Historic view of Slovenia

Author: Miha PovhMentor: Neva Čebron

• The prehistoric ages: - The remains of the Stone age human residence were

found in Potok Cave on Mount Olševa in the 1920s and the 1930s which marked the beginning of Paleolithic research in Slovenia

- The remains of pile dwellings were found in Ljubljana

marshes which are over 4500 years old.

Mount Olševa

Reconstruction of pile dweling

• The Roman period:

- In the Iron Age the present-day eastern Slovenia was conquered by Romans and they divided

the eastern Slovenian territory into two provinces (Pannonia, Noricum)

- What is now called western Slovenia was directly under Roman Italy as a part of the region

Venetia et Histria

- The Romans also established posts at Ljubljana (Emona), Ptuj (Poetovio) and Celje (Celeia)

Pannonia Noricum

Venetia et Histria

- The era of Carantania and Carniola:

• Carantania, also known as Carentania was a Slavic

principality that emerged in the second half of the 7th

century in the territory of present-day southern Austria

and north-eastern Slovenia.

• Carniola was a southeastern state of the Holy Roman

Empire in the High Middle Ages. It corresponded

roughly to the central Carniolan region of present-day

Slovenia.

-from Middle Ages to early modern period:

• The counts of Celje, a feudal family from this area who in 1436 acquired the title of state

princes, were the most powerful competitors for Habsburg. This large dynasty, important at

a European political level, had its seat in Slovene territory but died out in 1456. Its numerous

large estates subsequently became the property of the Habsburgs, who retained control of

the area right up until the beginning of the 20th century.

• At the end of the Middle Ages, the Slovene lands suffered a serious economic and

demographic setback because of the Turkish raids. In 1515, a peasant revolt spread across

nearly the whole Slovene territory. In 1572 there was

a huge Slovenian - Croatian peasant revolt, which

ended badly for its participants.

Death of Matija Gubec, the starter of 1572 revolt

• The era of Napoleon :- The Illyrian Provinces was an autonomous province of the Napoleonic French

Empire on the north and east coasts of the Adriatic Sea between 1809 and 1816 (in Slovenia till 1813). Its capital was established at Laybach (modern-day Ljubljana in Slovenia). The name "Illyrian" was used to refer to ancient Illyrians who once lived in the area of the Dalmatian coast, which was known as Illyria in antiquity.

• The era of Slovenian Nation Building:

From 1750 till 1848 was the beginning of Slovenian Spring. Some of the most important people in Slovenian history were active at that time:

- Marko Pohlin (first Slovenian grammar)- France Prešeren (first secular poetry)- A.T. Linhart (first secular drama work)- A. Vodnik (First Slovenian newspaper)- Jurij Japelj (modern translation of bible in Slovenian language)- Jožef Blaznik

Map of Slovenian lands

Jurij Japelj

Valentin Vodnik Marko PohlinFrance Prešeren

Anton Tomaž Linhart

• World war I and world war II :

- World War I resulted in heavy casualties for Slovenes, particularly on the twelve Battles of the Isonzo, which took place in what is nowadays Slovenia's western border area. Hundreds of thousands of Slovene conscripts were drafted in the Austro-Hungarian Army, and over 30,000 of them lost their lives

- Slovenia began the Second World War with invasion of Axis Power in Yugoslavia on 6 April 1941.

-In 1945, Yugoslavia liberated itself and shortly after that became a nominally federal

Communist state. Slovenia joined the federation as a socialist republic; its own Communist Party was formed in 1937.

Battles of the Isonzo

Battles of the Isonzo

Invasion of Yugoslavia

• The birth of Slovenia: - The first clear demand for Slovene independence was made in 1987 by a group of

intellectuals in the 57th edition of the magazine Nova revija. Demands for democratisation and increase of Slovenian independence were sparked off. A mass democratic movement, coordinated by the Committee for the Defense of Human Rights, pushed the Communists in the direction of democratic reforms.

- On 23 December 1990, more than 88% of the electorate voted for a sovereign and

independent Slovenia

- On 25 June, Slovenia became independent

Thank You For Your Attention