history of english language 2
DESCRIPTION
History & Morphology of EnglishTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BRIEF HISTORY OF BRIEF HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE Old English Middle EnglishModern English
![Page 3: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
OLD ENGLISH OLD ENGLISH I. 5th Century CE
A. AnglesB. Saxon C. Jutes
II. 597 CE A. St. Augustine
III. 8th Century A. Vikings
![Page 4: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
MIDDLE ENGLISH MIDDLE ENGLISH I. 1066 I. 1066 The Norman ConquestThe Norman ConquestWilliam the Conqueror William the Conqueror
Most of the English words rootedin French are words that have something to do with power.
![Page 8: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MODERN ENGLISH I. 1450 A. Johann Gutenberg
II. 1476A. William Caxton
III. 18th and 20th Century A. Australian B. AfricanC. Arabian Penisula
![Page 9: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CONTRIBUTION OF PRINTING PRESS TO ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Publication of Books
Standardization of English
![Page 10: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
MORPHOLOGY OF ENGLISH WORD FORMATION PROCESSES
Zero Derivation Stress Shift Ablaut Compounding Clipping Blending Reduplication Acronymy Coinage Affixation Abbreviations Borrowing
![Page 11: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1. ZERO DERIVATION
- is the word formation process in which a wordof one grammatical form becomes a word of another grammatical form without any changesto spelling of pronunciation.
1. There was a run on the bank, with customers yelling for their deposits.
2. We made a run for the dogs so they could have someexercise.
3. They took part in the run.
![Page 12: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2. A brisk walk in the morning is a good exercise.
3. The princess asked the servant to go to the kitchen and get her a piece of cake.
4. The chef is fond of collecting kitchen utensils.
![Page 13: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2. ABLAUT- a vowel change that accompanies a change in grammatical function
1. sing sang sung2. drink, drank, drunk
![Page 14: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3. STRESS SHIFT3. STRESS SHIFTIn linguistic stress shift is defined as word
formation process in which only the audible emphasis of a syllable changes to create a new word.
NOUN1. Desert2. Resume3. Record4. Subject
VERB1. Desert2. Resume3. Record 4. Subject
![Page 15: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
4. COMPOUNDING Compounding forms a word out of two seperate words. The words are called compounds or compound words.
1. band + wagon = bandwagon 2. every + one = everyone 3. broom + stick = broomstick 4. sand + paper = sandpaper 5. mother + in + law = mother-in-law
![Page 16: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
5. CLIPPINGIn linguistics, clipping consists of removing syllables from a word to leave a word with the same function.
1. Refrigerator 2. Fraternity 3. Telephone 4. Mathematics
![Page 17: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
6. BLENDINGBlending is one of the most creative word formation processes in English.Two words are merged and the result is a blended word.
1. breakfast + lunch = brunch2. spoon + fork = spork 3. cheese + hamburger = cheese burger 4. car + hijacking = carjacking 5. taco + buritto = taquito
![Page 18: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
7. ACRONYMYAcronyms are formed by taking the first letter or the two initial letters of words or phrases and making a new word out of them. Theclassical acronym is pronounced as a aword. Some acronyms though, are pronounced as letters.
FBIFederal Bureau of Investigation PhivolcsPhilippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
![Page 19: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
8. COINAGECoinage refers to the invention of new terms orthe use of proper names or trade names which eventually become words that refer to a general type of product, regardless of brand.
1. Kleenex2. Xerox
![Page 20: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
9. REDUPLICATIONThe repeating of parts of words to make new words is called reduplication. Reduplicated words usually rhyme.
1. zigzag2. walkie-talkie3. okey-dokey
![Page 21: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
10. AFFIXATIONAffixation is the addition of one or more affixes to a root. This covers both prefixation and suffixation.
im- impatient, impracticaldis- discourage, disengageer- player, buyer, singer, dancerment- improvement, development
![Page 22: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
11. ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation is the word formation process in which a word or phrase is shortened. Initialisms are a type of abbreviation formed by the initial letters of a word or phrase. Although abbreviation is largely a convention of written language, sometimes abbreviations carry over into spoken language.
centimeter- cm.Department- Dept.Doctor- Dr. Mister- Mr.
![Page 23: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
12. BORROWINGBorrowing is the word formation process in which a word from one language is borrowed directly into another language.
1. Chinese- madjong 2. Japanese- haiku 3. Italian- macaroni4. Indian- shampoo5. African- coffee, cola
![Page 24: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
13. EPONYMSEponyms are a word form by the word formation process in which a new word is formed from the name of a real of fictitious person.
1. Pasteurization- Loius Pasteur 2. Volcano- Vulcan
![Page 25: History of English Language 2](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081416/577cc7ae1a28aba711a1a631/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)