Featuring North America’s Leading Travel Destinations

Arlington National Cemetary at 150North America’s Top Tour Destinations

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Its hard to tell where individual trav-elers be heading in 2014, which iswhy we’ve surveyed the group trav-

el market to make our annual predic-tions.

Group tours tend to be arranged byprofessional tour operators and plan-

ners, and they have a pulse on the most popular destina-tions in North America.

So in this issue we offer the results of our annual sur-vey, which we’ve Byways has published for the past 30years!

You won’t be surprised by our number one destinationfor 2014, because it came in first last year, and the yearbefore, and . . .well you get thepicture.

Somehow, being the nation’scapital, Washington DC seems tohave an unfair advantage. Withschool groups in half the countryscheduling annual trips, and withso many national monuments andmemorials -- all of which are freeto the public -- its not surprisingthat Washington is such a populardestination with groups.

Our survey did contain somesurprises, this year, however.Branson, the small Ozark commu-nity in Missouri which probablyhas more entertainers and theatersper square inch of any communityin America, made the biggestjump in recent years, jumping seven spots, and grabbingthe number two position behind Washington.

Branson edged out New York City, which traditional-ly fights with Washington for the top billing.

Also of note is the rise of Baltimore, which jumped 13places to land in the Top 10 for the first time.

In our competition for the Top Group Tour State, NewYork took the top spot, followed closely by Virginia andTennessee.

In our competition for the Top Canadian Province orTerritory, Ontario took the top position, followed byNova Scotia and Quebec.

Hampton Inn again took number 1 in the Group TourFriendly hotel competition, followed by HolidayInn/Holiday Inn Express.

Cracker Barrel took the prize in the Group Friendly

Restaurant category, followed closely by Golden Corral.Washington, DC Monuments came in first in the Man-

Made attractions category, followed by New York’sStatue of Liberty.

In the Natural Attractions category, Niagara Falls NY& ON again took first place, with the PennsylvaniaDutch Country finishing second, followed by the GrandCanyon.

You can find all the results in this issue of Byways.While its not a random survey, its always fun to gain

some barometer on where we will be traveling in the newyear.

Also in this issue, we celebrate the 150th anniversaryof Arlington National Cemetery, which came into exis-

tence during the CivilWar, and the Northsought a sight nearWashington to buryits dead.

The story ofArlington Cemetery isfascinating, and inter-twines famous fami-lies and their estatesin a game ofbrinkmanship as thecountry split intoNorth and South, andsuffered the greatestcasualties of any warin our history.

While in Arlington,we also visit two of

the Washington, DC areas newer memorials, thePentagon Memorial honoring the fallen on 9/11, and thebeautiful and overpowering Air Force Memorial, whichsoars into the skis honoring all airmen who have servedin the U.S. Air Force.

The monument is featured on the cover of this issue.In our What’s Happening section, we visit two Los

Angeles area musuems, the Hollywood Museum and thePeterson Museum. The Hollywood features four floorsof breathtaking exhibits, is home to more than 10,000authentic show biz treasures.

The Peterson features the history of the automobile inSouthern California, with a special emphasis on cars inthe movies and the stars who drove them. It’s undeergo-ing a most interesting redo in 2014.

We hope you enjoy this issue of Byways.

PREVIEWBy Steve Kirchner, Editor & Publisher

Arlington National Cemetery.

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FeaturesArlington National Cemetery at 150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Events to Commemorate Arlington Cemetery’s 150th Anniversary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18North America’s Top 50 Group Tour Destinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20The Top 50 Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Top States, Canadian Provinces and Group Friendly Hotels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Top Group Friendly Restaurants, Man-Made Atrractions and Natural Attractions. . . . . . . . . . . 24The Pentagon Memorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26The U.S. Air Force Memorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

DepartmentsByways Instant Connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Byways Preview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Advertisers Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Free Byways Subscription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

What’s HappeningThe Hollywood Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32The Petersen Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Coming in future issues of Byways…. . .Great American Railroads, Mountains and Valleys,Rivers and Lakes, OceanViews, and much more!

At right: The BransonScenic Railroad inBranson, MO is one of the railroads to befeatured in the annualGreat American Railroadsissue.

Volume 30, Issue No. 6, 2013

On the cover. Washington, D.C. Monuments and Museums areamong the most the most popular group tour destinations in NorthAmerica. Our cover features one of the newest, the Air ForceMemorial in Arlington, overlooking the nation’s capital. To learnmore, turn to page 30.

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A guard passes The Tomb of the Unknowns at Arlington National Cemetery.

Arlington NationalCemetery at 150

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The grounds of Arlington National Cemetery honorthose who have served the United States by pro-viding a sense of beauty and peace for its guests.

The rolling green hills are dotted with trees that are hun-dreds of years in age and complement the gardens foundthroughout the 624 acres of the cemetery. This impres-sive landscape serves as a tribute to the service and sac-rifice of every individual laid to rest within the hallowedgrounds of Arlington National Cemetery.

More than three million people visit ArlingtonNational Cemetery annually, many coming to pay finalrespects at graveside services, which are conducted eachweek, Monday through Saturday.

A first stop on a trip to the cemetery is the WelcomeCenter, located by the cemetery entrance, where maps,exhibits, information services (to include grave loca-tions), a bookstore, water fountains and restrooms can befound. The cemetery does not provide wheelchairs orstrollers and if you require this service you will need tobring your own.

History of Arlington HouseOn a Virginia hillside rising above the Potomac River

and overlooking Washington, D.C., stands ArlingtonHouse. The 19th-century mansion seems out of placeamid the more than 250,000 military grave sites thatstretch out around it. Yet, when construction began in1802, the estate was not intended to be a national ceme-tery.

Custis-Lee MansionThe mansion, which was intended as a living memori-

al to George Washington, was owned and constructed bythe first president's adopted grandson, GeorgeWashington Parke Custis, son of John Parke Custis whohimself was a child of Martha Washington by her firstmarriage and a ward of George Washington. Arlingtonwon out as a name over Mount Washington, which iswhat George Washington Parke Custis first intendedcalling the 1,100-acre tract of land that he had inheritedat the death of his father when he was 3. “Arlington” was

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The changing of the guard ceremony at the Tomb of theUnknowns at Arlington National Cemetery.

the name of the Custis family ancestral estate in theVirginia tidewater area.

Custis hired George Hadfield, an English architectwho came to Washington in 1785 to help construct theU.S. Capitol, to design his estate. The Greek revivalstructure which Hadfield designed took Custis sixteenyears to complete.

George Washington Parke CustisCustis’ only child, Mary Anna Randolph Custis, mar-

ried her childhood friend and distant cousin, Robert E.Lee. Lee was the son of former Virginia GovernorHenry (Light Horse Harry) Lee and was himself a grad-uate of West Point.

Between 1841 and 1857, Lee was away fromArlington House for several extended periods. In 1846he served in the Mexican War under Gen. Winfield Scott,and in 1852 he was appointed superintendent of the U.S.Military Academy at West Point, his alma mater. Afterhis father-in-law died in 1857, Lee returned to Arlingtonto join his family and to serve as executor of the estate.

Under the terms of her father's will, Mary Anna CustisLee was given the right to inhabit and control the house

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The Kennedy Grave and Eternal Flame.

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View from the Custis-Lee Mansion at Arlington National Cemetery looking down onthe Kennedy grave site, toward Memorial Bridge and the Lincoln Monument, and theWashington, D.C. skyline. Photo by Steve Kirchner.

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for the rest of her life. Custis' will also stipulated thatupon Mary Anna's death, full title would pass to her eld-est son, George Washington Custis Lee. Contrary to pop-ular belief, Robert E. Lee never owned the Arlingtonestate. Lee did serve as custodian of the property, whichhad fallen into disrepair by the time he returned to exe-cute his father-in-law's will. By 1859, Lee had returnedthe property and its holdings to profitability and goodorder.

Robert E. Lee and his wife, Mary Anna, lived atArlington House until 1861, when Virginia ratified analliance with the Confederacy and seceded from theUnion. Lee, who had been named a major general for theVirginia military forces in April 1861, feared for hiswife's safety and anticipated the loss of their familyinheritance.

Following the ratification of secession by Virginia,federal troops crossed the Potomac and, under Brig. Gen.Irvin McDowell, took up positions around Arlington.

The property was confiscated by the federal govern-ment when property taxes levied against Arlington estatewere not paid in person by Mrs. Lee. The property wasoffered for public sale Jan. 11, 1864, and was purchased14 • Byways

by a tax commissioner for "governmentuse, for war, military, charitable and educa-tional purposes."

Arlington Becomes a Cemetery

Arlington National Cemetery was estab-lished by Brig. Gen. Montgomery C.Meigs, who commanded the garrison atArlington House, appropriated the groundsJune 15, 1864, for use as a military ceme-tery. His intention was to render the houseuninhabitable should the Lee family everattempt to return.

A stone and masonry burial vault in therose garden, 20 feet wide and 10 feet deep,and containing the remains of 1,800 BullRun casualties, was among the first monu-ments to Union dead erected under Meigs'orders. Meigs himself was later buriedwithin 100 yards of Arlington House withhis wife, father and son; the final statementto his original order.

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The Memorial Amphitheater

The federal gov-ernment dedicateda model communi-ty for freed slaves,F r e e d m a n ' sVillage, near thecurrent MemorialAmphitheater, onDec. 4, 1863.More than 1,100freed slaves weregiven land by theg o v e r n m e n t ,where they farmedand lived duringand after the CivilWar.

Neither RobertE. Lee, nor hiswife, as title hold-er, ever attemptedto publicly recovercontrol ofArlington House.

They were buried at Washington University(later renamed Washington and Lee University)where Lee had served as president. The couplenever returned to the home George WashingtonParke Custis had built and treasured. After Gen.Lee's death in 1870, George Washington CustisLee brought an action for ejectment in theCircuit Court of Alexandria (today Arlington)County, Va. Custis Lee, as eldest son of Gen.and Mrs. Lee, claimed that the land had beenillegally confiscated and that, according to hisgrandfather's will, he was the legal owner.

In December 1882, the U.S. Supreme Court,in a 5-4 decision, returned the property to CustisLee, stating that it had been confiscated withoutdue process.

On March 3, 1883, Congress purchased theproperty from Lee for $150,000. It became amilitary reservation and Freedman's Villageceased to exist; however, the gravesites thatwere once part of the village remained on thegrounds of the reservation.

Arlington House (Custis-Lee Mansion) andits grounds are administered by the NationalPark Service.

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Often associated withthe game of Baseball,

Abner Doubleday, was aMajor General in the

U.S. Army .

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Arlington National Cemetery will host a series ofspecial events from May through June 2014designed to honor the traditions, remember the

sacrifice and explore the history of the cemetery as itcommemorates its 150th anniver-sary.

The commemoration periodbegins with a wreath laying cere-mony on May 13 at the gravesite ofArmy Pvt. William Christman, whowas the first military burial atArlington, and concludes with awreath laying ceremony at theTomb of the Unknown Soldier onJune 15, the day Arlington official-ly became a national cemetery. Thecemetery will also host informativelectures and tours that highlight thehistory of the United States throughthe eyes of its heroes buried atArlington and the military conflictsthat shaped the cemetery and thenation.

The highlight of the commemoration will be an obser-vance program on the evening of June 13 that will fea-ture historical vignettes and musical performances. Theevent is free and open to the public.

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Events to Commemorate Arlington National Cemetery’s 150th Anniversary

View from Arlington Cemetery looking down upon the Pentagon.

“Arlington National Cemetery is America’s premiermilitary cemetery and a sacred treasure in our nation’shistory. We are pleased to host a series of events to markthis special occasion,” said Patrick K. Hallinan, execu-tive director of Army National Military Cemeteries.May 13, 2014: Wreath Laying Ceremony at the grave

of Pvt. William Christman, the first military burialat ArlingtonMay 13, 2014: Arlington National Cemetery 150th

Anniversary Book Release Reception at the Women InMilitary Service for America MemorialMay 19, 2014: Special Guided Tour: The American

Civil WarMay 20, 2014: Special Guided Tour: Uncle Sam’s

Little WarsMay 21, 2014: Special Guided Tour: World War I:

Bringing our Heroes Home. May 22, 2014: SpecialGuided Tour: World War II: The Greatest GenerationMay 23, 2014: Special Guided Tour: U.S. Military and

the Cold WarMay 30, 2014: Renaming ceremony for the Old

Amphitheater, immediately following Decoration DayObservance hosted by the Sons of Union Veterans of

the Civil War

June 2, 2014: Special Guided Tour: The AmericanCivil WarJune 3, 2014: Special Guided Tour: World War I:

Bringing our Heroes HomeJune 4, 2014: Special Guided Tour: Late 20th Century

to the PresentJune 5, 2014: Special Guided Tour: Monuments and

MemorialsJune 6, 2014: Special Guided Tour: Medal of HonorJune 13, 2014: “Arlington at 150” Observance

Program: A tribute to Arlington’s Past, Present andFutureJune 15, 2014: Wreath Laying Ceremony at the

Memorial Amphitheater, Tomb of the Unknown SoldierAdditional information related to “Arlington at 150”

events can be found at www.arlingtoncemetery.mil.Arlington National Cemetery is committed to honor-

ing the legacy of our fallen heroes, veterans and theirfamilies through dignified military interment services.The work that Arlington is undertaking today will furtherenable the cemetery to be a place for people to Honor,Remember and Explore this nation’s rich history wellinto the future.

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Philip Kearny, Civil War General buried at Arlington National Cemetery, has astatue in his honor, one of only two equestrian statues at Arlington.

Looking toward the new year, Byways Magazinehas again surveyed the leading tour operators inNorth America to determine where their groups

will be traveling in 2014.This year’s responses from tour operators more than

doubled that from last year, a direct result of the first on-line survey conducted by Byways. While not a randomsurvey, for more than 30 years the compilation of resultsfrom this annual survey has provided a goodindication of where groups will be traveling.

It’s no surprise that the Nation’s Capitalhas again taken the crown as the most pop-ular group tour destination in NorthAmerica.

The surprise, however, was the strongshowing of Branson, MO, the small OzarkMountain community which remains one ofthe most popular group tour destinations.Branson jumped seven spots in this year’svoting, to come in at number two, and edg-ing out last year’s second place finisher,New York City. Chicago followed closelybehind New York,

Another surprise was the strength ofBaltimore, which jumped 13 spots to finishin the top 10 for the first time, at number 7.

Rounding out the top 10 were Williamsburg, VA,Nashville, TN, Niagara Falls, NY & ON, Gettysburg,PA, and Pigeon Forge, TN.

The Top 30 StatesNew York State was the most popular group tourstate for the second consecutive year, followedclosely by Virginia and Tennessee.

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North America’s Top 50Group Tour Destinations

Branson Landing. Bransonjumped to the number two spotin this year’s poll.

The Lincoln Memorial inWashington, D.C.

Rounding out the Top 10 States were Pennsylvania,Illinois, Georgia, Missouri, Massachusetts, SouthCarolina and North Carolina.

The Top 5 CanadianProvincesFor the first time we surveyed the Canadian

Provinces and Territories for their popularity asgroup tour destinations.

Ontario came in first place, followed by Nova Scotia,Quebec, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick.

The Top 10 Group TourFriendly HotelsOnce again, Hampton Inns moved into sole posi-

tion of first place, after finishing in a tie a yearago with Holiday Inns/Holiday Inns Express,

which finished second this year. They were followed byDrury Inns, Comfort Inns and Fairfield Inns.

The Top 5 Group TourFriendly RestaurantsCracker Barrel again took the top spot in this cate-

gory, followed closely by Golden Corral andBuca de Beppo.

Top 10 Natural AttractionsThis year we expanded this category to 10 natural

attractions, but that didn’t change the fact thatNiagara Falls in New York and Ontario, continues

as the most popular group tour natural attractions inNorth America.

Pennsylvania Dutch Country moved up to the secondspot, followed by the Grand Canyon in Arizona, theBlack Hills of South Dakota, Yellowstone National Park.

15 Man-Made AttractionsIt’s not easy to top Washington, D.C.’s Monuments,and when you throw in the Smithsonian, it’s virtuallyimpossible. Not only are these among the most

impressive attractions in the country, they represent hon-or and country, and don’t forget free admission as well.

New York’s Statue of Liberty, Nashville’s Grand OleOpry, Pigeon Forge’s Dollywood and South Dakota’sMount Rushmore rounded out the Top 5.

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Baltimore’s Inner Harbour. USS Constellation, constructed in 1854, is asloop-of-war and the second United States Navy ship to carry the name.

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The Top 50 Group Tour Destinations1. Washington, DC2. Branson, MO3. New York City, NY4. Chicago, IL5. Williamsburg, VA6. Nashville, TN7. Baltimore, MD8. Niagara Falls, NY & ON9. Gettysburg, PA10. Pigeon Forge, TN11. Las Vegas, NV12. Virginia Beach, VA13. Atlanta, GA14. San Francisco, CA15. Philadelphia, PA16. Lancaster, PA17. Boston, MA18. Hershey, PA19. Charleston, SC20. Orlando, FL21. New Orleans, LA22. Cape Cod, MA23. Mackinaw Island, MI24. Atlantic City, NJ25. San Antonio, TX26. Richmond, VA27. Myrtle Beach, SC28. Asheville, NC29. Memphis, TN30. Biloxi-Gulfport, MS31. Los Angeles, CA32. St. Louis, MO33. Albuquerque, NM34. San Diego, CA35. Dallas-Ft. Worth, TX36. Cleveland, OH37. Louisville, KY38. Quebec City, QB39. Colorado Springs, CO40. Phoenix, AZ41. Pittsburgh, PA42. Montreal, QB

43. Seattle, WA44. Denver, CO45. Toronto, ON46. Valley Forge, PA47. Reno, NV48. Detroit, MI49. Savannah, GA50. Annapolis, MD

Honorable MentionAlexandria, VA Anchorage, AKAustin, TXBoise, IDCincinnati, OHIndianapolis, INKansas City, MOLas Cruces, NMLexington, KYLittle Rock, ARMinneapolis-St Paul, MNMobile, ALMonterey, CAOcean City, MDOklahoma City, OKPalm Springs, CAPortland, ORSacramento, CATampa, FLTucson, AZWheeling, WV

The beach and boardwalk at VirginiaBeach. Photo courtesy Jason Pratt.

Top 30 States

1. New York2. Virginia3. Tennessee4. Pennsylvania5. Illinois 6. Georgia7. Missouri8. Massachusetts9. South Carolina10. North Carolina11. Florida

12. Michigan13. Ohio14. Maryland15. Texas16. California17. Kentucky18. West Virginia19. Nebraska20. Mississippi21. Vermont22. New Jersey23. Arizona24. South Dakota25. Louisiana26. Colorado27. Connecticut

28. Wisconsin29. Indiana30. Nevada

Top 5 CanadianProvices

1. Ontario2. Nova Scotia3. Quebec4. Prince Edward Island5. New Brunswick

Top 10 GroupFriendly Hotels

1. Hampton Inns2. Holiday Inns/Holiday Inns Express3. Drury Inns4. Comfort Inns5. Fairfield Inns6. Best Western7. Hilton8. La Quinta9. Embassy Suites10. Marriott

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The Governor’s Palace at ColonialWilliamsburg in Virginia. Photo courtesyLarry Pieniazek.

Top 5 GroupFriendly Restaurants1. Cracker Barrel2. Golden Corral3. Buca de Beppo4. Bubba Gump5. Tie: Bob Evans

Phillips Restaurants

Top 15 Man-MadeAttractions1. Washington Monuments2. Statue of Liberty3. Grand Ole Opry4. Dollywood5. Mount Rushmore6. Radio City Music Hall7. Elvis Presley’s Graceland8. Henry Ford Museum9. Mount Vernon

10. Kennedy Space Center11. New York’s Broadway12. Six Flags13. Disney World14. Universal Studios15. Tie: Busch Gardens

Sea World Parks

Top 10 Natural Attractions1. Niagara Falls, NY & ON2. Pennsylvania Dutch Country3. Grand Canyon, AZ4. Black Hills, SD5. Yellowstone National Park,WY & MT6. Yosemite National Park, CA7. Shenandoah NationalPark/Skyline Drive, VA8. Glacier National Park9. Redwood National Forest, CA10. The Poconos, PA

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Niagara Falls, New York. Photo courtesy Daniel Mayer.

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To honor the 184 victims of the 9/11 attack, 184 illuminatedbenches have been arranged according to the victim's ages,starting with Dana Falkenberg, 3, to John Yamnicky Sr., 71,in a landscaped 1.93-acre plot. Photo by Steve Kirchner.

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One of Washington’s newest memorials, ThePentagon Memorial is located just southwest ofThe Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia.

It is a permanent outdoor memorial to the 184 men andwomen who died as victims in the building and onAmerican Airlines Flight 77 during the September 11,2001 attacks.

Exactly 60 years to the day after the groundbreakingceremony of the Pentagon, the September 11, 2001attacks occurred.

American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the west sideof the Pentagon after being hijacked, killing all aboard aswell as over a hundred people within the Pentagon.

The flight penetrated three of the five rings of thePentagon. Because the affected area was under renova-tion at the time, several offices were unoccupied, sparingmany lives. The aircraft struck on the edge between twosections—one of which had just finished being upgrad-ed.

The Pentagon Memorial, designed by Julie Beckmanand Keith Kaseman of the architectural firm of KasemanBeckman Advanced Strategies with engineers BuroHappold, opened to the public on September 11, 2008.

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To commemorate the anniversary each year, an Americanflag is hung on the section of the Pentagon hit by Flight 77.At night, this section of the building is lit up in blue lights.

America’s Heroes Memorial

Located inside the Pentagon, America'sHeroes Memorial opened in September 2002after Pentagon repairs were completed. Thechapel is located where American AirlinesFlight 77 crashed into the building.

The memorial includes a book of photo-graphs and biographies of the victims. It alsoincludes five large black acrylic panels: onedisplays the Purple Heart medal awarded tomilitary members killed, another shows themedal given to civilians, two back wall panelsare etched with the victims' names, and a cen-ter panel shows tribute statements. The smallchapel, located in an adjacent room, has stainedglass windows with patriotic-themed designs.

Dedicated in 2008, the outdoor PentagonMemorial is designed to honor the 184 victims.184 illuminated benches have been arrangedaccording to the victim's ages, starting withDana Falkenberg, 3, to John Yamnicky Sr., 71,in a landscaped 1.93-acre plot.

Each bench is engraved with the name of avictim. The benches representing the victimsthat were inside the Pentagon are arranged sothose reading the names face the Pentagon'ssouth facade, where the plane hit; benches ded-icated to victims aboard the plane are arrangedso that those reading the engraved name is fac-

ing skyward along the path the plane traveled. If more than one member of a family died during the

attack, family names are listed in the reflecting poolunder the bench, in addition to the separate benches thathave been created for each individual. A wall along theedge of the Memorial begins at a height of 3 inches andrises to a height of 71 inches, the ages of the youngestand oldest victim of the attack, and approximately 85paperbark maple trees are planted on the memorialgrounds.

To commemorate the anniversary each year, anAmerican flag is hung on the section of the Pentagon hitby Flight 77. At night, this section of the building is litup in blue lights.

Memorial services are held on the anniversary of 9/11at the Pentagon, with one service in an auditorium at thePentagon for employees. A smaller service is held at thememorial site for family and friends of victims killed atthe Pentagon on 9/11.

To view the America’s Heroes Memorial, a PentagonTour is required to enter the building. The PentagonMemorial is open to the public.

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85 paperbark maple trees areplanted on thememorial grounds.

A family walks the memorial grounds.

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The United States Air Force Memorial honors theservice of the personnel of the United States AirForce and its predecessors. The Memorial is locat-

ed in Arlington, Virginia, on the grounds of Fort Myernear The Pentagon and Arlington National Cemetery.

The Memorial itself is 270 feet high and appears to besoaring. Its array of arcs against the sky evokes a mod-ern image of flight by jet and space vehicles. At the sametime, it enshrines the past in permanent remembrance ofthe pioneers of flight who came before, and pays hom-age to those of the future.

The three memorial spires range from 201 feet to 270feet high and appear to be soaring; its array of stainlesssteel arcs against the sky evoke the image of "contrails ofthe Air Force Thunderbirds as they peel back in a preci-sion 'bomb burst' maneuver." Only three of the four con-trails are depicted, at 120 degrees from each other, as theabsent fourth suggests the missing man formation tradi-tionally used at Air Force funeral fly-overs.

The pedestrian approach to the spires is from the west.South of the approach, before the inscription wall, stand

four 8-foot-tall bronze statues of the Memorial's HonorGuard, sculpted by Zenos Frudakis. To the north, this islinked by a stone plaza to the glass contemplation wall, afree-standing glass panel with the images of four F-16sflying in a Missing man formation engraved on bothsides of the 5-ply panel. Except for the informationkiosks outside the administration building, it is the onlypart of the memorial that depicts aircraft.

The two inscription walls are located at each end of thecentral lawn.

The north wall bears the names of Air Force recipientsof the Medal of Honor, and the south wall bears inspira-tional quotations regarding core values, particularly theAir Force's three core values: "integrity first, servicebefore self, and excellence in all we do".

The Memorial is open every day of the year exceptChristmas Day. There is no charge to visit the site.

April 1st - September 30th: 8 a.m. - 11 p.m.October 1st - March 31st: 8 a.m. - 9 p.m.

United States Air Force Memorial

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The Hollywood Museum, the official museum ofHollywood, has the most extensive collection ofHollywood memorabilia in the world.

The museum, featuring four floors of breathtakingexhibits, is home to more than 10,000 authentic show biztreasures– one of a kind costumes, props, photographs,

scripts, stars’ car collections and personal artifacts,posters, and vintage memorabilia from favorite films andTV shows. The museum also showcases the history ofHollywood and the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 

See hundreds of costumes on display, includingMarilyn Monroe’s million dollar dress, Elvis’ personalbathrobe, I Love Lucy, Superman, Star Trek,Transformers, Glee, High School Musical, MichaelJackson, Leonardo DiCaprio, plus Rocky’s boxinggloves, Sopranos, Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman,Beyoncé… See Lucy, Judy, Kate and all the greats! Plusthe Rat Pack, Jurassic Park, Baywatch, Jaws, Planet ofthe Apes, The Flintstones, Harry Potter, Miley Cyrus,George Clooney, Jennifer Lopez, Brad Pitt and AngelinaJolie…and more!!!

The building that houses today’s Hollywood Museum

at 1660 North Highland at Hollywood Boulevard inHollywood was originally purchased by Max Factor,legendary make-up artist to the stars, in 1928, justmoments before the Great Depression. It would not beuntil 1935 that it was finally opened. Famed architect S.Charles Lee designed it in the so-called Hollywoodregency art deco style. Lee was celebrated for his designof many of the grand motion picture theaters in LosAngeles as well as hotels and other signature buildings inthe city and elsewhere in California.

Through Max Factor this became much more than anelegant building. For the first time in history movie stars,women of high society and working women were allable to go to a public place for their make-up without thestigma of being called “hussies.”

It took nine years to restore the Max Factor Building toits original grandeur and The Hollywood Museumopened in 2003. Back in all its glory was the lobby, an artdeco gem— with its white and rose-colored oasis of lav-ish marble, re-created historical chandeliers, pastel hues,antique furniture, trompe l’oeil, faux finishes with 22kt.gold and silver leafing.

32 • Byways

The Hollywood Museum

Betty Grable in the late 1940s.

The ground floor houses many original displays fromthe old Max Factor Make-up Studio with one room forblondes (used by Marilyn Monroe) and another for

redheads (Lucille Ball). Lucille Ball was not an originalredhead. It was Max Factor who designed her hair colorand the make-up to go with it.

The Hollywood Museum features four floors ofexhibits (two floors above the lobby and a basementbelow), offering more than 35,000 square feet of exhibitspace—that’s seven times the size of the nearbyGuinness World of Record Museum, almost four timesthe size of the neighboring Ripley’s Believe It Or NotMuseum and five times larger than the Warner Bros.Museum.

When the museum opened its doors in 2003 it wasopen just two days a week. It has since become one of themost popular tourist destinations in Hollywood and isnow open five days a week.

The museum has held many special events. A highlightof 2011 was a reunion of people who worked on the “ILove Lucy” show in celebration of Lucille Ball’s 100thbirthday and the 60th anniversary of the show. Guestsincluded Lucille and Desi’s daughter, Lucy Arnaz.Members of the public are able to view a special LucilleBall exhibit. Later that year a recital entitled “FromRussia With Love” was held with two internationallyrenowned concert pianists, both of them former winnersof the José Iturbi contest.

http://www.thehollywoodmuseum.com

Byways • 33

What’s HappeningWhat’s Happening

The Art Deco Lobby of the Hollywood Museum.

The Petersen Automotive Museum has announcedthat it will mark its 20th anniversary in 2014 bycommencing a complete exterior transformation

and a dynamic redesign of the interior, resulting in aworld class museum that will showcase the art, experi-ence, culture and heritage of the automobile. Displayswill feature the prominence of the automo-bile in Southern California, as well as cars,trucks and motorcycles from around theworld.

In addition to the facility upgrade, the newPetersen will feature a refined and upgradedpermanent collection and an expansion ofrotating displays, galleries, technology andstory-telling, providing visitors with fresh,new experiences throughout the year.

The exterior design by Kohn Pedersen FoxAssociates will transform the Petersen build-ing into one of the most significant andunforgettable structures in Los Angeles.

“As we approach the Petersen AutomotiveMuseum’s 20th anniversary, our goal is todesign and build an exterior as stunning as

the vehicles and displays housed inside,” said PeterMullin, the Petersen’s Chairman of the Board. “For twodecades this museum has charmed visitors with its fan-tastic collection and its focus on education and entertain-ment. Our plan is to work with the best and brightestminds in architecture, automotive history and interactive

34 • Byways

Peterson Automotive Museum To Undergo Stunning Redesign

Peterson Museum, Los Angels.Photo courtesy Michael Riehl.

The exterior redesign of the museum.Photo courtesy Petersen Museum.

design to give the people of Los Angeles and theworld a place where they can be immersed in theculture, sights and sounds of the greatest vehiclesever built.”

The transformation will extend to the muse-um’s interior as well, with a proposed additional15,000 square feet of display space. Redesignedgalleries will feature state-of-the-art lighting, dig-ital displays and immersive learning stations thatwill tell the stories of the people and machinesthat changed the world over the past century.Education programs will showcase a restored andupgraded permanent collection that includes his-torically significant American and European clas-sics, hot rods, groundbreaking race cars, the latestin alternative fuel technology, cars withHollywood heritage and even vehicles designedand built in Los Angeles itself.

Situated on Wilshire Boulevard west of downtown ina museum-heavy stretch known as the Miracle Mile, thePetersen museum opened in 1994 under the patronage ofthe publishing magnate Robert E. Petersen, the latefounder of Hot Rod and Motor Trend magazines. The

modern building, a former department store built in1962, includes two floors of exhibits totaling about 150cars, plus an underground vault of some 300 stored carsthat only recently opened to public tours.

http://www.Petersen.org

Byways • 35

Peterson Museum, Los Angels.Photo courtesy Michael Riehl.

The HollywoodGallery at the Petersen Museum

Cars and movies are among the most influentialtechnologies of the twentieth century. Born in thesame era, Hollywood and Detroit developed on

parallel paths and rapidly achieved substantial economicand cultural power.

Together, they revolutionized leisure time and came tosymbolize glamour and mechanized utility to theAmerican public. Early Hollywood director Cecil B.DeMille famously remarked that the American “love ofmotion and speed” was embodied in the two industries.By the end of the 1920s, the Big Three in Detroit hademerged to dominate American car consumption whilemoviemaking came to be concentrated into five majorstudios, all in the Los Angeles area.

On camera, cars indicate the wealth and social rank ofthe characters while simultaneously helping to establisha time and place. Behind the scenes, they serve as mov-ing camera platforms and support vehicles. Off the set,they become an integral part of the glamorous celebritylifestyle.

From the movie Grease. Photocourtesy Petersen Museum.

36 • Byways

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From the movie Batman. Photo courtesy Petersen Mu-

From the movie The Great Race.Photo courtesy Petersen Museum.

38 • Byways

Byways is published bi-monthly by Byways, Inc. and distributed electronically throughout North America.Byways is emailed to more than 4000 tour operators plus selected travel agencies through the internet. Subscriptionsare complimentary. An iPad & iPhone version is available for consumers in iTunes and Newsstand in the App Store.

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