history of english language
DESCRIPTION
A look at how the English language evolves over time, with an eye towards noticing the quirks and rules. Once a student knows that grammar is not arbitrary, they get hungry for learning how and why it is like it is (and remembering some of the rules, and figuring out others).TRANSCRIPT
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WorldReferent(outside language)
Spoken Word/kæt/
(language sound)
Written Word“cat” or “c - a- t”
(transcription of language sound)
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Anglo-Saxon Runic Futhorc Greek Alpha-Beta
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consonants
• Hring (ring)• Hwīt (white)• Cneow (knee)• Gnawan (gnaw)• Wrītan (write)
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I mutationAlteration of certain vowels by suffixes
Singular Plural
Foot Feet
Goose Geese
Mouse Mice
Tooth Teeth
Blood Bleed
Food Feed
Full Fill
Mann + iz (plural) = manniz = menniz = men
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1066William the Conqueror
Battle of Hastings Normal Conquests
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Influences of English Language
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minim
i, j, m, n u, v
m, n develop connecting lines
I becomes i
J becomes j
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reduction
1. Hlāf = loaf2. Weard = ward3. Hlāf-weard = keeper of the bread4. Hlāford5. Laverd6. Lord
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. : ,
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Great Vowel Shift
mi fayt ack; sue doe oars
mi fet ak sc do urz
mai fit ek so du aurz
my feet ache; so do ours
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war and far
/a/ became rounded after /w/• warm, water, wall
/a/ > /e/ did not round• wager
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silent e
1. mad
2. made
3. maddening
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Other Factors
Factors Examples
Printing/technology gtg
Accent Pahk yahr cahr on Hahvahd Yahd
Borrowing Herb vs. herb
Regional Soda vs. pop
Time Internet
Trade/globalization Smorgasbord
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At the moment becomes atmBe back soon becomes bbsBecause becomes cuz, bcuz, bcz, bcos, bc, cos,
coz or bcozBest friend or Boy friend becomes bf or b/fBest friend(s) for life becomes bfflBest friend(s) forever becomes bffBy the way becomes btwCan't be assed becomes cbaForever becomes 4eva or 4evrFor your information becomes fyiFriend becomes frendGot to go becomes g2g or gtgHave a nice day becomes H.A.N.D.Hold on becomes hld on or h/oHomework becomes hw, hwk or hmwkHow are you becomes hruI don't care becomes idcI don't know becomes idkI do what I want becomes idwiwI love you becomes ily, luv u, ilu, or luv yaIn my opinion becomes imo
In my humble opinion becomes imhoLaugh out loud becomes lolLots of love becomes lolLaughing quietly to myself becomes lqtmMessage (as in a text message) becomes msgNever mind becomes nm or nvm (depending on
context used)No problem becomes np"No thank you" becomes "nty" or "no ty"Obviously becomes ovvi or obvOf course becomes ov cors or ofcOh my god becomes omg or (comicly) zomgParents over shoulder becomes posPlease becomes plz or plezProbably becomes probz, prbly, prolly, or probLove becomes <3 or luvPeace becomes pce, pece, or \/ (V sign)Rolling on the floor laughing (out loud) becomes
rofl(ol)Something becomes sth, s/t, or sumthinSorry becomes sry, "soz", or "sori"