history & visual approaches visual project
DESCRIPTION
PsychologyTRANSCRIPT
History & Visual Approaches Visual Project
Mark Geise
Structuralism
• Psychological approach focusing on the structure of the brain.
• Wilhelm Wundt• Edward Titchener• G. Stanley Hall
Introspection
Functionalism
• Psychological approach focusing on the function of mental processes.
• William James Not concerned with where mental processes occur, but simply how observable behavior occurs.
Behavioral Approach
• Explaining behavior through observation of said behavior
• Ivan Pavlov – classical conditioning
• John Watson – Little Albert• BF Skinner – operant
conditioning, Skinner box• Albert Bandura –
observational learning, Bobo doll
• Conditioning - induced fear in baby by making loud noise when coming in contact with rat; baby soon associated the rat with fear
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Approach
• Psychological approach focusing on the conscious and unconscious processes and emotions that determine behavior
• Sigmund Freud – Dreams, Unconscious, id, ego, superego
• Carl Jung – collective unconscious, introversion, and extroversion
• Alfred Adler – inferiority complex, birth order • Unconscious mind drives
much of human behavior
Humanistic Approach
• Psychological approach emphasizing the individual and the potential for self-fulfillment
• Abraham Maslow – self actualization, Maslow’s hierarchy
• Carl Rogers – unconditional positive regard, active listening
• Martin Seligman – positive psychology
• Individual is emphasized and at the forefront of the humanistic approach
Cognitive Approach
• Psychological approach focusing on the internal processes of thought
• Jean Piaget – cognitive development
• Aaron Beck – cognitive triad
• Hermann Ebbinghaus - memory
• Ebbinghaus showed that increased repetition causes better memory through his experimentation
Biological Approach• Psychological approach
in which concrete science is at the forefront
• Human behavior is produced through a complex biological system with the human brain and body
• Roger Sperry – left and right sides of brain are specialized in different tasks
• Sperry showed that the left and right hemispheres of the brain are specialized in different tasks
Evolutionary Approach
• Psychological approach in which behavior is explained through evolutionary terms
• All behavior has an adaptive or evolutionary purpose
• Edward Wilson – Sociobiology (1975) related evolution and psychology
• Jane Goodall – chimps and humans express similar behavior in communities
• Human behavior is explained through evolutionary terms; therefore, the roots of much of our behavior can be traced back to and still observed in chimpanzees
Sociocultural Approach
• Psychological approach in which the effects of culture, politics, and society on human behavior are analyzed
Bibliography
Images:• http://paulbuckley14059.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/intros
pection.jpg• http://www.qwantz.com/fanart/functionalism.gif• http://www.flavinscorner.com/albert2.jpg• http://www.humansea.co.uk/images/unconscious-mind_sm.g
if• http://www.smokescreendesign.com/images/Man-Leonardo-
da-Vinci.jpg• http://www.phase-6.com/opencms/system/galleries/pics/Vok
abeltrainer/forgetting_curve_en.png• http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/split-brai
n/images/eyes.gif• http://www.fizyka.umk.pl/~
duch/ref/00/00-how-brain/hemis.gif• http://apenotes.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/chimp.jpg