HEREDITY…HEREDITY…..Why do living Why do living

things look and things look and behave like their behave like their

biological biological parents???parents???

GENES…GENES…What color are yours?What color are yours?

Genes help determine Genes help determine our eye color, hair our eye color, hair color, the “color” of color, the “color” of our personality, likes our personality, likes and dislikes, and dislikes, strengths and strengths and weaknesses, and weaknesses, and more!!more!!

Where are Where are genes found?genes found?

Inside every cell of Inside every cell of each living thing each living thing (plant or animal) (plant or animal) are sets of are sets of instructions called instructions called genes.genes.Genes are found Genes are found in the DNA that in the DNA that you got from your you got from your biological mom biological mom and dad… and dad… What is biological? What is biological? If your mom and If your mom and didn’t adopt you didn’t adopt you and you were born and you were born out of your out of your momma’s tummy, momma’s tummy, they are your they are your biological parents!biological parents!

The genes are strung together in long The genes are strung together in long stands of material called deoxyribonucleic stands of material called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and these long strands are called acid (DNA) and these long strands are called chromosomes. chromosomes. Most living things have pairs of Most living things have pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent) and chromosomes (one from each parent) and humans have 23 pairs of chromosomeshumans have 23 pairs of chromosomesMany of the genes have a quality known as Many of the genes have a quality known as dominatedominate or or recessiverecessive. Dominant traits . Dominant traits are more common than recessive are more common than recessive traitstraits..

Trait…a distinguishing feature Trait…a distinguishing feature in a personin a person

You are given 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 You are given 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 each. Mom gives you 23 and dad gives you 23. each. Mom gives you 23 and dad gives you 23. Each characteristic has 1 pair.Each characteristic has 1 pair.Eye color: Mom gives you 1 chromosome for Eye color: Mom gives you 1 chromosome for eye color, dad gives you 1 also. So you have 1 eye color, dad gives you 1 also. So you have 1 pair of chromosomes for eye color.pair of chromosomes for eye color.Let’s say that mom has brown eyes, and dad Let’s say that mom has brown eyes, and dad has blue eyes. Brown eyes are dominant (B) has blue eyes. Brown eyes are dominant (B) and blue eyes are recessive (b).and blue eyes are recessive (b).This is how all your traits are “put together”. This is how all your traits are “put together”. Dominant and recessive genes are mixed to Dominant and recessive genes are mixed to create a new YOU!!!!create a new YOU!!!!

If you were given the same gene from each, either If you were given the same gene from each, either both brown (BB) or both blue (bb), then you will both brown (BB) or both blue (bb), then you will have the same color as that gene pair.have the same color as that gene pair.

But if you were given a mix, you will have brown But if you were given a mix, you will have brown eyes, but carry a recessive blue gene (Bb, bB). eyes, but carry a recessive blue gene (Bb, bB). Remember that brown is dominant. That means it Remember that brown is dominant. That means it is a more common, or stronger, gene.is a more common, or stronger, gene.

Where do I get these “genes” Where do I get these “genes” (traits)??(traits)??

They are a gift from…They are a gift from…MOM MOM AND AND

DAD!!!DAD!!!

You are an offspring of your biological parents.You are an offspring of your biological parents.

You act and look and have behaviors because of You act and look and have behaviors because of the gift of “genes”!!!the gift of “genes”!!!

““Innate behaviors” or “fixed action pattern Innate behaviors” or “fixed action pattern behaviors” are things you do because we, as living behaviors” are things you do because we, as living things, are born doing them.things, are born doing them.

You do them because you were born doing them! You do them because you were born doing them! You can’t help it. You can’t practice it. Your brain You can’t help it. You can’t practice it. Your brain just knows to do it!just knows to do it!

Innate BehaviorsInnate Behaviors (Fixed Action Pattern (Fixed Action Pattern

Behaviors)Behaviors)HibernationHibernation

MigrationMigration

Babies sucking their thumbsBabies sucking their thumbs

BlinkingBlinking

SwallowingSwallowing

Babies’ toes spreading when foot is Babies’ toes spreading when foot is tickledtickled

CryingCrying

Rough play between wolf cubsRough play between wolf cubs

Inherited Traits…the stuff you Inherited Traits…the stuff you get from mom and dad!get from mom and dad!

Singing, dancing, and instrumental Singing, dancing, and instrumental abilitiesabilities

Abilities in mathAbilities in math

Athletic talentAthletic talent

Liking routinesLiking routines

Drawing/artistic talentDrawing/artistic talent

Faces you might makeFaces you might make

What else can you think What else can you think

of???of???

Learned Behaviors…Stuff you do because Learned Behaviors…Stuff you do because of your environment…Stuff you do because of your environment…Stuff you do because

you practice…Stuff that is taught!you practice…Stuff that is taught!

Teaching a dog to sit, roll over, give paw.Teaching a dog to sit, roll over, give paw.

A toddler throwing a tantrum.A toddler throwing a tantrum.

Getting dressed.Getting dressed.

Brushing teeth.Brushing teeth.

Speaking a language.Speaking a language.

Learning to play an instrument or a sport.Learning to play an instrument or a sport.

Manners.Manners.

How to eat properlyHow to eat properly

What else can you think of???What else can you think of???

Activity:Activity:In partners, you will create a chart with three In partners, you will create a chart with three columns.columns.On the left side, you will title it “inherited”On the left side, you will title it “inherited”On the right side, the title is “learned”On the right side, the title is “learned”In the middle, the title is “innate”In the middle, the title is “innate”You and your partner will brainstorm 5 You and your partner will brainstorm 5 inherited, 5 innate, and 5 learned behaviors.inherited, 5 innate, and 5 learned behaviors.Think carefully before you list them…do you Think carefully before you list them…do you have to practice it or is it something you have to practice it or is it something you naturally liking or tendency for? Is it a reaction naturally liking or tendency for? Is it a reaction that you were born doing since birth?that you were born doing since birth?Only one item on each column may be the ones Only one item on each column may be the ones that we have discussed in class.that we have discussed in class.

VocabularyVocabularyCharacteristicsCharacteristics

InheritedInherited

TraitTrait

OffspringOffspring

InbornInborn

InnateInnate

Instinctive behaviorsInstinctive behaviors

Learned behaviorsLearned behaviors

Dominant traitsDominant traits

Recessive traitsRecessive traits

GenesGenes

GeneticGenetic

DNA: what it is, not what it stands for!DNA: what it is, not what it stands for!

Punnent SquarePunnent Square

BBB B BBbb

bbBB bbbb

Black (B) Blonde (b)

Brown

(B)

Blonde

(b)

Dad

Mom

Punnent SquarePunnent Square

Brown (B) Blue (b)

Green

(G)

Blue

(b)

Mom

Dad

GB:

will have greenish/blue eyes, or HAZEL

Gb;

Will have green eyes, but carry a blue recessive

bB:will have brown eyes, but carry a bluue recesive

Bb:

Will have blue eyes

Punnent SquarePunnent SquareDad Beans

Mom Beans

ActivityActivity

Draw a Punnent Square on a piece of paper. Draw a Punnent Square on a piece of paper.

Correctly label the dominant and recessive Correctly label the dominant and recessive titles for “mom beans” and “dad beans” titles for “mom beans” and “dad beans” squares. squares.

Fill in each square with the correct Fill in each square with the correct chromosome combinations.chromosome combinations.

Using the lab sheet from the bean Using the lab sheet from the bean experiment, add up the tallies in each experiment, add up the tallies in each column, and write that total in the column, and write that total in the appropriate place on the Punnent Square.appropriate place on the Punnent Square.