)

Opportunities for new ideas?

22

HEP-QIS Entanglement Continues

23

HEP-QIS

Cosmos & Qubits

Theory,

QI and Computing

Quantum Computing

for HEP Experiments

HEP-QIS Experime

nts

QIS based

Quantum Sensors

QIS Supporting

Tech

Simulating Physics with Computers by

Richard P. FeynmanInternational Journal of Theoretical Physics, VoL 21, Nos. 6/7, 1982

QI and Qubits and the Universe – fundamental questions

New Frontiers of Discovery with Quantum 2.0

Exploiting Quantum Computers for P5 Science Drivers

Adapting HEP Technology for QIST

New Questions – neutrino entanglement and QIS?

Quantum Tunneling – QIS Connections?........