High Performance Manufactured Homes

Active UES Proposal Presentation to the Regional Technical Forum

April 17, 2012

Project Sponsor: Bonneville Power Administration

Presentation by: Ben Larson, Ecotope

and Tom Hewes, Northwest Energy Works

UES Analysis by: B. LarsonRTF Staff Review by: A. HadleyPresentation by: B. Larson, T. Hewes

Measure Summary

• Measure name: High Performance Manufactured Homes (HPMH)

• Measure sponsor: Bonneville Power Administration• Measure description:

– Construction of and installation of lighting and appliances in new, manufactured homes in accordance with the High Performance Manufactured Home Specification Measure type: UES

• Requesting Status: Approved• Change in measure status: Yes (proposed active)• Change in measure savings: No• Change in measure cost effectiveness: No• Other or follow-on work for RTF: No

2

Background: NEEM Program(Northwest Energy Efficient Manufactured Home)

• Built on a 25 year history of partnership with regional utilities• Support the promotion of energy efficient manufactured

homes• NEEM is a joint energy efficiency program between the

regions utilities and the regional manufactured home industry– The region’s 10 HUD (Manufactured home) and Modular (factory-built to local code)

prefab builders build to NEEM specs– NEEM is supported by 74+ utilities in the PNW and California– NEEM has a set of factory quality management procedures and inspections– Northwest Energy Works (NEW), NEEM central administrator

Problem Statements: Motivating a new Program

4

• NW has been focused on manufactured housing market for over two-decades• Over 155,000 or 68% of all new manufactured homes built

since 1989 have constructed to high efficiency standards

• Despite a $1000 per home corporate tax credit for Energy Star, little market transformation has occurred outside PNW

• Market transformation progress in the PNW is sliding due to market pressure from outside the region

The HPMH Project

• HPMH development funded by Bonneville Power Administration – Goals of the project are to get deep energy savings in this housing

sector– Program to be integrated into the existing NEEM infrastructure

• Proposed Approach– Develop a specification to address all aspects of home energy use– Provide a forum for regional equipment initiatives– Develop a new market for manufactured homes– Provide large, cost-effective, electric savings

5

Baseline in the Absence of NEEM

6

• NEEM participation dropped significantly at the end of MAP, and Energy Star participation elsewhere in the country has rather minimal market share in the absence of incentives.

•Therefore, the baseline is likely to contain no EnergyStar houses and only contain current market (non-NEEM) standard practice

Uo Baseline Specifications• Uo is the coefficient of heat transmission for the entire

structure – (Btu/hr-ft2-°F)– Conductivity per square foot of building envelope– Not including infiltration and ventilation

• “HUD+” is the current NW baseline based on current market research by WSU and NEW

7

Northwest Specific Uo ValuesType Comments Uo HUD Federal Maximum 0.079

“HUD+” Northwest Baseline 0.065NEEM Northwest Energy Efficient Manufactured Home 0.054HPMH High Performance Manufactured Home (Super NEEM) 0.040

Manufactured Homes Specifications OverviewComponent Units Baseline

"HUD+" NEEM HPMH"Super NEEM"

Envelope Ceiling R-Value R22 R38 R45

Wall R-Value R11 -- R21 R21 R21 + R5 Foam Sheathing

Window U-Value U-Value 0.4 0.34 0.22Glazing % % of CFA 12% 12% 12%Door U-Value 0.2 0.2 0.2Floor R-Value R19 R33 R38Infiltration ACH 50 4.8 3.9 3.0Ventilation Exhaust Fan Market Base EnergyStar EnergyStarUo Btu/hr-ft2-°F 0.065 0.054 0.040HVAC

Heating System Electric FAF Electric FAF DHP HSPF 10 & Wall Heaters

Cooling System none none DHP SEER 20Supply Duct Leakage % system flow 12.5% 5% No DuctsReturn Duct Leakage % system flow None - Interior None - Interior No DuctsDHW Water Heater EF 0.9 EF 0.93 EF HPWHShower Head gpm 2.5 2.5 1.75Lighting LPD W/ft2 1.4 1.4 0.6Appliances Dishwasher Market Base Market Base EnergyStarRefrigerator Market Base Market Base EnergyStar 8

UES Analysis SummaryRefer to Measure Workbook

Analysis Approach (1)

• Lighting calculated with LPD method• Appliance savings from existing RTF measures• Calibrated SEEM runs for estimating– heating, cooling, ventilation, and DHW

• DHW energy use– Parallel analysis to HPWH presented in 2011

Analysis Approach (2)• Heating, cooling, ventilation, and DHW energy use calculated with

SEEM– DHP Modeling methodology from NEEA Ductless Heat Pump Impact &

Process Evaluation: Field Metering Report• Field findings: DHP heats differing house fraction based on climate

– HZ1: 74%, HZ2: 63%, HZ3: 45%

• Calibrated SEEM to pre/post DHP installation periods at 91 houses– Unique simulations created for each house based on detailed audits– Note: energy uses here not reflective of DHP program savings – they are only

applicable here as a calibration exercise

– HPWH Modeling based on SEEM simulated annual crawl space temperature profile and HPWH COP map • HPWH installed in sound-attenuated, buffered closet which draws air from crawl space and

exhausts outdoors

11

Method Heating Energy Use (kWh/yr) NMean SDPre-Installation Billing Data 9347 3892 91Pre-Installation SEEM 66.8°F Setpoint 9331 4135 91Post-Installation Metered Data 6484 3894 91Post-Installation SEEM 69.5°F Setpoint 6466 3151 91

Measure Cost, Life, and Sunset Criteria

12

• Total Package Cost 2006 $s: $9,205– See workbook “CostSummary” & “CostData” tabs

• Measure Life: ~36-39 years– Shell: 45 years– DHP: 20 years– Ventilation Fan: 20 years– DHW: 15 years– Lights: 7.6 years– Appliances: 16 years

• Sunset Criteria:– Measure shall sunset at the end of 2013, at which time the

lighting savings UES component of the measure shall be reevaluated against the changing federal lighting standards.

13

Results

15

Energy Use, Savings, and B/C Ratio

16

Climates Total Annual Energy Use (kWh/yr) Savings (kWh/yr) (yrs)

Heating Cooling Baseline "HUD+" NEEM HPMH

"Super NEEM" HPMH to Baseline B/C Ratio

Measure Life

HZ1 CZ1 15,836 12,957 7,668 8,168 1.9 37HZ1 CZ2 15,836 12,957 7,771 8,066 1.8 37HZ1 CZ3 15,836 12,957 7,935 7,902 1.8 36HZ2 CZ1 19,597 15,567 9,239 10,358 2.3 39HZ2 CZ2 19,597 15,567 9,336 10,261 2.3 39HZ2 CZ3 19,597 15,567 9,495 10,102 2.3 38HZ3 CZ1 22,558 17,570 11,147 11,411 2.6 39HZ3 CZ2 22,558 17,570 11,235 11,323 2.6 39HZ3 CZ3 22,558 17,570 11,380 11,179 2.5 39

17

Energy Use by Load

• Significant reductions in space heating, water heating, and lighting over both “HUD+” baseline and NEEM. – Big savings from

• wall sheathing, • triple-glazed windows, • DHPs, • HPWH, and • lighting improvements

18

19

Motion for Approval

“I _________ move that the RTF approve the UES for High Performance Manufactured Homes with active status which will sunset at the end of 2013.”

20

Contacts• Northwest Energy Works

Tom Hewestom@northwestenergyworks.com888.370.3277 x101

Brady Peaksbrady@northwestenergyworks.com888.370.3277 x102

21

• Bonneville Power AdministrationMark Johnsonmejohnson@bpa.gov503.230.7669

• EcotopeBen Larsonben@ecotope.com206.322.3753 x207