hero's journey a transformational model of ... · hero’s journey building the...

Hero’s Journey

Building the transformational model

of entrepreneurship education

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6MhAwQ64c0&feature=related

Amy Sauers, Ph.D.

St. Petersburg College

Research Problem

Background

Key Variables

Measures

Methods

Discussion

Transformational

Model:

Entrepreneurship

Education

•Research Problem

•Kauffman Foundation

“Not enough …research on

entrepreneurship education and

its impact” (Cone, 2010).its impact” (Cone, 2010).

•Significance

•7 out of 10

•5,000+ Courses

•Background

•“Traits”

•Courses

•Success Outcomes

•Transformation•Transformation

•Campbell’s Stages

•12-Step Recovery

•Emotions are

Motivators

Separation

• Call to Adventure

• Helpers/Aid

Return

• Return with Elixir

• Master of Two Worlds

• Freedom

Background:

The Hero With a

Thousand Faces

(Campbell, 1949)

Initiation

• Into Land of No Return

• Trials; Temptations

• Climax

• Innovative

• Opportunity

• Risk• Value Creation

Training • Propensity to Start

• Create New Business

• Employment

Background:

Entrepreneurship Education

• Risk

• Proactive

Inputs

• Marketing & Sales

• Financial

• Agile

• Norms

• Employment

• Stay in Business

Practice

Background:

Emotional Motivators for Stage Change

•Normal outcome

traumatic stress

(Christopher,

2004).2004).

•Motivators of

stage change

(Carson-Sauers,

2008).

Background: Emotional Transition

to Stage 1

… Stage 1

Separation

-Step away from “status quo” (Campbell, 2008)

Emotional Commitment

-Choice to begin entrepreneuring(Jung, 1971)

InnovativenessOpportunity

Risk Taking Proactiveness

Background:

Stage 1 - Entrepreneurial

“Inputs”

Innovativeness

• Lumpkin & Dess (2001)

• Adopt new, creative solutions

Opportunity Orientation

• Shane & Venkataraman(2000)

• “Problems as opportunities”

Risk Taking

• Miller (1983)

• Try new solutions when the “crowd” does not

Proactiveness

• Lumpkin & Dess (2001)

• Getting outcomes done


to Stage 2

… Stage 2

Initiation

-Passing trials to receive “secret” knowledge (Prevos, P., 2001)


-Choice to be an entrepreneur (Jung, 1971)

Value Creation

• Anderssen,

Marketing & Sales

• Hirisch

Financial Planning

• Garavan &

Agile

• Metes,

Cultural Norms

• Morrison,

Background:

Stage 2 - Applied Entrepreneurship

Training

• Anderssen, Curley, & Formica (2010)

• Unique, high-value solutions for market

• Hirisch(1993)

• How to market and sell one’s product

• Garavan & O'Cinneide(1994)

• Financial planning skills

• Metes, Gundry, & Bradish(1998)

• Shift startup according to customer feedback

• Morrison, (2000)

• Feeling supported

Principles

• Entrepreneurship

Concept & Product

Development

• “Problems as opportunities”

Sales

• Sales philosophy

Business Financial Plans

• Startup expenses

Background:

Stage 2 - Training

SPC UD Courses

hip fundamentals

• Work though starting their own company

• Vote for best

opportunities”

• Iteration

• Commercializa-tion

• Team

philosophy

• Selling experiences

• Sales plan for company

• Agile

expenses

• Assumptions

• Financial statements for company

• Ratios

• Valuations

Capstone Business Plan


to Stage 3

… Stage 3

Giving Back

-Time and effort into community (Oster & Hamel, 2003)


-Identification as entrepreneur (Jung, 1971)

Propensity to Start Venture

Creation of New Business

EmploymentStay in

Business

Background:

Stage 3 - Entrepreneurship

Practice

• Fayolle(2007)

• How likely to start business

• Delmar & Davidsson(2000)

• How many new businesses have you started

• Keynes (2008)

• Created jobs

• Reid (1999)

• How long stayed in business

Research Problem

Background

Key Variables

Measures

Methods

Discussion

Transformational

Model:

Entrepreneurship

Education

Key Variables

“Inputs”

-Separation

-Emotional

Training

-Initiation

Practice

-Giving back

-Propensity to start -Emotional commitment

-Innovativeness

-Opportunity orientation

-Risk taking

-Proactiveness

-Value creation knowledge

-Marketing and sales knowledge

-Financial planning knowledge

-Agile

-Cultural norms

-Propensity to start venture

-Creation of new business

-Employment

-Stay in business

Separation

• “Stepped away


• “I have committed”

Stage 1:

“Inputs”

Measures

Innovativeness

• “Think outside the box”


• “Others see problems, I see opportunities”

Risk Taking

• “I stick my neck out for something I believe in”

Proactiveness

• “I take initiative”

• “Stepped away from status quo”

committed”

Initiation

• “I have passed a



Stage 2:

Training/

Knowledge

Measures

Value Creation

• “Learned a lot about creating value”

Marketing & Sales

• “Selling is essential for survival”

Financial Planning

• “Essential to systematically increase profits”

Agile

• “I am able to shift my business”

Cultural Norms

• “I feel supported”

• “I have passed a lot of trials”

committed”

Giving Back

• “I give back to the



Stage 3:

Practicing

Entrepreneur

Measures

Propensity to Start

• “Likely to start”

Creation of New Business

• “I have started my business”

Employment

• “I have gotten jobs”

Stay in Business

• “I have been able to keep my business going”

• “I give back to the community”

committed”

Research Problem

Background

Key Variables

Measures

Methods

Discussion

Transformational

Model:

Entrepreneurship

Education

Methods

•10 Respondents

•Entrepreneurship

Students

•Seniors•Seniors

•Males/Females

•26-45 yrs oldhttps://spreadsheets.google.com/vie

wform?hl=en&formkey=dG8xZzd0UD

RMS1phZTdZdVY4a2g4X3c6MQ#gid=

0

Discussion

7 Factors Explain 95% of Variance

1. Opportunity Orientation & Readiness

2. Separated from Crowd/Experienced the Trials

3. Learned Core Entrepreneurship Training3. Learned Core Entrepreneurship Training

4. Feeling Supported

5. Trained in Skills & Now Getting Things Done

6. Giving Back & Creating Jobs

7. I am Entrepreneur

Discussion

7 Factors and Loadings

1. Opportunity Orientation & Readiness

1. Always love solving problems .97

2. Wish to help others to entrepreneurship .922. Wish to help others to entrepreneurship .92

3. I am able to shift my business .91

4. Very likely to start .84

5. In “thinking” phase .82

6. Adopt creative solutions .81

7. Others see problems, I see opportunities .80

Discussion


2. Separated from Crowd/Experienced the Trials

1. Had to step away from status quo .92

2. Hate going against the crowd -.852. Hate going against the crowd -.85

3. Had to separate from previous path .84

4. Have been able to keep startup going .58

5. Have passed a lot of trials .56

Discussion


3. Learned Core Entrepreneurship Training

1. Learned at lot about marketing in

entrepreneurship .96entrepreneurship .96

2. Learned a lot about creating value .92

3. I stick my neck out for what I believe in .77

4. Learned a lot about financial planning .67

Discussion


4. Feeling Supported

1. Feel supported to start .93

2. Environment conducive entrepreneurship .752. Environment conducive entrepreneurship .75

3. Gotten jobs due to entrepreneurship .59

Discussion


5. Trained in Skills & Now Getting Things Done

1. Have started businesses already .91

2. I had entrepreneurship training .832. I had entrepreneurship training .83

3. My business has been running for years .70

4. I am comfortable in entrepreneurship skills .69

Discussion


6. Giving Back & Creating Jobs

1. Think outside the box .85

2. Financial tracking knowledge .852. Financial tracking knowledge .85

3. I have created jobs .71

4. Giving back .67

Discussion


7. I am Entrepreneur

1. I am an entrepreneur .76

2. I am a practicing entrepreneur .662. I am a practicing entrepreneur .66

Separa-tion

Return


Separated from

Crowd/Trials

I am Entrepreneur

Discussion

tion

Initiation

Core Training

Feeling Supported

Feel Trained & Getting Things

Done

Giving Back & Creating Jobs

• Opportunity Orientation

• Separation • Value Creation


Training• Giving Back

• Create Employment

• Identification as Entrepreneur

Discussion

Inputs


• Financial

• Trained & Proactive

• Support Norms

Entrepreneur

Practice

Transformational Model of

Entrepreneurship Education

Discussion

Amazing Success Outcomes1. http://www.slideshare.net/sedwards614/bus

iness-plan-strategiesfinalweek

2. http://www.slideshare.net/peticsu/custom-2. http://www.slideshare.net/peticsu/custom-

concrete

3. http://www.slideshare.net/damarismendoza

8/caribe-entertainment-powerpoint

Discussion

Next Steps

� Test model for significance

� Increase power

� Parse supportive culture effect� Parse supportive culture effect

� Understand entrepreneurship

journeys per group effects

Research Problem

Background

Key Variables

Measures

Methods

Discussion

Transformational

Model:

Entrepreneurship

Education http://www.youtube.com/wat

ch?v=wwuanH7lruY&feature=r

elated

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