History of Public HealthHistory of Public Health

Dr. Satyajit Sundar RayDr. Satyajit Sundar Ray

Dawn of scientific medicineDawn of scientific medicine

Revival of medicine Revival of medicine 1453-1600 AD 1453-1600 AD

Paracelsus(1493-Paracelsus(1493-1541) publicly burnt 1541) publicly burnt the works of Galen the works of Galen and avicenna and and avicenna and attacked attacked superstition and superstition and dogma and helped dogma and helped turn medicine turn medicine towards rational towards rational system. system.

FRACASTORIUS (1483-1553)FRACASTORIUS (1483-1553)

• Theory of contagion

• Syphilis- STD

• Founder of

epidemiology

ANDREAS VASALIUS (1514- 1564)ANDREAS VASALIUS (1514- 1564)

•Dissections on the

human body and

found some errors

in galens work.•First man of modern

science. •Fabrica- text book

Ambroise pare- 1510-1590Ambroise pare- 1510-1590

Father of surgery (art of surgery)Father of surgery (art of surgery)

John hunter taught science of John hunter taught science of

surgery.surgery.

Thomas sydenham1624-1689Thomas sydenham1624-1689

• First distinguished

epidemiologist.

• D/D of

Scarlet fever,

malaria, dysentery,

cholera

17th and 18th century17th and 18th century

Harvey (1628) –

circulation of blood.

Leewenhoeks(1670)

–microscope.

Jenner (1796) -

vaccination against

small pox

1682-17711682-1771

Morgagni – pathological anatomyMorgagni – pathological anatomy

Birth of Preventive MedicineBirth of Preventive Medicine

James Lind (1716-1794)- naval James Lind (1716-1794)- naval

surgeon advocated the intake of surgeon advocated the intake of

fresh vegetables and fruits for fresh vegetables and fruits for

prevention of scurvy- 1753prevention of scurvy- 1753

Edward jenner - small poxEdward jenner - small pox

vaccination-1796vaccination-1796

History of preventive and social History of preventive and social medicinemedicine

Sanitary awakening - mid nineteenth Sanitary awakening - mid nineteenth century – in England. century – in England.

Edwin chadwick (1800-1890) a Edwin chadwick (1800-1890) a lawyer, in 1832 sanitary conditions of lawyer, in 1832 sanitary conditions of the labouring populations in Great the labouring populations in Great Britain. Britain.

Good drinking water, Housing, Good drinking water, Housing, working condition, slums, working condition, slums, accumulation of filth in cities……accumulation of filth in cities……

English epidemiologist – John snow- role English epidemiologist – John snow- role of polluted drinking water and spread of of polluted drinking water and spread of cholera- 1848-54cholera- 1848-54

William budd- 1856- typhoid is William budd- 1856- typhoid is spreading through unclean drinking spreading through unclean drinking waterwater

Gradually imp of clean drinking water, Gradually imp of clean drinking water, clean surroundings were realized. clean surroundings were realized.

Louis pasteur – 1860- presence of Louis pasteur – 1860- presence of bacterea in the air, antirabies treatment bacterea in the air, antirabies treatment in 1883in 1883

1877- Robert koch- anthrax was 1877- Robert koch- anthrax was caused by bactereacaused by bacterea

Birth of germ theory of disease Birth of germ theory of disease established. established.

Gonococcus- 1847, typhoid bacillus Gonococcus- 1847, typhoid bacillus and pneumcoccus- 1880, TB bacilli- and pneumcoccus- 1880, TB bacilli- 1882, cholera vibrio- 1883, 1882, cholera vibrio- 1883, diphtheria bacillus- 1884diphtheria bacillus- 1884

Cholera vaccine in 1892, diphtheria Cholera vaccine in 1892, diphtheria antitoxin in 1894, antityphoid antitoxin in 1894, antityphoid vaccine – 1898vaccine – 1898

Antiseptics and disinfectants- 1827-Antiseptics and disinfectants- 1827-

19121912

1896- Bruce – African sleeping sickness 1896- Bruce – African sleeping sickness

was transmitted by tsetse flywas transmitted by tsetse fly

1898- Ronald ross- malaria is 1898- Ronald ross- malaria is

transmitted by anopheles. transmitted by anopheles.

1900- walter reed- yellow fever- 1900- walter reed- yellow fever-

transmitted by aedes mosquito. transmitted by aedes mosquito.