historical presumptions of social communication development ing. jiří Šnajdar 2013
TRANSCRIPT
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Epoch of indications and signals
• More than 70 million years, Hominid
• Australophithecus africanus 4 million years the oldest discoveries,
• Homo habilis before 2 million years,
• Homo erectus before 1,5 million years,
• Homo sapiens before 0,5 million years.
• Since September 2007 is in the USA exhibited a skeleton of Lucy, an ape-human 3,2 million years old, discovered in Ethiopia in the year 1974, together with a true model in living size
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Epoch of ear (speaking and language)
• Hypothesis about origin of human language : circumstances of language origin – about 90 thousand years, the oldest opinions – gods, primitive language – common word roots, diversification – migration, agriculture, settlement – English language.
• Homo sapiens – before 90 thousand years.
• Manufacture development, usage of metal instruments,
• Pasturage development, agriculture, plough,
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Epoch of ear (speaking and language)
• First private ownership,
• Creating of patriarchal family, base of parentage relationships,
• Trade, pottery, weaver development,
• Trade and agriculture separation = barter,
• Increasing of work productivity = formation of slavery,
• Progressive state formation
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Epoch of eye (writing)
• Egypt – beginning 3000 year BC
• Mesopotania – dtto
• Crete – 2000 years BC (Minoan culture)
• China and Korea – 1700 years BC
• Olmec (Mexico) and Chavin (Peru) culture 1100 – 1200 years BC
• Greece (Mycenaean culture) 1400 years BC – Ancient Greece 900 years BC
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Epoch of eye (writing)
• Eurasian antiquity 500 years BC – 500 AD Greece and Roman empire (antique theatre, bread and games)
• 476 AD – fall of west-roman empire
• 1330 – 1453 Byzantine (eat-roman) empire – capital Konstantinopol – Istanbul
• 9th century – spread of Christianity and education among Slavs – Cyril and Methodius, Ratisbon - Regensburg episcopate
• 962-1198 roman-german empire – new centre of power, Augsburg 955,
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Epoch of eye (writing)
• 9th century – spread of Christianity and education among Slavs – Cyril and Methodius, Ratisbon - Regensburg episcopate
• 962-1198 roman-german empire – new centre of power, Augsburg 955
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Writing formation
What is writing ? Visual means for information recordation. Predecessors – pictorial writing, vocabulum writing, syllables, phones – phonetic alphabet brought its users advantages, power and authority, finished domination of church bureaucracy and created a literal human. “Civilisation is based on literariness” (McLuhan).
Development of means for transmission of written information :
Stone, clay boards, wax, papyrus, parchment, paper
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Writing formation
Spread and documents production: creation (scribes, calligraphers), reproduction (scribes), private reading, public reading, acta diurna ( Caesar), written texts in convents.
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First urbanisation
Market formation and connection with urbanisation. Fairs, exhibitions, world exhibitions
Formation of castle residences :
12th –13th century
First urbanisation,
People accumulating
Towns and trades development, first markets
Market as the oldest mass communication tool
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First urbanisation
• 10th –12th century formation of regular markets, first money here,
• agricultural and trades boom, aristocracy, cotters, town patriciate,
• 50 royal towns, population concentration, usage of religious holidays
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13th century – guilds formation, symbols,
15th century – integration into international markets,
1243 Brno is competent to do Whitsun markets,
1362 Ostrava annual markets – 16 days
formation of specialised places
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GENERATION 13th-16th centuryPeriodicity of commercial meetingsProduction totalityVerbal communication – barkersGradually formation of markets as specialised media – cots,Simple presentation – free outdoors, light shelters, standsMarket right – form of regulation of towns behaviour
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GENERATION – SPECIMEN FAIRS
GENERATION – SPECIMEN FAIRS middle 17th to the end of 18th century
Beginning of manufacture production – in the Czech countries at the end of 17th century, in developed Europe already in the middle of the 16th century, only samples are showed
Communication specifics of 2nd generation – sample, specialised precincts
Share of import grows, from selling action the fair changes into contract, offer variety
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GENERATION – SPECIMEN FAIRS
• Number of exhibitors and visitors – mainly businessmen is increasing
• Specialised fair institutions are built, specialised fairs are formed
• 1754 Veltrusy “Big commodities market of the Czech kingdom – indication of 3rd generation
• 1756/7 London – 1st sample fair
• Industrial exhibitions in Europe, 1791 – Waarenkabinet in Klementinum
• Series of industrial exhibitions in Prague – 1828, 1829, etc.
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GENERATION – SPECIMEN FAIRS AND RUNNING PROGRAMMES
Country industrialisation – Kladno, Ostrava regions, formation of big industrial companies
Industrial production
Typical characteristics of the 3rd generation – running programme – information and entertaining function
1953 - Exhibition of Czechoslovak engineering
1956 - Established with BVV (Brno Originally sample fairs)
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Brno Trade Fair
1959 Mezinárodní strojírenský veletrh
Expansion of other fairs in the republic, important role of running programmes – entertainment, educational, activation for visitors, popularisation, professional, scient-technical
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GENERATION – IDEAS AND SYSTEMS FAIRS
Priority is informationally wide presentation of information in form of congress, symposium
Running programme is professional, very specialised
exhibition – fair, the importance and emphasis of elements is turning
exhibition – running programme
The running role plays exhibition, the priority is in symposium
For large public are fairs and exhibition conserved in classical realisation
internet
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WORLD EXHIBITIONS – REFLECTION OF
CURRENT CULTURE Since 1851 annually – 1st London, 2nd Paris
In 19th century were organised 40 No.
In 20th century altogether 57 – EXPO 58 Brussels, Montreal 67,
Osaka 70, Shanghai 2010