High-Temperature Superconducting Generators for

Direct Drive ApplicationsOZAN KEYSANo.keysan@ed.ac.ukInstitute for Energy

SystemsThe University of

EdinburghMay 2011

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Power Applications

Courtesy AMSC, InnoPower Superconductor

Transmission Lines Fault Current Limiter

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Power Applications : Electrical Machines

Courtesy of Siemens, Converteam (ALSTOM)

Siemens: 400 kW

Converteam (ALSTOM): 5 MW HTS

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Power Applications : Electrical Machines

36.5 MW, 120 rpm (U.S. Navy, AMSC)

Courtesy of AMSC

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Wind Turbine Applications?

M. Lesser, J. Müller, “Superconductor Technology – Generating the Future of Offshore Wind Power,” BARD 5MW

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Direct-Drive Solutions

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Cost Comparison (HTSG vs. PMG)

Lesser2009

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Types of HTS Machines

Rotating DC Superconducting Field Most Common Type Transient Torques on HTS wire Cryocooler Coupler + Brushes

Low Reliability Cooling Times

Magnetized Bulk HTS Very Difficult to Handle Demagnetization

All Superconducting Machines AC Losses on HTS wire

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Reliability? Stationary SC Coil

No Cryogenic Coupler No Brushes No Transient Torque on

SC Simplified Cooling,

Isolation DC Field

No AC losses Maximized Current

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Homopolar HTSG

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Homopolar HTSG

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Axial Bipolar HTS Machine

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Bonus: Bipolar Linear HTSG Suitable for WECs

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Transversal Flux HTSG

Claw PoleRotor

Superconducting Coil (Field)

Fixed Structure

Copper Coil (Armature)

Current Direction

Moving Part

x

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Prototype < 1m Diameter 250 rpm 5 kW

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SC Winding – Cryocooler Inner Diameter:300mm Outer Diameter:400mm 125m YBCO Wire (0.1x12 mm) Excited with DC Source Liquid Nitrogen Cooled

(maybe Neon) Similar cooling system to

homopolar HTS motors.

T. Zhang, K.Haran, E.T. Laskaris,J.W. Bray, “Design and Test of a Simplified and Reliable Cooling System for High Speed Superconducting Generator Applications,”