historical globalization and imperialism
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HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION AND IMPERIALISM. The Silk road Capitalism Industrialization Imperialism. THE SILK ROAD. The desire for rare treats was an early prompter of international trade Over time extensive trading routes developed overland and overseas - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
HISTORICAL HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION AND
IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISMThe Silk roadThe Silk roadCapitalismCapitalismIndustrializationIndustrializationImperialismImperialism
THE SILK ROADTHE SILK ROAD The desire for rare treats was an early The desire for rare treats was an early
prompter of international tradeprompter of international trade Over time extensive trading routes Over time extensive trading routes
developed overland and overseasdeveloped overland and overseas The oldest and longest trading network The oldest and longest trading network
was known as the was known as the Silk RoadSilk Road It was a network of trails involving river It was a network of trails involving river
valleys, mountain ranges, and desertsvalleys, mountain ranges, and deserts Beginning in the first century Beginning in the first century AD/CEAD/CE, ,
merchants diplomats and travellers used merchants diplomats and travellers used the routes that the routes that stretched from the stretched from the Roman Empire in the west to China in Roman Empire in the west to China in the eastthe east
THE SILK ROAD ROUTESTHE SILK ROAD ROUTES
THE SILK ROAD ROUTESTHE SILK ROAD ROUTES Exchanges were not only economic, but cultural, Exchanges were not only economic, but cultural,
scientific, religious, linguisticscientific, religious, linguistic Cities along the routes became cultural and Cities along the routes became cultural and
artistic capitals, as well as centers of commerceartistic capitals, as well as centers of commerce Mercantilism Mercantilism a system of regulated a system of regulated
international trade promoted by the European international trade promoted by the European governments, designed to make European governments, designed to make European monarchs rich emergedmonarchs rich emerged
In the 1500s, In the 1500s, Spain, England, France and Spain, England, France and PortugalPortugal sponsored sponsored coloniescolonies in search of in search of natural resourcesnatural resources
Major companies including Major companies including the Dutch and the Dutch and British East India companiesBritish East India companies developed developed
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfe-eNq-Qyg&safe=active
THE SILK ROAD ROUTESTHE SILK ROAD ROUTES Mercantilism was Mercantilism was EurocentricEurocentric, putting , putting
the needs of the Europeans above the the needs of the Europeans above the needs of the Indigenous peoplesneeds of the Indigenous peoples
Some partnerships were founded on Some partnerships were founded on respect, but that was not the normrespect, but that was not the norm
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John Cabot, claimed what is today Newfoundland shortly after the voyages of Columbus
THE NAMES FOR CAPITALISMTHE NAMES FOR CAPITALISM
MARKET ECONOMY CAPITALISM
FREE ENTERPRISE
PRIVATE ENTERPRISE
EARLY CAPITALISMEARLY CAPITALISM
The 18The 18thth century was a time for century was a time for challenging challenging conventionalconventional ideas ideas
François Quesney and A.R.J. Turgot François Quesney and A.R.J. Turgot led the fight for economic freedom led the fight for economic freedom during the French revolutionduring the French revolution
Adam Smith(1723-1790) solidified his Adam Smith(1723-1790) solidified his views in his work views in his work The Wealth of The Wealth of NationsNations
BASIC BELIEFS OF CAPITALISMBASIC BELIEFS OF CAPITALISM
private propertyprivate property price system based on supply and price system based on supply and
demanddemand competitioncompetition freedom to buy and sellfreedom to buy and sell the profit motivethe profit motive Minimal government intervention in Minimal government intervention in
economyeconomy inequalities of wealthinequalities of wealth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eP6iujgeWI&safe=active
COMPETITION AND FREEDOMCOMPETITION AND FREEDOM Key to Smith’s beliefs was the role of Key to Smith’s beliefs was the role of
entrepreneursentrepreneurs He believed the people were basically He believed the people were basically
greedy, but greedy, but society would benefit from society would benefit from this greedthis greed
However, from the earliest stages there However, from the earliest stages there were many who were critical of the were many who were critical of the capitalist philosophycapitalist philosophy
However one must understand that However one must understand that capitalism is the foundation of capitalism is the foundation of economic globalization todayeconomic globalization today
ALTERNATIVES TO CAPITALISMALTERNATIVES TO CAPITALISM
John Stuart MillJohn Stuart Mill thought that government thought that government should enact laws to protect workersshould enact laws to protect workers
Karl MarxKarl Marx came up with the concept of came up with the concept of Central planning, where people work for Central planning, where people work for government-owned and government-government-owned and government-controlled enterprisescontrolled enterprises
Russia, China and CubaRussia, China and Cuba have all used have all used central planning systems central planning systems
In recent years many of these economies In recent years many of these economies have taken steps towards capitalismhave taken steps towards capitalism
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INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATION Quite simply Quite simply the shift from home based the shift from home based
production using highly skilled production using highly skilled craftspeople, to factory based craftspeople, to factory based production using semi-skilled workersproduction using semi-skilled workers
In England the transformation was so In England the transformation was so dramatic the term dramatic the term Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution was appliedwas applied
Cottage industriesCottage industries are places where a are places where a skilled craftsman does work by hand from skilled craftsman does work by hand from the raw material to finished product stagethe raw material to finished product stage
INDUSTRIALIZATIONINDUSTRIALIZATION New inventions helped both the consistency of New inventions helped both the consistency of
products and the volume, which translated into products and the volume, which translated into lower costs for the consumerlower costs for the consumer
In the early days, factory workers were in In the early days, factory workers were in abundance, as a result they were treated poorly, abundance, as a result they were treated poorly, paid poorly, and worked in unsafe and dangerous paid poorly, and worked in unsafe and dangerous conditionsconditions
There were no protections for factory workersThere were no protections for factory workers Soon some enlightened thinkers like Soon some enlightened thinkers like Robert OwenRobert Owen
tried to improve the conditions for workers at his tried to improve the conditions for workers at his New LanarkNew Lanark factory factory
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IMPERIALISM AND IMPERIALISM AND EUROCENTRISMEUROCENTRISM
ImperialismImperialism is an association that is an association that intentionally benefits one country over intentionally benefits one country over anotheranother
It is It is accomplished byaccomplished by laying claim to laying claim to territories inhabited by indigenous territories inhabited by indigenous peoples, and seizing land and peoples, and seizing land and resources through conflict or warfare, resources through conflict or warfare, and finally imposing political controland finally imposing political control
During the 17During the 17thth and 18 and 18thth centuries centuries European competition in imperialism European competition in imperialism was at its apexwas at its apex
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTjBNppdk-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTjBNppdk-M&feature=related&safe=active M&feature=related&safe=active
Who do each of the figures in the cartoon represent? In what ways is the cartoon a commentary on old style imperialism? Who is the cartoon sympathetic to? Who is it critical of? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_HIWmA&feature=related&safe=active
EUROPEAN IMPERIALISMEUROPEAN IMPERIALISM There were There were three distinct formsthree distinct forms of of
imperialism practiced by the Europeansimperialism practiced by the Europeans• ColoniesColonies, territories that belonged to a , territories that belonged to a
European country, it was completely subject to European country, it was completely subject to that European countrythat European country
• Protectorate, Protectorate, an area that maintained it’s an area that maintained it’s own sovereignty but was guided by a European own sovereignty but was guided by a European CountryCountry
• Sphere of influence, Sphere of influence, an area in which a an area in which a European country attempted to control both European country attempted to control both politics and economicspolitics and economics
TRADE AND IMPERIALISMTRADE AND IMPERIALISM
The European countries imported The European countries imported raw raw materialsmaterials from colonies and then from colonies and then produced produced finished goodsfinished goods using those using those materials, which were than market back to materials, which were than market back to the source countriesthe source countries
In order to maintain this arrangement, In order to maintain this arrangement, European countries often impeded European countries often impeded industrial development in their colonies, industrial development in their colonies, and placed restricted trading practicesand placed restricted trading practices
THE IMPACTS OF IMPERIALISMTHE IMPACTS OF IMPERIALISM Indigenous peoples were often Indigenous peoples were often
displaceddisplaced Indigenous systems of government Indigenous systems of government
and commerce were replaced by and commerce were replaced by European systemsEuropean systems
Exploitation of raw materials by Exploitation of raw materials by Colonizing nationsColonizing nations
Loss of Indigenous cultures and Loss of Indigenous cultures and languageslanguages
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu6-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu6-TLC0NRQ&feature=related&safe=active TLC0NRQ&feature=related&safe=active