history of web lecture

8/14/2019 History of Web Lecture

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THE INTERNET.


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1822:Charles Babbage -

Father of Modern Computing

Created the Difference Engine

Mechanical machine of cogs and gears was built to

calculate and print complex mathematical tables

Forerunner of the modern computer


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1835:

Charles Wheatstone and William Cooke invent

the electric telegraph


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1856-1866:First submarine transatlanticcables laid between the US and Uk

Even longer distancecommunication is possible


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Technology slowly advances with further developmentof Morse code, the telephone (late 1800s)...


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... Sputnik I1957, Soviet Union

The first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite

Collected and sent various data back to Earth


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The Space Racebetween US and

Soviet Union begins

Satellites launching into spaceAs a result, telephone calls connectaround the world


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(SPACE JUNK)


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Soviet advances in satellite communi-cations took the US by surprise

1958: The US creates Advance

Research Projects Agency withinDept of Defense (later called DARPA)

ARPA scientists push forward scientificadvances in computing andcommunications...


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hello, ARPANET.Communications network that withstands

electromagnetic pulse of nuclear strike

Nuclear pulses fry any electronic system with

a microchip

Thus need to have practical method of maintaining

nationwide communication

Developed network of computers that didntrely on central hub to control it


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Data could travel any number of routes - if one sectionof the network become inoperable, information couldstill get from A to B

ARPANET nodes: University of Utah, Stanford Research

Institute, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara


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ARPANET

1973: Grows to 40 nodes

Includes international nodes in Norway andLondon illustrate potential reach of technology

First time some are referring to it as the Internet


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Reliable email software developed

Internet Protocol (IP) for encoding anddecoding of data

Suddenly its no longer just a military project

1983: Military gives up on attempting tocontrol the Internet and separates MILNET from it

1987: Internet grows to 28,000 nodes

1990: 300,000 nodes


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BBS - Bulletin

Board Systems

1989: Andrew Milner developed Remote Access

Dial-up software: customizable and provided frame

work for others to create their own BBS systems

File sharing, messaging, connect users via hobbies,

interests, and opinions (video games)

Created community without using the Internet


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BBS:Text based, not able to handle graphics / images

ASCII art

Characters assigned colors and behaviors

Aesthetically similar to early video games

BBS System Operators able to create environments


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Robert Cailliau &Tim Berners-Lee

create the WorldWide Web

CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research)scientists develop system to access and share informationin a much more visual and understandable way


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Domain names are listed in directories at a

number of nodes on the Internet

When a user enters the domain name into thecomputer, the directory is searched and IP address

found before sending the user to the correct location

Still plain text at this point

Look to print publication industry for methods of

controlling appearance, text and images

yo.


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Standard Generalized Mark-up Language (SGML)

Standard set of rules for laying out pages innewspaper and magazines

Using SGML codes in the printing system, page editorscould instruct automated printing presses how textshould be displayed

Control background colors, and where photos should

be placed in relation to page and size


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yo.

Berner-Lee and Cailliau cannibalized the SGML andadapted it for use with the Internet

HTML = Hypertext Mark-up Language

Fundamental building block for all designers


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Mosaic - Internetbrowser

Created by Marc Andreesen, 22, student atUniv of Illinois

Display images, play sounds and basic animations


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so ... the Internet islike a giant book!


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RIP :(


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This book is madeup of billions of

pages that are each

in a differentlocation.


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Your web browser

functions as a

magnifying glassthat shows

(renders) what is inan HTML file.


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The Internet

operates through the:hyper text transfer protocol

HTTP

This means that when you are connected tothe Internet you are transferring HTML pagesback and forth between your computer and

the server where the page lives.


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HTML =hyper text markup language

We use html code to createcontent for the Internet.

The most common HTMLdocument is = index.html

When you visit a website, the firstpage typically served is index.html


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There is always content within HTML files.

Tags are placed around the content.

The most basic tag is ... yes!

Because HTML is a markup language, we use

open tags and closing tags to tell thebrowser what we want it to display.


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hello world!

This will display the texthello world! in thehtml web page.


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HTML is the faceof the Internet

CSS are its sunglasses.(cascading style sheets)


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We use CSS files tostyle HTML files.

Any tag that exists in anhtml file can by styled by a

CSS file which is linked tothat html file.

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