high p t suppression at forward rapidities catalin ristea niels bohr institute, copenhagen for the...
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High pT Suppression at Forward Rapidities
Catalin RisteaNiels Bohr Institute, Copenhagenfor the BRAHMS Collaboration
XXXV International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics
Kroměříž, Czech Republic
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The Relativistic HeavyIon Collider
BRAHMS
BRAHMS
p+p
p+p, d+Au, Cu+Cu, Au+AusNN=200GeV
Cu+Cu, Au+AusNN=62.4GeV
Cu+CuAu+Au d+Au
The BRAHMS Experiment - global detectors - spectrometers & PID
What we measure: - RCP and RAA
Experimental resultsComparing Au and Cu
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The BRAHMS Collaboration
I.Arsene11, I.G. Bearden6, D. Beavis1, S. Bekele6 , C. Besliu9, B. Budick5, H. Bøggild6 , C. Chasman1, C. H. Christensen6, P. Christiansen6, R. Clarke9,
R.Debbe1, J. J. Gaardhøje6, K. Hagel7, H. Ito1, A. Jipa9, J. I. Jordre9, F. Jundt2, E.B.
Johnson10, C.E.Jørgensen6, R. Karabowicz3, E. J. Kim4, T.M.Larsen11, J. H. Lee1, Y. K.
Lee4, S.Lindal11, G. Løvhøjden2, Z. Majka3, M. Murray10, J. Natowitz7, B.S.Nielsen6,
D. Ouerdane6, R.Planeta3, F. Rami2, C. Ristea6, O. Ristea9, D. Röhrich8, B. H. Samset11, D. Sandberg6, S. J. Sanders10, R.A.Sheetz1, P. Staszel3, T.S. Tveter11, F.Videbæk1, R. Wada7, H. Yang6, Z. Yin8, and I. S. Zgura9
1Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, 2IReS and Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France3Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland,
4Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA, 5New York University, USA6Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
7Texas A&M University, College Station. USA, 8University of Bergen, Norway 9University of Bucharest, Romania, 10University of Kansas, Lawrence,USA
11 University of Oslo Norway
48 physicists from 11 institutions
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✔ excellent momentum resolution✔ unique pT coverage at high y
BBroad RaRange HHadron MMagnetic SSpectrometers
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q
q
hadronsleadingparticle
leading particle
Schematic view of jet production
high pT particles are produced from the
fragmentation of jets resulting in hard scatterings
loose energy by gluon bremsstrahlung – sensitive to the properties of the traversed medium – jet quenching.
aspects to consider: gluon saturation, gluon shadowing, parton recombination, jet-quenching. Cronin enhancement.
High pT Suppression
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High pT Suppression
RCP
1 N binC d 2 N C dpT
1 N binP d 2 N P dpT
RAA
d 2 N AA dpT dy
N bin d 2 N NN dpT dy
BRAHMS acceptance<->leading particle ->high pT
• RCP – systematic errors cancel out*
same data set, detector configuration pp reference not available
• RAA – more information
different collision systems no collective effects in pp
• could emphasize different effects• RAA
& RCP
ratios < 1 show medium effects wrt the ref. used
• higher η -> different medium density in longitudinal direction, reference pp softer
Nucl-th/0108056 Polleri and Yuan
BeamRapidity
[H. Weber, UrQMD]
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BRAHMS Acceptance
• small solid angle: ~6 msr for MRS and 0.5 msr for FS• map out the particle phase-space by collecting data with many different spectrometer settings• average spectrum, event normalization*, corrections
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Global Detectors
Beam-Beam counters:for vertex determination.
TMA & SiMA: for centrality determination.
more central collisionsSilicon Strips
Plastic Scintillator Tiles
ZDC counters: at 18 meters. Measurespectator neutrons.
0-5%
5-10
%
10-2
0%
20-3
0%
40-5
0%30
-40%
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Corrections to the spectra
Tracking efficiencies, geometrical acceptances
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Spectra for inclusive charged hadrons in AuAu @ 200 GeV
• inclusive pT
spectra for nonidentified h+ and h- at
η 0, 1, 2.6, 3.2
•power-law shape, where the vast majority of particles are produced in the pt region below 2 GeV/c
•steeper at higher η
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RCP
in Au+Au at 200 GeV
● Not significant dependence on η
● η~3.2 h+/h- show the same behaviour
● Cronin like enhancement at 2 GeV/c
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RAA
in Au+Au @ 200 GeV/c
● Suppression at all η● Cronin like enhancement in central colls at all η (p
T~2GeV/c)
● RAA
no dependent on η => pp changing the same as AuAu effects other than just medium● Already for semi-peripheral events, R
AA goes to 1.
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Hydro + jet model
i Hydro description of the soft part of the produced matter
ii Hard part use a pQDC model (PYTHIA)
i+ii – generation of jets is evolving medium
iv – place for more refined initial conditions
Reasonable descriptionof data at =0 and =2.2 and =3.2
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Strong energy absorption model from a static 2D matter source. (Insprired by A.Dainese (Eur.Phys.J C33,495) and A.Dainese , C.Loizides and G.Paic (hep-ph/0406201) )
• Parton spectrum using pp reference spectrum• Parton energy loss E ~ q.L**2• q adjusted to give observed RAA at ~1.
The change in dN/d will result in slowly rising RAA .
The modification of reference pp spectrum causes the RAA to be approximately constant as function of .
Can corona effect mask the lower parton density at =3.2 ?
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Au+Au @ 200 && 62.4 GeV
62.4 GeV pp reference is based on ISR collider data62.4 GeV pp reference is based on ISR collider data
200 GeV pp reference from BRAHMS data – PRL 93, 242303 (2004)200 GeV pp reference from BRAHMS data – PRL 93, 242303 (2004)
200 GeV
62.4 GeV
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Au+Au, Cu+Cu @ 62.4 GeVR
aa @
AuA
u
Raa
@ C
uCu
T.M. Larsen, QM2005PreliminaryCu+Cu
Au+Au
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RCP
@ 200, 62.4 GeVR
cp @
62.
4 R
cp @
200
Little Little dependence at 200 dependence at 200 GeV…GeV…
……but greater but greater suppression suppression approaching approaching beam rapidity at beam rapidity at 62.4 GeV.62.4 GeV.
Preliminary
kinematiclimit
Rcp
@ C
uCu
……CuCu @ 62.4 CuCu @ 62.4 GeV ...GeV ...no suppression! no suppression!
Peripheral Au+Au is not pp!
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PID - Time-of-flight
m2 p2 c2 TOF2
L2 1TIME-OF-FLIGHT
TOF2TOF1
TOFW
TOFW TOF1 TOF2
/ K
2 cut
K / p
2.0 GeV/c 3.0 GeV/c 4.5 GeV/c
3.5 GeV/c 5.5 GeV/c 7.5 GeV/c
TOFW2
2.5 GeV/c
4.0 GeV/c
MRS FS
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PID - Cherenkov
RICHC1
C4
RICH: Cherenkov light focusedon spherical mirror ring on image plane
Ring radius vs momentum gives PID / K separation 25 GeV/cProton ID up to 35 GeV/c
CHERENKOV
(2 settings)
C4 Threshold (MRS): / K separation 9 GeV/c
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RAA
for identified particles
No p suppression!
Preliminary
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RAA versus centrality for identified hadronsR. Karabowicz, QM2005
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RCP
for p, π, K at y ~ 3
Rcp for Identified particles at y~3
Suppression for all particles
Rcp(p) > Rcp(K) > Rcp()
Cent bins using multiplicity in ||<2Glauber Model
<Ncoll> for 0-10% ~880
<Ncoll> for 40-60% ~ 78
± K±
p,pbar
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RAA at y=0 and y=3.1
RAA for pions at forward
rapidities agrees
with RAA at midrapidit
y
R. Karabowicz, QM2005
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d+Au system...
D. Kharzeev hep-ph/030737
initially used to emphasize the Au+Au suppression at η ~ 0CGC - high enery, forward y, large nuclei, saturationCGC inspired much teoretical and experimental work
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Charged hadron spectra
In all
p+p
d+Au
Au+Au
systems, the distributions get softer at higher rapidities
... dN/dη
... <pT>
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d+Au SystemCroninCronin like enhancement at like enhancement at =0.=0.
Clear suppression as Clear suppression as changes up changes up to 3.2to 3.2
Same ratio made with dn/dSame ratio made with dn/d follows follows the low pthe low pTT R RdAudAu
RdA d2Nd+Au/dpTd
<Ncoll> d2Nppinel/dpTd
where < < Ncoll> = 7.2> = 7.2±0.3
At At =0 the central events have the =0 the central events have the ratio systematically above that of ratio systematically above that of semi-central events. We see a semi-central events. We see a reversal of behavior as we study reversal of behavior as we study events at events at =3.2=3.2
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D. Kharzeev, Y.V. Kovchegov, K. Tuchin, hep-ph/0405054 (2004)
• CGC model describes RdAu and RCP
• Suppression comes in at y > 0.6
CGC saturation model
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Recombination...
important contributions from thermal/shower partons
Parton recombination (up to moderate pT)
Variety of processes can result in suppression
Quality of data is insufficient for ruling out models
Hwa, Yang and FriesPhys.Rev.C71:024902,2005
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Summary
RAA show suppression @ 200 GeV for h+/h-
- no significant diff between h+/h-
RAA moderate/no supp @ 63 GeV (AuAu, CuCu)
RCP – not clear what's the dependency on different systems – few effects competting at intermediate pt (eg. v2)
centrality dependence of nucl. mod. factors && slow/NO dependency with η => consistency with jet surface emission (and hydro+jet model)
different mechanism of suppression for baryons and mesons – recombination?
RAA for dA consistent with CGC predictions, though quality of data is insufficient to rule out models